''3D'' is the fourth studio album by American girl group
TLC
TLC may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Television
* ''TLC'' (TV series), a 2002 British situational comedy television series that aired on BBC2
* TLC (TV network), formerly the Learning Channel, an American cable TV network
** TLC (Asia), an A ...
, released on October 10, 2002, by
Arista Records
Arista Records () is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of the Japanese conglomerate Sony. The label was previously handled by BMG Entertainmen ...
. Recorded from May 2001 to July 2002, much of the album was finalized after the death of member
Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes
Lisa Nicole Lopes (May 27, 1971 – April 25, 2002), better known by her stage name Left Eye, was an American rapper and singer. She was a member of the R&B girl group TLC, alongside Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins and Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas. Besid ...
, with her unreleased material that she had recorded for her solo albums ''
Supernova
A supernova is a powerful and luminous explosion of a star. It has the plural form supernovae or supernovas, and is abbreviated SN or SNe. This transient astronomical event occurs during the last evolutionary stages of a massive star or when ...
'' and ''N.I.N.A.'' being reworked into new songs. Remaining group members
Rozonda Thomas and
Tionne Watkins
Tionne Tenese Watkins (born April 26, 1970), better known by her stage name T-Boz, is an American singer and actress. Born in Des Moines, Iowa, Watkins rose to fame in the early 1990s as a member of the girl-group TLC. She has won four Grammy Aw ...
enlisted
Dallas Austin
Dallas L. Austin (born December 29, 1970) is an American musician, songwriter, record producer, and film producer.
Biography
Early life
During a 2019 interview with DJ Vlad, Dallas Austin detailed previously unknown or unconfirmed events in ...
,
Babyface Babyface or Baby Face can refer to:
Nicknames
* Lester Joseph Gillis a.k.a. Baby Face Nelson, an infamous 1930s bank robber
* Roosevelt "Baby Face" Willette (1933–1971), an American hard bop and soul-jazz musician
* "Baby Face", Jimmy McLarnin ...
,
Rodney Jerkins
Rodney Roy Jerkins (born July 29, 1977), also known by his stage name Darkchild, is an American record producer, rapper, and songwriter. He has collaborated with a broad range of popular artists.
Jerkins has won multiple Grammy Awards. Among hi ...
,
the Neptunes
The Neptunes are an American songwriting and production duo composed of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo, formed in Virginia Beach, Virginia, in 1992. Williams often provides additional vocals on records and appears in the duo's music videos, ...
,
Raphael Saadiq
Raphael Saadiq (; born Charles Ray Wiggins; May 14, 1966) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. He rose to fame as a member of the multiplatinum group Tony! Toni! Toné! In addition to his solo and group ...
,
Missy Elliott
Melissa Arnette Elliott (born July 1, 1971), better known as Missy Elliott or Missy “Misdemeanor” Elliot, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. She embarked on her music career with R&B girl group Sista in the earl ...
and
Timbaland
Timothy Zachery Mosley (born March 10, 1972), known professionally as Timbaland, is an American record producer, rapper, singer, songwriter, and record executive. He has received widespread acclaim for his innovative production work and distinc ...
to work with them on ''3D''.
The album debuted at number six on the US
''Billboard'' 200 and at number four on the
Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums
Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums is a music chart published weekly by '' Billboard'' magazine that ranks R&B and hip hop albums based on sales in the United States and is compiled by Nielsen SoundScan. The chart debuted as Hot R&B LPs in the issue dated J ...
chart, selling 143,000 copies in its first week of release, and was met with positive reviews from critics. It has been certified platinum by the
Recording Industry Association of America
The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is a trade organization that represents the music recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors that the RIAA says "create, manufacture, and/o ...
