Year 978 ( CMLXXVIII) was a

common year starting on Tuesday A common year starting on Tuesday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Tuesday, 1 January, and ends on Tuesday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is F. The most recent year of such kind was 2019 and the next one wi ...

(link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

* Battle of Pankaleia: Rebel forces under General Bardas Skleros are defeated by the Byzantine army loyal to Emperor Basil II, commanded by General Bardas Phokas (the Younger), near Pankaleia (modern-day Hisarköy). Phokas regroups his forces and continues his march to the East, drawing Skleros away from Constantinople.

Europe

* War of the Three Henries: Emperor Otto II (the Red) supported by his nephew Otto I, duke of Bavaria and

Carinthia Carinthia (german: Kärnten ; sl, Koroška ) is the southernmost States of Austria, Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The main language is German language, German. Its regional dialects belong to t ...

, attacks

Passau Passau (; bar, label=Central Bavarian, Båssa) is a city in Lower Bavaria, Germany, also known as the Dreiflüssestadt ("City of Three Rivers") as the river Danube is joined by the Inn from the south and the Ilz from the north. Passau's popu ...

, where the rebels have assembled. In September, the town surrenders due to Otto's siege tactics, which includes a

bridge of boats The interior of the bridge of the Sikuliaq'', docked in Ketchikan, Alaska">RV_Sikuliaq.html" ;"title="Research Vessel ''RV Sikuliaq">Sikuliaq'', docked in Ketchikan, Alaska file:Wheelhouse of Leao Dos Mares.jpg, Wheelhouse on a tugboat, topp ...

. Ending of the revolt of Henry II (the Wrangler) against Otto II. * Otto II has the three insurrectionists punished at Magdeburg. Henry II is stripped of all his possessions and imprisoned in the custody of Bishop Folcmar of Utrecht. The other two: Henry III (the Younger) loses his duchy to Otto I and Henry I, bishop of Augsburg, is arrested and imprisoned in Werden Abbey ( Germany). * Franco-German war of 978–980 begins. * Almanzor, a court official and regent of Córdoba, becomes a chamberlain (''

hajib A ''hajib'' or ''hadjib'' ( ar, الحاجب, al-ḥājib, to block, the prevent someone from entering somewhere; It is a word "hajb" meaning to cover, to hide. It means "the person who prevents a person from entering a place, the doorman". The ...

'') and seizes power from the 13-year-old Caliph

Hisham II Hisham II or Abu'l-Walid Hisham II al-Mu'ayyad bi-llah (, Abū'l-Walīd Hishām al-Muʾayyad bi-ʾllāh) (son of Al-Hakam II and Subh of Cordoba) was the third Umayyad Caliph of Spain, in Al-Andalus from 976 to 1009, and 1010–13. Reign In 9 ...

. During his reign, Almanzor will exercise strong influence over Subh (the mother of Hisham) and wages successful campaigns against the

Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...

kingdoms in Northern Spain. * Fall –

Mieszko I Mieszko I (; – 25 May 992) was the first ruler of Poland and the founder of the first independent Polish state, the Duchy of Poland. His reign stretched from 960 to his death and he was a member of the Piast dynasty, a son of Siemomysł and ...

, duke and prince ('' de facto'' ruler) of Poland, abducts Oda of Haldensleben from the monastery of Kalbe ( Saxony-Anhalt) and marries her. She becomes Mieszko's second wife and Duchess of the Polans. *

Pandulf I Pandulf I Ironhead (died March 981) was the Prince of Benevento and Capua from 943 (or 944) until his death. He was made Duke of Spoleto and Camerino in 967 and succeeded as Prince of Salerno in 977 or 978. He was an important nobleman in the fi ...

(Ironhead), a Lombard prince, annexes the Principality of Salerno into his domains. For the first time, the Lombard duchies of

Benevento Benevento (, , ; la, Beneventum) is a city and ''comune'' of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento, northeast of Naples. It is situated on a hill above sea level at the confluence of the Calore Irpino (or Beneventano) and the ...

, Capua, Salerno and Spoleto-Camerino are united under one ruler. * Pietro I Orseolo, doge of

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

, escapes from Venice and travels to the Benedictine abbey of Michel-de-Cuxa (Southern France). He is succeeded by Vitale Candiano (not the bishop of Grado) as doge of Venice. * Winter – Vladimir I (the Great), grand prince of

Kiev Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...

, returns from Norway with a Varangian mercenary army and re-captures

Novgorod Veliky Novgorod ( rus, links=no, Великий Новгород, t=Great Newtown, p=vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət), also known as just Novgorod (), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the ol ...

