The 416th Rifle Division was formed for the first time as a standard
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ...
rifle division late in 1941, after the Soviet winter counteroffensive had begun, but was soon re-designated. A second formation began in March 1942, this time as an
Azerbaijani National Division and was completed in July, after which it remained serving in the southern sectors of the Soviet-German front until the autumn of 1944, when it was redeployed to Poland in anticipation of the final offensives into the German heartland. The 416th compiled a record of service comparable to any majority-Russian unit, and saw postwar service in the
Group of Soviet Forces in Germany
The Western Group of Forces (WGF),. previously known as the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany (GSOFG). and the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (GSFG),. were the troops of the Soviet Army in East Germany. The Group of Soviet Occupati ...
.
1st formation
The first 416th Rifle Division began forming on December 9, 1941, in the
Moscow Military District
The Order of Lenin Moscow Military District was a military district of the Soviet Armed Forces and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The district was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1968. In 2010 it was merged with the Leningrad Military Di ...
. Its primary order of battle was as follows:
* 1368th Rifle Regiment
* 1373rd Rifle Regiment
* 1374th Rifle Regiment
* 1054th Artillery Regiment
The division was still forming up on January 27, 1942, when it was re-designated as the 2nd formation of the
146th Rifle Division while still in the Moscow region.
2nd formation
The second 416th Rifle Division began forming on March 15, 1942, at
Sumgait
Sumgait (; az, Sumqayıt, ) is a city in Azerbaijan, located near the Caspian Sea, on the Absheron Peninsula, about away from the capital Baku. The city has a population of around 345,300, making it the second largest city in Azerbaijan after Ba ...
in the
Transcaucasus Military District
The Transcaucasian Military District, a military district of the Soviet Armed Forces, traces its history to May 1921 and the incorporation of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia into the Soviet Union. It was disbanded by being redesignated as a Grou ...
, this time as a division of Azerbaijani nationals. It continued to form up in this District until July. The division's primary order of battle remained as above, and was completed as follows:
* 444th Antitank Battalion
* 348th Sapper Battalion
* 921st Signal Battalion
* 222nd Reconnaissance Company
Operational history
The division was first assigned to the
44th Army, and in late August it was defending along the
Terek River
The Terek (; , Tiyrk; , Tərč; , ; , ; , ''Terk''; , ; , ) is a major river in the Northern Caucasus. It originates in the Mtskheta-Mtianeti region of Georgia (country), Georgia and flows through North Caucasus region of Russia into the Casp ...
on the northern approaches to
Grozny
Grozny ( rus, Грозный, p=ˈgroznɨj; ce, Соьлжа-ГӀала, translit=Sölƶa-Ġala), also spelled Groznyy, is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia.
The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2010 census, it had a pop ...
. After September the 416th was transferred to the
58th Army
The 58th Combined Arms Army (russian: 58-я общевойсковая армия) is an army of the Russian Ground Forces, headquartered at Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia-Alania, within Russia's Southern Military District. It was formed in 1941 as pa ...
in
Transcaucasus Front's Northern Group. At year's end it was back in 44th Army, which was transferred to the
South Front in February 1943. After liberating
Rostov-na-Donu
Rostov-on-Don ( rus, Ростов-на-Дону, r=Rostov-na-Donu, p=rɐˈstof nə dɐˈnu) is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East ...
on the 14th, the front came up against the German fortified positions along the
Mius River
The Mius (, ) is a river in Eastern Europe that flows through Ukraine and Russia. It is long, and has a drainage basin of .Миус ...
and were held there until the line was broken at the outset of the
Donbass Strategic Offensive in August. 44th Army was on the front's left flank, and on August 30 the 416th participated in the liberation of the city of
Taganrog
Taganrog ( rus, Таганрог, p=təɡɐnˈrok) is a port city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, on the north shore of the Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov, several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don River. Population:
History of Taganrog
The ...
, and received its name as an honorific. Immediately following, the division was moved to
28th Army, and after the front was renamed
4th Ukrainian in October, the 416th was shifted once again in November, joining
37th Rifle Corps in the
3rd Guards Army.
In February 1944, the division made its first major shift of commands, to the
5th Shock Army of
3rd Ukrainian Front
The 3rd Ukrainian Front (Russian: Третий Украинский фронт) was a Front of the Red Army during World War II.
It was founded on 20 October 1943, on the basis of a Stavka order of October 16, 1943, by renaming the Southwester ...