(RIAA). ''3D'' earned TLC two
Grammy Award
The Grammy Awards (stylized as GRAMMY), or simply known as the Grammys, are awards presented by the Recording Academy of the United States to recognize "outstanding" achievements in the music industry. They are regarded by many as the most pres ...
nominations and spawned three singles, including "
Girl Talk", peaking at number 23 on the
Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs
The Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart ranks the most popular R&B and hip hop songs in the United States and is published weekly by '' Billboard''. Rankings are based on a measure of radio airplay, sales data, and streaming activity. The chart had 100 ...
chart; "
Hands Up", which peaked at number seven on the
Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles
The Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart ranks the most popular R&B and hip hop songs in the United States and is published weekly by ''Billboard''. Rankings are based on a measure of radio airplay, sales data, and streaming activity. The chart had 100 p ...
chart and "
Damaged", which managed to peak at number 19 on the US
Mainstream Top 40
Pop Airplay (also called Mainstream Top 40, Pop Songs, and Top 40/contemporary hit radio, CHR) is a 40-song music chart published weekly by Billboard (magazine), ''Billboard'' Magazine that ranks the most popular songs of pop music being played o ...
chart.
Background information
During and after the release of TLC's third studio album, ''
FanMail
''FanMail'' is the third studio album by American girl group TLC, released on February 23, 1999, by LaFace and Arista Records. The album title is a tribute to TLC's fans who sent them fan mail during their hiatus. ''FanMail'' debuted at number ...
'' (1999), Lopes made it known to the press on multiple occasions that she felt that she was unable to fully express herself working with the group. Her contributions to the songs had been reduced to periodic eight-
bar
Bar or BAR may refer to:
Food and drink
* Bar (establishment), selling alcoholic beverages
* Candy bar
* Chocolate bar
Science and technology
* Bar (river morphology), a deposit of sediment
* Bar (tropical cyclone), a layer of cloud
* Bar (u ...
raps, and studio session singers such as
Debra Killings
Debra Killings (born July 7, 1966) is an American singer and bass guitarist, notable for extensive session musician, session and background vocal work for LaFace Records and Rowdy Records-based artists such as TLC (band), TLC, Monica (singer), Mo ...
often took her place on the background vocals for the group's songs. In its November 26, 1999, issue, ''
Entertainment Weekly
''Entertainment Weekly'' (sometimes abbreviated as ''EW'') is an American digital-only entertainment magazine based in New York City, published by Dotdash Meredith, that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books, and popular cul ...
'' ran a letter from Lopes that challenged her group mates to record solo albums and let the fans judge which of the three was the most talented:
"I challenge Tionne 'Player' Watkins and Rozonda 'Hater' Thomas to an album entitled ''The Challenge''. A 3 CD set that contains three solo albums. Each lbum.. will be due to the record label by October 1, 2000... I also challenge Dallas 'The Manipulator' Austin to produce all of the material and do it at a fraction of his normal rate. As I think about it, I'm sure LaFace
LaFace Records was an American record label based in Atlanta, Georgia, that operated as a unit of Sony Music Entertainment from 2008 to 2011 and was historically a part of Bertelsmann Music Group from 1989 to 2004. It was most active and achie ...
would not mind throwing in a 1.5 million dollar prize for the winner."
Watkins and Thomas declined to take up Lopes' challenge, though Lopes always maintained it was a great idea. Things were heated between the women for some time, with Thomas speaking out against Lopes, calling her antics "selfish", "evil", and "heartless". TLC then addressed these fights by saying that they were very much like sisters that occasionally have their disagreements; as Lopes stated, "It's deeper than a working relationship. We have feelings for each other, which is why we get so mad at each other. I usually say that you cannot hate someone unless you love them. So, we love each other. That's the problem." The women eventually settled the feud, and ''The Challenge'' was never followed through. After the conclusion of the successful
FanMail Tour
The FanMail Tour is the debut headlining tour by American group TLC. The tour support their third studio album, ''FanMail''. The tour visited North America with dates later planned for Japan and Europe. However, the international dates after the ...
, the women, however, took some time off and pursued personal interests. Lopes was the first to begin recording her solo album, ''
Supernova
A supernova is a powerful and luminous explosion of a star. It has the plural form supernovae or supernovas, and is abbreviated SN or SNe. This transient astronomical event occurs during the last evolutionary stages of a massive star or when ...
