HOME

TheInfoList



OR:


Events


Pre-1600

*
AD 51 AD 51 ( LI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Scipio (or, less frequently, year 804 ''Ab urbe condita''). T ...
Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68), was the fifth Roman emperor and final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 unt ...
, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title ''
princeps iuventutis ''Princeps'' (plural: ''principes'') is a Latin word meaning "first in time or order; the first, foremost, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble; the first man, first person". As a title, ''princeps'' originated in the Roman Republic w ...
'' (head of the youth). *
306 __NOTOC__ Year 306 ( CCCVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantius and Valerius (or, less frequently, year 105 ...
Martyrdom A martyr (, ''mártys'', "witness", or , ''marturia'', stem , ''martyr-'') is someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce or advocate, a religious belief or other cause as demanded by an external ...
of Saint
Adrian of Nicomedia Adrian of Nicomedia (also known as Hadrian) or Saint Adrian ( el, Ἁδριανὸς Νικομηδείας, Adrianos Nikomēdeias, died 4 March 306) was a Herculian Guard of the Roman Emperor Galerius Maximian. After becoming a convert to Chri ...
. *
852 __NOTOC__ Year 852 ( DCCCLII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * March 4 – Trpimir I, duke ('' knez'') of Croatia, and founder of the ...
– Croatian Knez
Trpimir I Trpimir I (, la, Trepimerus/Trepimero) was a duke ( hr, knez) in Croatia from around 845 until his death in 864. He is considered the founder of the Trpimirović dynasty that ruled in Croatia, with interruptions, from around 845 until 1091. ...
issues a statute, a document with the first known written mention of the
Croats The Croats (; hr, Hrvati ) are a South Slavic ethnic group who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language. They are also a recognized minority in a number of neighboring countries, namely Austria, the Czech Republic, ...
name in Croatian sources. *
938 Year 938 ( CMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Summer – The Hungarian army invades Northern Italy with the permission of King ...
– Translation of the
relic In religion, a relic is an object or article of religious significance from the past. It usually consists of the physical remains of a saint or the personal effects of the saint or venerated person preserved for purposes of veneration as a tang ...
s of
martyr A martyr (, ''mártys'', "witness", or , ''marturia'', stem , ''martyr-'') is someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce or advocate, a religious belief or other cause as demanded by an external ...
Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia Wenceslaus I ( cs, Václav ; c. 907 – 28 September 935 or 929), Wenceslas I or ''Václav the Good'' was the Duke ('' kníže'') of Bohemia from 921 until his death, probably in 935. According to the legend, he was assassinated by his younger ...
, Prince of the
Czechs The Czechs ( cs, Češi, ; singular Czech, masculine: ''Čech'' , singular feminine: ''Češka'' ), or the Czech people (), are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, ...
. *
1152 Year 1152 ( MCLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Levant * Spring – King Baldwin III and his mother, Queen Melisende, are called to interven ...
Frederick I Barbarossa Frederick Barbarossa (December 1122 – 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick I (german: link=no, Friedrich I, it, Federico I), was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death 35 years later. He was elected King of Germany in Frankfurt o ...
is elected
King of Germany This is a list of monarchs who ruled over East Francia, and the Kingdom of Germany (''Regnum Teutonicum''), from the division of the Frankish Empire in 843 and the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 until the collapse of the German Emp ...
. *
1238 Year 1238 ( MCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Mongol Empire * January 15– 20 – Siege of Moscow: The Mongols under Batu Khan a ...
– The
Battle of the Sit River The Battle of the Sit River was fought in the northern part of the present-day Sonkovsky District of Tver Oblast of Russia, close to the selo of ''Bozhonka'', on March 4, 1238 between the Mongol Hordes of Batu Khan and the Rus' under Grand Pr ...
is fought in the northern part of the present-day
Yaroslavl Oblast Yaroslavl Oblast (russian: Яросла́вская о́бласть, ''Yaroslavskaya oblast'') is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast), which is located in the Central Federal District, surrounded by Tver Oblast, T ...
of Russia between the Mongol hordes of
Batu Khan Batu Khan ( – 1255),, ''Bat haan'', tt-Cyrl, Бату хан; ; russian: хан Баты́й was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi, thus a grandson of Genghis Khan. ...
and the Russians under
Yuri II Yuri II (russian: Ю́рий–II), also known as George II of Vladimir or Georgy II Vsevolodovich (26 November 11884 March 1238), was the fourth Grand Prince of Vladimir (1212–1216, 1218–1238) who presided over Vladimir-Suzda ...
of
Vladimir-Suzdal Vladimir-Suzdal (russian: Владимирско-Су́здальская, ''Vladimirsko-Suzdal'skaya''), also Vladimir-Suzdalian Rus', formally known as the Grand Duchy of Vladimir (1157–1331) (russian: Владимиро-Су́здальс ...
during the
Mongol invasion of Rus' The Mongol Empire invaded and conquered Kievan Rus' in the 13th century, destroying numerous southern cities, including the largest cities, Kiev (50,000 inhabitants) and Chernihiv (30,000 inhabitants), with the only major cities escaping dest ...
. *
1351 Year 1351 ( MCCCLI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 14 – Edward III of England institutes the Treason Act 1351, defining tr ...
Ramathibodi becomes
King of Siam The monarchy of Thailand (whose monarch is referred to as the king of Thailand; th, พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย, or historically, king of Siam; th, พระมหากษัตริย์สยาม) refers to the c ...
. *
1386 Year 1386 ( MCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * February 24 – Elizabeth of Bosnia, the mother of the overthrown Queen Mary of ...
Władysław II Jagiełło Jogaila (; 1 June 1434), later Władysław II Jagiełło ()He is known under a number of names: lt, Jogaila Algirdaitis; pl, Władysław II Jagiełło; be, Jahajła (Ягайла). See also: Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło. ...
(Jogaila) is crowned
King of Poland Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16t ...
. *
1461 Year 1461 ( MCDLXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * February 2 – Battle of Mortimer's Cross: Yorkist troops led by Edward, Duke o ...
Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses (1455–1487), known at the time and for more than a century after as the Civil Wars, were a series of civil wars fought over control of the English throne in the mid-to-late fifteenth century. These wars were fought be ...
in England: Lancastrian
King Henry VI Henry VI (6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. The only child of Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne a ...
is deposed by his
House of York The House of York was a cadet branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. Three of its members became kings of England in the late 15th century. The House of York descended in the male line from Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, t ...
cousin, who then becomes
King Edward IV Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, then again from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483. He was a central figure in the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars in England ...
. *
1493 Year 1493 ( MCDXCIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 19 – Treaty of Barcelona: Charles VIII of France returns Cerdagne ...
– Explorer
Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus * lij, Cristoffa C(or)ombo * es, link=no, Cristóbal Colón * pt, Cristóvão Colombo * ca, Cristòfor (or ) * la, Christophorus Columbus. (; born between 25 August and 31 October 1451, died 20 May 1506) was a ...
arrives back in Lisbon, Portugal, aboard his ship ''
Niña ''La Niña'' ( Spanish for ''The Girl'') was one of the three Spanish ships used by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus in his first voyage to the West Indies in 1492. As was tradition for Spanish ships of the day, she bore a female saint's ...
'' from his voyage to what are now
The Bahamas The Bahamas (), officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the West Indies in the North Atlantic. It takes up 97% of the Lucayan Archipelago's land area and is home to 88% of the arc ...
and other islands in the Caribbean. *
1519 __NOTOC__ Year 1519 ( MDXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1519th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 519th year of the 2nd millenni ...
Hernán Cortés Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, 1st Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (; ; 1485 – December 2, 1547) was a Spanish '' conquistador'' who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of w ...
arrives in Mexico in search of the
Aztec The Aztecs () were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec people included different ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl ...
civilization and its wealth.


1601–1900

*
1628 Events January–March * January 19 – (26 Jumada al-Awwal 1037 A.H.) The reign of Salef-ud-din Muhammad Shahryar as the Mughal Emperor, Shahryar Mirza, comes to an end a little more than two months after the November 7 de ...
– The
Massachusetts Bay Colony The Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630–1691), more formally the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, was an English settlement on the east coast of North America around the Massachusetts Bay, the northernmost of the several colonies later reorganized as the ...
is granted a
Royal charter A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but ...
. *
1665 Events January–March * January 5 – The '' Journal des sçavans'' begins publication of the first scientific journal in France. * February 15 – Molière's comedy '' Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre'', based on the Spani ...
– English King Charles II declares war on the Netherlands marking the start of the
Second Anglo-Dutch War The Second Anglo-Dutch War or the Second Dutch War (4 March 1665 – 31 July 1667; nl, Tweede Engelse Oorlog "Second English War") was a conflict between England and the Dutch Republic partly for control over the seas and trade routes, whe ...
. *
1675 Events January–March * January 5 – Franco-Dutch War – Battle of Turckheim: The French defeat Austria and Brandenburg. * January 29 – John Sassamon, an English-educated Native American Christian, dies at Ass ...
John Flamsteed John Flamsteed (19 August 1646 – 31 December 1719) was an English astronomer and the first Astronomer Royal. His main achievements were the preparation of a 3,000-star catalogue, ''Catalogus Britannicus'', and a star atlas called '' Atlas C ...
is appointed the first
Astronomer Royal Astronomer Royal is a senior post in the Royal Households of the United Kingdom. There are two officers, the senior being the Astronomer Royal dating from 22 June 1675; the junior is the Astronomer Royal for Scotland dating from 1834. The post ...
of England. *
1681 Events January–March * January 1 – Prince Muhammad Akbar, son of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, initiates a civil war in India. With the support of troops from the Rajput states, Akbar declares himself the new Mughal Emperor a ...
– Charles II grants a land charter to
William Penn William Penn ( – ) was an English writer and religious thinker belonging to the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, a North American colony of England. He was an early advocate of democracy an ...
for the area that will later become
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; (Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, Ma ...
. *
1769 Events January–March * February 2 – Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the Jesuits.Denis De Lucca, ''Jesuits and Fortifications: The Contribution of the Jesuits to Military Architecture i ...
Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
departed Italy after the last of his three tours there. * 1776
American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of ...
: The Continental Army fortifies
Dorchester Heights Dorchester Heights is the central area of South Boston. It is the highest area in the neighborhood and commands a view of both Boston Harbor and downtown. History Dorchester is remembered in American history for an action in the American Re ...
with
cannon A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder duri ...
, leading the
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English ...
troops to abandon the
Siege of Boston The siege of Boston (April 19, 1775 – March 17, 1776) was the opening phase of the American Revolutionary War. New England militiamen prevented the movement by land of the British Army, which was garrisoned in what was then the peninsular tow ...
. *
1789 Events January–March * January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet '' What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution. * January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential electio ...
– In New York City, the
first First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and reco ...
Congress of the United States The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
meets, putting the United States Constitution into effect. *
1790 Events January–March * January 8 – United States President George Washington gives the first State of the Union address, in New York City. * January 11 – The 11 minor states of the Austrian Netherlands, which took ...
– France is divided into 83 ''
départements A department (, ) is an administrative or political division in several countries. Departments are the first-level divisions of 11 countries, nine in the Americas and two in Africa. An additional 10 countries use departments as second-level div ...
'', cutting across the
former provinces A former is an object, such as a template, gauge or cutting die, which is used to form something such as a boat's hull. Typically, a former gives shape to a structure that may have complex curvature. A former may become an integral part of th ...
in an attempt to dislodge regional loyalties based on ownership of land by the nobility. *
1791 Events January–March * January 1 – Austrian composer Joseph Haydn arrives in England, to perform a series of concerts. * January 2 – Northwest Indian War: Big Bottom Massacre – The war begins in the Ohio Countr ...
– The
Constitutional Act of 1791 The Clergy Endowments (Canada) Act 1791, commonly known as the Constitutional Act 1791 (), was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which passed under George III. The current short title has been in use since 1896. History The act refo ...
is introduced by the British House of Commons in London which envisages the separation of Canada into
Lower Canada The Province of Lower Canada (french: province du Bas-Canada) was a British colony on the lower Saint Lawrence River and the shores of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence (1791–1841). It covered the southern portion of the current Province of Quebec ...
(
Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Government of Canada, Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is ...
) and
Upper Canada The Province of Upper Canada (french: link=no, province du Haut-Canada) was a part of British Canada established in 1791 by the Kingdom of Great Britain, to govern the central third of the lands in British North America, formerly part of t ...
(
Ontario Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central C ...
). * 1791 –
Vermont Vermont () is a state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the ...
is admitted to the United States as the fourteenth
state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * '' Our ...
. *
1794 Events January–March * January 1 – The Stibo Group is founded by Niels Lund as a printing company in Aarhus (Denmark). * January 13 – The U.S. Congress enacts a law providing for, effective May 1, 1795, a United Sta ...
– The 11th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is passed by the
U.S. Congress The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
. *
1797 Events January–March * January 3 – The Treaty of Tripoli, a peace treaty between the United States and Ottoman Tripolitania, is signed at Algiers (''see also'' 1796). * January 7 – The parliament of the Cisalpine R ...
John Adams John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Befor ...
is
inaugurated In government and politics, inauguration is the process of swearing a person into office and thus making that person the incumbent. Such an inauguration commonly occurs through a formal ceremony or special event, which may also include an inaug ...
as the 2nd
President of the United States of America The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United State ...
, becoming the first President to begin his presidency on March 4. *
1804 Events January–March * January 1 – Haiti gains independence from France, and becomes the first black republic, having the only successful slave revolt ever. * February 4 – The Sokoto Caliphate is founded in West Africa. * Februar ...
Castle Hill Rebellion: Irish convicts rebel against British colonial authority in the Colony of
New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...
. *
1813 Events January–March * January 18–January 23 – War of 1812: The Battle of Frenchtown is fought in modern-day Monroe, Michigan between the United States and a British and Native American alliance. * January 24 – ...
Cyril VI of Constantinople is elected
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople The ecumenical patriarch ( el, Οἰκουμενικός Πατριάρχης, translit=Oikoumenikós Patriárchēs) is the archbishop of Constantinople ( Istanbul), New Rome and ''primus inter pares'' (first among equals) among the heads of th ...
. *
1814 Events January * January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine. * January 3 ** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French garriso ...
– Americans defeat British forces at the
Battle of Longwoods The Battle of Longwoods took place during the Anglo-American War of 1812. On 4 March 1814, a mounted American raiding party defeated an attempt by British regulars, volunteers from the Canadian militia and Native Americans to intercept them near ...
between
London, Ontario London (pronounced ) is a city in southwestern Ontario, Canada, along the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. The city had a population of 422,324 according to the 2021 Canadian census. London is at the confluence of the Thames River, approximat ...
and Thamesville, near present-day Wardsville, Ontario. *
1837 Events January–March * January 1 – The destructive Galilee earthquake causes 6,000–7,000 casualties in Ottoman Syria. * January 26 – Michigan becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States. * February – Charles Dickens ...
– The city of
Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = List of sovereign states, Count ...
is incorporated. *
1848 1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the poli ...
Carlo Alberto di Savoia signs the ''
Statuto Albertino The Statuto Albertino (English language, English: ''Albertine Statute'') was the constitution granted by King Charles Albert of Sardinia to the Kingdom of Sardinia on 4 March 1848 and written in Italian and French. The Statute later became the ...
'' that will later represent the first
constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these princip ...
of the '' Regno d'Italia''. *
1849 Events January–March * January 1 – France begins issue of the Ceres series, the nation's first postage stamps. * January 5 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Austrian army, led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, enters in th ...
President-elect of the United States The president-elect of the United States is the candidate who has presumptively won the United States presidential election and is awaiting inauguration to become the president. There is no explicit indication in the U.S. Constitution as to whe ...
Zachary Taylor Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was an American military leader who served as the 12th president of the United States from 1849 until his death in 1850. Taylor was a career officer in the United States Army, rising to th ...
and Vice President-elect
Millard Fillmore Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800March 8, 1874) was the 13th president of the United States, serving from 1850 to 1853; he was the last to be a member of the Whig Party while in the White House. A former member of the U.S. House of Represen ...
did not take their respective oaths of office ( they did so the following day), leading to the erroneous theory that outgoing
President pro tempore of the United States Senate The president pro tempore of the United States Senate (often shortened to president pro tem) is the second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate, after the vice president. According to Article One, Section Three of the United ...
David Rice Atchison David Rice Atchison (August 11, 1807January 26, 1886) was a mid-19th century Democratic United States Senator from Missouri. He served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate for six years. Atchison served as a major general in ...
had assumed the role of
acting president An acting president is a person who temporarily fills the role of a country's president when the incumbent president is unavailable (such as by illness or a vacation) or when the post is vacant (such as for death, injury, resignation, dismissal ...
for one day. *
1861 Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first steam- ...
– The first national flag of the
Confederate States of America The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States or the Confederacy was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865. The Confede ...
(the "Stars and Bars") is adopted. *
1865 Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Second Battle of Fort Fisher ...
– The third and final national flag of the
Confederate States of America The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States or the Confederacy was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865. The Confede ...
is adopted by the Confederate Congress. *
1878 Events January–March * January 5 – Russo-Turkish War – Battle of Shipka Pass IV: Russian and Bulgarian forces defeat the Ottoman Empire. * January 9 – Umberto I becomes King of Italy. * January 17 – Battle ...
Pope Leo XIII Pope Leo XIII ( it, Leone XIII; born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci; 2 March 1810 – 20 July 1903) was the head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 to his death in July 1903. Living until the age of 93, he was the second-old ...
reestablishes the Catholic Church in Scotland, recreating sees and naming bishops for the first time since 1603. * 1882 – Britain's first electric trams run in east London. *
1890 Events January–March * January 1 ** The Kingdom of Italy establishes Eritrea as its colony, in the Horn of Africa. ** In Michigan, the wooden steamer ''Mackinaw'' burns in a fire on the Black River. * January 2 ** The steamship '' ...
– The longest bridge in Great Britain, the
Forth Bridge The Forth Bridge is a cantilever railway bridge across the Firth of Forth in the east of Scotland, west of central Edinburgh. Completed in 1890, it is considered a symbol of Scotland (having been voted Scotland's greatest man-made wonder i ...
in Scotland, measuring long, is opened by the Duke of Rothesay, later King
Edward VII Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910. The second child and eldest son of Queen Victoria a ...
. *
1899 Events January 1899 * January 1 ** Spanish rule ends in Cuba, concluding 400 years of the Spanish Empire in the Americas. ** Queens and Staten Island become administratively part of New York City. * January 2 – **Bolivia sets up a ...
Cyclone Mahina Cyclone Mahina was the deadliest cyclone in recorded Australian history, and also likely the most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded in the Southern Hemisphere. Mahina struck Bathurst Bay, Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, on 4 March 1899, ...
sweeps in north of
Cooktown Cooktown is a coastal town and locality in the Shire of Cook, Queensland, Australia. Cooktown is at the mouth of the Endeavour River, on Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland where James Cook beached his ship, the Endeavour, for repai ...
, Queensland, with a wave that reaches up to inland, killing over 300.


