In enzymology, a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase () is an

enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products ...

that catalyzes the

chemical reaction A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the IUPAC nomenclature for organic transformations, chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the pos ...

:(S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD⁺

\rightleftharpoons

3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH + H⁺ Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA and NAD⁺, whereas its 3

products Product may refer to: Business * Product (business), an item that serves as a solution to a specific consumer problem. * Product (project management), a deliverable or set of deliverables that contribute to a business solution Mathematics * Produ ...

are 3-oxoacyl-CoA,

NADH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme central to metabolism. Found in all living cells, NAD is called a dinucleotide because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an aden ...

, and H⁺. This enzyme belongs to the family of

oxidoreductase In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually u ...

s, to be specific those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as acceptor.

Isozymes

In humans, the following genes encode proteins with 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity: * HADH – Hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase * HSD17B10 – 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 * EHHADH – Peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme * HSD17B4 – Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2

Function

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase is classified as an

. It is involved in fatty acid metabolic processes. Specifically it catalyzes the third step of

beta oxidation In biochemistry and metabolism, beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cyc ...

; the

oxidation Redox (reduction–oxidation, , ) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of substrate change. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a ...

of L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA by NAD⁺. The reaction converts the

hydroxyl In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydro ...

group into a keto group. The end product is 3-ketoacyl CoA.

Metabolic pathways

This enzyme participates in 8

metabolic pathways In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. The reactants, products, and intermediates of an enzymatic reaction are known as metabolites, which are modified by a sequence of chemical re ...

: * fatty acid elongation in mitochondria * fatty acid metabolism *

valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation A branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) is an amino acid having an aliphatic side-chain with a branch (a central carbon atom bound to three or more carbon atoms). Among the proteinogenic amino acids, there are three BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and va ...

lysine degradation Lysine (symbol Lys or K) is an α-amino acid that is a precursor to many proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated − ...

tryptophan metabolism Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic ...

benzoate degradation via coa ligation Benzoic acid is a white (or colorless) solid organic compound with the formula , whose structure consists of a benzene ring () with a carboxyl () substituent. It is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name is derived from gum benzoin, wh ...

butanoate metabolism Butyric acid (; from grc, βούτῡρον, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2CO2H. It is an oily, colorless liquid with an unple ...

caprolactam degradation Caprolactam (CPL) is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)5C(O)NH. This colourless solid is a lactam (a cyclic amide) of caproic acid. Global demand for this compound is approximately five million tons per year, and the vast majority is used ...

Nomenclature

The

systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivial ...

of this enzyme class is (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA:NAD⁺ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include: * 1-specific DPN-linked beta-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase * 3-hydroxyacetyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase * 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase * 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase * 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase * 3-keto reductase * 3-L-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase * 3beta-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase * beta-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase * beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase * beta-hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase * beta-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A synthetase * beta-hydroxyacylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase * beta-hydroxybutyrylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase * beta-keto-reductase * beta-ketoacyl-CoA reductase * L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase * L-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase

Structural studies

As of 20 January 2010, 22

structures A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as ...

have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .

References

* * * * EC 1.1.1 NADH-dependent enzymes Enzymes of known structure {{1.1.1-enzyme-stub