The alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily is a
superfamily
SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...
of
hydrolytic enzymes
Hydrolase is a class of enzyme that commonly perform as biochemical catalysts that use water to break a chemical bond, which typically results in dividing a larger molecule into smaller molecules. Some common examples of hydrolase enzymes are este ...
of widely differing phylogenetic origin and catalytic function that share a common
fold
Fold, folding or foldable may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
* ''Fold'' (album), the debut release by Australian rock band Epicure
*Fold (poker), in the game of poker, to discard one's hand and forfeit interest in the current pot
*Above ...
.
The core of each enzyme is an alpha/beta-sheet (rather than a
barrel
A barrel or cask is a hollow cylindrical container with a bulging center, longer than it is wide. They are traditionally made of wooden staves and bound by wooden or metal hoops. The word vat is often used for large containers for liquids, ...
), containing 8
beta strand
The beta sheet, (β-sheet) (also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of the regular protein secondary structure. Beta sheets consist of beta strands (β-strands) connected laterally by at least two or three backbone hydrogen bonds, forming a gen ...
s connected by 6
alpha helices.
The enzymes are believed to have diverged from a common ancestor, retaining little obvious
sequence similarity, but preserving the arrangement of the catalytic residues. All have a
catalytic triad, the elements of which are borne on loops, which are the best-conserved structural features of the fold.
The alpha/beta hydrolase fold includes
proteases,
lipases
Lipase ( ) is a family of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats. Some lipases display broad substrate scope including esters of cholesterol, phospholipids, and of lipid-soluble vitamins and sphingomyelinases; however, these are usually tr ...
,
peroxidases
Peroxidases or peroxide reductases ( EC numberbr>1.11.1.x are a large group of enzymes which play a role in various biological processes. They are named after the fact that they commonly break up peroxides.
Functionality
Peroxidases typically ca ...
,
esterases
An esterase is a hydrolase enzyme that splits esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis.
A wide range of different esterases exist that differ in their substrate specificity, their protein structur ...
,
epoxide hydrolase
Epoxide hydrolases (EH's), also known as epoxide hydratases, are enzymes that metabolize compounds that contain an epoxide residue; they convert this residue to two hydroxyl residues through an epoxide hydrolysis reaction to form diol products. ...
s and
dehalogenase A dehalogenase is a type of enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a halogen atom from a substrate.
Examples include:
*Reductive dehalogenases
*4-chlorobenzoate dehalogenase
* 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase
* Dichloromethane dehalogenase
* Fluoroa ...
s.
Database
The ESTHER database provides a large collection of information about this superfamily of proteins.
Subfamilies
*
3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase
In enzymology, a 3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:3-oxoadipate enol-lactone + H2O \rightleftharpoons 3-oxoadipate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone and H2O, w ...
Human proteins containing this domain
ABHD10;
ABHD11;
ABHD12;
ABHD12B;
ABHD13;
ABHD2;
ABHD3;
ABHD4;
ABHD5;
ABHD6;
ABHD7;
ABHD8;
ABHD9;
BAT5;
BPHL;
C20orf135;
EPHX1;
EPHX2;
FAM108B1;
LIPA
Lipa or LIPA (Cyrillic: Липа) may refer to:
Acronym
*Liquid Isopropyl alcohol
*League for Independent Political Action, a former American progressive political organization
*Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts, a performing arts school in ...
;
LIPF;
LIPJ;
LIPK;
LIPM;
LIPN;
LYPLAL1
Lysophospholipase-like 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the LYPLAL1 gene.
The protein is a α/β-hydrolase of uncharacterized metabolic function. Genome-wide association studies in humans have linked the gene to fat distribution and ...
;
MEST;
MGLL;
PPME1;
SERHL;
SERHL2;
SPG21
Maspardin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SPG21'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene was identified by a two-hybrid screen using CD4 as the bait. It binds to the hydrophobic C-terminal amino acids of CD4 which are involved in ...
;
CES1
Liver carboxylesterase 1 also known as carboxylesterase 1 (CES1, hCE-1 or CES1A1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CES1'' gene. The protein is also historically known as serine esterase 1 (SES1), monocyte esterase and cholesterol es ...
;
CES2;
C4orf29
See also
*
Ecdysteroid-phosphate phosphatase - structure of a steroid phosphate phosphotase
*
Serine hydrolase - an enzyme family that is composed largely of proteins with alpha-beta hydrolase folds
External links
The ESTHER database
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alpha beta hydrolase fold
Protein domains
Peripheral membrane proteins
Hydrolases
Protein superfamilies