1901–present

*
1901 Events January * January 1 – The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia federate as the Commonwealth of Australia; Edmund Barton becomes the first Prime Min ...
McKinley
inaugurated In government and politics, inauguration is the process of swearing a person into office and thus making that person the incumbent. Such an inauguration commonly occurs through a formal ceremony or special event, which may also include an inaug ...
president for second time;
Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( ; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or by his initials, T. R., was an American politician, statesman, soldier, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26t ...
is vice president. *
1908 Events January * January 1 – The British ''Nimrod'' Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton sets sail from New Zealand on the ''Nimrod'' for Antarctica. * January 3 – A total solar eclipse is visible in the Pacific Ocean, and is the 4 ...
– The
Collinwood school fire The Collinwood school fire (also known as the Lake View School fire) was a major disaster that occurred at the Lake View School in Collinwood, Ohio, when a fire erupted on March 4, 1908, killing 172 students, two teachers and one rescuer. It is ...
,
Collinwood Collinwood is a historical area in the northeast part of Cleveland, Ohio. Originally a village in Euclid Township, it was annexed by the city in 1910. Collinwood grew around the rail yards of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway (now C ...
near Cleveland, Ohio, kills 174 people. *
1909 Events January–February * January 4 – Explorer Aeneas Mackintosh of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition escaped death by fleeing across ice floes. * January 7 – Colombia recognizes the independence of Panama. * J ...
– U.S. President
William Taft William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857March 8, 1930) was the 27th president of the United States (1909–1913) and the tenth chief justice of the United States (1921–1930), the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected pr ...
used what became known as a
Saxbe fix The Saxbe fix ( ), or salary rollback, is a mechanism by which the President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president direc ...
, a mechanism to avoid the restriction of the
U.S. Constitution The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789. Originally comprising seven articles, it delineates the nationa ...
's
Ineligibility Clause The Ineligibility Clause (sometimes also called the Emoluments Clause, or the Incompatibility Clause, or the Sinecure Clause) is a provision in Article 1, Section 6, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution that makes each incumbent member of ...
, to appoint Philander C. Knox as
U.S. Secretary of State The United States secretary of state is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State. The office holder is one of the highest ranking members of the president's Ca ...
. *
1913 Events January * January 5 – First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not venture for the rest of the ...
First Balkan War The First Balkan War ( sr, Први балкански рат, ''Prvi balkanski rat''; bg, Балканска война; el, Αʹ Βαλκανικός πόλεμος; tr, Birinci Balkan Savaşı) lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and invo ...
: The Greek army engages the Turks at
Bizani Bizani ( el, Μπιζάνι) is a village and a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Ioannina, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal uni ...
, resulting in victory two days later. * 1913 – The
United States Department of Labor The United States Department of Labor (DOL) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It is responsible for the administration of federal laws governing occupational safety and health, wage and hour standards, unemplo ...
is formed. *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary For ...
Jeannette Rankin Jeannette Pickering Rankin (June 11, 1880 – May 18, 1973) was an American politician and women's rights advocate who became the first woman to hold federal office in the United States in 1917. She was elected to the U.S. House of Represent ...
of
Montana Montana () is a U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West List of regions of the United States#Census Bureau-designated regions and divisions, division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North ...
becomes the first female member of the
United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together the ...
. *
1933 Events January * January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wis ...
Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
becomes the 32nd
President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal gove ...
. He was the last president to be inaugurated on March 4. * 1933 –
Frances Perkins Frances Perkins (born Fannie Coralie Perkins; April 10, 1880 – May 14, 1965) was an American workers-rights advocate who served as the 4th United States secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945, the longest serving in that position. A member of t ...
becomes
United States Secretary of Labor The United States Secretary of Labor is a member of the Cabinet of the United States, and as the head of the United States Department of Labor, controls the department, and enforces and suggests laws involving unions, the workplace, and all ot ...
, the first female member of the
United States Cabinet The Cabinet of the United States is a body consisting of the vice president of the United States and the heads of the executive branch's departments in the federal government of the United States. It is the principal official advisory body to th ...
. * 1933 – The
Parliament of Austria The Austrian Parliament (german: Österreichisches Parlament) is the bicameral federal legislature of the Austrian Republic. It consists of two chambers – the National Council and the Federal Council. In specific cases, both houses convene ...
is suspended because of a quibble over procedure
Chancellor Chancellor ( la, cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the or lattice work screens of a basilica or law cou ...
Engelbert Dollfuss Engelbert Dollfuß (alternatively: ''Dolfuss'', ; 4 October 1892 – 25 July 1934) was an Austrian clerical fascist politician who served as Chancellor of Austria between 1932 and 1934. Having served as Minister for Forests and Agriculture, he ...
initiates an authoritarian rule by decree. *
1941 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January– August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar E ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
: The United Kingdom launches
Operation Claymore Operation Claymore was a British commando raid on the Norwegian Lofoten Islands during the Second World War. The Lofoten Islands were an important centre for the production of fish oil and glycerine, used in the German war economy. The landi ...
on the
Lofoten Islands Lofoten () is an archipelago and a traditional district in the county of Nordland, Norway. Lofoten has distinctive scenery with dramatic mountains and peaks, open sea and sheltered bays, beaches and untouched lands. There are two towns, Svolvæ ...
; the first large scale
British Commando The Commando, Commandos, also known as the British Commandos, were formed during the World War II, Second World War in June 1940, following a request from Winston Churchill, for special forces that could carry out Raid (military), raids against ...
raid. *
1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 – ...
– World War II: The
Battle of the Bismarck Sea The Battle of the Bismarck Sea (2–4 March 1943) took place in the South West Pacific Area (SWPA) during World War II when aircraft of the U.S. Fifth Air Force and the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) attacked a Japanese convoy carrying troo ...
in the south-west Pacific comes to an end. * 1943 – World War II: The
Battle of Fardykambos The Battle of Fardykambos ( el, Μάχη του Φαρδύκαμπου), also known as the Battle of Bougazi (Μάχη στο Μπουγάζι), was fought between the National Liberation Front (EAM-ELAS) of the Greek Resistance against the I ...
, one of the first major battles between the Greek Resistance and the occupying
Royal Italian Army The Royal Italian Army ( it, Regio Esercito, , Royal Army) was the land force of the Kingdom of Italy, established with the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy. During the 19th century Italy started to unify into one country, and in 1861 Manf ...
, begins. It ends on 6 March with the surrender of an entire Italian battalion and the liberation of the town of
Grevena Grevena ( el, Γρεβενά, ''Grevená'', , rup, Grebini) is a town and municipality in Western Macedonia, northern Greece, capital of the Grevena regional unit. The town's current population is 13,374 citizens (2011). It lies about from At ...
. *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in No ...
– World War II: After the success of
Big Week Big Week or Operation Argument was a sequence of raids by the United States Army Air Forces and RAF Bomber Command from 20 to 25 February 1944, as part of the European strategic bombing campaign against Nazi Germany. The planners intended to ...
, the
USAAF The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF) was the major land-based aerial warfare service component of the United States Army and ''de facto'' aerial warfare service branch of the United States during and immediately after World War II ...
begins a daylight bombing campaign of
Berlin Berlin is Capital of Germany, the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and List of cities in Germany by population, by population. Its more than 3.85 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European U ...
. *
1955 Events January * January 3 – José Ramón Guizado becomes president of Panama. * January 17 – , the first nuclear-powered submarine, puts to sea for the first time, from Groton, Connecticut. * January 18– 20 – Battle of Yiji ...
– An order to protect the endangered
Saimaa ringed seal The Saimaa ringed seal (''Pusa hispida saimensis'', Finnish: ''Saimaannorppa'') is a subspecies of ringed seal (''Pusa hispida''). They are among the most endangered seals in the world, having a total population of only about 400 individuals. T ...
(''Pusa hispida saimensis'') was legalized. *
1957 1957 (Roman numerals, MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday, common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, t ...
– The
S&P 500 The Standard and Poor's 500, or simply the S&P 500, is a stock market index tracking the stock performance of 500 large companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. It is one of the most commonly followed equity indices. As of ...
stock market index In finance, a stock index, or stock market index, is an index that measures a stock market, or a subset of the stock market, that helps investors compare current stock price levels with past prices to calculate market performance. Two of the ...
is introduced, replacing the S&P 90. *
1960 It is also known as the " Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * J ...
– The French freighter '' La Coubre'' explodes in
Havana, Cuba Havana (; Spanish: ''La Habana'' ) is the capital and largest city of Cuba. The heart of the La Habana Province, Havana is the country's main port and commercial center.
, killing 100. *
1962 Events January * January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand. * January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism. * January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wo ...
– A
Caledonian Airways Caledonian Airways was a wholly private, independentindependent from government-owned corporations British charter airline formed in April 1961. It began with a single 104-seat Douglas DC-7C leased from the Belgian flag carrier Sabena.''Fl ...
Douglas DC-7 The Douglas DC-7 is an American transport aircraft built by the Douglas Aircraft Company from 1953 to 1958. A derivative of the DC-6, it was the last major piston engine-powered transport made by Douglas, being developed shortly after the ear ...
crashes shortly after takeoff from
Cameroon Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west- central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; th ...
, killing 111 – the worst crash of a DC-7. *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo is ...
– A
Canadian Pacific Air Lines Canadian Pacific Air Lines was a Canadian airline that operated from 1942 to 1987. It operated under the name CP Air from 1968 to 1986. Headquartered at Vancouver International Airport in Richmond, British Columbia, it served domestic Canadian ...
DC-8-43 explodes on landing at
Tokyo International Airport , officially , and sometimes called as Tokyo Haneda Airport or Haneda International Airport , is one of two international airports serving the Greater Tokyo Area, the other one being Narita International Airport (NRT). It serves as the primary ...
, killing 64 people. * 1966 – In an interview in the ''
London Evening Standard The ''Evening Standard'', formerly ''The Standard'' (1827–1904), also known as the ''London Evening Standard'', is a local free daily newspaper in London, England, published Monday to Friday in tabloid format. In October 2009, after be ...
'',
The Beatles The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the developm ...
'
John Lennon John Winston Ono Lennon (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician and peace activist who achieved worldwide fame as founder, co-songwriter, co-lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of ...
declares that the band is "
more popular than Jesus "More popular than Jesus" is part of a remark made by John Lennon of the Beatles in a March 1966 interview in which he argued that the public were more infatuated with the band than with Jesus and that Christian faith was declining to the ...
now". *
1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (''Extreme''). Between 10,000 and 1 ...
– French submarine ''
Eurydice Eurydice (; Ancient Greek: Εὐρυδίκη 'wide justice') was a character in Greek mythology and the Auloniad wife of Orpheus, who tried to bring her back from the dead with his enchanting music. Etymology Several meanings for the name ...
'' explodes underwater, resulting in the loss of the entire 57-man crew. *
1976 Events January * January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 11 – The 1976 Phil ...
– The
Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention The Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention (NICC) was an elected body set up in 1975 by the United Kingdom Labour government of Harold Wilson as an attempt to deal with constitutional issues surrounding the status of Northern Ireland. Fo ...
