The 450th Fighter-Day Group is an inactive
United States Air Force
The United States Air Force (USAF) is the Aerial warfare, air military branch, service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Originally created on 1 August 1907, as a part ...
unit. It was last assigned to the
450th Fighter-Day Wing of
Tactical Air Command (TAC) at
Foster AFB
Foster Air Force Base (1941–1945, 1952–1959) is a former United States Air Force facility in Texas, located in Victoria County, approximately east-northeast of Victoria.
A flying training airfield during World War II, it was part of ...
, Texas. It was inactivated on 11 December 1957.
The 450th Bombardment Group was originally activated in 1943 and saw
combat during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
as a
B-24 Liberator heavy
bombardment
A bombardment is an attack by artillery fire or by dropping bombs from aircraft on fortifications, combatants, or towns and buildings.
Prior to World War I, the term was only applied to the bombardment of defenseless or undefended objects, ...
group under
Fifteenth Air Force in Italy. They were known as "The Cottontails" because the vertical stabilizers of the bombers were painted white. The
unit
Unit may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* UNIT, a fictional military organization in the science fiction television series ''Doctor Who''
* Unit of action, a discrete piece of action (or beat) in a theatrical presentation
Music
* ''Unit'' (a ...
received two
Distinguished Unit Citations in support of the invasion of Southern France, the advance of Russian troops in the Balkans, and the Allied effort in Italy. It was inactivated in October 1945.
The
group
A group is a number of persons or things that are located, gathered, or classed together.
Groups of people
* Cultural group, a group whose members share the same cultural identity
* Ethnic group, a group whose members share the same ethnic ide ...
was reactivated as a fighter unit briefly in the 1950s under
Tactical Air Command (TAC) at
Foster AFB
Foster Air Force Base (1941–1945, 1952–1959) is a former United States Air Force facility in Texas, located in Victoria County, approximately east-northeast of Victoria.
A flying training airfield during World War II, it was part of ...
, Texas, where it replaced a flying training unit. It was the first USAF combat group to fly the
North American F-100 Super Sabre
The North American F-100 Super Sabre is an American supersonic jet fighter aircraft that served with the United States Air Force (USAF) from 1954 to 1971 and with the Air National Guard (ANG) until 1979. The first of the Century Series of ...
.
History
: ''For additional and related history, see
450th Bombardment Wing''
World War II
The 450th Bombardment Group (Heavy) was constituted on 6 April 1943 and activated on 1 May 1943 at
Gowen Field
Boise Airport (Boise Air Terminal or Gowen Field) is a joint civil-military airport in the western United States, south of downtown Boise in Ada County, Idaho. The airport is operated by the city of Boise Department of Aviation and is overse ...
, Idaho.
The new group was moved without personnel or equipment to a temporary station at
Clovis Army Air Field
Cannon Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base, located approximately southwest of Clovis, New Mexico. It is under the jurisdiction of Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC). The host unit at Cannon is the 27th Special Operatio ...
, New Mexico on 21 May 1943 where the command and
headquarters of the group was assembled. On 5 July 1943, the group was reassigned to
Alamogordo Army Airfield, which was to house the Group for all phases of training with their
Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers.
When the group was finally assembled for the first time at Alamogordo, many of the key positions in both the group and squadrons had been filled. Both officers and men arrived daily and little by little all sections were built up to full strength. Crews were allotted in groups of eight, twelve and forty-six bringing the strength finally on 24 August 1943 to seventy or full strength.
After training was completed, the 450th was reassigned to the
Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTO) in Southern Italy, arriving in December 1943. It began operations with
Fifteenth Air Force in January 1944 and engaged chiefly in missions against strategic targets in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and the Balkans until April 1945. The group bombed aircraft factories, assembly plants, oil refineries, storage areas,
marshalling yards,
airfield
An aerodrome ( Commonwealth English) or airdrome (American English) is a location from which aircraft flight operations take place, regardless of whether they involve air cargo, passengers, or neither, and regardless of whether it is for pub ...
s, and other objectives.
