AI@50, formally known as the "Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years" (July 13–15, 2006), was a conference organized by

James Moor James H. Moor is the Daniel P. Stone Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy at Dartmouth College. He earned his Ph.D. in 1972 from Indiana University. Moor's 1985 paper entitled "What is Computer Ethics?" established him as one of the pi ...

, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the

Dartmouth workshop The Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence was a 1956 summer workshop widely consideredKline, Ronald R., Cybernetics, Automata Studies and the Dartmouth Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IEEE Annals of the History of ...

which effectively inaugurated the

history of artificial intelligence The history of artificial intelligence (AI) began in ancient history, antiquity, with myths, stories and rumors of artificial beings endowed with intelligence or consciousness by master craftsmen. The seeds of modern AI were planted by philoso ...

. Five of the original ten attendees were present:

Marvin Minsky Marvin Lee Minsky (August 9, 1927 – January 24, 2016) was an American cognitive and computer scientist concerned largely with research of artificial intelligence (AI), co-founder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AI laboratory, ...

Ray Solomonoff Ray Solomonoff (July 25, 1926 – December 7, 2009) was the inventor of algorithmic probability, his General Theory of Inductive Inference (also known as Universal Inductive Inference),Samuel Rathmanner and Marcus Hutter. A philosophical treatise ...

Oliver Selfridge Oliver Gordon Selfridge (10 May 1926 – 3 December 2008) was a pioneer of artificial intelligence. He has been called the "Father of Machine Perception." Biography Selfridge, born in England, was a grandson of Harry Gordon Selfridge, the founde ...

Trenchard More Trenchard More (1930 – 2019) was a mathematician and computer scientist who worked at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center and Cambridge Scientific Center after teaching at MIT and Yale. He was also a full professor for two years at the T ...

, and John McCarthy. While sponsored by

Dartmouth College Dartmouth College (; ) is a private research university in Hanover, New Hampshire. Established in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock, it is one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. Although founded to educate Native ...

General Electric General Electric Company (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate founded in 1892, and incorporated in New York state and headquartered in Boston. The company operated in sectors including healthcare, aviation, power, renewable en ...

, and the Frederick Whittemore Foundation, a $200,000 grant from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) called for a report of the proceedings that would: * Analyze progress on AI's original challenges during the first 50 years, and assess whether the challenges were "easier" or "harder" than originally thought and why * Document what the AI@50 participants believe are the major research and development challenges facing this field over the next 50 years, and identify what breakthroughs will be needed to meet those challenges * Relate those challenges and breakthroughs against developments and trends in other areas such as control theory, signal processing, information theory, statistics, and optimization theory. A summary report by the conference director,

, was published in AI Magazine.

Conference Program and links to published papers

, conference Director, Introduction * Carol Folt and Barry Scherr, Welcome * Carey Heckman, Tonypandy and the Origins of Science

AI: Past, Present, Future

* John McCarthy, What Was Expected, What We Did, and AI Today *

The Emotion Machine ''The Emotion Machine: Commonsense Thinking, Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of the Human Mind'' is a 2006 book by cognitive scientist Marvin Minsky that elaborates and expands on Minsky's ideas as presented in his earlier book ''Society of ...

The Future Model of Thinking

* Ron Brachman and

Hector Levesque Hector Joseph Levesque (born 1951) is a Canadian academic and researcher in artificial intelligence. His research concerns incorporating commonsense reasoning in intelligent systems and he initiated the Winograd Schemas Challenge. Education He r ...

, A Large Part of Human Thought *

David Mumford David Bryant Mumford (born 11 June 1937) is an American mathematician known for his work in algebraic geometry and then for research into vision and pattern theory. He won the Fields Medal and was a MacArthur Fellow. In 2010 he was awarded t ...

, What is the Right Model for 'Thought'? * Stuart Russell, The Approach of Modern AI

The Future of Network Models

Geoffrey Hinton Geoffrey Everest Hinton One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: (born 6 December 1947) is a British-Canadian cognitive psychologist and computer scientist, most noted for his work on a ...

& Simon Osindero, From Pandemonium to Graphical Models and Back Again * Rick Granger, From Brain Circuits to Mind Manufacture

The Future of Learning & Search

, Learning and Education for Software: New Approaches in Machine Learning *

, Machine Learning — Past and Future * Leslie Pack Kaelbling, Learning to be Intelligent *

Peter Norvig Peter Norvig (born December 14, 1956) is an American computer scientist and Distinguished Education Fellow at the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI. He previously served as a director of research and search quality at Google. Norvig is t ...

, Web Search as a Product of and Catalyst for AI

The Future of AI

Rod Brooks Rodney Allen Brooks (born 30 December 1954) is an Australian roboticist, Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, author, and robotics entrepreneur, most known for popularizing the actionist approach to robotics. He was a Panasonic Profe ...

, Intelligence and Bodies * Nils Nilsson, Routes to the Summit *

Eric Horvitz Eric Joel Horvitz () is an American computer scientist, and Technical Fellow at Microsoft, where he serves as the company's first Chief Scientific Officer. He was previously the director of Microsoft Research Labs, including research centers in Re ...

, In Pursuit of Artificial Intelligence: Reflections on Challenges and Trajectories

The Future of Vision

* Eric Grimson, Intelligent Medical Image Analysis: Computer Assisted Surgery and Disease Monitoring *

Takeo Kanade is a Japanese computer scientist and one of the world's foremost researchers in computer vision. He is U.A. and Helen Whitaker Professor at Carnegie Mellon University. He has approximately 300 peer-reviewed academic publications and holds aroun ...