. On his way to Kiev, he marches against the forces of his brother

Yaropolk I Yaropolk may refer to *Yaropolk I of Kiev Yaropolk I Sviatoslavich (Old East Slavic: Ꙗрополкъ Свѧтославичъ, transliterated as ''Iaropolk Svyatoslavich''; Russian: ; Ukrainian: Ярополк I Святославич; 952 � ...

England

* March 18 – King

Edward II Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also called Edward of Caernarfon, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. The fourth son of Edward I, Edward became the heir apparent to t ...

(the Martyr) is murdered at Corfe Castle ( Dorsetshire) upon the orders of his step-mother Ælfthryth (or Elfrida). He is succeeded by his half-brother Æthelred II (the Unready) who becomes king of England. During his reign Æthelred tries to keep his realm from being overrun by

Danish Danish may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark People * A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark * Culture of Denmark * Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish ance ...

Viking invaders. * English troops are deployed on the Llŷn Peninsula on behalf of King Hywel of

Gwynedd Gwynedd (; ) is a county and preserved county (latter with differing boundaries; includes the Isle of Anglesey) in the north-west of Wales. It shares borders with Powys, Conwy County Borough, Denbighshire, Anglesey over the Menai Strait, and C ...

in order to prevent his uncle, King Iago, invading with Viking allies from Dublin. * The town of

Guildford Guildford () is a town in west Surrey, around southwest of central London. As of the 2011 census, the town has a population of about 77,000 and is the seat of the wider Borough of Guildford, which had around inhabitants in . The name "Guildf ...

(

Surrey Surrey () is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in South East England, bordering Greater London to the south west. Surrey has a large rural area, and several significant urban areas which form part of the Greater London Built-up Area. ...

) becomes the location of the

Royal Mint The Royal Mint is the United Kingdom's oldest company and the official maker of British coins. Operating under the legal name The Royal Mint Limited, it is a limited company that is wholly owned by His Majesty's Treasury and is under an exclus ...

China

* June 9 – King Qian Chu surrenders his territories and pledges allegiance to the Song Dynasty, saving his people from war and economic destruction. Qian Chu remains ruler and moves 3,000 members of his household to Bianjing (modern-day Kaifeng).

Wuyue Wuyue (; ), 907–978, was an independent coastal kingdom founded during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–960) of Chinese history. It was ruled by the Haiyan Qian clan (海盐钱氏), whose family name remains widespread in t ...

is absorbed into the Song Dynasty, effectively ending the kingdom.

By topic

Literature

* One of the Four Great Books of Song, the '' Taiping Guangji'', a Chinese collection of

deities A deity or god is a supernatural being who is considered divine or sacred. The ''Oxford Dictionary of English'' defines deity as a god or goddess, or anything revered as divine. C. Scott Littleton defines a deity as "a being with powers greate ...

fairies A fairy (also fay, fae, fey, fair folk, or faerie) is a type of mythical being or legendary creature found in the folklore of multiple European cultures (including Celtic, Slavic, Germanic, English, and French folklore), a form of spirit, o ...

ghost stories A ghost story is any piece of fiction, or drama, that includes a ghost, or simply takes as a premise the possibility of ghosts or characters' belief in them."Ghost Stories" in Margaret Drabble (ed.), ''Oxford Companion to English Literature''. ...

and theology, is completed. The collection is divided into 500 volumes and consists of about 3 million Chinese characters.

Religion

* The Badia Fiorentina, a Benedictine abbey in Florence, is founded by

Willa of Tuscany Willa, known as ''Willa of Tuscany'' (911/912–970), was a medieval noblewoman. By birth, she was a member of the Bosonid noble dynasty. By marriage to Berengar II of Italy she was Countess of Ivrea from 930 to 963, and queen consort of Italy fro ...

, the widow of Hubert of Tuscany.

Births

* Berno of Reichenau, German abbot (approximate date) * Elvira of Castile, queen consort of León (approximate date) * Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, Moorish judge and scholar (d.

1071 Year 1071 ( MLXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * August 26 – Battle of Manzikert: The Byzantine army (35,000 men) under Em ...

) * Murasaki Shikibu, Japanese poet and

lady-in-waiting A lady-in-waiting or court lady is a female personal assistant at a court, attending on a royal woman or a high-ranking noblewoman. Historically, in Europe, a lady-in-waiting was often a noblewoman but of lower rank than the woman to whom sh ...