[
The 450th contributed to the intensive Allied campaign against the enemy aircraft industry during Big Week (20–25 February 1944) by attacking factories at Steyr and Regensburg, being awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for braving the hazards of bad weather, enemy fighters, and flak to bombard a Messerschmitt aircraft manufacturing factory at Regensburg on 25 February.][
The group received a second DUC for a mission on 5 April 1944 when it fought its way through relentless attacks by enemy aircraft to bomb railroad marshalling yards at ]Ploiești
Ploiești ( , , ), formerly spelled Ploești, is a city and county seat in Prahova County, Romania. Part of the historical region of Muntenia, it is located north of Bucharest.
The area of Ploiești is around , and it borders the Blejoi commune ...
, Romania. The group also struck such objectives as enemy defenses, troop concentrations, bridges, and marshalling yards in support of the Invasion of southern France.[ It operated from ]Poltava Airbase
Poltava Air Base ( uk, Авіабаза «Полтава», russian: Авиабаза «Полтава») is a military airfield located approximately northwest of Poltava, Ukraine. It is one of two airfields near Poltava, the other being Poltav ...
, near Kiev in the Soviet Union, to support the advance of Russian troops in the Balkans as part of Operation Frantic
Operation Frantic was a series of seven shuttle bombing operations during World War II conducted by American aircraft based in Great Britain and southern Italy which then landed at three Soviet airfields in Ukraine. The aircraft in Ukraine then ...
, and supporting the United States Fifth Army
The United States Army North (ARNORTH) is a formation of the United States Army. An Army Service Component Command (ASCC) subordinate to United States Northern Command (NORTHCOM), ARNORTH is the joint force land component of NORTHCOM. in the Allied effort in Italy.
The group redeployed to the United States during May. Many personnel were demobilized upon arrival at the port of debarkation; a small cadre
Cadre may refer to:
*Cadre (military), a group of officers or NCOs around whom a unit is formed, or a training staff
*Cadre (politics), a politically controlled appointment to an institution in order to circumvent the state and bring control to th ...
of key personnel was formed and the group was then established at Harvard Army Air Field
Harvard State Airport (Harvard State Airfield) is two miles northeast of Harvard, in Clay County, Nebraska. It has no airline flights.
History
Harvard Army Airfield was built in 1942 as a United States Army Air Forces training airfield. It is ...
, Nebraska in July and the unit was redesignated the 450th Bombardment Group, Very Heavy in July and was equipped with Boeing B-29 Superfortresses and programmed for deployment to the Pacific Theater.[
The Japanese Capitulation in August made the group redundant to Air Force requirements and the unit was demobilized, and the unit was inactivated on 15 October 1945.][
]
Tactical Air Command
The group was reactivated at Foster AFB
Foster Air Force Base (1941–1945, 1952–1959) is a former United States Air Force facility in Texas, located in Victoria County, approximately east-northeast of Victoria.
A flying training airfield during World War II, it was part of ...
, Texas, on 1 July 1954, where it was assigned to the 450th Fighter-Bomber Wing of Tactical Air Command. Its operational squadrons were initially equipped with the North American F-86F Sabre
The North American F-86 Sabre, sometimes called the Sabrejet, is a transonic jet fighter aircraft. Produced by North American Aviation, the Sabre is best known as the United States' first swept-wing fighter that could counter the swept-wing Sov ...
.[
] Its aircraft wore an approximation of the stars and stripes, with seven red and six white stripes on the trailing edge, and three stars in white on the blue forward portion of the fin. They also were designated with a colored, scalloped nose chevron.[Donald, David. (2004) ''Century Jets: USAF Frontline Fighters of the Cold War''. AIRtime. .]