is formally dissolved in
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label=Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. North ...
resulting in
direct rule Direct rule is when an imperial or central power takes direct control over the legislature, executive and civil administration of an otherwise largely self-governing territory. Examples Chechnya In 1991, Chechen separatists declared independence ...
of Northern Ireland from London by the
British parliament The Parliament of the United Kingdom is the Parliamentary sovereignty in the United Kingdom, supreme Legislature, legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It meets at the Palace of We ...
. *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrati ...
– The
1977 Vrancea earthquake The 1977 Vrancea earthquake occurred on 4 March 1977, at 21:22 local time, and was felt throughout the Balkans. It had a magnitude of 7.5, making it the second most powerful earthquake recorded in Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a ...
in eastern and southern Europe kills more than 1,500, mostly in
Bucharest, Romania Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...
. *
1980 Events January * January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a United States grain embargo against the Soviet Union, grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission. * January 6 – Global Positioning Syst ...
– Nationalist leader
Robert Mugabe Robert Gabriel Mugabe (; ; 21 February 1924 – 6 September 2019) was a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987 and then as President from 1987 to 2017. He served as Leader of th ...
wins a sweeping election victory to become
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the south-west, Zambia to the north, and Mozam ...
's first black
prime minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...
. *
1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
– The
Food and Drug Administration The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the control and supervision of food ...
approves a
blood test A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or via fingerprick. Multiple tests for specific blood components, such as a glucose test or a ch ...
for
HIV The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of '' Lentivirus'' (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which progressive failure of the immu ...
infection, used since then for screening all
blood donation A blood donation occurs when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and used for transfusions and/or made into biopharmaceutical medications by a process called fractionation (separation of whole blood components). Donation may be of whole blo ...
s in the United States. *
1986 The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 **Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. **Spain and Portugal enter ...
– The
Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
Vega 1 begins returning images of
Halley's Comet Halley's Comet or Comet Halley, officially designated 1P/Halley, is a List of periodic comets, short-period comet visible from Earth every 75–79 years. Halley is the only known short-period comet that is regularly visible to the naked eye fr ...
and the first images of its nucleus. *
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
– American
basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately in diameter) through the defender's h ...
player
Hank Gathers Eric Wilson "Hank" Gathers Jr. (February 11, 1967 – March 4, 1990) was an American college basketball player for the Loyola Marymount Lions in the West Coast Conference (WCC). As a junior in 1989, he became the second player in NCAA Division I ...
dies after collapsing during the semifinals of a West Coast Conference tournament game. *
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson Ma ...
Space Shuttle program The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011. I ...
: the Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' is launched on
STS-62 STS-62 was a Space Shuttle program mission flown aboard . The primary payloads were the USMP-02 microgravity experiments package and the OAST-2 engineering and technology payload, both in the orbiter's cargo bay. The two-week mission also featu ...
. *
1996 File:1996 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: A bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, set off by a radical anti-abortionist; The center fuel tank explodes on TWA Flight 800, causing the plane to crash and killing everyone on b ...
– A derailed train in Weyauwega, Wisconsin (USA) causes the
emergency evacuation Emergency evacuation is the urgent immediate egress or escape of people away from an area that contains an imminent threat, an ongoing threat or a hazard to lives or property. Examples range from the small-scale evacuation of a building due to ...
of 2,300 people for 16 days. *
1998 1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently s ...
Gay rights Rights affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people vary greatly by country or jurisdiction—encompassing everything from the legal recognition of same-sex marriage to the death penalty for homosexuality. Notably, , ...
: '' Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc.'': The
Supreme Court of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point ...
rules that federal laws banning on-the-job sexual harassment also apply when both parties are the same sex. *
2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan ...
BBC bombing: A massive car bomb explodes in front of the
BBC Television Centre Television Centre (TVC) is a building complex in White City, West London, that was the headquarters of BBC Television between 1960 and 2013. After a refurbishment, the complex reopened in 2017 with three studios in use for TV production, oper ...
in London, seriously injuring one person; the attack was attributed to the
Real IRA The Real Irish Republican Army, or Real IRA (RIRA), is a Dissident republican, dissident Irish republicanism, Irish republican paramilitary group that aims to bring about a United Ireland. It formed in 1997 following a split in the Provisional ...
. *
2002 File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains independence from Indonesia and ...
Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bord ...
: Seven American
Special Operations Forces Special forces and special operations forces (SOF) are military units trained to conduct special operations. NATO has defined special operations as "military activities conducted by specially designated, organized, selected, trained and equip ...
soldiers and 200 Al-Qaeda Fighters are killed as American forces attempt to infiltrate the
Shah-i-Kot Valley The Shah-i-Kot Valley (also Shahi-Kot, Shah-e-Kot and other variant spellings) is a valley in Afghanistan's Paktia province, southeast of the town of Zormat. The terrain in and around the valley is notoriously rugged, located at a mean altitu ...
on a low-flying helicopter reconnaissance mission. *
2009 File:2009 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The vertical stabilizer of Air France Flight 447 is pulled out from the Atlantic Ocean; Barack Obama becomes the first African American to become President of the United States; 2009 Iran ...
– The
International Criminal Court The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal seated in The Hague, Netherlands. It is the first and only permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individua ...
(ICC) issues an arrest warrant for
Sudanese President This article lists the heads of state of Sudan since the country's independence in 1956. History of the office Since independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1956, six individuals (and three multi-member sovereignty councils) have served as ...
Omar Hassan al-Bashir for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Darfur. Al-Bashir is the first sitting
head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state (polity), state#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international p ...
to be indicted by the ICC since its establishment in 2002. *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
– A series of explosions is reported at a munitions dump in Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of the Congo, killing at least 250 people. *
2015 File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the April ...
– At least 34 miners die in a suspected gas explosion at the
Zasyadko coal mine Zasyadko Mine ( uk, Шахта ім. Засядька, russian: Шахта им. А. Ф. Засядько) is a coal mining company in Ukraine's eastern city of Donetsk. Following the start of the War in Donbass in 2014 the mine became situated ...
in the rebel-held Donetsk region of Ukraine. *
2018 File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the United ...
– Former
MI6 The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6 ( Military Intelligence, Section 6), is the foreign intelligence service of the United Kingdom, tasked mainly with the covert overseas collection and analysis of human intellige ...
spy
Sergei Skripal Sergei Viktorovich Skripal ( rus, Серге́й Ви́кторович Скрипáль, p=sʲɪrˈɡʲej ˈvʲiktərəvʲɪtɕ skrʲɪˈpalʲ; born 23 June 1951) is a former Russian military intelligence officer who acted as a double agent f ...
and his daughter are poisoned with a
Novichok Novichok (russian: Новичо́к, lit=newcomer, novice, newbie) is a group of nerve agents, some of which are binary chemical weapons. The agents were developed at the GosNIIOKhT state chemical research institute by the Soviet Union and Ru ...
nerve agent Nerve agents, sometimes also called nerve gases, are a class of organic chemicals that disrupt the mechanisms by which nerves transfer messages to organs. The disruption is caused by the blocking of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme that ...
in
Salisbury Salisbury ( ) is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England with a population of 41,820, at the confluence of the rivers Avon, Nadder and Bourne. The city is approximately from Southampton and from Bath. Salisbury is in the southeast of Wil ...
,
England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe ...
, causing a diplomatic uproar that results in mass-expulsions of diplomats from all countries involved. *
2020 2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global social and economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, worldwide lockdowns and the largest economic recession since the Great Depression in ...
Nik Wallenda Nikolas Wallenda (born January 24, 1979) is an American acrobat, aerialist, daredevil, high wire artist, and author. He is known for his high-wire performances without a safety net. He holds 11 Guinness World Records for various acrobatic feat ...
becomes the first person to walk on the
Masaya Volcano Masaya ( es, Volcán Masaya) is a caldera located in Masaya, Nicaragua, 20 km south of the capital Managua. It is Nicaragua's first and largest national park, and one of 78 protected areas of Nicaragua. The complex volcano is composed ...
in Nicaragua.


Births


Pre-1600

*
895 ' __NOTOC__ Year 895 ( DCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * The Magyars are expelled from southern Russia, and settle in the Carpathian B ...
Liu Zhiyuan Liu Zhiyuan () (March 4, 895 – March 10, 948), later changed to Liu Gao (), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Gaozu of Later Han (), was the founding emperor of the Shatuo-led Later Han dynasty, the fourth of the Five Dynasties duri ...
, founder of the Later Han Dynasty (d. 948) *
977 Year 977 ( CMLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * May – Boris II, dethroned emperor (''tsar'') of Bulgaria, and his brother Roman ...
Al-Musabbihi, Fatimid historian and official (d. 1030) * 1188
Blanche of Castile Blanche of Castile ( es, Blanca de Castilla; 4 March 1188 – 27 November 1252) was Queen of France by marriage to Louis VIII. She acted as regent twice during the reign of her son, Louis IX: during his minority from 1226 until 1234, and duri ...
, French queen consort (d. 1252) * 1394
Henry the Navigator ''Dom'' Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu (4 March 1394 – 13 November 1460), better known as Prince Henry the Navigator ( pt, Infante Dom Henrique, o Navegador), was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15t ...
, Portuguese explorer (d. 1460) *
1484 Year 1484 ( MCDLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1484th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 484th year of the 2nd millennium, the 84th ye ...
George, margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1543) *
1492 Year 1492 ( MCDXCII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. 1492 is considered to be a significant year in the history of the West, Europe, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Spain, and the ...
Francesco de Layolle Francesco de Layolle (also spelled dell'Aiolle, dell'Aiuola, dell'Ajolle, dell'Aiolli), (March 4, 1492 – c. 1540) was an Italian composer and organist of the Renaissance. He was one of the first native Italian composers to write sacred mus ...
, Italian organist and composer (d. 1540) *
1502 Year 1502 ( MDII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 1 – Portuguese explorers, led by Gonçalo Coelho, sail into Guanabara B ...
Elisabeth of Hesse Elisabeth of Hesse (13 February 1539 – 14 March 1582) was a German noblewoman. She was a daughter of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse and Christine of Saxony, daughter of George, Duke of Saxony. On 8 July 1560 she married Louis VI, Elector ...
, princess of Saxony (d. 1557) *
1519 __NOTOC__ Year 1519 ( MDXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1519th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 519th year of the 2nd millenni ...
Hindal Mirza Abu'l-Nasir Muhammad (4 March 1519 – 20 November 1551), better known by the sobriquet Hindal ( Chagatai: "Taker of India"), was a Mughal prince and the youngest son of Emperor Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire and the first Mughal em ...
, Mughal emperor (d. 1551) *
1526 Year 1526 ( MDXXVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 14 – Treaty of Madrid: Peace is declared between Francis I of France and ...
Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon KG PC (4 March 1526 – 23 July 1596), was an English nobleman and courtier. He was the patron of the Lord Chamberlain's Men, William Shakespeare's playing company. The son of Mary Boleyn, he was a cousin of El ...
(d. 1596)