'', though it underperformed internationally and was never released in the United States.
During this time period, Thomas had begun working on a solo project until she realized that rumors of TLC's demise had taken over in the media. It was then that Thomas made a call to LaFace label-head
L.A. Reid
Antonio Marquis "L.A." Reid (born June 7, 1956) is an American record executive, A&R representative, and record producer. He is the founder and served as co-chairman of Hitco Entertainment. He also previously served as the chairman and CEO of Ep ...
to discuss working on TLC's fourth studio album. After contacting Watkins, and soon after, Lopes, sessions for ''3D'' began in May 2001. However, soon after recording had begun, sessions came to a halt, as Lopes began work on her second studio album, known as ''N.I.N.A. (New Identity Non Applicable)''. In January 2002, as Watkins was hospitalized due to complications stemming from her ongoing battle with
sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of blood disorders typically inherited from a person's parents. The most common type is known as sickle cell anaemia. It results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blo ...
, Lopes eventually came to visit her in the hospital and went back to the studio to record raps for ''3D''. In April 2002, as Watkins' condition improved greatly, Lopes went to Honduras to do missionary work and also record a
documentary film about her life.
On April 25, 2002, Lopes was killed in a car crash, leaving behind material that she had recorded for both ''N.I.N.A.'' and ''3D''. Watkins and Thomas decided to use three of Lopes' newly recorded raps for the album ("Quickie", "Girl Talk", and "Who's It Gonna Be?"), the other songs that feature her in it were unreleased raps from her solo album sessions. The unreleased vocals were featured on the songs "Quickie", "Over Me" and "Give It to Me While It's Hot".
Watkins and Thomas decided that they would complete the remainder of their fourth album, to be called ''3D'', which featured production from
Rodney Jerkins
Rodney Roy Jerkins (born July 29, 1977), also known by his stage name Darkchild, is an American record producer, rapper, and songwriter. He has collaborated with a broad range of popular artists.
Jerkins has won multiple Grammy Awards. Among hi ...
,
the Neptunes
The Neptunes are an American songwriting and production duo composed of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo, formed in Virginia Beach, Virginia, in 1992. Williams often provides additional vocals on records and appears in the duo's music videos, ...
,
Raphael Saadiq
Raphael Saadiq (; born Charles Ray Wiggins; May 14, 1966) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. He rose to fame as a member of the multiplatinum group Tony! Toni! Toné! In addition to his solo and group ...
,
Missy Elliott
Melissa Arnette Elliott (born July 1, 1971), better known as Missy Elliott or Missy “Misdemeanor” Elliot, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. She embarked on her music career with R&B girl group Sista in the earl ...
and
Timbaland
Timothy Zachery Mosley (born March 10, 1972), known professionally as Timbaland, is an American record producer, rapper, singer, songwriter, and record executive. He has received widespread acclaim for his innovative production work and distinc ...
. The decision was also made that TLC would continue on as a duo rather than replace Lopes. The group went on a hiatus, but announced in 2009 that they would possibly begin recording a fifth studio album.
Critical reception
''3D'' received generally positive reviews from
music critics
Music journalism (or music criticism) is media criticism and reporting about music topics, including popular music, classical music, and traditional music. Journalists began writing about music in the eighteenth century, providing commentary on w ...
. At
Metacritic
Metacritic is a website that review aggregator, aggregates reviews of films, TV shows, music albums, video games and formerly, books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged (a weighted arithmetic mean, weighted average). M ...
, which assigns a
normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an
average
In ordinary language, an average is a single number taken as representative of a list of numbers, usually the sum of the numbers divided by how many numbers are in the list (the arithmetic mean). For example, the average of the numbers 2, 3, 4, 7, ...
score of 71, based on 14 reviews.