In early 1955, the 450th began receiving new F-100C/D Super Sabre aircraft, replacing the older F-86s. It was the first operational TAC group to be equipped with the F-100. With the change of equipment, the group was redesignated as the 450th Fighter-Day Group on 8 March 1955.[ At the end of 1957, it was inactivated and its squadrons were assigned directly to the wing under the Dual Deputate organization.][Under this plan flying squadrons reported to the wing Deputy Commander for Operations and maintenance squadrons reported to the wing Deputy Commander for Maintenance]
Lineage
* Constituted as 450th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on 6 April 1943
: Activated on 1 May 1943
: Redesignated 450th Bombardment Group, Very Heavy on 26 July 1945
: Inactivated on 15 October 1945
: Redesignated 450th Fighter-Bomber Group on 23 March 1953
* Activated on 1 July 1954
: Redesignated 450th Fighter-Day Group on 8 March 1955
: Inactivated on 11 December 1957
: Redesignated 450th Bombardment Group, Heavy on 31 July 1985 (remained inactive)
Assignments
* II Bomber Command
The II Bomber Command is a disbanded United States Air Force unit. It was established in September 1941, shortly before the attack on Pearl Harbor to command heavy bomber units assigned to Second Air Force. Following the entry of the United St ...
, 1 May 1943
* 47th Bombardment Wing
The 47th Flying Training Wing is a United States Air Force pilot training wing based at Laughlin Air Force Base, near Del Rio, Texas. It is one of five pilot training units in the Air Force's Air Education and Training Command which conducts ...
, 20 December 1943 – 12 May 1945
* 20th Bombardment Wing, c. 26 July – 15 October 1945
* 450th Fighter-Bomber Wing (later Fighter-Day Wing), 1 July 1954 –11 December 1957
Stations
* Gowen Field
Boise Airport (Boise Air Terminal or Gowen Field) is a joint civil-military airport in the western United States, south of downtown Boise in Ada County, Idaho. The airport is operated by the city of Boise Department of Aviation and is overse ...
, Idaho, 1 May 1943
* Clovis AAF, New Mexico, c. 21 May 1943
* Alamogordo AAF, New Mexico, c. 8 July – 20 November 1943
* Manduria Airfield, Italy, 20 December 1943 – 12 May 1945
* Harvard AAF, Nebraska, c. 26 July – 15 October 1945.
* Foster AFB
Foster Air Force Base (1941–1945, 1952–1959) is a former United States Air Force facility in Texas, located in Victoria County, approximately east-northeast of Victoria.
A flying training airfield during World War II, it was part of ...
, Texas 1 July 1954 – 11 December 1957[
]
Components
* 720th Bombardment Squadron (later Fighter-Bomber Squadron, Fighter-Day Squadron): 1 May 1943 – 15 October 1945; 1 July 1954 – 8 August 1955; 1 July 1958 – 11 December 1957
* 721st Bombardment Squadron (later Fighter-Bomber Squadron, Fighter-Day Squadron): 1 May 1943 – 15 October 1945; 1 July 1954 – 11 December 1957
* 722d Bombardment Squadron (later Fighter-Bomber Squadron, Fighter-Day Squadron): 1 May 1943 – 15 October 1945; 1 July 1954 – 11 December 1957
* 723d Bombardment Squadron (later Fighter-Bomber Squadron, Fighter-Day Squadron): 1 May 1943 – 15 October 1945; 1 July 1954 – 11 December 1957
Aircraft
* B-24 Liberator (1943–1945)
* B-29 Superfortress
The Boeing B-29 Superfortress is an American four-engined propeller-driven heavy bomber, designed by Boeing and flown primarily by the United States during World War II and the Korean War. Named in allusion to its predecessor, the B-17 F ...
(1945)
* F-86 Sabre
The North American F-86 Sabre, sometimes called the Sabrejet, is a transonic jet fighter aircraft. Produced by North American Aviation, the Sabre is best known as the United States' first swept-wing fighter that could counter the swept-wing Sov ...
, 1954–1955
* F-100 Super Sabre, 1955–1957
References
Notes
Bibliography
* Cubbins, William R. (1989). ''The War of the Cottontails: Memoirs of a WWII Bomber Pilot''. Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill.
* Donald, David. (2004) ''Century Jets: USAF Frontline Fighters of the Cold War''. AIRtime.
*
*
*
External links
450th Bomb Group World War II
Holy Joe's Squadron - dedicated to the 722nd Bomb Squadron World War II
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{{USAAF 15th Air Force World War II
{{USAAF 4th Air Force World War II
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Military units and formations established in 1943
Bombardment groups of the United States Army Air Forces