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The 73th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 73rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 73rd OVI) was an
infantry Infantry is a military specialization which engages in ground combat on foot. Infantry generally consists of light infantry, mountain infantry, motorized infantry & mechanized infantry, airborne infantry, air assault infantry, and marine i ...
regiment A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, service and/or a specialisation. In Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of front-line soldiers, recruited or conscripted ...
in the
Union Army During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also known as the Federal Army and the Northern Army, referring to the United States Army, was the land force that fought to preserve the Union (American Civil War), Union of the collective U.S. st ...
during the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states th ...
.


Service

The 73rd Ohio Infantry was organized in
Chillicothe, Ohio Chillicothe ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Ross County, Ohio, United States. Located along the Scioto River 45 miles (72 km) south of Columbus, Chillicothe was the first and third capital of Ohio. It is the only city in Ross Count ...
and mustered in for three years service on December 30, 1861, under the command of
Colonel Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...
Orland Smith Orland Smith (May 2, 1825 – October 3, 1903) was a railroad executive and a brigade commander in the Union Army during the American Civil War. In 1863, he led a spirited bayonet charge during the Battle of Wauhatchie that took a significant ...
. The regiment was attached to Cheat Mountain, District Western Virginia, to March 1862. Schenck's Brigade, Department of the Mountains, to June 1862. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division,
I Corps I Corps, 1st Corps, or First Corps may refer to: France * 1st Army Corps (France) * I Cavalry Corps (Grande Armée), a cavalry unit of the Imperial French Army during the Napoleonic Wars * I Corps (Grande Armée), a unit of the Imperial French A ...
,
Army of Virginia The Army of Virginia was organized as a major unit of the Union Army and operated briefly and unsuccessfully in 1862 in the American Civil War. It should not be confused with its principal opponent, the Confederate Army of ''Northern'' Virginia ...
, to September 1862. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division,
XI Corps 11 Corps, 11th Corps, Eleventh Corps, or XI Corps may refer to: * 11th Army Corps (France) * XI Corps (Grande Armée), a unit of the Imperial French Army during the Napoleonic Wars * XI Corps (German Empire), a unit of the Imperial German Army * ...
,
Army of the Potomac The Army of the Potomac was the principal Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was created in July 1861 shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run and was disbanded in June 1865 following the surrender of the Confedera ...
, to October 1862. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XI Corps, Army of the Potomac, to October 1863, and
Army of the Cumberland The Army of the Cumberland was one of the principal Union armies in the Western Theater during the American Civil War. It was originally known as the Army of the Ohio. History The origin of the Army of the Cumberland dates back to the creation ...
, to April 1864. 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, XX Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to July 1865. The 73rd Ohio Infantry mustered out of service at
Louisville, Kentucky Louisville ( , , ) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 28th most-populous city in the United States. Louisville is the historical seat and, since 2003, the nominal seat of Jefferson County, on the Indiana border ...
, on July 20, 1865.


Detailed service

The 73rd OVI's detailed service is as follows (NOTE — Battles are ''Bolded, Italicized''; campaigns are ''Italicized''):


1862

* Duty at Camp Logan until January 24, 1862. * Moved to Grafton, Va., then to Fetterman January 24–26 * New Creek February 3. * Expedition to Romney, Va., February 6–7, 1862, * Moorefield February 12–16. * Moved to Clarksburg February 18, and duty there until March 20. * Moved to Weston, Va., March 20, and duty there until April 10. * Moved to Join Milroy at Monterey. * ''
Battle of McDowell The Battle of McDowell, also known as the Battle of Sitlington's Hill, was fought on May 8, 1862, near McDowell, Virginia, as part of Confederate Major General Stonewall Jackson's 1862 Shenandoah Valley campaign during the American Civil Wa ...
'' May 8. * Woodstock June 2. * Mt. Jackson June 3. * New Market June 4. * Harrisonburg June 6. * ''
Battle of Cross Keys The Battle of Cross Keys was fought on June 8, 1862, in Rockingham County, Virginia, as part of Confederate Army Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's campaign through the Shenandoah Valley during the American Civil War. Together, the batt ...
'' June 8. * At Middletown until July 7, and at Sperryville until August 8. * Expedition to Madison Court House July 16–19. * ''Pope's Campaign in Northern Virginia'' August 16 to September 2. * ''Battle of Freeman's Ford'' August 22. * ''
Battle of Second Bull Run The Second Battle of Bull Run or Battle of Second Manassas was fought August 28–30, 1862, in Prince William County, Virginia, as part of the American Civil War. It was the culmination of the Northern Virginia Campaign waged by Confederat ...
'' August 29–30. * Duty In the defenses of Washington, D.C., until December. * Reconnaissance to Bristoe Station and Warrenton Junction September 25–28. * March to Fredericksburg, Va., December 12–16.


