Activin receptor type-2A is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''ACVR2A''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
ACVR2A is an
activin type 2 receptor
The activin type 2 receptors belong to a larger TGF-beta receptor family and modulate signals for transforming growth factor beta ligands. These receptors are involved in a host of physiological processes including, growth, cell differentiation, ...
.
Function
This gene encodes activin A type II receptor. Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the
transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of
receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I (I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with
cysteine
Cysteine (symbol Cys or C; ) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula . The thiol side chain in cysteine often participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile.
When present as a deprotonated catalytic residue, sometime ...
-rich region, a
transmembrane domain
A transmembrane domain (TMD) is a membrane-spanning protein domain. TMDs generally adopt an alpha helix topological conformation, although some TMDs such as those in porins can adopt a different conformation. Because the interior of the lipid bil ...
, and a
cytoplasmic
In cell biology, the cytoplasm is all of the material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. The material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. Th ...
domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. Type I receptors are essential for signaling; and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resulting in
phosphorylation
In chemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion. This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology and could be driven by natural selection. Text was copied from this source, wh ...
of type I receptors by type II receptors. Type II receptors are considered to be constitutively active kinases.
Interactions
ACVR2A has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
with:
*
ACVR1B
Activin receptor type-1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ACVR1B'' gene.
ACVR1B or ALK-4 acts as a transducer of activin or activin-like ligands (e.g., inhibin) signals. Activin binds to either ACVR2A or ACVR2B and then forms a c ...
,
*
INHBA
Inhibin, beta A, also known as INHBA, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''INHBA'' gene. INHBA is a subunit of both activin and inhibin, two closely related glycoproteins with opposing biological effects.
Function
The inhibin beta A ...
,
and
*
SYNJ2BP
Synaptojanin-2-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SYNJ2BP'' gene.
Interactions
SYNJ2BP has been shown to interact with:
* ACVR2A,
* ACVR2B,
* LRP1, and
* LRP2
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 a ...
.
References
External links
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Further reading
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Acvr2a
GS domain
TS domain
S/T domain
Human proteins
EC 2.7.11