Stephen Thomas Erlewine
Stephen Thomas Erlewine (; born June 18, 1973) is an American music critic and senior editor for the online music database AllMusic. He is the author of many artist biographies and record reviews for AllMusic, as well as a freelance writer, occ ...
from
AllMusic
AllMusic (previously known as All Music Guide and AMG) is an American online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on musicians and bands. Initiated in 1991, the databas ...
praised the album as "one of the best modern
soul
In many religious and philosophical traditions, there is a belief that a soul is "the immaterial aspect or essence of a human being".
Etymology
The Modern English noun ''soul'' is derived from Old English ''sāwol, sāwel''. The earliest attes ...
albums of 2002" and called it "a bittersweet triumph". He found that while ''3D'' "perhaps doesn't blaze trails like their other albums, it never plays it safe and it always satisfies."
Andy Battaglia of ''
The A.V. Club
''The A.V. Club'' is an American online newspaper and entertainment website featuring reviews, interviews, and other articles that examine films, music, television, books, games, and other elements of pop-culture media. ''The A.V. Club'' was cre ...
'' wrote that "in spite of a slim body of songs and an occasionally half-finished feel, the group stakes a solid claim to the riches of future-soul with 3D, leaving a distinct stamp on even its weakest material with gorgeous singing built around the understated grace of '60s girl groups."
''
Billboard
A billboard (also called a hoarding in the UK and many other parts of the world) is a large outdoor advertising structure (a billing board), typically found in high-traffic areas such as alongside busy roads. Billboards present large advertise ...
'' magazine found that "with ''3D'', TLC has crafted a fitting tribute to a departed sister", calling it "a nearly perfect collection."
David Browne of ''
Entertainment Weekly
''Entertainment Weekly'' (sometimes abbreviated as ''EW'') is an American digital-only entertainment magazine based in New York City, published by Dotdash Meredith, that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books, and popular cul ...
'' remarked that "thanks to such hired guns as
the Neptunes
The Neptunes are an American songwriting and production duo composed of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo, formed in Virginia Beach, Virginia, in 1992. Williams often provides additional vocals on records and appears in the duo's music videos, ...
and
Rodney Jerkins
Rodney Roy Jerkins (born July 29, 1977), also known by his stage name Darkchild, is an American record producer, rapper, and songwriter. He has collaborated with a broad range of popular artists.
Jerkins has won multiple Grammy Awards. Among hi ...
, TLC have made a better post-tragedy album than expected. ''3D'' is a smorgasbord of modern
R&B that ranges from silky to retro." He noted however that the album "still, feels a little incomplete, like much of their work."
''
Rolling Stone
''Rolling Stone'' is an American monthly magazine that focuses on music, politics, and popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco, San Francisco, California, in 1967 by Jann Wenner, and the music critic Ralph J. Gleason. It was first kno ...
'' writer Barry Walters concluded that "the album isn't the romp it might have been had Lopes survived, but ''3D'' solidly embodies black pop in a year in which it has lacked a center."
Dorian Lynskey from ''
Blender
A blender (sometimes called a mixer or liquidiser in British English) is a kitchen appliance, kitchen and laboratory appliance used to mix, crush, purée or emulsion, emulsify food and other substances. A stationary blender consists of a blender ...
'' felt that "''3D''s sheer creative vibrancy is itself a testament to Lopes's live-wire charisma", while Dimitri Ehrlich from ''
Vibe
''Vibe'' is an American music and entertainment magazine founded by producers David Salzman and Quincy Jones. The publication predominantly features R&B and hip hop music artists, actors and other entertainers. After shutting down productio ...
'' noted that "while the CD is consistently well-produced and performed, the material recorded before Lopes's death
..is simply darker, sexier, and angrier."
Commercial performance
In the United States, ''3D'' debuted at number six on the
''Billboard'' 200 and at number four on the
Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums
Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums is a music chart published weekly by '' Billboard'' magazine that ranks R&B and hip hop albums based on sales in the United States and is compiled by Nielsen SoundScan. The chart debuted as Hot R&B LPs in the issue dated J ...
chart.