. Apart from a brief shift with its corps to
46th Army in May, it would remain in that army for the duration. During the
1st Jassy-Kishinev Offensive in April 1944, 5th Shock assisted in the liberation of
Odessa
Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrativ ...
, but soon after came up against the German/Romanian defenses along the
Dniestr River. On the night of 18–19 April, 37th Corps attempted an assault crossing to seize the German strongpoint at Talmazy, but was unsuccessful; the 416th was in reserve during this attack. A further effort was made in early May with similar results, and after several successful German counterattacks, the front went over to the defense in mid-May.
The division participated in the
Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive
The second (symbol: s) is the unit of time in the International System of Units (SI), historically defined as of a day – this factor derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes and finally to 60 seconds each ...
in late August. After this offensive was well underway, 5th Shock Army was withdrawn to the
Reserve of the Supreme High Command
The Reserve of the Supreme High Command (Russian: Резерв Верховного Главнокомандования; also known as the '' Stavka'' Reserve or RVGK ( ru , РВГК)) comprises reserve military formations and units; the Sta ...
. In October it became part of the
1st Belorussian Front
The 1st Belorussian Front (Russian: Пéрвый Белорусский фронт, ''Perviy Belorusskiy front'', also romanized " Byelorussian") was a major formation of the Soviet Army during World War II, being equivalent to a Western army ...
, and the 416th became part of the
32nd Rifle Corps; it would remain in that front and that corps for the duration and afterwards. Under these commands it took part in the
Vistula-Oder Offensive and the
East Pomeranian Offensive, during which it played a main role in the capture of the fortified city of
Küstrin, leading to the final offensive on Berlin.
During the
Battle of Berlin
The Battle of Berlin, designated as the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation by the Soviet Union, and also known as the Fall of Berlin, was one of the last major offensives of the European theatre of World War II.
After the Vistula– ...
, the division, with its corps, captured the
Jannowitzbrücke station S-Bahn station on April 29, and attacked the
City Palace the next day. The division also helped capture the
Reichsbank
The ''Reichsbank'' (; 'Bank of the Reich, Bank of the Realm') was the central bank of the German Reich from 1876 until 1945.
History until 1933
The Reichsbank was founded on 1 January 1876, shortly after the establishment of the German Empi ...
on May 1. The soldiers of the 416th ended the war with the official title of 416th Rifle, Taganrog,
Order of the Red Banner
The Order of the Red Banner (russian: Орден Красного Знамени, Orden Krasnogo Znameni) was the first Soviet military decoration. The Order was established on 16 September 1918, during the Russian Civil War by decree of th ...
,
Order of Suvorov
The Order of Suvorov () is a military decoration of the Russian Federation named in honor of Russian Generalissimo Prince Alexander Suvorov (1729–1800).
History
The Order of Suvorov was originally a Soviet award established on July 29, 1942 ...
Division. (Russian: 416-я стрелковая Таганрогская Краснознамённая ордена Суворова дивизия.) It went on to serve postwar in the
Group of Soviet Forces in Germany
The Western Group of Forces (WGF),. previously known as the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany (GSOFG). and the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (GSFG),. were the troops of the Soviet Army in East Germany. The Group of Soviet Occupati ...
.
Postwar
After the war, the division became the 18th Mechanised Division, then the 18th MRD in 1957. The division was part of the
3rd Red Banner Army from 1957 to 1964. In 1965 it became the 21st Motor Rifle Division, remaining in the
2nd Guards Tank Army in Germany. After the end of the Cold War it was withdrawn to
Omsk
Omsk (; rus, Омск, p=omsk) is the administrative center and largest city of Omsk Oblast, Russia. It is situated in southwestern Siberia, and has a population of over 1.1 million. Omsk is the third largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk ...
, became the 180th Motor Rifle Brigade in August 1993 (with some personnel transferred in from the 56th Training Motor Rifle Division also in Omsk), and finally the 139th Weapons and Equipment Storage Base in 1997, and then disbanded only in 2007. Russian forum sites however cast some doubt on whether the numbering of the Weapons and Equipment Storage Base, sourced from Lensky, is correct.
In popular culture
The 416th Rifle Division is featured in the 1975 Azerbaijani film .
[This is a link to the main Azerbaijani Wikipedia page, from where the reader can search the name of the film.]
References
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Further reading
*
External links
Vasilii Timofeevich Maslov
{{Soviet Union divisions
416
Military units and formations established in 1941
Military units and formations disestablished in the 1940s
Military units and formations awarded the Order of the Red Banner
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic