Year 951 ( CMLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe

* King Berengar II of Italy seizes Liguria, with help from the feudal lord Oberto I. He reorganizes the territories south of the

Po River The Po ( , ; la, Padus or ; Ligurian language (ancient), Ancient Ligurian: or ) is the longest river in Italy. It flows eastward across northern Italy starting from the Cottian Alps. The river's length is either or , if the Maira (river), Mair ...

, dividing them into three new marches (frontier districts), named after their respective margraves: the ''

Marca Aleramica The March (also ''margraviate'' or ''marquisate'') of Montferrat was a frontier march of the Kingdom of Italy during the Middle Ages and a state of the Holy Roman Empire. The margraviate was raised to become the Duchy of Montferrat in 1574. O ...

'', the ''

Marca Arduinica The March or Marquisate of Turin ( it, marca di Torino) was a territory of Kingdom of Italy (HRE), medieval Italy from the mid-10th century, when it was established as the Arduinic March ( la, marca Arduinica). It comprised several counties in Pie ...

'', and the '' Marca Obertenga''. The last division consists of

Lombardy Lombardy ( it, Lombardia, Lombard language, Lombard: ''Lombardia'' or ''Lumbardia' '') is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in the northern-central part of the country and has a population of about 10 ...

with the cities of Genoa, Luni,

Tortona Tortona (; pms, Torton-a , ; lat, Dhertona) is a ''comune'' of Piemonte, in the Province of Alessandria, Italy. Tortona is sited on the right bank of the Scrivia between the plain of Marengo and the foothills of the Ligurian Apennines. History ...

, Parma, and Piacenza. Berengar forces Adelaide, the widow of

Lothair II Lothair II (835 – 8 August 869) was the king of Lotharingia from 855 until his death. He was the second son of Emperor Lothair I and Ermengarde of Tours. He was married to Teutberga (died 875), daughter of Boso the Elder. Reign For political ...

, to marry his son

Adalbert Adalbert is a German given name which means "noble bright" or "noble shining", derived from the words ''adal'' (meaning noble) and ''berht'' (shining or bright). Alternative spellings include Adelbart, Adelbert and Adalberto. Derivative names inclu ...

. However, she fiercely refuses and Berengar has her imprisoned at Garda Castle. With the help of Count Adalbert Atto of Canossa Adelaide manages to escape. * Fall – King Otto I crosses the

Brenner Pass The Brenner Pass (german: link=no, Brennerpass , shortly ; it, Passo del Brennero ) is a mountain pass through the Alps which forms the border between Italy and Austria. It is one of the principal passes of the Eastern Alpine range and has ...

and takes his army into Italy. He is accompanied by his brothers, Henry I (duke of Bavaria), Bruno I, and Conrad the Red (duke of Lotharingia). Otto faces no opposition and they arrive in Pavia. Berengar II has departed the day before and entrenched himself in San Marino. Otto receives the homage of the Italian nobility, marries Adelaide, and declares himself '' King of the Lombards''. * Otto I dispatches an embassy to Rome to apply for an imperial coronation with Pope

Agapetus II Pope Agapetus II (died 8 November 955) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 10 May 946 to his death. A nominee of the princeps of Rome, Alberic II of Spoleto, his pontificate occurred during the period known as the ''Saeculu ...

– but Prince

Alberic II Alberic II (912–954) was ruler of Rome from 932 to 954, after deposing his mother Marozia and his stepfather, King Hugh of Italy. He was of the house of the counts of Tusculum, the son of Marozia by her first husband, Duke Alberic I of Spoleto ...

makes it clear that this is not possible (afraid of Otto's growing power), and opposes the request.Timothy Reuter (1999). ''The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III'', p. 250. .

China

* February 9 – The

Northern Han The Northern Han () was a dynastic state of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It was founded by Liu Min (), formerly known as Liu Chong (), and lasted from 951 to 979. Founding of the Northern Han The short-lived state of Later Ha ...

Kingdom is founded by

Liu Chong Liu Min (劉旻) ( 895 – 954), named Liu Chong (劉崇) before 951,, also known Emperor Shizu of Northern Han by his temple name '' Shizu'' (世祖), was the founding emperor of the Northern Han state during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms ...

(called Shizu) in modern-day

Shanxi Shanxi (; ; formerly romanised as Shansi) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the North China region. The capital and largest city of the province is Taiyuan, while its next most populated prefecture-lev ...

who restores the diplomatic relations with the Khitans. Northern Han becomes a protectorate of the Liao Dynasty. *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...

–

Guo Wei Guo Wei () (10 September 904 – 22 February 954According to Guo Wei's biography in "Old Histories of the Five Dynasties", he died between 9am and 11 am on the ''renchen'' day of the 1st month of the 1st year of the ''Xiande'' era of his reign ...