Selling 143,000 copies, it sold less than half of the first-week total scored by previous album ''
FanMail
''FanMail'' is the third studio album by American girl group TLC, released on February 23, 1999, by LaFace and Arista Records. The album title is a tribute to TLC's fans who sent them fan mail during their hiatus. ''FanMail'' debuted at number ...
'' (1999), which had opened at number one on the chart with 318,000 units.
It also marked TLC's lowest-charting album since ''
Ooooooohhh... On the TLC Tip'' (1992).
On December 10, 2002, ''3D'' was certified platinum by the
Recording Industry Association of America
The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is a trade organization that represents the music recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors that the RIAA says "create, manufacture, and/o ...
(RIAA) for shipments in excess of one million copies,
and by November 2004, it had sold 680,000 units in the United States.
As of 2017 the album has sold 693,000 copies, according to
Billboard
A billboard (also called a hoarding in the UK and many other parts of the world) is a large outdoor advertising structure (a billing board), typically found in high-traffic areas such as alongside busy roads. Billboards present large advertise ...
Internationally, ''3D'' failed to reach the top 40 on the majority of the charts it appeared on, except Canada, where it managed to debut and peak at number 31 on the
Canadian Albums Chart
The Canadian Albums Chart is the official album sales chart in Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocea ...
.
Nevertheless, the album was particularly successful in Japan, reaching number two on the
Oricon Albums Chart
The Oricon Albums Chart is the Japanese music industry standard albums popularity chart issued daily, weekly, monthly and yearly by Oricon. Oricon originally published LP, CT, Cartridge and CD charts prior to the establishment of the Oricon Albu ...
and earning a platinum certification from the
Recording Industry Association of Japan
The is an industry trade group composed of Japanese corporations involved in the music industry. It was founded in 1942 as the Japan Phonogram Record Cultural Association, and adopted its current name in 1969.
The RIAJ's activities include pr ...
(RIAJ) in November 2002.
Track listing
Notes
* signifies a co-producer
Sample credits
* "Quickie" contains voice samples from "Left Pimpin", a track from Lopes' unreleased ''N.I.N.A.'' album.
* "Over Me" uses a different take of a verse originally from "I Believe in Me", recorded for ''Supernova''.
* "Give It to Me While It's Hot" reuses the second verse from "Friends", included on the Japanese edition of ''Supernova''.
Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of ''3D''.
Musicians
*
Dallas Austin
Dallas L. Austin (born December 29, 1970) is an American musician, songwriter, record producer, and film producer.
Biography
Early life
During a 2019 interview with DJ Vlad, Dallas Austin detailed previously unknown or unconfirmed events in ...
– arrangements
* Rick Sheppard –
MIDI
MIDI (; Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a technical standard that describes a communications protocol, digital interface, and electrical connectors that connect a wide variety of electronic musical instruments, computers, and re ...
, sound design
*
Chilli
Chili or chilli may refer to:
Food
* Chili pepper, the spicy fruit of plants in the genus ''Capsicum''; sometimes spelled "chilli" in the UK and "chile" in the southwestern US
* Chili powder, the dried, pulverized fruit of one or more varieties ...
– background vocals
*
Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins
Tionne Tenese Watkins (born April 26, 1970), better known by her stage name T-Boz, is an American singer and actress. Born in Des Moines, Iowa, Watkins rose to fame in the early 1990s as a member of the girl-group TLC. She has won four Grammy A ...
– background vocals
*
Debra Killings
Debra Killings (born July 7, 1966) is an American singer and bass guitarist, notable for extensive session musician, session and background vocal work for LaFace Records and Rowdy Records-based artists such as TLC (band), TLC, Monica (singer), Mo ...
– background vocals ; bass
* Marde Johnson – additional vocals ; background vocals
* Tierra Johnson – additional vocals
* Sharliss Asbury – additional vocals
* Jasper Cameron – additional vocals
* Cindy Pace – additional background vocals
* Eddie Hustle – all instruments
*
Rodney Jerkins
Rodney Roy Jerkins (born July 29, 1977), also known by his stage name Darkchild, is an American record producer, rapper, and songwriter. He has collaborated with a broad range of popular artists.