1601–1900

*
1602 Events January–June * January 3 – Battle of Kinsale: The English defeat Irish rebels and their Spanish allies. (The battle happens on this date according to the Gregorian calendar used by the Irish and Spanish but on Thursday, 24 De ...
Kanō Tan'yū was a Japanese painter of the Kanō school. One of the foremost Kanō painters, many of the best known Kanō works today are by Tan'yū. Biography His original given name was Morinobu; he was the eldest son of Kanō Takanobu and grandson ...
, Japanese painter (d. 1674) *
1634 Events January–March * January 12– After suspecting that he will be dismissed, Albrecht von Wallenstein, supreme commander of the Holy Roman Empire's Army, demands that his colonels sign a declaration of personal loyalty. ...
Kazimierz Łyszczyński Kazimierz Łyszczyński (; 4 March 1634 – 30 March 1689), also known in English as Casimir Liszinski, was a Polish nobleman, philosopher, and soldier in the ranks of the Sapieha family, who was accused, tried, and executed for atheism in 168 ...
, Polish philosopher (d. 1689) *
1651 Events January–March * January 1 – Charles II is crowned King of Scots at Scone ( his first crowning). * January 24 – Parliament of Boroa in Chile: Spanish and Mapuche authorities meet at Boroa, renewing the fragil ...
John Somers, 1st Baron Somers John Somers, 1st Baron Somers, (4 March 1651 – 26 April 1716) was an English Whig jurist and statesman. Somers first came to national attention in the trial of the Seven Bishops where he was on their defence counsel. He published tracts on ...
, English lawyer, jurist, and politician,
Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain The lord chancellor, formally the lord high chancellor of Great Britain, is the highest-ranking traditional minister among the Great Officers of State in Scotland and England in the United Kingdom, nominally outranking the prime minister. The ...
(d. 1716) *
1655 Events January–March * January 5 – Emperor Go-Sai ascends to the throne of Japan. * January 7 – Pope Innocent X, leader of the Roman Catholic Church and the Papal States, dies after more than 10 years of rule. * Febru ...
Fra Galgario, Italian painter (d. 1743) *
1665 Events January–March * January 5 – The '' Journal des sçavans'' begins publication of the first scientific journal in France. * February 15 – Molière's comedy '' Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre'', based on the Spani ...
Philip Christoph von Königsmarck, Swedish soldier (d. 1694) *
1678 Events January–March * January 10 – England and the Dutch Republic sign a mutual defense treaty in order to fight against France. * January 27 – The first fire engine company (in what will become the United States) goe ...
Antonio Vivaldi Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian composer, virtuoso violinist and impresario of Baroque music. Regarded as one of the greatest Baroque composers, Vivaldi's influence during his lifetime was widespread ...
, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1741) *
1702 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Wednesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 2 – A total solar eclipse is visible from the south ...
Jack Sheppard Jack Sheppard (4 March 1702 – 16 November 1724), or "Honest Jack", was a notorious English thief and prison escapee of early 18th-century London. Born into a poor family, he was apprenticed as a carpenter but took to theft and burglary in ...
, English criminal (d. 1724) *
1706 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Monday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 26 – War of Spanish Succession: The uprising by Bavarian ...
Lauritz de Thurah Laurids Lauridsen de Thurah, known as Lauritz de Thurah (4 March 1706 – 5 September 1759), was a Danish architect and architectural writer. He became the most important Danish architect of the late baroque period. As an architectural writer ...
, Danish architect, designed the
Hermitage Hunting Lodge The Hermitage Hunting Lodge ( Danish: or ) is located in Dyrehaven north of Copenhagen, Denmark. The hunting lodge was built by architect Lauritz de Thurah in Baroque style from 1734 to 1736 for Christian VI of Denmark in order to host royal ...
and
Gammel Holtegård Gl. Holtegaard is a former Manor house in Rudersdal Municipality north of Copenhagen, Denmark, today operated as an arts centre and a museum. It was built by the Danish Baroque architecture, Baroque architect Lauritz de Thurah (1706–1759), for hi ...
(d. 1759) *
1715 Events For dates within Great Britain and the British Empire, as well as in the Russian Empire, the "old style" Julian calendar was used in 1715, and can be converted to the "new style" Gregorian calendar (adopted in the British Empire i ...
James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave, (4 March 171513 April 1763) was a British politician who is sometimes regarded as one of the shortest-serving British prime ministers in history. His brief tenure as First Lord of the Treasury is lent a mo ...
, English historian and politician (d. 1763) * 1719
George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot (4 March 1719 – 11 May 1777) was twice the British President of the British East India Company. Life Pigot was the eldest son of Richard Pigot of Westminster, by his wife Frances, daughter of Peter Goode, a Hug ...
, English politician (d. 1777) *
1729 Events January–March * January 8 – Frederick, the eldest son of King George II of Great Britain is made Prince of Wales at the age of 21, a few months after he comes to Britain for the first time after growing up in Hanov ...
Anne d'Arpajon Anne, alternatively spelled Ann, is a form of the Latin female given name Anna. This in turn is a representation of the Hebrew Hannah, which means 'favour' or 'grace'. Related names include Annie. Anne is sometimes used as a male name in the ...
, French wife of
Philippe de Noailles Philippe de Noailles, comte de Noailles and later prince de Poix, duc de Mouchy, and duc de Poix ''à brevêt'' (27 December 1715 in Paris27 June 1794 in Paris), was a younger brother of Louis de Noailles, and a more distinguished soldier than his ...
(d. 1794) *
1745 Events January–March * January 7 – War of the Austrian Succession: The Austrian Army, under the command of Field Marshal Károly József Batthyány, makes a surprise attack at Amberg and the winter quarters of the Bavar ...
Charles Dibdin Charles Dibdin (before 4 March 1745 – 25 July 1814) was an English composer, musician, dramatist, novelist, singer and actor. With over 600 songs to his name, for many of which he wrote both the lyrics and the music and performed them himself, ...
, English actor, playwright, and composer (d. 1814) * 1745 –
Casimir Pulaski Kazimierz Michał Władysław Wiktor Pułaski of the Ślepowron coat of arms (; ''Casimir Pulaski'' ; March 4 or March 6, 1745 Makarewicz, 1998 October 11, 1779) was a Polish nobleman, soldier, and military commander who has been called, to ...
, Polish-American general (d. 1779) *
1756 Events January–March * January 16 – The Treaty of Westminster is signed between Great Britain and Prussia, guaranteeing the neutrality of the Kingdom of Hanover, controlled by King George II of Great Britain. *February 7 ...
Henry Raeburn Sir Henry Raeburn (; 4 March 1756 – 8 July 1823) was a Scottish portrait painter. He served as Portrait Painter to King George IV in Scotland. Biography Raeburn was born the son of a manufacturer in Stockbridge, on the Water of Leith: a fo ...
, Scottish portrait painter (d. 1823) *
1760 Events January–March * January 9 – Battle of Barari Ghat: Afghan forces defeat the Marathas. * January 22 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Wandiwash, India: British general Sir Eyre Coote is victorious over the ...
William Payne, English painter (d. 1830) * 1760 –
Hugh Ronalds Hugh Ronalds (4 March 1760 – 18 November 1833) was an esteemed nurseryman and horticulturalist in Brentford, who published ''Pyrus Malus Brentfordiensis: or, a Concise Description of Selected Apples'' (1831). His plants were some of the first E ...
, British nurseryman who cultivated and documented 300 varieties of apples (d. 1833) *
1769 Events January–March * February 2 – Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the Jesuits.Denis De Lucca, ''Jesuits and Fortifications: The Contribution of the Jesuits to Military Architecture i ...
Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali (; born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.; January 17, 1942 – June 3, 2016) was an American professional boxer and activist. Nicknamed "The Greatest", he is regarded as one of the most significant sports figures of the 20th century, ...
, Ottoman military leader and pasha (d. 1849) *
1770 Events January– March * January 1 – The foundation of Fort George, Bombay is laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the former Dongri Fort. * February 1 – Thomas Jefferson's home at Shadwell, V ...
Joseph Jacotot, French philosopher and academic (d. 1840) *
1778 Events January–March * January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook, with ships HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu then Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he ...
Robert Emmet Robert Emmet (4 March 177820 September 1803) was an Irish Republican, orator and rebel leader. Following the suppression of the United Irish uprising in 1798, he sought to organise a renewed attempt to overthrow the British Crown and Protest ...
, Irish republican (d. 1803) *
1781 Events January–March * January – William Pitt the Younger, later Prime Minister of Great Britain, enters Parliament, aged 21. * January 1 – Industrial Revolution: The Iron Bridge opens across the River Severn in E ...
Rebecca Gratz Rebecca Gratz (March 4, 1781 – August 27, 1869) was a member of thGratzfamily, who settled in the United States before the Revolutionary War. She was a Jewish American educator and philanthropist in 19th-century America. Early life Rebecca G ...
, American educator and philanthropist (d. 1869) *
1782 Events January–March * January 7 – The first American commercial bank (Bank of North America) opens. * January 15 – Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris goes before the United States Congress to recommend establi ...
Johann Rudolf Wyss, Swiss philosopher, author, and academic (d. 1830) *
1792 Events January–March * January 9 – The Treaty of Jassy ends the Russian Empire's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea. * February 18 – Thomas Holcroft produces the comedy '' The Road to Ruin'' in London. * Februar ...
Isaac Lea Isaac; grc, Ἰσαάκ, Isaák; ar, إسحٰق/إسحاق, Isḥāq; am, ይስሐቅ is one of the three patriarchs of the Israelites and an important figure in the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. He was t ...
, American conchologist, geologist, and publisher (d. 1886) *
1793 The French Republic introduced the French Revolutionary Calendar starting with the year I. Events January–June * January 7 – The Ebel riot occurs in Sweden. * January 9 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to ...
Karl Lachmann Karl Konrad Friedrich Wilhelm Lachmann (; 4 March 1793 – 13 March 1851) was a German philologist and critic. He is particularly noted for his foundational contributions to the field of textual criticism. Biography Lachmann was born in Bru ...
, German philologist and critic (d. 1851) *
1800 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 18), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 12 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 16), ...
William Price, Welsh physician, Chartist, and neo-Druid (d. 1893) *
1814 Events January * January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine. * January 3 ** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French garriso ...
Napoleon Collins, Rear Admiral of the United States Navy during the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War (d. 1875) *
1815 Events January * January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England. * January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Pr ...
Mykhailo Verbytsky, Ukrainian composer of religious hymns and the national anthem of Ukraine (d. 1870) *
1817 Events January–March * January 1 – Sailing through the Sandwich Islands, Otto von Kotzebue discovers New Year Island. * January 19 – An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General José de San Martín, starts crossing the ...
Edwards Pierrepont, American lawyer and politician, 34th
United States Attorney General The United States attorney general (AG) is the head of the United States Department of Justice, and is the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government of the United States. The attorney general serves as the principal advisor to the p ...
(d. 1892) *
1820 Events January–March *January 1 – Nominal beginning of the Trienio Liberal in Spain: A constitutionalist military insurrection at Cádiz leads to the summoning of the Spanish Parliament (March 7). * January 8 – General Maritime ...
Francesco Bentivegna, Italian rebel leader (d. 1856) *
1822 Events January–March * January 1 – The Greek Constitution of 1822 is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus. *January 3 - The famous French explorer, Aimé Bonpland, is made prisoner in Paraguay accused of being a sp ...
Jules Antoine Lissajous, French mathematician and academic (d. 1880) *
1823 Events January–March * January 22 – By secret treaty signed at the Congress of Verona, the Quintuple Alliance gives France a mandate to invade Spain for the purpose of restoring Ferdinand VII (who has been captured by armed revolution ...
George Caron George Caron (March 4, 1823 – May 14, 1902) was a Quebec businessman and political figure. He represented Maskinongé in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Conservative member. He was born in Rivière-du-Loup, Lower Canada in 1823 and ...
, Canadian businessman and politician (d. 1902) *
1826 Events January–March * January 15 – The French newspaper '' Le Figaro'' begins publication in Paris, initially as a weekly. * January 30 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, built by engineer Thomas Telford, is opened between the island ...
August Johann Gottfried Bielenstein, German linguist, ethnographer, and theologian (d. 1907) * 1826 –
John Buford John Buford, Jr. (March 4, 1826 – December 16, 1863) was a United States Army cavalry officer. He fought for the Union as a brigadier general during the American Civil War. Buford is best known for having played a major role in the first day ...
, American general (d. 1863) * 1826 – Elme Marie Caro, French philosopher and academic (d. 1887) * 1826 –
Theodore Judah Theodore Dehone Judah (March 4, 1826 – November 2, 1863) was an American civil engineer who was a central figure in the original promotion, establishment, and design of the First transcontinental railroad. He found investors for what became th ...
, American engineer, founded the
Central Pacific Railroad The Central Pacific Railroad (CPRR) was a rail company chartered by U.S. Congress in 1862 to build a railroad eastwards from Sacramento, California, to complete the western part of the "First transcontinental railroad" in North America. Incorpo ...
(d. 1863) *
1828 Events January–March * January 4 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac succeeds the Comte de Villèle, as Prime Minister of France. * January 8 – The Democratic Party of the United States is organized. * January 22 – Arthu ...
Owen Wynne Jones Owen Wynne Jones (4 March 1828 – 4 April 1870), often known by his bardic name of Glasynys, was a Welsh clergyman, folklorist, poet, novelist and short-story writer. Life Owen Wynne Jones was born at a house called Ty'n-y-ffrwd, in the vil ...
, Welsh clergyman and poet (d. 1870) *
1838 Events January–March * January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London. * January 11 – At Morristown, New Jersey, Samuel Morse, Alfred Vail and Leonard Gale give the first public demonstration ...
Paul Lacôme Paul-Jean-Jacques Lacôme d'Estalenx (4 March 1838 – 12 December 1920) was a French composer. Between 1870 and the turn of the century he produced a series of operettas and operas-bouffes that were popular both in France and abroad. Interest i ...
, French pianist, cellist, and composer (d. 1920) *
1847 Events January–March * January 4 – Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the U.S. government. * January 13 – The Treaty of Cahuenga ends fighting in the Mexican–American War in California. * January 16 – John C. Frém ...
Carl Josef Bayer, Austrian chemist and academic (d. 1904) *
1851 Events January–March * January 11 – Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion. * January 15 – Christian Female College, modern-day Columbia College, receives its charter from the Missouri General Assembly. ...
Alexandros Papadiamantis Alexandros Papadiamantis ( el, Ἀλέξανδρος Παπαδιαμάντης; 4 March 1851 – 3 January 1911) was an influential Greek novelist, short-story writer and poet. Biography Papadiamantis was born in Greece, on the island of Skiat ...
, Greek author and poet (d. 1911) *
1854 Events January–March * January 4 – The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the ''Samarang''. * January 6 – The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is perhaps born. * January 9 – The Te ...
Napier Shaw Sir William Napier Shaw (4 March 1854 – 23 March 1945) was a British meteorologist. He introduced the tephigram, a diagram for evaluating convective instability in the atmosphere. He also served as president of the International Meteorologica ...
, English meteorologist and academic (d. 1945) *
1856 Events January–March * January 8 – Borax deposits are discovered in large quantities by John Veatch in California. * January 23 – American paddle steamer SS ''Pacific'' leaves Liverpool (England) for a transatlantic voy ...
Alfred William Rich Alfred William Rich (4 March 1856 – 7 September 1921) was an English artist, teacher and author. Life and work Rich was born between Scaynes Hill and Lindfield in Sussex. His study of art began at the age of eight, as a self-taught stude ...
