Three-dimensional face recognition (3D face recognition) is a modality of facial recognition methods in which the three-dimensional geometry of the human face is used. It has been shown that 3D face recognition methods can achieve significantly higher accuracy than their 2D counterparts, rivaling

fingerprint recognition A fingerprint is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger. The recovery of partial fingerprints from a crime scene is an important method of forensic science. Moisture and grease on a finger result in fingerprints on surfac ...

. 3D face recognition has the potential to achieve better accuracy than its 2D counterpart by measuring geometry of rigid features on the face. This avoids such pitfalls of 2D face recognition

algorithm In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm () is a finite sequence of rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific Computational problem, problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specificat ...

s as change in lighting, different facial expressions,

make-up Cosmetics are constituted mixtures of chemical compounds derived from either natural sources, or synthetically created ones. Cosmetics have various purposes. Those designed for personal care and skin care can be used to cleanse or protect ...

and head orientation. Another approach is to use the 3D model to improve accuracy of traditional image based recognition by transforming the head into a known view. Additionally, most

3D scanner 3D scanning is the process of analyzing a real-world object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly its appearance (e.g. color). The collected data can then be used to construct digital 3D modelling, 3D models. A 3D scanner can ...

s acquire both a 3D mesh and the corresponding texture. This allows combining the output of pure 3D matchers with the more traditional 2D face recognition algorithms, thus yielding better performance (as shown i
FRVT 2006
. The main technological limitation of 3D face recognition methods is the acquisition of 3D image, which usually requires a

range camera Range may refer to: Geography * Range (geographic), a chain of hills or mountains; a somewhat linear, complex mountainous or hilly area (cordillera, sierra) ** Mountain range, a group of mountains bordered by lowlands * Range, a term used to i ...

. Alternatively, multiple images from different angles from a common camera (e.g. webcam) may be used to create the 3D model with significant post-processing. (See

3D data acquisition and object reconstruction 3D scanning is the process of analyzing a real-world object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly its appearance (e.g. color). The collected data can then be used to construct digital 3D models. A 3D scanner can be based on m ...

.) This is also a reason why 3D face recognition methods have emerged significantly later (in the late 1980s) than 2D methods. Recently commercial solutions have implemented depth perception by projecting a grid onto the face and integrating video capture of it into a high resolution 3D model. This allows for good recognition accuracy with low cost

off-the-shelf Off-the-shelf may refer to: * Commercial off-the-shelf, a phrase in computing and industrial supply terminology * Government off-the-shelf * Ready-to-wear * Shelf corporation, a type of company * Off the Shelf Festival, a festival of writing and r ...

components. 3D face recognition is still an active research field, though several vendors offer commercial solutions.

References

* * * * * * * A. Rashad, A Hamdy, M A Saleh and M Eladawy, "3D face recognition using 2DPCA", (IJCSNS) International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security,Vol.(12),2009. http://paper.ijcsns.org/07_book/200912/20091222.pdf * *

External links

CVPR 2008 Workshop on 3D Face Processing

Face Recognition Grand Challenge

Face Recognition Homepage

3D Face Recognition Project and Research Papers

Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories 3D face recognition project

L-1 Identity commercial 3D face recognition system

Fast 3D scan technology for 3D face recognition at the Geometric Modelling and Pattern Recognition Group, UK

* ttp://www.uwe.ac.uk/et/mvl/projects/facerecognition.aspx 3D Face Recognition Using Photometric Stereo, UK {{DEFAULTSORT:Three-Dimensional Face Recognition Face recognition 3D imaging

See also

References

External links