4,4'-Dimethylaminorex (abbreviated as 4,4'-DMAR), sometimes referred to by the

street name A street name is an identifying name given to a street or road. In toponymic terminology, names of streets and roads are referred to as hodonyms (from Greek ‘road’, and ‘name’). The street name usually forms part of the address (th ...

"Serotoni", is a

psychostimulant Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and inv ...

and entactogen

designer drug A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests. Des ...

related to

aminorex Aminorex (Menocil, Apiquel, aminoxaphen, aminoxafen, McN-742) is a weight loss (anorectic) stimulant drug. It was withdrawn from the market after it was found to cause pulmonary hypertension. In the U.S., it is an illegal Schedule I drug, meani ...

4-methylaminorex 4-Methylaminorex (4-MAR, 4-MAX) is a stimulant drug of the 2-amino-5-aryloxazoline class that was first synthesized in 1960 by McNeil Laboratories. It is also known by its street name "U4Euh" ("Euphoria"). It is banned in many countries as a s ...

, and

pemoline Pemoline, sold under the brand name Cylert among others, is a stimulant medication which has been used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It has been discontinued in most countries to due to rare b ...

. It was first detected in the Netherlands in December 2012, and has been sold as a

around Europe since mid-2013. 4,4'-DMAR had been linked to at least 31 deaths in Hungary, Poland, and the UK by February 2014, mostly when consumed in combination with other drugs. Nineteen deaths linked to 4,4'-DMAR were reported in Northern Ireland in the same time period. 4,4'-DMAR acts as a potent and balanced serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), with EC₅₀ values for

serotonin Serotonin () or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Its biological function is complex and multifaceted, modulating mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes such as vomiting and vas ...

norepinephrine Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as both a hormone and neurotransmitter. The name "noradrenaline" (from Latin '' ad'', ...

, and

dopamine Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells. It is an organic compound, organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families. Dopamine const ...

release Release may refer to: * Art release, the public distribution of an artistic production, such as a film, album, or song * Legal release, a legal instrument * News release, a communication directed at the news media * Release (ISUP), a code to ident ...

of 18.5 nM, 26.9 nM, and 8.6 nM, respectively.

Legality

The UK Home Office expressed intent to ban 4,4'-DMAR following advice from the

Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) is a British statutory advisory non-departmental public body, which was established under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. Mandate Its terms of reference, according to the Act, are as follows: '' ...

and subsequently it became a class A drug on 11 March 2015. 4,4'-DMAR is an

Anlage II Anlage may refer to: * Allele, a specific version of a gene, as used by Gregor Mendel * Anlage Süd, a headquarters facility of the German Third Reich in Strzyżów, Poland * Primordium, the initial clustering of embryonic cells from which a body ...

controlled substance in Germany . Sweden's public health agency suggested to classify 4,4'-DMAR as hazardous substance on November 10, 2014. 4,4'-DMAR is also banned in the Czech Republic. 4,4'-DMAR is a Schedule I controlled substance in the US as of November 8, 2021. It only received two public comments during its public commenting period prior to being scheduled.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dimethylaminorex, 4, 4'- Entactogens and empathogens Stimulants Designer drugs Aminorexes Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents

Legality

See also

References