, English painter, author, and educator (d. 1921) *
1861 Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first steam- ...
Arthur Cushman McGiffert Arthur Cushman McGiffert (March 4, 18611933), American theologian, was born in Sauquoit, New York, the son of a Presbyterian clergyman of Scots-Irish descent. Biography He graduated at Western Reserve College in 1882 and at Union Theological Se ...
, American theologian and author (d. 1933) *
1862 Events January–March * January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria. * January 6 – French intervention in Mexico: French, Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico. * January ...
Jacob Robert Emden, Swiss astrophysicist and meteorologist (d. 1940) *
1863 Events January–March * January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate states an official war goal. It proclaim ...
R. I. Pocock, English zoologist and archaeologist (d. 1947) * 1863 –
John Henry Wigmore John Henry Wigmore (1863–1943) was an American lawyer and legal scholar known for his expertise in the law of evidence and for his influential scholarship. Wigmore taught law at Keio University in Tokyo (1889–1892) before becoming the firs ...
, American academic and jurist (d. 1943) *
1864 Events January–March * January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster (" Oh! Susanna", " Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song ...
David W. Taylor David Watson Taylor (March 4, 1864 – July 28, 1940) was a U.S. naval architect and an engineer of the United States Navy. He served during World War I as Chief Constructor of the Navy, and Chief of the Bureau of Construction and Repair. Ta ...
, American admiral, architect, and engineer (d. 1940) *
1866 Events January–March * January 1 ** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee. ** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine ''The Liberator'' is published. * January 6 – Ottoman troo ...
Eugène Cosserat, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1931) *
1867 Events January–March * January 1 – The Covington–Cincinnati Suspension Bridge opens between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky, in the United States, becoming the longest single-span bridge in the world. It was renamed a ...
Jacob L. Beilhart, American activist, founded the Spirit Fruit Society (d. 1908) * 1867 –
Charles Pelot Summerall General Charles Pelot Summerall (March 4, 1867 – May 14, 1955) was a senior United States Army officer. He commanded the 1st Infantry Division in World War I, was Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1926 to 1930, and was President of ...
, American Army officer (d. 1955) *
1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the B ...
Thomas Sturge Moore Thomas Sturge Moore (4 March 1870 – 18 July 1944) was a British poet, author and artist. Biography Sturge Moore was born at 3 Wellington Square, Hastings, East Sussex, on 4 March 1870 and educated at Dulwich College, the Croydon School o ...
, English author and poet (d. 1944) *
1871 Events January–March * January 3 – Franco-Prussian War – Battle of Bapaume: Prussians win a strategic victory. * January 18 – Proclamation of the German Empire: The member states of the North German Confederation and the sou ...
Boris Galerkin Boris Grigoryevich Galerkin (russian: Бори́с Григо́рьевич Галёркин, surname more accurately romanized as Galyorkin; –12 July 1945) was a Soviet mathematician and an engineer. Biography Early days Galerkin was born on ...
, Russian mathematician and engineer (d. 1945) *
1873 Events January–March * January 1 ** Japan adopts the Gregorian calendar. ** The California Penal Code goes into effect. * January 17 – American Indian Wars: Modoc War: First Battle of the Stronghold – Modoc Indians defeat ...
Guy Wetmore Carryl Guy Wetmore Carryl (4 March 1873 – 1 April 1904) was an American humorist and poet. Biography Carryl was born in New York City, the first-born of writer Charles Edward Carryl and Mary R. Wetmore. He had his first article published in '' Th ...
, American journalist and poet (d. 1904) * 1873 – John H. Trumbull, American colonel and politician, 70th
Governor of Connecticut The governor of Connecticut is the head of government of Connecticut, and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Conne ...
(d. 1961) *
1875 Events January–March * January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of th ...
Mihály Károlyi Count Mihály Ádám György Miklós Károlyi de Nagykároly ( hu, gróf nagykárolyi Károlyi Mihály Ádám György Miklós; archaically English: Michael Adam George Nicholas Károlyi, or in short simple form: Michael Károlyi; 4 March 1875 ...
, Hungarian politician,
President of Hungary The president of Hungary, officially the president of the republicUnder the Basic Law, adopted in 2011, the official name of the state is simply Hungary; Before, the state was called the Republic of Hungary. However, the office is nonetheles ...
(d. 1955) * 1875 –
Enrique Larreta Enrique Rodríguez Larreta (March 4, 1875 – July 6, 1961) was an Argentine writer, academic, diplomat and art collector. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature ten times. Biography Larreta was born in Buenos Aires to Adela Maza an ...
, Argentinian historian and author (d. 1961) *
1876 Events January–March * January 1 ** The Reichsbank opens in Berlin. ** The Bass Brewery Red Triangle becomes the world's first registered trademark symbol. * February 2 – The National League, National League of Professional Ba ...
Léon-Paul Fargue Léon-Paul Fargue (, 4 March 187624 November 1947) was a French poet and essayist. He was born in Paris, France, on rue Coquilliére. As a poet he was noted for his poetry of atmosphere and detail. His work spanned numerous literary movements. ...
, French poet and author (d. 1947) * 1876 –
Theodore Hardeen Theodore "Dash" Hardeen (born Ferenc Dezső Weisz; March 4, 1876 – June 12, 1945) was a Hungarian-American magician and escape artist who was the younger brother of Harry Houdini. Hardeen, who usually billed himself as the "brother of H ...
, Hungarian-American magician (d. 1945) *
1877 Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed ''Empress of India'' by the ''Royal Titles Act 1876'', introduced by Benjamin Disraeli, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . * January 8 – Great S ...
Alexander Goedicke, Russian pianist and composer (d. 1957) * 1877 – Fritz Graebner, German geographer and ethnologist (d. 1934) * 1877 –
Garrett Morgan Garrett Augustus Morgan, Sr. (March 4, 1877 – July 27, 1963) was an American inventor, businessman, and community leader. His most notable inventions were a three-position traffic signal and a smoke hood (a predecessor to the gas mask) notably ...
, African-American inventor (d. 1963) *
1878 Events January–March * January 5 – Russo-Turkish War – Battle of Shipka Pass IV: Russian and Bulgarian forces defeat the Ottoman Empire. * January 9 – Umberto I becomes King of Italy. * January 17 – Battle ...
Takeo Arishima was a Japanese novelist, short-story writer and essayist during the late Meiji and Taishō periods. His two younger brothers, and , were also authors. His son was the internationally known film and stage actor, Masayuki Mori. Early life Ari ...
, Japanese author and critic (d. 1923) * 1878 –
Egbert Van Alstyne Egbert Anson Van Alstyne (March 4, 1878 – July 9, 1951) was an American songwriter and pianist. Van Alstyne was the composer of a number of popular and ragtime tunes of the early 20th century. Biography Van Alstyne was born in Marengo, ...
, American pianist and songwriter (d. 1951) *
1879 Events January–March * January 1 – The Specie Resumption Act takes effect. The United States Note is valued the same as gold, for the first time since the American Civil War. * January 11 – The Anglo-Zulu War begins. * Janu ...
Bernhard Kellermann, German author and poet (d. 1951) *
1880 Events January–March * January 22 – Toowong State School is founded in Queensland, Australia. * January – The international White slave trade affair scandal in Brussels is exposed and attracts international infamy. * February ...
Channing Pollock, American playwright and critic (d. 1946) * 1881
Todor Aleksandrov Todor Aleksandrov Poporushov, best known as Todor Alexandrov ( Bulgarian/Macedonian: Тодор Александров), also spelt as Alexandroff (4 March 1881 – 31 August 1924), was a Bulgarian revolutionary, army officer, politician and te ...
, Bulgarian educator and activist (d. 1924) * 1881 – Thomas Sigismund Stribling, American lawyer and author (d. 1965) * 1881 – Richard C. Tolman, American physicist and chemist (d. 1948) * 1882
Nicolae Titulescu Nicolae Titulescu (; 4 March 1882 – 17 March 1941) was a Romanian diplomat, at various times government minister, finance and foreign minister, and for two terms president of the General Assembly of the League of Nations (1930–32). Early y ...
, Romanian academic and politician, 61st Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1941) *
1883 Events January–March * January 4 – ''Life'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States. * January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people. * Janua ...
Maude Fealy Maude Fealy (born Maude Mary Hawk; March 4, 1883 – November 9, 1971) was an American stage and silent film actress whose career survived into the sound era. Early life Maude Mary Hawk was born on March 4, 1883 in Memphis, Tennessee, the daugh ...
, American actress and screenwriter (d. 1971) * 1883 –
Robert Emmett Keane Robert Emmett Keane (March 4, 1883 – July 2, 1981) was an American actor of both the stage and screen. Biography Keane began on stage in the 1910s, his first Broadway appearance being in the production of '' The Passing Show of 1914''. He co ...
, American actor (d. 1981) * 1883 –
Sam Langford Samuel Edgar Langford (March 4, 1886 – January 12, 1956), known as the Boston Tar Baby, Boston Terror and Boston Bonecrusher, was a Black Canadian boxing standout of the early part of the 20th century. Called the "Greatest Fighter Nobody Know ...
, Canadian-American boxer (d. 1956) *
1884 Events January–March * January 4 – The Fabian Society is founded in London. * January 5 – Gilbert and Sullivan's '' Princess Ida'' premières at the Savoy Theatre, London. * January 18 – Dr. William Price att ...
Red Murray John Joseph "Red" Murray (March 4, 1884 – December 4, 1958) was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball. Career Murray was born in Arnot, Pennsylvania. In 1902, he attended Lock Haven College, where he played football, basketball, an ...
, American baseball player (d. 1958) * 1884 –
Lee Shumway Lee Shumway (March 4, 1884 – January 4, 1959), born Leonard Charles Shumway, was an American actor. He appeared in more than 400 films between 1909 and 1953. He was born in Salt Lake City, Utah and died in Los Angeles, California. Select ...
, American actor (d. 1959) *
1886 Events January–March * January 1 – Upper Burma is formally annexed to British Burma, following its conquest in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of November 1885. * January 5– 9 – Robert Louis Stevenson's novella ''Strange ...
Paul Bazelaire Paul Bazelaire (4 March 1886 – 11 December 1958) was a French cellist and composer. Bazelaire was born in Sedan, Ardennes. He studied under Jules Delsart Jules Delsart (24 November 1844 – 3 July 1900)MacGregor, "Jules Delsart"Grove Music ...
, French cellist and composer (d. 1958) *
1888 In Germany, 1888 is known as the Year of the Three Emperors. Currently, it is the year that, when written in Roman numerals, has the most digits (13). The next year that also has 13 digits is the year 2388. The record will be surpassed as late ...
Rafaela Ottiano Rafaela Ottiano (4 March 1888 – 15 August 1942) was an Italian-American stage and film actress. Early life Rafaela Ottiano was born in Venice, Italy. She immigrated to the United States with her parents and was processed at Ellis Island in 1 ...
, Italian-American actress (d. 1942) * 1888 –
Jeff Pfeffer Edward Joseph Pfeffer (March 4, 1888 – August 15, 1972) born in Seymour, Illinois, was a pitcher for the St. Louis Browns (1911), Brooklyn Dodgers/Robins (1913–1921), St. Louis Cardinals (1921–1924) and Pittsburgh Pirates (1924). His ol ...
, American baseball player (d. 1972) * 1888 – Emma Richter, German paleontologist (d. 1956) * 1888 –
Knute Rockne Knut ( Norwegian and Swedish), Knud ( Danish), or Knútur (Icelandic) is a Scandinavian, German, and Dutch first name, of which the anglicised form is Canute. In Germany both "Knut" and "Knud" are used. In Spanish and Portuguese Canuto is use ...
, American football player and coach (d. 1931) *
1889 Events January–March * January 1 ** The total solar eclipse of January 1, 1889 is seen over parts of California and Nevada. ** Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka experiences a vision, leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in th ...
Oscar Chisini, Italian mathematician and statistician (d. 1967) * 1889 – Oren E. Long, American soldier and politician, 10th
Territorial Governor of Hawaii The governor of Hawaii ( haw, Ke Kiaʻaina o Hawaiʻi) is the head of government of the U.S. state of Hawaii and its various agencies and departments, as provided in the Hawaii State Constitution Article V, Sections 1 through 6. It is a direct ...
(d. 1965) * 1889 –
Pearl White Pearl Fay White (March 4, 1889 – August 4, 1938) was an American stage and film actress. She began her career on the stage at the age of six, and later moved on to silent films appearing in a number of popular serials. Dubbed the "Queen of ...
, American actress (d. 1938) * 1889 – Robert William Wood, English-American painter (d. 1979) *
1890 Events January–March * January 1 ** The Kingdom of Italy establishes Eritrea as its colony, in the Horn of Africa. ** In Michigan, the wooden steamer ''Mackinaw'' burns in a fire on the Black River. * January 2 ** The steamship '' ...
Norman Bethune Henry Norman Bethune (; March 4, 1890 – November 12, 1939; zh, t=亨利·諾爾曼·白求恩, p=Hēnglì Nuò'ěrmàn Báiqiú'ēn) was a Canadian thoracic surgeon, early advocate of socialized medicine, and member of the Communist Party ...
, Canadian soldier and physician (d. 1939) *
1891 Events January–March * January 1 ** Paying of old age pensions begins in Germany. ** A strike of 500 Hungarian steel workers occurs; 3,000 men are out of work as a consequence. **Germany takes formal possession of its new Africa ...
Dazzy Vance Charles Arthur "Dazzy" Vance (March 4, 1891 – February 16, 1961) was an American professional baseball player. He played as a pitcher for five different franchises in Major League Baseball (MLB) in a career that spanned twenty years. Known for ...
, American baseball player (d. 1961) *
1893 Events January–March * January 2 – Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers, which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America. * Mark Twain started writing Puddn'head Wilson. * January 6 – Th ...
Charles Herbert Colvin Charles Herbert Colvin (March 4, 1893 – July 3, 1985) was an aeronautical engineer who was the co-founder of the Pioneer Instrument Company in Brooklyn, with Brice Herbert Goldsborough and Morris M. Titterington. Biography Colvin was born ...
, American engineer, co-founded the
Pioneer Instrument Company The Pioneer Instrument Company was an American aircraft component manufacturer. History The Pioneer Instrument Company was started by Morris Maxey Titterington and Brice Herbert Goldsborough in Brooklyn, New York in 1919 using patents from the ...
(d. 1985) * 1893 –
Adolph Lowe Adolph Lowe (born ''Adolf Löwe''; 4 March 1893 – 3 June 1995) was a German sociologist and economist. His best known student was Robert Heilbroner. He was born in Stuttgart and died in Wolfenbüttel. Major publications of Adolph Lowe ...
, German sociologist and economist (d. 1995) *
1894 Events January–March * January 4 – A military alliance is established between the French Third Republic and the Russian Empire. * January 7 – William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film in the United S ...
Charles Corm, Lebanese businessman and philanthropist (d. 1963) *
1895 Events January–March * January 5 – Dreyfus affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank, and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island. * January 12 – The National Trust for Places of Histor ...
Milt Gross, American animator, director, and screenwriter (d. 1953) *
1896 Events January–March * January 2 – The Jameson Raid comes to an end, as Jameson surrenders to the Boers. * January 4 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state. * January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports that Wil ...
Kai Holm Kai Holm (4 March 1896 – 10 July 1985) was a Danish film actor. He appeared in 41 films between 1927 and 1979. He was born in Lemvig, Denmark and died in Denmark. Filmography *''Vester Vov-Vov'' - 1927 *'' Tordenstenene'' - 1927 *'' Ha ...
, Danish actor and director (d. 1985) *
1897 Events January–March * January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in New York City. * January 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a punit ...
Lefty O'Doul Francis Joseph "Lefty" O'Doul (March 4, 1897 – December 7, 1969) was an American Major League Baseball player who went on to become an extraordinarily successful manager in the minor leagues. He was also a vital figure in the establishmen ...
, American baseball player and manager (d. 1969) *
1898 Events January–March * January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, B ...
– Georges Dumézil, French philologist and academic (d. 1986) * 1898 – Hans Krebs (Wehrmacht general), Hans Krebs, German general (d. 1945) *
1899 Events January 1899 * January 1 ** Spanish rule ends in Cuba, concluding 400 years of the Spanish Empire in the Americas. ** Queens and Staten Island become administratively part of New York City. * January 2 – **Bolivia sets up a ...
– Peter Illing, Austrian born, British film and television actor (d. 1966) * 1899 – Emilio Prados, Spanish poet and author (d. 1962) *1900 – Herbert Biberman, American director and screenwriter (d. 1971)