Jerkins has won multiple Grammy Awards. Among hi ...
– all music ; drum overdubs ; intro vocals ; intro
* Tomi Martin – guitar
*
Danny O'Donoghue
Daniel John Mark Luke O'Donoghue (born 3 October 1980) is an Irish singer-songwriter best known for being the frontman of the Irish rock band The Script and as a coach on the first two series of the television singing talent show ''The Voice U ...
– guitar
*
Alex Greggs
Alex Greggs is a Canadian songwriter, record producer, and remixer. He has worked with some of the biggest names in pop and hip hop. He started as a leading producer in the Canadian music scene, notably for Love Inc. Then he branched to more i ...
– drum overdubs
* Riprock n Alex G – digital programming
*
Pharrell Williams
Pharrell Lanscilo Williams (; born April 5, 1973) is an American record producer, rapper, singer, and songwriter. Alongside close colleague Chad Hugo, he formed the hip hop and R&B production duo the Neptunes in the early 1990s, with whom he ...
– all instruments
*
Chad Hugo
Charles Edward Hugo (born February 24, 1974) is an American record producer, multi-instrumentalist, singer and songwriter. With close friend Pharrell Williams, he formed the production duo the Neptunes in the early 1990s, with whom he has prod ...
– all instruments
* Tron Austin – intro vocals
*
Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes
Lisa Nicole Lopes (May 27, 1971 – April 25, 2002), better known by her stage name Left Eye, was an American rapper and singer. She was a member of the R&B girl group TLC, alongside Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins and Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas. Besid ...
– rap
*
Babyface Babyface or Baby Face can refer to:
Nicknames
* Lester Joseph Gillis a.k.a. Baby Face Nelson, an infamous 1930s bank robber
* Roosevelt "Baby Face" Willette (1933–1971), an American hard bop and soul-jazz musician
* "Baby Face", Jimmy McLarnin ...
– all keyboards, drum programming, electric guitar, acoustic guitar
* Tavia Ivey – background vocals
* Tony Reyes – guitar
* Colin Wolfe – bass
* Sigurdur Birkis – drums
* Tom Knight – drums
* DJ Ruckus – scratches
*
Missy Elliott
Melissa Arnette Elliott (born July 1, 1971), better known as Missy Elliott or Missy “Misdemeanor” Elliot, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. She embarked on her music career with R&B girl group Sista in the earl ...
– background vocals
* Chase Rollison – background vocals
* Lester Finnel – background vocals
* Bill Diggins – background vocals
*
Mark Pitts
Mark Pitts is an American record producer, manager, and President of RCA Records and CEO of ByStorm Entertainment. He has managed a number of artists and produced musical tracks for performers including Notorious B.I.G, Faith Evans, Miguel, J. ...
– background vocals
* Shawn Beasley – background vocals
*
Raphael Saadiq
Raphael Saadiq (; born Charles Ray Wiggins; May 14, 1966) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. He rose to fame as a member of the multiplatinum group Tony! Toni! Toné! In addition to his solo and group ...
– guitar, bass
*
Jake and the Phatman
Jake & the Phatman is an American record production and songwriting duo, composed of multi-instrumentalists Glenn Standridge and Robert C. "Bobby" Ozuna Jr. They won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Song at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards in 2003.
Bot ...
– drum programming
* Kelvin Wooten – keyboards
*
Organized Noize
Organized Noize is an American production team from Atlanta, Georgia composed of Rico Wade, Ray Murray and Sleepy Brown.
History
Among the hit records they have worked on include TLC's "Waterfalls", En Vogue's "Don't Let Go (Love)", and Luda ...
