4-Fluoroisobutyrylfentanyl (also known as 4-FIBF and p-FIBF) is an
opioid
Opioids are substances that act on opioid receptors to produce morphine-like effects. Medically they are primarily used for pain relief, including anesthesia. Other medical uses include suppression of diarrhea, replacement therapy for opioid us ...
analgesic
An analgesic drug, also called simply an analgesic (American English), analgaesic (British English), pain reliever, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve relief from pain (that is, analgesia or pain management). It ...
that is an
analog
Analog or analogue may refer to:
Computing and electronics
* Analog signal, in which information is encoded in a continuous variable
** Analog device, an apparatus that operates on analog signals
*** Analog electronics, circuits which use analog ...
of
butyrfentanyl
Butyrfentanyl or butyrylfentanyl is a potent short-acting synthetic opioid analgesic drug. It is an analog of fentanyl with around one quarter of its potency. One of the first mentions of this drug can be found in document written by The Colleg ...
and structural isomer of
4-Fluorobutyrfentanyl and has been sold online as a
designer drug
A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests. Des ...
. It is closely related to
4-fluorofentanyl
Parafluorofentanyl (4-fluorofentanyl, pFF) is an opioid analgesic analogue of fentanyl developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica in the 1960s.
4-Fluorofentanyl was sold briefly on the US black market in the early 1980s, before the introduction of the F ...
, which has an EC
50 value of 4.2 nM for the human
μ-opioid receptor
The μ-opioid receptors (MOR) are a class of opioid receptors with a high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin, but a low affinity for dynorphins. They are also referred to as μ(''mu'')-opioid peptide (MOP) receptors. The prototypical Π...
. 4-fluoroisobutyrylfentanyl is a highly selective μ-opioid receptor agonist whose analgesic potency is almost ten times of that reported for morphine.
Side effects
Side effects of
fentanyl
Fentanyl, also spelled fentanil, is a very potent synthetic opioid used as a pain medication. Together with other drugs, fentanyl is used for anesthesia. It is also used illicitly as a recreational drug, sometimes mixed with heroin, cocaine ...
analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include
itching
Itch (also known as pruritus) is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch. Itch has resisted many attempts to be classified as any one type of sensory experience. Itch has many similarities to pain, and while both are unpleasan ...
,
nausea
Nausea is a diffuse sensation of unease and discomfort, sometimes perceived as an urge to vomit. While not painful, it can be a debilitating symptom if prolonged and has been described as placing discomfort on the chest, abdomen, or back of the ...
and potentially serious
respiratory depression
Hypoventilation (also known as respiratory depression) occurs when ventilation is inadequate (''hypo'' meaning "below") to perform needed respiratory gas exchange. By definition it causes an increased concentration of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia ...
, which can be life-threatening. Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear.
Legality
4-Fluoroisobutyrylfentanyl is a
Schedule I controlled substance
This is the list of Schedule I drugs as defined by the United States Controlled Substances Act. 21 CFRbr>1308.11(CSA Sched I) with changes through (Oct 18, 2012). Retrieved September 6, 2013. The following findings are required for drugs to be pl ...
in the United States.
In the UK, it is a
Class A drug. In Canada, it is a
Schedule I drug.
See also
*
3-Methylbutyrfentanyl
3-Methylbutyrfentanyl (3-MBF) is an opioid analgesic that is an analog of butyrfentanyl.
Side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea and potentially serious respiratory depression, whic ...
*
3-Methylfentanyl
*
4-Fluorofentanyl
Parafluorofentanyl (4-fluorofentanyl, pFF) is an opioid analgesic analogue of fentanyl developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica in the 1960s.
4-Fluorofentanyl was sold briefly on the US black market in the early 1980s, before the introduction of the F ...
*
α-Methylfentanyl
α-Methylfentanyl (or ''alpha''-Methylfentanyl) an opioid analgesic that is an analog of fentanyl. It is sometimes sold as "China White".
History
α-Methylfentanyl was discovered by a team at Janssen Pharmaceutica in the 1960s. In 1976, it be ...
*
Acetylfentanyl
*
Acrylfentanyl
*
Furanylfentanyl
Furanylfentanyl (Fu-F) is an opioid analgesic that is an analog of fentanyl and has been sold as a designer drug. It has an ED50 value of 0.02 mg/kg in mice. This makes it approximately one fifth as potent as fentanyl.
Side effects
Sid ...
*
List of fentanyl analogues
This is a list of fentanyl analogues (sometimes referred to as Fentalogs), including both compounds developed by pharmaceutical companies for legitimate medical use, and those which have been sold as designer drugs and reported to national drug co ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fluoroisobutyrfentanyl, 4-
Synthetic opioids
Designer drugs
Anilides
Piperidines
Propionamides
Mu-opioid receptor agonists
Fluoroarenes