1863

* "Mud March" January 20–24, 1863. * At Falmouth until April 27. * ''
Chancellorsville Campaign The Battle of Chancellorsville, April 30 – May 6, 1863, was a major battle of the American Civil War (1861–1865), and the principal engagement of the Chancellorsville campaign. Chancellorsville is known as Lee's "perfect battle" because h ...
'' April 27 – May 6. * ''
Battle of Chancellorsville The Battle of Chancellorsville, April 30 – May 6, 1863, was a major battle of the American Civil War (1861–1865), and the principal engagement of the Chancellorsville campaign. Chancellorsville is known as Lee's "perfect battle" because h ...
'' May 1–5. * '' Gettysburg Campaign'' June 11 – July 24. * ''
Battle of Gettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg () was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. In the battle, Union Major General George Meade's Army of the Po ...
'' July 1–3. * Pursuit of Lee to Manassas Gap, Va., July 5–24. * Camp at Bristoe until September 24. * Moved to Bridgeport, Ala., September 24 – October 3. * Duty at Bridgeport and Stevenson, Ala., until October 24. * ''Reopening Tennessee River'' October 24–29. * ''
Battle of Wauhatchie The Battle of Wauhatchie was fought October 28–29, 1863, in Hamilton and Marion counties, Tennessee, and Dade County, Georgia, in the American Civil War. A Union force had seized Brown's Ferry on the Tennessee River, opening a supply line ...
'', Tenn., October 28–29. * ''
Chattanooga-Ringgold Campaign The Chattanooga campaign was a series of maneuvers and battles in October and November 1863, during the American Civil War. Following the defeat of Major general (United States), Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans's Union Army, Union Army of the C ...
'' November 23–27. * Orchard Knob November 23. * Tunnel Hill November 24–25. * ''
Battle of Missionary Ridge The Battle of Missionary Ridge was fought on November 25, 1863, as part of the Chattanooga Campaign of the American Civil War. Following the Union victory in the Battle of Lookout Mountain on November 24, Union forces in the Military Division of ...
'' November 25. * March to relief of Knoxville, Tenn., November 28 – December 17.


1864

* Regiment reenlisted January 1, 1864, and veterans on furlough until March. * '' Atlanta Campaign'' May 1 – September 8. * Demonstrations on Rocky Faced Ridge May 8–11. * Buzzard's Roost Gap May 8–9. * ''
Battle of Resaca The Battle of Resaca, from May 13 to 15, 1864, formed part of the Atlanta Campaign during the American Civil War, when a Union force under William Tecumseh Sherman engaged the Confederate Army of Tennessee led by Joseph E. Johnston. The battle ...
'' May 14–15. * Cassville May 19. * ''
Battle of New Hope Church The Battle of New Hope Church (May 25–26, 1864) was a clash between the Union Army under Major general (United States), Major General William T. Sherman and the Confederate States Army, Confederate Army of Tennessee led by General (CSA), Gene ...
'' May 25. * Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church, and Allatoona Hills May 25 – June 5. * ''Operations about Marietta and Kennesaw Mountain'' June 10 – July 2. * Pine Hill June 11–14. * Lost Mountain June 15–17. * Gilgal or Golgotha Church June 15. * Muddy Creek June 17. * Noyes Creek June 19. * Kolb's Farm June 22. * ''
Battle of Kennesaw Mountain The Battle of Kennesaw Mountain was fought on June 27, 1864, during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War. It was the most significant frontal assault launched by Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman against the Confederate Army of Tennes ...
'' June 27. * Ruff's Station July 4. * Chattahoochee River July 5–17. * ''
Battle of Peachtree Creek The Battle of Peachtree Creek was fought in Georgia on July 20, 1864, as part of the Atlanta Campaign in the American Civil War. It was the first major attack by Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood since taking command of the Confederate Army of Tennessee. ...
'' July 19–20. * '' Siege of Atlanta'' July 22 – August 25. * Operations at Chattahoochie River Bridge August 26 – September 2. * Occupation of Atlanta September 2 – November 15. * '' March to the Sea'' November 15. * ''
Siege of Savannah The siege of Savannah or the Second Battle of Savannah was an encounter of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) in 1779. The year before, the city of Savannah, Georgia, had been captured by a British expeditionary corps under Lieutenan ...
'' December 10–21.