– arrangements, drum programming, music programming
*
Shorty B – bass
* Marqueze Ethridge – vocal arrangement
* Chanz Parkman – vocal arrangement
Technical
* Dallas Austin – production ; executive production
* Carlton Lynn – recording ;
Pro Tools
Pro Tools is a digital audio workstation (DAW) developed and released by Avid Technology (formerly Digidesign) for Microsoft Windows and macOS. It is used for music creation and production, sound for picture (sound design, audio post-productio ...
engineering
* Rick Sheppard – recording
* Tim Lauber – engineering assistance
* Paul Sheehy – engineering assistance
* Kevin "KD" Davis – mixing
* Dion Peters – mix engineering assistance
* Christine Sirois – engineering assistance
* Eddie Hustle – production
* Josh Butler – recording
* Leslie Brathwaite – recording ; mixing
* Steve Fisher – engineering assistance ; recording
* Rodney Jerkins – production, vocal production, mixing
* Fabian Marasciullo – recording
* Mark "DJ Exit" Goodchild – recording
*
The Neptunes
The Neptunes are an American songwriting and production duo composed of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo, formed in Virginia Beach, Virginia, in 1992. Williams often provides additional vocals on records and appears in the duo's music videos, ...
– production
* Andrew "Drew" Coleman – recording
* Brian Garten – recording
* Frannie Graham – engineering assistance
* Cedric Anderson – engineering assistance
*
Phil Tan Phil Tan is a Malaysian-American music and audio engineer.
Early life and education
Tan was born in Malaysia. He attended Full Sail University in Florida in the U.S., where he attained a degree in Recording Arts in 1990. Afterwards he moved to Atla ...
– mixing
* John Horesco IV – mix engineering assistance
* Jean-Marie Horvat – mixing
* Babyface – production
*
Daryl Simmons
Daryl L. Simmons is an American R&B musician, songwriter and record producer, who worked with the production duo of L.A. Reid and Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds. In 1977–1980 Daryl, with Manchild (band) recorded 2 soul & funk albums & the minor h ...
– production
*
Paul Boutin
Paul Boutin (born December 11, 1961 in Lewiston, Maine) is an American magazine writer and editor who writes about technology in a pop-culture context.
Boutin, who began writing for ''Wired'' in 1997, wrote for ''The New York Times'' from 2003 ...
– recording
* Craig Taylor – engineering assistance
* Serban Ghenea – mixing
* Tim Roberts – mix engineering assistance
* John Hanes – Pro Tools engineering
* Ivy Skoff – production coordination
* Doug Harms – engineering assistance
* Victor McCoy – engineering assistance
*
Timbaland
Timothy Zachery Mosley (born March 10, 1972), known professionally as Timbaland, is an American record producer, rapper, singer, songwriter, and record executive. He has received widespread acclaim for his innovative production work and distinc ...
– production, mixing
* Missy Elliott – production
* Carlos "El Loco" Bedoya – recording
* Jimmy Douglas – mixing
* Raphael Saadiq – production
* Jake and the Phatman – co-production
*
Gerry "The Gov" Brown – mixing
* John Tanksley – mix engineering assistance
* Anette Sharvit – production coordination
* Cory Williams – engineering assistance
* Organized Noize – production
* Sean Davis – recording
* John Frye – recording
* Morgan Garcia – recording
* Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes – album production
* Chilli – album production
* Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins – album production
* Bill Diggins – album production
* Herb Powers Jr. – mastering
* TLC – executive production
*
Antonio "L.A." Reid – executive production
Artwork
* Joe Mama-Nitzberg – creative direction
* Jeff Schulz – art direction, design
*
Seb Janiak – cover photo, Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes photo
*
Guy Aroch
Guy Aroch ( he, גיא ארוך) is an Israeli American New York-based fashion and celebrity photographer who emigrated from Israel in 1988. He lives and works in New York City and Los Angeles.
Aroch moved to New York to become a professional pho ...
– inside photo
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
Notes
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:3d (Tlc Album)
2002 albums
Albums produced by Babyface (musician)
Albums produced by Dallas Austin
Albums produced by Missy Elliott
Albums produced by the Neptunes
Albums produced by Organized Noize
Albums produced by Raphael Saadiq
Albums produced by Rodney Jerkins
Albums produced by Timbaland
Albums published posthumously
Arista Records albums
TLC (group) albums