1901–present

*
1901 Events January * January 1 – The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia federate as the Commonwealth of Australia; Edmund Barton becomes the first Prime Min ...
– Wilbur R. Franks, Canadian scientist, invented the g-suit (d. 1986) * 1901 – Charles Goren, American bridge player and author (d. 1991) * 1901 – Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo, Malagasy-French author, poet, and playwright (d. 1937) *1902 – Rachel Messerer, Lithuanian-Russian actress (d. 1993) * 1902 – Russell Reeder, American soldier and author (d. 1998) *1903 – William C. Boyd, American immunologist and chemist (d. 1983) * 1903 – Malcolm Dole, American chemist and academic (d. 1990) * 1903 – Dorothy Mackaill, English-American actress and singer (d. 1990) * 1903 – John Scarne, American magician and author (d. 1985) *1904 – Luis Carrero Blanco, Spanish admiral and politician, 69th President of the Government of Spain (d. 1973) * 1904 – George Gamow, Ukrainian-American physicist and cosmologist (d. 1968) * 1904 – Joseph Schmidt, Austrian-Hungarian tenor and actor (d. 1942) *1906 – Meindert DeJong, Dutch-American soldier and author (d. 1991) * 1906 – Avery Fisher, American violinist and engineer, founded Fisher Electronics (d. 1994) * 1906 – Georges Ronsse, Belgian cyclist and manager (d. 1969) *1907 – Edgar Barrier, American actor (d. 1964) *
1908 Events January * January 1 – The British ''Nimrod'' Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton sets sail from New Zealand on the ''Nimrod'' for Antarctica. * January 3 – A total solar eclipse is visible in the Pacific Ocean, and is the 4 ...
– T. R. M. Howard, American surgeon and activist (d. 1976) * 1908 – Thomas Shaw (blues musician), Thomas Shaw, American singer and guitarist (d. 1977) *
1909 Events January–February * January 4 – Explorer Aeneas Mackintosh of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition escaped death by fleeing across ice floes. * January 7 – Colombia recognizes the independence of Panama. * J ...
– Harry Helmsley, American businessman (d. 1997) * 1909 – George Edward Holbrook, American chemist and engineer (d. 1987) *1910 – Tancredo Neves, Brazilian lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of Brazil (d. 1985) *1911 – Charles Greville, 7th Earl of Warwick, English actor (d. 1984) *1912 – Afro Basaldella, Italian painter and academic (d. 1976) * 1912 – Ferdinand Leitner, German conductor and composer (d. 1996) * 1912 – Carl Marzani, Italian-American activist and publisher (d. 1994) *
1913 Events January * January 5 – First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not venture for the rest of the ...
– Taos Amrouche, Algerian singer and author (d. 1976) * 1913 – John Garfield, American actor and singer (d. 1952) *1914 – Barbara Newhall Follett, American author (d. 1939) * 1914 – Ward Kimball, American animator, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2002) * 1914 – Robert R. Wilson, American physicist, sculptor, and architect (d. 2000) *1915 – László Csatáry, Hungarian art dealer (d. 2013) * 1915 – Frank Sleeman, Australian lieutenant and politician, Lord Mayor of Brisbane (d. 2000) * 1915 – Carlos Surinach, Spanish-Catalan composer and conductor (d. 1997) *1916 – William Alland, American actor, director, and producer (d. 1997) * 1916 – Giorgio Bassani, Italian author and poet (d. 2000) * 1916 – Hans Eysenck, German-English psychologist and theorist (d. 1997) * 1916 – Ernest Titterton, British Australian nuclear physicist (d. 1990) *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary For ...
– Clyde McCullough, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1982) *1918 – Kurt Dahlmann, German pilot, lawyer, and journalist (d. 2017) * 1918 – Margaret Osborne duPont, American tennis player (d. 2012) *1919 – Buck Baker, American race car driver (d. 2002) * 1919 – Tan Chee Khoon, Malaysian physician and politician (d. 1996) *1920 – Jean Lecanuet, French politician, Ministry of Justice (France), French Minister of Justice (d. 1993) * 1920 – Alan MacNaughtan, Scottish-English actor (d. 2002) *1921 – Halim El-Dabh, Egyptian-American composer and educator (d. 2017) * 1921 – Joan Greenwood, English actress (d. 1987) * 1921 – Dinny Pails, English-Australian tennis player (d. 1986) *1922 – Richard E. Cunha, American director and cinematographer (d. 2005) * 1922 – Dina Pathak, Indian actor and director (d. 2002) *1923 – Russell Freeburg, American journalist and author * 1923 – Francis King, English author and poet (d. 2011) * 1923 – Patrick Moore, English astronomer and television host (d. 2012) *1924 – Kenneth O'Donnell, American soldier and politician (d. 1977) *1925 – Alan R. Battersby, English chemist and academic (d. 2018) * 1925 – Paul Mauriat, French conductor and composer (d. 2006) *1926 – Henri de Contenson, French archaeologist and academic (d. 2019) * 1926 – Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma, French businessman, soldier and racing driver (d. 2018) * 1926 – Richard DeVos, American businessman and philanthropist, co-founded Amway (d. 2018) * 1926 – Pascual Pérez (boxer), Pascual Pérez, Argentinian boxer (d. 1977) * 1926 – Don Rendell, English saxophonist and flute player (d. 2015) *1927 – Phil Batt, American soldier and politician, 29th Governor of Idaho * 1927 – Thayer David, American actor (d. 1978) * 1927 – Jacques Dupin, French poet and critic (d. 2012) * 1927 – Dick Savitt, American tennis player and businessman *1928 – Samuel Adler (composer), Samuel Adler, German-American composer and conductor * 1928 – Alan Sillitoe, English novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet (d. 2010) *1929 – Bernard Haitink, Dutch violinist and conductor (d. 2021) * 1929 – Peter Swerling, American theoretician and engineer (d. 2000) *1931 – Wally Bruner, American journalist and television host (d. 1997) * 1931 – Bob Johnson (ice hockey, born 1931), Bob Johnson, American ice hockey player and coach (d. 1991) * 1931 – William Henry Keeler, American cardinal (d. 2017) * 1931 – Alice Rivlin, American economist and politician (d. 2019) *1932 – Sigurd Jansen, Norwegian pianist, composer, and conductor * 1932 – Ryszard Kapuściński, Polish journalist, photographer, and poet (d. 2007) * 1932 – Miriam Makeba, South African singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2008) * 1932 – Ed Roth, American illustrator (d. 2001) * 1932 – Frank Wells, American businessman (d. 1994) *
1933 Events January * January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wis ...
– Nino Vaccarella, Italian racing driver (d. 2021) *1934 – Mario Davidovsky, Argentinian-American composer and academic (d. 2019) * 1934 – John Duffey, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1996) * 1934 – Anne Haney, American actress (d. 2001) * 1934 – Barbara McNair, American singer and actress (d. 2007) * 1934 – Sandra Reynolds, South African tennis player * 1934 – Janez Strnad, Slovenian physicist and academic (d. 2015) *1935 – Edward Dębicki, Ukrainian-Polish poet and composer * 1935 – Bent Larsen, Danish chess player and author (d. 2010) *1936 – Eric Allandale, Dominican trombonist and songwriter (d. 2001) * 1936 – Jim Clark, Scottish racing driver (d. 1968) * 1936 – Aribert Reimann, German pianist and composer *1937 – José Araquistáin, Spanish footballer * 1937 – William Deverell, Canadian lawyer, author, and activist * 1937 – Graham Dowling, New Zealand cricketer * 1937 – Leslie H. Gelb, American journalist and author (d. 2019) * 1937 – Yuri Senkevich, Russian physician and explorer (d. 2003) * 1937 – Barney Wilen, French saxophonist and composer (d. 1996) * 1937 – Richard B. Wright, Canadian journalist and author (d. 2017) *1938 – Anton Balasingham, Sri Lankan-English negotiator (d. 2006) * 1938 – Alpha Condé, Guinean politician, President of Guinea * 1938 – Allan Kornblum, American police officer and judge (d. 2010) * 1938 – Don Perkins, American football player and sportscaster * 1938 – Paula Prentiss, American actress * 1938 – Adam Daniel Rotfeld, Polish academic and politician, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland), Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs *1939 – Jack Fisher, American baseball player * 1939 – Robert Shaye, American film producer *1940 – Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem, German scholar and judge * 1940 – David Plante, American novelist *
1941 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January– August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar E ...
– John Hancock (actor), John Hancock, American film and television actor (d. 1992) * 1941 – Adrian Lyne, English director, producer, and screenwriter * 1941 – James Zagel, American lawyer and judge *1942 – Gloria Gaither, American singer-songwriter * 1942 – Charles C. Krulak, American general * 1942 – David Matthews (keyboardist), David Matthews, American keyboard player and composer * 1942 – Lynn Sherr, American journalist and author * 1942 – James Gustave Speth, American lawyer and politician * 1942 – Zorán Sztevanovity, Serbian-Hungarian singer-songwriter and guitarist *
1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 – ...
– Lucio Dalla, Italian singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2012) * 1943 – Aldo Rico, Argentinian commander and politician *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in No ...
– Harvey Postlethwaite, English engineer (d. 1999) * 1944 – Anthony Ichiro Sanda, Japanese-American physicist and academic * 1944 – Len Walker, English footballer and manager * 1944 – Bobby Womack, American singer-songwriter (d. 2014) *1945 – Tommy Svensson, Swedish footballer and manager * 1945 – Gary Williams, American basketball player and coach *1946 – Michael Ashcroft, English businessman and politician * 1946 – Danny Frisella, American baseball player (d. 1977) * 1946 – Haile Gerima, Ethiopian born US filmmaker * 1946 – Patricia Kennealy-Morrison, American journalist and author *1947 – David Franzoni, American screenwriter and film producer * 1947 – Jan Garbarek, Norwegian saxophonist and composer * 1947 – Bob Lewis (musician), Bob Lewis, American guitarist * 1947 – Pēteris Plakidis, Latvian pianist and composer (d. 2017) *1948 – Lindy Chamberlain-Creighton, New Zealand-Australian author * 1948 – James Ellroy, American writer * 1948 – Tom Grieve, American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster * 1948 – Mike Moran (music producer), Mike Moran, English musician, songwriter and record producer * 1948 – Jean O'Leary, American nun and activist (d. 2005) * 1948 – Chris Squire, English singer-songwriter and bass guitarist (d. 2015) * 1948 – Shakin' Stevens, British singer-songwriter *1949 – Sergei Bagapsh, Abkhazian politician, 2nd President of Abkhazia (d. 2011) * 1949 – Carroll Baker (singer), Carroll Baker, Canadian singer-songwriter *1950 – Ofelia Medina, Mexican actress and screenwriter * 1950 – Rick Perry, American captain and politician, 47th Governor of Texas * 1950 – Safet Plakalo, Bosnian author and playwright (d. 2015) *1951 – Edelgard Bulmahn, German educator and politician, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Federal Minister of Education and Research * 1951 – Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, South Korean-American author, director, and producer (d. 1982) * 1951 – Kenny Dalglish, Scottish footballer and manager * 1951 – Pete Haycock, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2013) * 1951 – Peter O'Sullivan (Welsh footballer), Peter O'Sullivan, Welsh international footballer * 1951 – Sam Perlozzo, American baseball player and manager * 1951 – Chris Rea, English singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1951 – Glenis Willmott, English scientist and politician * 1951 – Zoran Žižić, Montenegrin politician, 4th Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (d. 2013) *1952 – Peter Kuhfeld, English painter * 1952 – Ronn Moss, American singer-songwriter and actor * 1952 – Svend Robinson, American-Canadian lawyer and politician * 1952 – Umberto Tozzi, Italian singer-songwriter and producer *1953 – John Edwards (producer), John Edwards, Australian director and producer * 1953 – Emilio Estefan, Cuban-American drummer and producer * 1953 – Paweł Janas, Polish footballer and manager * 1953 – Ray Price (rugby), Ray Price, Australian rugby player and sportscaster * 1953 – Reinhold Roth, German motorcycle racer * 1953 – Chris Smith (New Jersey politician), Chris Smith, American lawyer and politician * 1953 – Agustí Villaronga, Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter * 1953 – Daniel Woodrell, American novelist and short story writer *1954 – Timur Apakidze, Russian general and pilot (d. 2001) * 1954 – Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, Korean American author (d. 1982) * 1954 – François Fillon, French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France * 1954 – Peter Jacobsen, American golfer and sportscaster * 1954 – Catherine O'Hara, Canadian-American actress and comedian * 1954 – Irina Ratushinskaya, Russian poet and author (d. 2017) *
1955 Events January * January 3 – José Ramón Guizado becomes president of Panama. * January 17 – , the first nuclear-powered submarine, puts to sea for the first time, from Groton, Connecticut. * January 18– 20 – Battle of Yiji ...
– Tim Costello, Australian minister and politician * 1955 – Joey Jones, Welsh footballer and manager *
1957 1957 (Roman numerals, MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday, common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, t ...
– Nicholas Coleridge, English journalist and businessman * 1957 – Ron Fassler, American film and television actor and author * 1957 – Mykelti Williamson, American actor and director *1958 – Patricia Heaton, American actress * 1958 – Massimo Mascioletti, Italian rugby player and coach * 1958 – Tina Smith, American politician, junior senator of Minnesota *1959 – Rick Ardon, Australian journalist * 1959 – Plamen Getov, Bulgarian footballer *
1960 It is also known as the " Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * J ...
– Chonda Pierce, American comedian *1961 – Ray Mancini, American boxer * 1961 – Roger Wessels, South African golfer and educator *1963 – Jason Newsted, American heavy metal singer-songwriter and bass player *1964 – Brian Crowley, Irish lawyer and politician * 1964 – Paolo Virzì, Italian director and screenwriter *1965 – Greg Alexander, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster * 1965 – Paul W. S. Anderson, English director, producer, and screenwriter * 1965 – Khaled Hosseini, Afghan-born American novelist * 1965 – Yury Lonchakov, Russian pilot, and cosmonaut *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo is ...
– Emese Hunyady, Hungarian speed skater * 1966 – Kevin Johnson (basketball), Kevin Johnson, American basketball player and politician, 55th Mayor of Sacramento * 1966 – Fiona Ma, American accountant and politician * 1966 – Helmut Mayer, Austrian skier * 1966 – Glen Nissen, Australian rugby league player * 1966 – Dav Pilkey, American author and illustrator * 1966 – Grand Puba, American rapper * 1966 – Mike Small (golfer), Mike Small, American golfer and coach *1967 – Daryll Cullinan, South African cricketer and coach * 1967 – Evan Dando, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1967 – Ivan Lewis, English lawyer and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland * 1967 – Terry Matterson, Australian rugby league player and coach * 1967 – Dave Rayner (cyclist), Dave Rayner, English cyclist (d. 1994) * 1967 – Sam Taylor-Johnson, English filmmaker and photographer * 1967 – Kubilay Türkyilmaz, Swiss footballer * 1967 – Tim Vine, English comedian, actor, and author *1968 – Giovanni Carrara, Venezuelan baseball player * 1968 – Jorge Celedón, Colombian singer * 1968 – Patsy Kensit, English model and actress * 1968 – Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Greek banker and politician, Prime Minister of Greece * 1968 – Graham Westley, English footballer and manager *1969 – Pierluigi Casiraghi, Italian footballer and manager * 1969 – Wayne Collins (footballer), Wayne Collins, English footballer * 1969 – Annie Yi, Taiwanese singer, actress, and writer *
1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (''Extreme''). Between 10,000 and 1 ...
– Àlex Crivillé, Spanish motorcycle racer * 1970 – Will Keen, English actor * 1970 – Caroline Vis, Dutch tennis player *1971 – Iain Baird, Canadian soccer player and manager * 1971 – Claire Baker, Scottish politician * 1971 – Anders Kjølholm, Danish bass player * 1971 – Satoshi Motoyama, Japanese racing driver *1972 – Katherine Center, American journalist and author * 1972 – Nocturno Culto, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1972 – Robert Smith (running back), Robert Smith, American football player and sportscaster * 1972 – Ivy Queen, Puerto Rican singer, songwriter, rapper, actress and record producer * 1972 – Jos Verstappen, Dutch racing driver * 1972 – Alison Wheeler, English singer-songwriter *1973 – Massimo Brambilla, Italian footballer and coach * 1973 – Phillip Daniels, American football player and coach * 1973 – Valery Kobelev, Russian ski jumper * 1973 – Penny Mordaunt, English lieutenant and politician, Minister of State for the Armed Forces * 1973 – Linus of Hollywood, American singer-songwriter and producer * 1973 – Len Wiseman, American director, producer, and screenwriter * 1973 – Chandra Sekhar Yeleti, Indian director and screenwriter *1974 – Crowbar (wrestler), Crowbar, American wrestler * 1974 – Mladen Krstajić, Serbian footballer and manager * 1974 – Karol Kučera, Slovak tennis player * 1974 – Ariel Ortega, Argentinian footballer * 1974 – Tommy Phelps, South Korean-American baseball player and coach * 1974 – ICS Vortex, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1974 – David Wagner (tennis), David Wagner, American tennis player and educator * 1974 – Bill Young (rugby union), Bill Young, Australian rugby player *1975 – Mats Eilertsen, Norwegian bassist and composer * 1975 – Patrick Femerling, German basketball player * 1975 – Antti Aalto, Finnish ice hockey player * 1975 – Kristi Harrower, Australian basketball player * 1975 – Hawksley Workman, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist *
1976 Events January * January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 11 – The 1976 Phil ...
– Robbie Blake, English footballer * 1976 – Tommy Jönsson, Swedish footballer *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrati ...
– Nacho Figueras, Argentinian polo player and model * 1977 – Traver Rains, American fashion designer and photographer *1978 – Pierre Dagenais, Canadian ice hockey player * 1978 – Denis Dallan, Italian rugby player and singer * 1978 – Jean-Marc Pelletier, American ice hockey player *1979 – Sarah Stock, Canadian wrestler and trainer *
1980 Events January * January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a United States grain embargo against the Soviet Union, grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission. * January 6 – Global Positioning Syst ...
– Rohan Bopanna, Indian tennis player * 1980 – Omar Bravo, Mexican footballer * 1980 – Suzanna Choffel, American singer-songwriter * 1980 – Giedrius Gustas, Lithuanian basketball player * 1980 – Scott Hamilton (rugby union), Scott Hamilton, New Zealand rugby player and coach * 1980 – Jack Hannahan, American baseball player * 1980 – Michael Henrich, American ice hockey player * 1980 – Phil McGuire (footballer), Phil McGuire, Scottish footballer and manager * 1980 – Aja Volkman, American singer-songwriter *1981 – Ariza Makukula, Portuguese footballer * 1981 – Helen Wyman, English cyclist *1982 – Landon Donovan, American soccer player and coach * 1982 – Cate Edwards, American lawyer and author * 1982 – Ludmila Ezhova, Russian gymnast * 1982 – Yasemin Mori, Turkish singer *1983 – Samuel Contesti, French-Italian figure skater * 1983 – Adam Deacon, English film actor, rapper, writer and director * 1983 – Jaque Fourie, South African rugby player * 1983 – Drew Houston, American Internet entrepreneur *1984 – Josh Bowman, English actor * 1984 – Tamir Cohen, Israeli footballer * 1984 – Anders Grøndal, Norwegian racing driver * 1984 – Spencer Larsen, American football player * 1984 – Jeremy Loops, South African singer-songwriter and record producer * 1984 – Raven Quinn, American singer-songwriter * 1984 – Zak Whitbread, American-English footballer *
1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
– Jake Buxton, English footballer * 1985 – Chinedum Ndukwe, American football player * 1985 – Whitney Port, American fashion designer and author *
1986 The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 **Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. **Spain and Portugal enter ...
– Steven Burke, English road and track cyclist * 1986 – Tom De Mul, Belgian footballer * 1986 – Mike Krieger, Brazilian-American computer programmer and businessman, co-founded Instagram * 1986 – Park Min-young, South Korean actress * 1986 – Siim Roops, Estonian footballer * 1986 – Bohdan Shust, Ukrainian footballer * 1986 – Manu Vatuvei, New Zealand rugby league player * 1986 – Margo Harshman, American actress *1987 – Ben McKinley, Australian footballer * 1987 – Cameron Wood, Australian footballer * 1987 – Tamzin Merchant, English actress *1988 – Gal Mekel, Israeli basketball player * 1988 – Laura Siegemund, German tennis player * 1988 – Adam Watts (footballer), Adam Watts, English footballer *1989 – Benjamin Kiplagat, Ugandan long-distance runner *
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
– Andrea Bowen, American actress * 1990 – Draymond Green, American basketball player * 1990 – Paddy Madden, Irish footballer * 1990 – Fran Mérida, Spanish footballer *1992 – Nick Castellanos, American baseball player * 1992 – Erik Lamela, Argentinian international footballer * 1992 – Bernd Leno, German footballer * 1992 – Karl Mööl, Estonian footballer *1993 – Bobbi Kristina Brown, American singer and actress (d. 2015) * 1993 – Richard Peniket, English footballer *
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson Ma ...
– Callum Harriott, English footballer * 1994 – AJ Tracey, British hip-hop artist and record producer *1995 – Chlöe Howl, British singer-songwriter * 1995 – Bill Milner, English actor *
1996 File:1996 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: A bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, set off by a radical anti-abortionist; The center fuel tank explodes on TWA Flight 800, causing the plane to crash and killing everyone on b ...
– Lukas Webb, Australian rules footballer *
2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan ...
– Freya Anderson, English freestyle swimmer *
2002 File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains independence from Indonesia and ...
– Jacob Hopkins, American actor *2007 – Miya Cech, American actress


Deaths


Pre-1600

*
306 __NOTOC__ Year 306 ( CCCVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantius and Valerius (or, less frequently, year 105 ...
– Adrian and Natalia of Nicomedia, Christian martyrs * 480 – Landry of Sées, French bishop and saint * 561 – Pope Pelagius I, Pelagius I, pope of the Catholic Church * 934 – Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah, Fatimid caliph (b. 873) *1172 – Stephen III of Hungary, Stephen III, king of Hungary (b. 1147) *1193 – Saladin, founder of the Ayyubid Sultanate (b. 1137) *
1238 Year 1238 ( MCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Mongol Empire * January 15– 20 – Siege of Moscow: The Mongols under Batu Khan a ...
– Joan of England, Queen of Scotland, Joan of England, queen of Scotland (b. 1210) * 1238 – Yuri II of Vladimir, Yuri II, Russian Grand Prince (b. 1189) *1303 – Daniel of Moscow, Russian Grand Duke (b. 1261) *1314 – Jakub Świnka, Polish priest and archbishop *1371 – Jeanne d'Évreux, queen consort of France (b. 1310) *1388 – Thomas Usk, English author *
1484 Year 1484 ( MCDLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1484th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 484th year of the 2nd millennium, the 84th ye ...
– Saint Casimir, Polish prince (b. 1458) *1496 – Sigismund, Archduke of Austria, Sigismund, archduke of Austria (b. 1427) *1556 – Leonhard Kleber, German organist (b. 1495) *1583 – Bernard Gilpin, English priest and theologian (b. 1517)


1601–1900

*1604 – Fausto Sozzini, Italian theologian and educator (b. 1539) *1615 – Hans von Aachen, German painter and educator (b. 1552) *1710 – Louis, Prince of Condé (1668–1710), Louis III, duke of Bourbon (b. 1668) *1733 – Claude de Forbin, French admiral and politician (b. 1656) *1744 – John Anstis, English historian and politician (b. 1669) *1762 – Johannes Zick, German painter (b. 1702) *
1793 The French Republic introduced the French Revolutionary Calendar starting with the year I. Events January–June * January 7 – The Ebel riot occurs in Sweden. * January 9 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to ...
– Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre (b. 1725) *1795 – John Collins (Continental Congress), John Collins, American politician, 3rd List of Governors of Rhode Island, Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1717) *1805 – Jean-Baptiste Greuze, French painter (b. 1725) *1807 – Abraham Baldwin, American minister, lawyer, and politician (b. 1754) *1811 – Mariano Moreno, Argentinian journalist, lawyer, and politician (b. 1778) *1832 – Jean-François Champollion, French philologist and scholar (b. 1790) *
1851 Events January–March * January 11 – Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion. * January 15 – Christian Female College, modern-day Columbia College, receives its charter from the Missouri General Assembly. ...
– James Richardson (explorer), James Richardson, English explorer (b. 1809) *1852 – Nikolai Gogol, Ukrainian-Russian short story writer, novelist, and playwright (b. 1809) *1853 – Thomas Bladen Capel, English admiral (b. 1776) * 1853 – Christian Leopold von Buch, German geologist and paleontologist (b. 1774) *1858 – Matthew C. Perry, American naval commander (b. 1794) *
1864 Events January–March * January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster (" Oh! Susanna", " Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song ...
– Thomas Starr King, American minister and politician (b. 1824) *
1866 Events January–March * January 1 ** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee. ** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine ''The Liberator'' is published. * January 6 – Ottoman troo ...
– Alexander Campbell (clergyman), Alexander Campbell, Irish-American minister and theologian (b. 1788) *1872 – Carsten Hauch, Danish poet and playwright (b. 1790) *
1883 Events January–March * January 4 – ''Life'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States. * January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people. * Janua ...
– Alexander H. Stephens, American lawyer and politician, Vice President of the Confederate States of America (b. 1812) *
1888 In Germany, 1888 is known as the Year of the Three Emperors. Currently, it is the year that, when written in Roman numerals, has the most digits (13). The next year that also has 13 digits is the year 2388. The record will be surpassed as late ...
– Amos Bronson Alcott, American philosopher and educator (b. 1799)


1901–present

*1903 – Joseph Henry Shorthouse, English author (b. 1834) *1906 – John Schofield, American general and politician, 28th United States Secretary of War (b. 1831) *1915 – William Willett, English inventor, founded British Summer Time (b. 1856) *1916 – Franz Marc, German painter (b. 1880) *1925 – Moritz Moszkowski, Polish-German pianist and composer (b. 1854) * 1925 – James Ward (psychologist), James Ward, English psychologist and philosopher (b. 1843) * 1925 – John Montgomery Ward, American baseball player and manager (b. 1860) *1927 – Ira Remsen, American chemist and academic (b. 1846) *1938 – George Foster Peabody, American banker and philanthropist (b. 1852) * 1938 – Jack Taylor (1900s pitcher), Jack Taylor, American baseball player (b. 1874) *1940 – Hamlin Garland, American novelist, poet, essayist, and short story writer (b. 1860) *
1941 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January– August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar E ...
– Ludwig Quidde, German activist and politician, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1858) *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in No ...
– Fannie Barrier Williams, American educator and activist (b. 1855) * 1944 – Louis Buchalter, American mob boss (b. 1897) * 1944 – Louis Capone, Italian-American gangster (b. 1896) * 1944 – René Lefebvre, French businessman (b. 1879) *1945 – Lucille La Verne, American actress (b. 1872) * 1945 – Mark Sandrich, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1900) *1948 – Antonin Artaud, French actor and director (b. 1896) *1949 – Clarence Kingsbury, English cyclist (b. 1882) *1952 – Charles Scott Sherrington, English neurophysiologist and pathologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857) *1954 – Noel Gay, English composer and songwriter (b. 1898) *
1960 It is also known as the " Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * J ...
– Herbert O'Conor, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 51st Governor of Maryland (b. 1896) *1963 – William Carlos Williams, American poet, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1883) *1969 – Nicholas Schenck, Russian-American businessman (b. 1881) *1972 – Harold Barrowclough, New Zealand general, lawyer, and politician, 8th Chief Justice of New Zealand (b. 1894) * 1972 – Charles Biro, American author and illustrator (b. 1911) *1974 – Adolph Gottlieb, American painter and sculptor (b. 1903) *
1976 Events January * January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 11 – The 1976 Phil ...
– John Marvin Jones, American judge and politician (b. 1882) * 1976 – Walter H. Schottky, Swiss-German physicist and engineer (b. 1886) *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrati ...
– Anatol E. Baconsky, Romanian poet, author, and critic (b. 1925) * 1977 – Nancy Tyson Burbidge, Australian botanist and curator (b. 1912) * 1977 – Andrés Caicedo, Colombian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1951) * 1977 – William Paul (attorney), William Paul, American lawyer and politician (b. 1885) * 1977 – Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, German jurist and politician, Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany), German Minister for Foreign Affairs (b. 1887) *1978 – Wesley Bolin, American businessman and politician, 15th Governor of Arizona (b. 1909) * 1978 – Joe Marsala, American clarinet player and songwriter (b. 1907) *1979 – Willi Unsoeld, American mountaineer and educator (b. 1926) *
1980 Events January * January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a United States grain embargo against the Soviet Union, grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission. * January 6 – Global Positioning Syst ...
– Alan Hardaker, English lieutenant and businessman (b. 1912) *1981 – Torin Thatcher, American actor (b. 1905) * 1981 – Karl-Jesko von Puttkamer, German admiral (b. 1900) *
1986 The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 **Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. **Spain and Portugal enter ...
– Albert L. Lehninger, American biochemist and academic (b. 1917) * 1986 – Richard Manuel, Canadian singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1943) * 1986 – Elizabeth Smart (Canadian author), Elizabeth Smart, Canadian poet and author (b. 1913) *1987 – Seibo Kitamura, Japanese sculptor (b. 1884) *1988 – Beatriz Guido, Argentine author and screenwriter (b. 1924) *1989 – Tiny Grimes, American guitarist (b. 1916) *
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
Hank Gathers Eric Wilson "Hank" Gathers Jr. (February 11, 1967 – March 4, 1990) was an American college basketball player for the Loyola Marymount Lions in the West Coast Conference (WCC). As a junior in 1989, he became the second player in NCAA Division I ...
, American basketball player (b. 1967) *1991 – Godfrey Bryan, English cricketer (b. 1902) *1992 – Art Babbitt, American animator and director (b. 1907) * 1992 – Pare Lorentz, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1905) *1993 – Art Hodes, Ukrainian-American pianist and composer (b. 1904) * 1993 – Tomislav Ivčić, Croatian singer-songwriter and politician (b. 1953) * 1993 – Izaak Kolthoff, Dutch chemist and academic (b. 1894) * 1993 – Nicholas Ridley, Baron Ridley of Liddesdale, English lieutenant and politician, Secretary of State for the Environment (b. 1929) *
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson Ma ...
– John Candy, Canadian comedian and actor (b. 1950) * 1994 – George Edward Hughes, Irish-Scottish philosopher and author (b. 1918) *1995 – Matt Urban, American colonel, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1919) *
1996 File:1996 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: A bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, set off by a radical anti-abortionist; The center fuel tank explodes on TWA Flight 800, causing the plane to crash and killing everyone on b ...
– Minnie Pearl, American entertainer (b. 1912) * 1996 – John Sauer, American football player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1925) *1997 – Joe Baker-Cresswell, English captain (b. 1901) * 1997 – Robert H. Dicke, American physicist and astronomer (b. 1916) *
1998 1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently s ...
– Ivan Dougherty, Australian general (b. 1907) *1999 – Harry Blackmun, American lawyer and judge (b. 1908) * 1999 – Del Close, American actor and educator (b. 1934) * 1999 – Miłosz Magin, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1929) *2000 – Hermann Brück, German-Scottish physicist and astronomer (b. 1905) * 2000 – Michael Noonan (Australian writer), Michael Noonan, New Zealand-Australian author and screenwriter (b. 1921) * 2000 – Ta-You Wu, Chinese physicist and academic (b. 1907) *
2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan ...
– Gerardo Barbero, Argentinian chess player (b. 1961) * 2001 – Jean René Bazaine, French painter and author (b. 1904) * 2001 – Fred Lasswell, American cartoonist (b. 1916) * 2001 – Jim Rhodes, American businessman and politician, 61st Governor of Ohio (b. 1909) * 2001 – Harold Stassen, American educator and politician, 25th Governor of Minnesota (b. 1907) *
2002 File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains independence from Indonesia and ...
– Ugnė Karvelis, Lithuanian author and translator (b. 1935) * 2002 – Elyne Mitchell, Australian skier and author (b. 1913) * 2002 – Velibor Vasović, Serbian footballer and manager (b. 1939) *2003 – Jaba Ioseliani, Georgian playwright, academic, and politician (b. 1926) * 2003 – Sébastien Japrisot, French author, screenwriter, and director (b. 1931) *2004 – Claude Nougaro, French singer-songwriter (b. 1929) *2005 – Nicola Calipari, Italian general (b. 1953) * 2005 – Yuriy Kravchenko, Ukrainian police officer and politician (b. 1951) * 2005 – Carlos Sherman, Uruguayan-Belarusian author and activist (b. 1934) *2006 – John Reynolds Gardiner, American author and engineer (b. 1944) * 2006 – Edgar Valter, Estonian author and illustrator (b. 1929) *2007 – Thomas Eagleton, American lawyer and politician, 38th Lieutenant Governor of Missouri (b. 1929) * 2007 – Tadeusz Nalepa, Polish singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1934) * 2007 – Ian Wooldridge, English journalist (b. 1932) *2008 – Gary Gygax, American game designer, co-created ''Dungeons & Dragons'' (b. 1938) * 2008 – Leonard Rosenman, American composer and conductor (b. 1924) *
2009 File:2009 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The vertical stabilizer of Air France Flight 447 is pulled out from the Atlantic Ocean; Barack Obama becomes the first African American to become President of the United States; 2009 Iran ...
– Yvon Cormier, Canadian wrestler (b. 1938) * 2009 – Horton Foote, American playwright and screenwriter (b. 1916) * 2009 – George McAfee, American football player (b. 1918) *2010 – Raimund Abraham, Austrian architect and educator, designed the Austrian Cultural Forum New York (b. 1933) * 2010 – Johnny Alf, Brazilian pianist and composer (b. 1929) * 2010 – Vladislav Ardzinba, Abkhazian historian and politician, 1st President of Abkhazia (b. 1945) * 2010 – Fred Wedlock, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1942) *2011 – Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Nepalese journalist and politician, 29th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1924) * 2011 – Vivienne Harris (businesswoman), Vivienne Harris, English journalist and publisher, co-founded the ''Jewish Telegraph'' (b. 1921) * 2011 – Ed Manning, American basketball player and coach (b. 1943) * 2011 – Arjun Singh (former politician), Arjun Singh, Indian politician (b. 1930) * 2011 – Alenush Terian, Iranian astronomer and physicist (b. 1920) * 2011 – Simon van der Meer, Dutch-Swiss physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1925) *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
– Paul McBride, Scottish lawyer and politician (b. 1965) * 2012 – Don Mincher, American baseball player (b. 1938) *2013 – Lillian Cahn, Hungarian-American businesswoman, co-founded Coach, Inc. (b. 1923) * 2013 – Mickey Moore, Canadian-American actor and director (b. 1914) * 2013 – Toren Smith, Canadian businessman, founded Studio Proteus (b. 1960) *2014 – Mark Freidkin, Russian author and poet (b. 1953) * 2014 – Elaine Kellett-Bowman, English lawyer and politician (b. 1923) * 2014 – Jack Kinzler, American engineer (b. 1920) * 2014 – Wu Tianming, Chinese director and producer (b. 1939) *
2015 File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the April ...
– Dušan Bilandžić, Croatian historian and politician (b. 1924) * 2015 – Ray Hatton, English-American runner, author, and academic (b. 1932) *2016 – Bud Collins, American journalist and sportscaster (b. 1929) * 2016 – Pat Conroy, American author (b. 1945) * 2016 – P. A. Sangma, Indian lawyer and politician, Speaker of the Lok Sabha (b. 1947) * 2016 – Zhou Xiaoyan, Chinese soprano and educator (b. 1917) *2017 – Clayton Yeutter, American politician (b. 1930) *
2018 File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the United ...
– Davide Astori, Italian soccer player (b. 1987) *2019 – Keith Flint, English singer (The Prodigy) (b. 1969) * 2019 – Luke Perry, American actor (b. 1966) *
2020 2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global social and economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, worldwide lockdowns and the largest economic recession since the Great Depression in ...
– Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Peruvian politician and diplomat (b. 1920) *2022 – Rod Marsh, Australian cricketer and coach (b. 1947) * 2022 – Shane Warne, Australian cricketer, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1969)


Holidays and observances

*Christian feast day: **
Adrian of Nicomedia Adrian of Nicomedia (also known as Hadrian) or Saint Adrian ( el, Ἁδριανὸς Νικομηδείας, Adrianos Nikomēdeias, died 4 March 306) was a Herculian Guard of the Roman Emperor Galerius Maximian. After becoming a convert to Chri ...
**Saint Casimir, Casimir **Felix of Rhuys **Giovanni Antonio Farina (Catholic Church) **Beatification, Blessed Humbert III, Count of Savoy (Roman Catholic Church) **Paul Cuffee (Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church), Episcopal Church) **Peter of Pappacarbone **Blessed Zoltán Meszlényi **March 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *St Casimir's Day (Poland and Lithuania) * World Obesity Day


References


External links


BBC: On This Day
*
Historical Events on March 4
{{months Days of the year March