, Artificial Intelligence Vision: Progress and Non-Progress *

Terry Sejnowski Terrence Joseph Sejnowski (born 13 August 1947) is the Francis Crick Professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies where he directs the Computational Neurobiology Laboratory and is the director of the Crick-Jacobs center for theoretical ...

, A Critique of Pure Vision

The Future of Reasoning

Alan Bundy Alan Richard Bundy is a professor at the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh,http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/bundy/ Professor Alan Bundy's website known for his contributions to automated reasoning, especially to proof planning ...

, Constructing, Selecting and Repairing Representations of Knowledge * Edwina Rissland, The Exquisite Centrality of Examples *

Bart Selman Bart Selman is a Dutch-American professor of computer science at Cornell University. He has previously worked at AT&T Bell Laboratories. He is also co-founder and principal investigator of the Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence ( ...

, The Challenge and Promise of Automated Reasoning

The Future of Language and Cognition

The Birth of Array Theory and Nial *

Eugene Charniak Eugene Charniak is a professor of computer Science and cognitive Science at Brown University. He holds an A.B. in Physics from the University of Chicago and a Ph.D. from M.I.T. in Computer Science. His research has always been in the area of l ...

, Why Natural Language Processing is Now Statistical Natural Language Processing * Pat Langley, Intelligent Behavior in Humans and Machines

The Future of the Future

Ray Kurzweil Raymond Kurzweil ( ; born February 12, 1948) is an American computer scientist, author, inventor, and futurist. He is involved in fields such as optical character recognition (OCR), text-to-speech synthesis, speech recognition technology, and e ...

, Why We Can Be Confident of Turing Test Capability Within a Quarter Century * George Cybenko, The Future Trajectory of AI * Charles J. Holland, DARPA's Perspective

AI and Games

Jonathan Schaeffer Jonathan Herbert Schaeffer (born 1957) is a Canadian researcher and professor at the University of Alberta and the former Canada Research Chair in Artificial Intelligence. He led the team that wrote Chinook, the world's strongest American c ...

, Games as a Test-bed for Artificial Intelligence Research" * Danny Kopec, Chess and AI * Shay Bushinsky, Principle Positions in Deep Junior's Development

Future Interactions with Intelligent Machines

* Daniela Rus, Making Bodies Smart *

Sherry Turkle Sherry Turkle (born June 18, 1948) is the Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of the Social Studies of Science and Technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She obtained an BA in social studies and later a PhD in sociology and perso ...

, From Building Intelligences to Nurturing Sensibilities

Selected Submitted Papers: Future Strategies for AI

J. Storrs Hall John Storrs "Josh" Hall is involved in the field of molecular nanotechnology. He founded the sci.nanotech Usenet newsgroup and moderated it for ten years, and served as the founding chief scientist of Nanorex Inc. for two years. He has written s ...

, Self-improving AI: An Analysis *

Selmer Bringsjord Selmer Bringsjord (born November 24, 1958) is the chair of the Department of Cognitive Science at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and a professor of Computer Science and Cognitive Science. He also holds an appointment in the Lally School of M ...

, The Logicist Manifesto
Vincent C. Müller
Is There a Future for AI Without Representation? * Kristinn R. Thórisson, Integrated A.I. Systems

Selected Submitted Papers: Future Possibilities for AI

* Eric Steinhart, Survival as a Digital Ghost * Colin T. A. Schmidt, Did You Leave That 'Contraption' Alone With Your Little Sister? * Michael Anderson & Susan Leigh Anderson, The Status of Machine Ethics * Marcello Guarini, Computation, Coherence, and Ethical Reasoning

References

External links

Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years
Official conference Web site. * James Moor
The Dartmouth College Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years
AI Magazine 27:4

006 Alec Trevelyan (006) is a fictional character and the main antagonist in the 1995 James Bond film '' GoldenEye'', the first film to feature actor Pierce Brosnan as Bond. Trevelyan is portrayed by actor Sean Bean. The likeness of Bean as Ale ...

87–91. ISSN 0738-4602. Official conference report, with photos; freely available online PDF. *

Pictures from AI@50
Photographs of conference presenters.

Notes and comments

Conference blogger Meg Houston Maker provided on-the-scene coverage of the conference, including entries on:

- Brief abstracts of opening remarks, including Carey Heckman's on the original conference and first usage of the term "artificial intelligence"

— Brief abstracts of papers by John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky

— Brief abstracts of papers by Ron Brachman, David Mumford, and Stuart Russell

— Brief abstracts of papers by Geoffrey Hinton, Simon Odinero, and Rick Granger

— Brief abstracts of papers by Oliver Selfridge, Ray Solomonoff, Leslie Pack Kaelbling, and Peter Norvig

— Brief abstracts of papers by Rod Brooks, Nils Nilsson, and Eric Horvitz

— Brief abstracts of papers by Eric Grimson, Takeo Kanade, and Terry Sejnowski

— Brief abstracts of papers by Alan Bundy, Edwina Rissland, and Bart Selman

— Brief abstracts of papers by Trenchard More, Eugene Charniak, and Pat Langley

— Brief abstract of Ray Kurzweil's paper

— Brief abstracts of papers by Jonathan Schaeffer and Danny Kopec

— Brief abstracts of papers by Daniela Rus and Sherry Turkle

— Brief abstracts of papers by J. Storrs Hall and Selmer Bringsjord

— Brief abstracts of papers by Eric Steinhart, C. T. A. Schmidt, Michael Anderson, and Susan Leigh Anderson {{DEFAULTSORT:Aiat50 Artificial intelligence conferences Dartmouth College history History of artificial intelligence