__NOTOC__ Year 869 ( DCCCLXIX) was a

common year starting on Saturday A common year starting on Saturday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Saturday, 1 January, and ends on Saturday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is B. The current year, 2022, is a common year starting on Saturd ...

(link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

* Summer – Emperor Basil I allies with the Frankish emperor Louis II against the Saracens. He sends a Byzantine fleet of 400 ships (according to the '' Annales Bertiniani''), under the command of Admiral

Niketas Ooryphas Niketas Oryphas or Oöryphas ( el, or , fl. 860–873). was a distinguished Byzantine official, '' patrikios'',. and admiral under the Byzantine emperors Michael III (r. 842–867) and Basil I the Macedonian (r. 867–886), who achieved sever ...

, to support Louis (who is besieging the city port of

Bari Bari ( , ; nap, label= Barese, Bare ; lat, Barium) is the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Bari and of the Apulia region, on the Adriatic Sea, southern Italy. It is the second most important economic centre of mainland Southern Italy a ...

) and to clear the Adriatic Sea of

Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...

raiders. * The Hagia Sophia Basilica ( church) in Constantinople suffers great damage during an earthquake, which makes the eastern half-dome collapse. Basil I orders it to be repaired.

Europe

* August 8 –

Lothair II Lothair II (835 – 8 August 869) was the king of Lotharingia from 855 until his death. He was the second son of Emperor Lothair I and Ermengarde of Tours. He was married to Teutberga (died 875), daughter of Boso the Elder. Reign For political ...

, King of Middle Francia ( Lotharingia), dies at Piacenza, on his way home from meeting Pope Adrian II at Rome, to get assent for a divorce. Lotharingia is subsequently divided between Lothair's uncles, Charles the Bald of France and Louis the German.

Britain

* The

Danes Danes ( da, danskere, ) are a North Germanic ethnic group and nationality native to Denmark and a modern nation identified with the country of Denmark. This connection may be ancestral, legal, historical, or cultural. Danes generally regard t ...

, led by Viking chieftain Ivar the Boneless, 'make peace' with the Mercians (by accepting Danegeld). Ivar leaves Nottingham on horseback, and returns to York. * Autumn –The Great Heathen Army, led by Ivar the Boneless and Ubba, invades

East Anglia East Anglia is an area in the East of England, often defined as including the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire. The name derives from the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the East Angles, a people whose name originated in Anglia, in ...

, and plunders Peterborough. The Vikings take up winter quarters at Thetford. * November 20 – King

Edmund the Martyr Edmund the Martyr (also known as St Edmund or Edmund of East Anglia, died 20 November 869) was king of East Anglia from about 855 until his death. Few historical facts about Edmund are known, as the kingdom of East Anglia was devastated by t ...

and his East Anglian army are destroyed by the Vikings. He is captured, tortured, beaten and used as

archery Archery is the sport, practice, or skill of using a bow to shoot arrows.Paterson ''Encyclopaedia of Archery'' p. 17 The word comes from the Latin ''arcus'', meaning bow. Historically, archery has been used for hunting and combat. In m ...

practice.

Arabian Empire

* The Zanj Rebellion: The Zanj (black

slaves Slavery and enslavement are both the state and the condition of being a slave—someone forbidden to quit one's service for an enslaver, and who is treated by the enslaver as property. Slavery typically involves slaves being made to perf ...

from

East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territories make up Eastern Africa: Due to the historical ...

), provoked by mercilessly harsh labor conditions in salt flats, and on the sugar and cotton plantations of southwestern Persia, revolt. * Summer – Caliph Al-Mu'tazz is murdered by mutinous Muslim troops, after a 3-year reign. He is succeeded by Al-Muhtadi (a grandson of the late Al-Mu'tasim), as ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate.

Japan

July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...

– The 869 Sanriku earthquake and associated tsunami devastate a large part of the Sanriku coast on the northeastern side of the island of Honshu. * The first Gion Festival is held in order to combat an epidemic thought to be caused by an angry deity.

Mesoamerica

* The last monument ever erected at Tikal, Stela 11, is dedicated by ruler ('' ajaw'')

Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil II Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil IIThe ruler's name, when transcribed is ja-sa-wa-CHAN KʼAWI꞉L, translated "Kʼawiil that Clears? the Sky", Martin & Grube 2008, p. 52. also known as Stela 11 Ruler, ( fl. 869), was an ''ajaw'' of the Maya city of Tikal. He ru ...

By topic

Religion

* October 5 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople, called by Basil I and Pope Adrian II, opens. The council will condemn Photius I and depose him as patriarch, reinstating his predecessor Ignatios.

Births

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empi ...

– Yōzei, emperor of

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

(d. 949) * Gung Ye, king of Hu Goguryeo (approximate date) *

Muhammad al-Mahdi Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mahdī ( ar, محمد بن الحسن المهدي) is believed by the Twelver Shia to be the last of the Twelve Imams and the eschatological Mahdi, who will emerge in the end of time to establish peace and justic ...

, Muslim Twelver Shī‘ah Imām

Deaths

February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...

– Cyril, Byzantine missionary and bishop * August 8 –

, king of Lotharingia (b. 835) * September 8 – Ahmad ibn Isra'il al-Anbari, Muslim vizier * September 18 – Wenilo, Frankish

archbishop In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdi ...

* October 14 – Pang Xun, Chinese rebel leader * November 20 (or 870) –

, king of

* Al-Darimi, Muslim scholar and

imam Imam (; ar, إمام '; plural: ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, ser ...

* Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi, Muslim jurist (approximate date) * Al-Jahiz, Afro-Muslim scholar and writer (or 868) * Al-Mu'tazz, Muslim caliph (b. 847) * Dongshan Liangjie, Chinese Buddhist teacher (b. 807) * Dúnlaing mac Muiredaig, king of Leinster ( Ireland) * Ermentrude of Orléans, queen of the Franks (b. 823) * Gundachar, count (or margrave) of

Carinthia Carinthia (german: Kärnten ; sl, Koroška ) is the southernmost States of Austria, Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The main language is German language, German. Its regional dialects belong to t ...

* Leuthard II, Frankish count (or 858) *

Rothad of Soissons Rothad of Soissons (died 869) was the Bishop of Soissons. In a conflict of authority with Hincmar of Reims, he was deposed as bishop in 862/3, by the Synod of Soissons. The issue was whether Rothad, suffragan bishop to Hincmar, had the legal right t ...

, Frankish bishop *

Shapur ibn Sahl Sābūr ibn Sahl (; d. 869 CE) was a 9th-century Persian Christian physician from the Academy of Gundishapur. Among other medical works, he wrote one of the first medical books on antidotes called ''Aqrabadhin'' (), which was divided into 22 volum ...

, Persian physician *

Solomon Solomon (; , ),, ; ar, سُلَيْمَان, ', , ; el, Σολομών, ; la, Salomon also called Jedidiah (Hebrew language, Hebrew: , Modern Hebrew, Modern: , Tiberian Hebrew, Tiberian: ''Yăḏīḏăyāh'', "beloved of Yahweh, Yah"), ...

, Frankish count (approximate date) * Yu Xuanji, Chinese poet (or 868)

References

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