(or 973) *

Wang Zeng Wang Zeng ( 978 – 21 December 1038, courtesy name Xiaoxian) was a Song dynasty scholar-official who served as grand councilor during Emperor Renzong's early reign, first between 1022 and 1029, and later between 1035 and 1037. Wang was widely ...

, Chinese

grand chancellor Chancellor ( la, cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the or lattice work screens of a basilica or law co ...

(approximate date) * Yaroslav I (the Wise), Russian grand prince (d.

1054 Year 1054 ( MLIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Sultan Tughril leads a large Seljuk army out of Azerbaijan into Armenia, possib ...

) * Zoë, Byzantine empress consort (approximate date)

Deaths

* February 9 – Luitgarde, duchess consort of Normandy * February 22 –

Lambert Lambert may refer to People *Lambert (name), a given name and surname * Lambert, Bishop of Ostia (c. 1036–1130), became Pope Honorius II *Lambert, Margrave of Tuscany ( fl. 929–931), also count and duke of Lucca *Lambert (pianist), stage-name ...

, count of

Chalon Chalon may refer to: Culture * Chalon people, a Native American tribe of California * Chalon language, an Ohlone language spoken by the Chalon people Places * Chalon, Isère, formerly Châlons, in France's Isère ''département'' * Le Chalon, in ...

(b.

930 Year 930 ( CMXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * 17 June (traditional date) – The Althing, the parliament of Iceland, is established at ...

) * March 18 –

(Martyr), king of England *

May 18 Events Pre-1600 * 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople. * 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of 4 ...

– Frederick I, duke of Upper Lorraine * August 15 – Li Yu, ruler ('king') of Southern Tang * December 3 – Abraham, Coptic pope of Alexandria * ''unknown date'' **

Aboazar Lovesendes Aboazar Lovesendes (died after 978) was a lord (''domno'') in the County of Portugal in the Kingdom of León in the middle decades of the tenth century. He is the ancestor of the lords of Maia.{{sfn, Almeida Fernandes, 2001, pp=77–79 Aboazar's ...

, Portuguese nobleman **

Comhaltan Ua Clerigh Comhaltan Ua Clerigh was King of Uí Fiachrach Aidhne, fl. 964/966-978. ''Sub anno'' 966, the Chronicon Scotorum states: A defeat was inflicted on ua Ruairc in Boirenn of Corcu Mruad by Comaltán grandson of Cléirech and by Mael Sechnaill so ...

, king of

Hy Fiachrach Hy is a dialect of the Lisp programming language designed to interact with Python by translating s-expressions into Python's abstract syntax tree (AST). Hy was introduced at Python Conference (PyCon) 2013 by Paul Tagliamonte. Lisp allows o ...

( Ireland) **

Fernando Ansúrez II Fernando Ansúrez II (died 978, shortly after 23 April) was the Count of Monzón, Peñafiel, and Campos from 950 and one of the most powerful noblemen of his generation in the Kingdom of León. He was the eldest son of Ansur Fernández and names ...

, count of Monzón and Campos ** Fernando Bermúdez, count of Cea (approximate date) **

Geirmund the Noisy Geirmund is a given name. Notable people with the given name include: *Geirmund Brendesæter Geirmund "Geddi" Brendesæter (born 22 March 1970) is a Norwegian former professional football defender. Club career Brendesæter played 13 seasons f ...

, Viking adventurer (approximate date) ** Gyeongsun, king of Silla ( Korea) (b. 896) ** Ibn Hawqal, Muslim Arab geographer ** Lashkari ibn Muhammad, Shaddadid emir **

Máel Muad mac Brain Máel Muad mac Brain (died 978), commonly anglicised Molloy, was King of Munster, first possibly from 959 Green, p. 362 or alternatively 963 to around 970, when he may have been deposed (usurped) by Mathgamain mac Cennétig of the Dál gCais, and ...

, king of

Munster Munster ( gle, an Mhumhain or ) is one of the provinces of Ireland, in the south of Ireland. In early Ireland, the Kingdom of Munster was one of the kingdoms of Gaelic Ireland ruled by a "king of over-kings" ( ga, rí ruirech). Following the ...

(Ireland) ** Rogvolod, prince of Polotsk (approximate date) **

Yang Guangmei Yang Mei (楊美) ( 931 – 978), named Yang Guangmei (楊光美) before 976, was a general in ancient China, first in the Later Zhou military and later in the Northern Song military. Biography Yang Guangmei first followed general Guo Wei und ...

, Chinese general (approximate date)

References

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