APOBEC1 complementation factor is a

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''A1CF''

gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...

Gene

Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and three full-length transcript variants, encoding three distinct isoforms, have been described. Additional splicing has been observed but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined.

Function

Mammalian

apolipoprotein B Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene. Function Apolipoprotein B is the primary apolipoprotein of chylomicrons, VLDL, Lp(a), IDL, and LDL particles (LDL—commonly known as "bad cholesterol" when in refer ...

mRNA In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of Protein biosynthesis, synthesizing a protein. mRNA is ...

undergoes site-specific C to U

deamination Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule. Enzymes that catalyse this reaction are called deaminases. In the human body, deamination takes place primarily in the liver, however it can also occur in the kidney. In situations of e ...

, which is mediated by a multi-component enzyme complex containing a minimal core composed of

APOBEC1 Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1 also known as C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''APOBEC1'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the APOBEC protein family and the cytidine dea ...

and a complementation factor encoded by this gene. The gene product has three non-identical RNA recognition motifs and belongs to the

hnRNP Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are complexes of RNA and protein present in the cell nucleus during gene transcription and subsequent post-transcriptional modification of the newly synthesized RNA (pre-mRNA). The presence of the ...

R family of RNA-binding proteins. It has been proposed that this complementation factor functions as an RNA-binding subunit and docks APOBEC1 to deaminate the upstream

cytidine Cytidine (symbol C or Cyd) is a nucleoside molecule that is formed when cytosine is attached to a ribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a β-N1- glycosidic bond. Cytidine is a component of RNA. It is a white water-soluble solid. which ...

. Studies suggest that the protein may also be involved in other RNA editing or RNA processing events. Its deletion results in lethality in mice.

Interactions

A1CF has been shown to

interact Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...

with

CUGBP2 CUGBP, Elav-like family member 2, also known as Etr-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CELF2'' gene. Members of the CELF/BRUNOL protein family are RNA-binding proteins and contain two N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains, ...

, and

SYNCRIP Synaptotagmin-binding, cytoplasmic RNA-interacting protein (SYNCRIP), also known as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) Q or NS1-associated protein-1 (NSAP-1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SYNCRIP'' gene. As the name ...

Gene

Function

Interactions

References

External links

Further reading