1865

* ''
Campaign of the Carolinas The campaign of the Carolinas (January 1 – April 26, 1865), also known as the Carolinas campaign, was the final campaign conducted by the United States Army (Union Army) against the Confederate States Army in the Western Theater. On January 1 ...
'' January to April 1865. * Lawtonville, S.C., February 2. * Reconnaissance on Goldsboro Road, N.C., March 14. * Taylor's Hole Creek, '' Battle of Averysboro'', March 16. * ''
Battle of Bentonville The Battle of Bentonville (March 19–21, 1865) was fought in Johnston County, North Carolina, near the village of Bentonville, as part of the Western Theater of the American Civil War. It was the last battle between the armies of Union Maj. ...
'' March 19–21. * Occupation of Goldsboro March 24. * Advance on Raleigh April 10–14. * Occupation of Raleigh April 14. * Bennett's House April 26. * Surrender of Johnston and his army. * March to Washington, D.C., via Richmond, Va., April 29 – May 20. *
Grand Review of the Armies The Grand Review of the Armies was a military procession and celebration in the national capital city of Washington, D.C., on May 23–24, 1865, following the Union victory in the American Civil War (1861–1865). Elements of the Union Army in the ...
May 24. * Moved to Louisville, Ky., June and duty there until July.


Casualties

The regiment lost a total of 321 men during service; 4 officers and 167 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 149 enlisted men died of disease.


Commanders

* Colonel
Orland Smith Orland Smith (May 2, 1825 – October 3, 1903) was a railroad executive and a brigade commander in the Union Army during the American Civil War. In 1863, he led a spirited bayonet charge during the Battle of Wauhatchie that took a significant ...
- resigned February 17, 1864 *
Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant colonel ( , ) is a rank of commissioned officers in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel. Several police forces in the United States use the rank of lieutenant colone ...
Richard Long – commanded at Battle of McDowell as
major Major (commandant in certain jurisdictions) is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicators ...
; commanded at Battle of Gettysburg * Colonel Samuel H. Hurst – commanded during Chattanooga Campaign


Notable members

* Musician Richard Enderlin, Company B –
Medal of Honor The Medal of Honor (MOH) is the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration and is awarded to recognize American soldiers, sailors, marines, airmen, guardians and coast guardsmen who have distinguished themselves by acts of valor. ...
recipient for actions at the battle of Gettysburg, July 1–3, 1863 *George Nixon was the great grandfather of Richard Nixon and died from the wounds he received in the Battle of Gettysburg Pa. He is buried in the Ohio section of the National Cemetery. *Samuel R. Peters later served in the United States House from 1883 to 1891. He represented the 7th District in Kansas. *Archibald Lybrand Jr. later served as Mayor of Delaware, Ohio and the United States House from 1897 to 1901. He represented the 8th District in Ohio.


See also

*
List of Ohio Civil War units During the American Civil War, nearly 320,000 Ohioans served in the Union Army, more than any other Northern state except New York and Pennsylvania. Of these, 5,092 were free blacks. Ohio had the highest percentage of population enlisted in the ...
*
Ohio in the Civil War During the American Civil War, the State of Ohio played a key role in providing troops, military officers, and supplies to the Union army. Due to its central location in the Northern United States and burgeoning population, Ohio was both political ...


Notes


References

* * Hurst, Samuel H. ''Journal-History of the Seventy-Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry'' (Chillicothe, OH: S. H. Hurst), 1866. * * * * * * * * *


External links


Ohio in the Civil War: 73rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry by Larry Stevens

National flag of the 73rd Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry

73rd Ohio Infantry monument at Gettysburg
{{Ohio in the Civil War Military units and formations established in 1861 Military units and formations disestablished in 1865 Units and formations of the Union Army from Ohio 1861 establishments in Ohio