, a court official, leads a military coup and declares himself emperor of the new Later Zhou. The 19-year-old Emperor Liu Chengyou is killed after a 3-year reign, ending the short-lived

Later Han Later Han (後漢) may refer to two dynastic states in imperial China: *Eastern Han (25–220), the second period of the Han dynasty, also called Later Han * Later Han (947–951), a dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period See al ...

. * Emperor Shi Zong successfully repels a Chinese advance from the south. In October he is killed by a rebellious nephew after a three year reign. Shi Zong is succeeded by his uncle Mu Zong as ruler of the Liao Dynasty. * November 16 – Emperor Li Jing sends a Southern Tang expeditionary force (10,000 men) under

Bian Hao Bian Hao (邊鎬), nickname Kangle (康樂), was a general of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Southern Tang. Early in his career, he distinguished himself in campaigns against the agrarian army leader Zhang Yuxian and aga ...

to conquer

Chu Chu or CHU may refer to: Chinese history * Chu (state) (c. 1030 BC–223 BC), a state during the Zhou dynasty * Western Chu (206 BC–202 BC), a state founded and ruled by Xiang Yu * Chu Kingdom (Han dynasty) (201 BC–70 AD), a kingdom of the Ha ...

. Li Jing removes the ruling family to his own capital in Nanjing, ending the Chu Kingdom. Africa *

Abd ar-Rahman III ʿAbd al-Rahmān ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥakam al-Rabdī ibn Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Dākhil () or ʿAbd al-Rahmān III (890 - 961), was the Umayyad Emir of Córdoba from 912 to 92 ...

consolidated his grip on North Africa by occupying Tangier in 951. *

signs a peace in 951 with the new king of León, Ordoño III, in order to have a free hand against the

Fatimids The Fatimid Caliphate was an Isma'ilism, Ismaili Shia Islam, Shi'a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries AD. Spanning a large area of North Africa, it ranged from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the ea ...

, whose ships are harassing the caliphal fleet in the Mediterranean and had even launched an assault against Almeria. Abd ar-Rahman's force, led by prime minister Ahmad ibn Said, besieges the Fatimid port of Tunis, which purchases its safety through a huge sum.

Births

Abu Talib Yahya Abu Talib Yahya (951 - 1033) was an imam of the Zaydiyyah sect in 1020–1033. Like his elder brother and predecessor al-Mu'ayyad Ahmad, Abu Talib Yahya was a prominent man of learning and a descendant of Imam Hasan bin Ali. He succeeded al-Mu'ay ...

, Muslim

imam Imam (; ar, إمام '; plural: ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, ser ...

of the Zaydiyyah sect (d.

1033 Year 1033 ( MXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (the wikilink will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Asia * December 5 Events Pre-1600 *63 BC – Cicero gives the fourth and final o ...

) * Gaston II Centule, viscount of

Béarn The Béarn (; ; oc, Bearn or ''Biarn''; eu, Bearno or ''Biarno''; or ''Bearnia'') is one of the traditional provinces of France, located in the Pyrenees mountains and in the plain at their feet, in southwest France. Along with the three Bas ...

(approximate date) * Gregory of Narek, Armenian monk and theologian (d.

1003 Year 1003 ( MIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * February 9 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Duke Bol ...

) * Henry II (the Wrangler), duke of Bavaria (d. 995) *

Ibn al-Kattani Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn al-Husayn Ibn al-Kattani al-Madhiji () (951–1029), sometimes nicknamed "al-Mutatabbib" (the physician), was a well-known Arab scholar, philosopher, physician, astrologer, man of letters, and poet. Born in Córdoba i ...

, Moorish scholar and physician (d.

1029 Year 1029 ( MXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Prince Pandulf IV of Capua becomes the ''de facto'' ruler of southern Italy – holding ...

) *

Liu Chenggui Liu Chengbei (, 951–1016) was a Chinese government official of the Song Dynasty The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song foll ...

, official of the Song Dynasty (d.

1016 Year 1016 ( MXVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * March 25 – Battle of Nesjar (off the coast of Norway): Olaf Haraldsson is victorious ov ...

) *

Romuald Romuald ( la, Romualdus; 951 – traditionally 19 June, c. 1025/27 AD) was the founder of the Camaldolese order and a major figure in the eleventh-century "Renaissance of eremitical asceticism".John Howe, "The Awesome Hermit: The Symbolic ...

, founder of the

Camaldolese The Camaldolese Hermits of Mount Corona ( la, Congregatio Eremitarum Camaldulensium Montis Coronae), commonly called Camaldolese is a monastic order of Pontifical Right for men founded by Saint Romuald. Their name is derived from the Holy Hermita ...

order (approximate date) *

Sidi Mahrez Sidi Mahrez ben Khalaf or Abu Mohamed Mahrez ben Khalaf ben Zayn ( ar, سيدي محرز بن خلف; 951–1022) was a Tunisian Wali, scholar of the Maliki school of jurisprudence and a Qadi. He is considered to be the patron-saint of the city of ...

