ADB-FUBINACA is a

designer drug A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests. Des ...

identified in synthetic cannabis blends in Japan in 2013. In 2018, it was the third-most common synthetic cannabinoid identified in drugs seized by the

Drug Enforcement Administration The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA; ) is a Federal law enforcement in the United States, United States federal law enforcement agency under the U.S. Department of Justice tasked with combating drug trafficking and distribution within th ...

. The (''S'')-enantiomer of ADB-FUBINACA is described in a 2009

Pfizer Pfizer Inc. ( ) is an American multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology corporation headquartered on 42nd Street in Manhattan, New York City. The company was established in 1849 in New York by two German entrepreneurs, Charles Pfizer ...

patent A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A p ...

and has been reported to be a potent

agonist An agonist is a chemical that activates a receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an antagonist blocks the action of the ago ...

of the CB₁ receptor and the CB₂ receptor with EC₅₀ values of 1.2 nM and 3.5 nM, respectively. ADB-FUBINACA features a carboxamide group at the 3-indazole position, like

SDB-001 APICA (2NE1, SDB-001, ''N''-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1''H''-indole-3-carboxamide) is an indole based drug that acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors. It had never previously been reported in the scientific or patent literature, a ...

and

STS-135 STS-135 ( ISS assembly flight ULF7) was the 135th and final mission of the American Space Shuttle program. It used the orbiter ''Atlantis'' and hardware originally processed for the STS-335 contingency mission, which was not flown. STS-135 la ...

. ADB-FUBINACA appears to be the product of rational drug design, since it differs from

AB-FUBINACA AB-FUBINACA is a drug that acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with ''K''i values of 0.9 nM at CB1 and 23.2 nM at CB2 and EC50 values of 1.8 nM at CB1 and 3.2 nM at CB2. It was originally developed by P ...

only by the replacement of the

isopropyl group In organic chemistry, propyl is a three-carbon alkyl substituent with chemical formula for the linear form. This substituent form is obtained by removing one hydrogen atom attached to the terminal carbon of propane. A propyl substituent is ofte ...

with a ''tert''-butyl group. An analogue of ADB-FUBINACA,

ADSB-FUB-187 ADSB-FUB-187 is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid. It is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor with a binding affinity of ''K''i = 0.09 nM and an EC50 of 1.09 nM. It was originally developed by Pfizer in 2009, being ex ...

, containing a more functionalized carboxamide substituent was recently reported.

Side effects

One death through coronary

arterial thrombosis Thrombosis (from Ancient Greek "clotting") is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel (a vein or an artery) is injured, the body uses platelets (thr ...

has been linked to ADB-FUBINACA intoxication. At least an additional 8 deaths in Hungary in 2015 are linked to the usage of this material, all deaths were youngsters below 21.

Metabolism

Twenty-three ADB-FUBINACA major metabolites were identified in several incubations with cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Major metabolic pathways were alkyl and indazole hydroxylation, terminal amide hydrolysis, subsequent glucuronide conjugations, and dehydrogenation.

Legality

In the United States, ADB-FUBINACA is a

Schedule I controlled substance This is the list of Schedule I drugs as defined by the United States Controlled Substances Act. 21 CFRbr>1308.11(CSA Sched I) with changes through (Oct 18, 2012). Retrieved September 6, 2013. The following findings are required for drugs to be pl ...

References

{{Cannabinoids Cannabinoids Designer drugs Fluoroarenes Indazolecarboxamides Tert-butyl compounds

Side effects

Metabolism

Legality

See also

References