855 Newcombia

855 Newcombia ('' prov. designation:'' ''or'' ) is a stony background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 3 April 1916, by astronomer Sergey Belyavsky at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The S-type asteroid has a notably short rotation period of 3.0 hours and measures approximately in diameter. It was named after Canadian–American astronomer Simon Newcomb (1835–1909).

Orbit and classification

''Newcombia'' is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.8  AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,326 days; semi-major axis of 2.36 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 11 ° with respect to the ecliptic.

Discovery

''Newcombia'' was discovered by Soviet-Russian astronomer Sergey Belyavsky at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula on 3 April 1916. The body's observation arc begins three weeks later, with its independent discovery by Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory on 28 April 2016. The Minor Planet Center, however, only credits the first discoverer.

Naming

This minor planet was named after Simon Newcomb (1835–1909), a Canadian–American professor of astronomy and director of the U.S. Nautical Almanac Office at the United States Naval Observatory. He worked on cometary and planetary orbits and is known for his '' Tables of the Motion of the Earth on its Axis and Around the Sun'', a mathematical development of the position of the Earth in the Solar System. Newcomb also measured the speed of light and revised the astronomical unit. The was mentioned in ''The Names of the Minor Planets'' by Paul Herget in 1955 (). The lunar crater ''Newcomb'' as well as the Martian crater ''Newcomb'' were also named in his honor.

Physical characteristics

In the SDSS-based taxonomy, ''Newcombia'' is a common, stony S-type asteroid.

Rotation period

In October 2004, a rotational lightcurve of ''Newcombia'' was obtained from photometric observations by American amateur astronomer Walter R. Cooney Jr. in collaboration with John Gross, Dirk Terrell, Vishnu Reddy and Ron Dyvig. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of hours with a brightness variation of magnitude ().

An identical period of hours with an amplitude of magnitude was determined in April 2014, by Daniel Klinglesmith and colleagues at the Etscorn Observatory in New Mexico (). Klinglesmith also published a period of in November 2015 and January 2017 (). Two more lightcurves by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies gave a period of and hours with a brightness variation of and magnitude in March 2014 and September 2019, respectively ().

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), ''Newcombia'' measures () and () kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of () and (), respectively. The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes a standard albedo for a stony asteroid of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 13.58 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.7. Alternative mean-diameter measurements published by the WISE team include () and () with corresponding albedos of () and ().

Notes

References

External links

Lightcurve Database Query
(LCDB), at ''www.minorplanet.info''

Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
Google books


– ''Geneva Observatory'', Raoul Behrend

Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)
– Minor Planet Center
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000855
Discoveries by Sergei Belyavsky
Named minor planets
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