, Muslim scholar and 'protector' ('' wali'') (d.

1022 The year 1022 ( MXXII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Spring – Battle of Svindax: The Byzantine army under Emperor Basil II d ...

) *

Zhao Dezhao Zhao Dezhao (趙德昭) (951 – 26 August 979) was an imperial prince of the Chinese Song Dynasty. Officially the Prince Yi of Yan (燕懿王), he was the second son of Emperor Taizu and the crown prince since his elder brother died young. ...

(Yi of Yan), prince of the Song Dynasty (d. 979)

Deaths

* January 1 –

Ramiro II Ramiro II may refer to: * Ramiro II of León (died 951) * Ramiro II of Aragon (died 1157) {{hndis ...

, king of León and

Galicia Galicia may refer to: Geographic regions * Galicia (Spain), a region and autonomous community of northwestern Spain ** Gallaecia, a Roman province ** The post-Roman Kingdom of the Suebi, also called the Kingdom of Gallaecia ** The medieval King ...

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empi ...

** Liu Chengyou, emperor of

(b. 931) **

Su Fengji Su Fengji (蘇逢吉) (died January 2, 951''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 289.Academia Sinica Chinese-West ...

, Chinese official and

chancellor Chancellor ( la, cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the or lattice work screens of a basilica or law cou ...

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...

–

Ma Xiguang Ma Xiguang (; died 25 January 951), courtesy name Depi (德丕), was the fourth ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Chu. Background It is not known when Ma Xiguang was born. He was Chu's founder Ma Yin (King Wu ...

, ruler of

( Ten Kingdoms) *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. * 13 ...

– Liu Yun, Chinese governor ('' jiedushi'') *

March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. * 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...

– Ælfheah the Bald, bishop of

Winchester Winchester is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city in Hampshire, England. The city lies at the heart of the wider City of Winchester, a local government Districts of England, district, at the western end of the South Downs Nation ...

* June 7 –

Lu Wenji Lu Wenji (盧文紀) (876'' Old History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 127.-June 7, 951 Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter), courtesy name Zichi (子持), was an official of each of the "Five Dynasties" of the Chinese Five Dynastie ...

, Chinese chancellor (b.

876 __NOTOC__ Year 876 ( DCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * At the invitation of Benevento, the newly-restored Byzantine fleet appe ...

) * June 8 –

Zhao Ying Zhao Ying (; 885 – June 8, 951''Old History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 89.''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 290.), courtesy name Yuanhui (), was a Chinese historian, military general, and politician of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms per ...

, Chinese chancellor (b.

885 Year 885 (Roman numerals, DCCCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Summer – Emperor Charles the Fat summons a meeting of officials at ...

) * October 7 ** Shi Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (b.

919 __NOTOC__ Year 919 ( CMXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By Place Byzantine Empire * March 25 – Romanos Lekapenos, admiral (''droungarios'') of the ...

) ** Xiao, Chinese Khitan empress dowager ** Zhen, Chinese Khitan empress consort * October 8 – Xiao Sagezhi, Chinese Khitan empress *

Cadwgan ab Owain Cadwgan ab Owain (died 951) was a joint king of Glywysing in Wales of the High Middle Ages along with his brother Gruffydd.Charles-Edwards, T. ''Wales and the Britons, 350–1064'', pp517537 Oxford Univ. Press, 2012. Accessed 20 Feb 2013. His ot ...

, king of Glywysing ( Wales) *

Cennétig mac Lorcáin Cennétig mac Lorcáin (died 951), was a prominent king of the Dál gCais (or "Dalcassians") and king of Tuadmumu. He raised the dynasty in power, from regional vassals of the kings of Munster, to challenging for the kingship himself. He was t ...

, king of

Tuadmumu Thomond ( Classical Irish: ; Modern Irish: ), also known as the kingdom of Limerick, was a kingdom of Gaelic Ireland, associated geographically with present-day County Clare and County Limerick, as well as parts of County Tipperary around Nen ...

( Ireland) *

Gofraid mac Sitriuc Gofraid mac Sitriuc (died 951), in Old Norse Guðrøðr Sigtryggsson , was King of Dublin. He was the son of Sihtric ua Ímair and a great-grandson of Ímar, founder of the Uí Ímair kindred which dominated much of the Norse-Gael and Scandinavi ...

, Viking king of Dublin (Ireland) *

Wang Chuhui Wang Chuhui (王處回) (died 951), courtesy name Yaxian (亞賢), was an official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period Later Tang and Later Shu states, serving as the chief of staff (''Shumishi'') for both emperors of Later Shu, Me ...

, Chinese chief of staff ('' shumishi'') * Wang Yanzheng, emperor of Min (approximate date)

References

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