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The 2019 Canadian federal election was held on October 21, 2019. Members of the House of Commons were elected to the
43rd Canadian Parliament The 43rd Canadian Parliament was in session from December 5, 2019, to August 15, 2021, with the membership of its Lower House, the House of Commons of Canada, having been determined by the results of the 2019 federal election held on October 21, ...
. In keeping with the maximum four-year term under a 2007 amendment to the ''Canada Elections Act'', the
writs of election A writ of election is a writ issued ordering the holding of an election. In Commonwealth countries writs are the usual mechanism by which general elections are called and are issued by the head of state or their representative. In the Unite ...
for the 2019 election were issued by
Governor General Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy ...
Julie Payette Julie Payette (; born October 20, 1963) is a Canadian engineer, scientist and former astronaut who served from 2017 to 2021 as Governor General of Canada, the 29th since Canadian Confederation. Payette holds engineering degrees from McGill ...
on September 11, 2019. With 33.12% of the vote for the Liberal Party, led by incumbent
Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...
Justin Trudeau Justin Pierre James Trudeau ( , ; born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician who is the 23rd and current prime minister of Canada. He has served as the prime minister of Canada since 2015 and as the leader of the Liberal Party since ...
, the 2019 election ranked second (with the 2021 federal election ranking first) for the lowest vote share for a party that would go on to form a single-party minority government. The Liberals lost the popular vote to the
Conservative Party The Conservative Party is a name used by many political parties around the world. These political parties are generally right-wing though their exact ideologies can range from center-right to far-right. Political parties called The Conservative P ...
by one per cent, marking only the second time in Canadian history that a governing party formed a government while receiving less than 35 per cent of the national popular vote, the first time being the inaugural
1867 Canadian federal election The 1867 Canadian federal election was held from August 7 to September 20, 1867, and was the first election for the new country of Canada. It was held to elect members representing electoral districts in the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Bruns ...
after
Confederation A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a union of sovereign groups or states united for purposes of common action. Usually created by a treaty, confederations of states tend to be established for dealing with critical iss ...
. The Conservatives, led by Andrew Scheer, won 121 seats and remained the Official Opposition. The Bloc Québécois, led by Yves-François Blanchet, won 32 seats to regain official party status and became the third party for the first time since
2008 File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
. The New Democratic Party, led by Jagmeet Singh, won 24 seats, its worst result since
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight ...
. The
Green Party A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as social justice, environmentalism and nonviolence. Greens believe that these issues are inherently related to one another as a foundation f ...
, led by Elizabeth May, saw its best election results with three seats and for the first time received over one million votes. The Greens also elected their first MP outside of British Columbia,
Jenica Atwin Jenica Atwin (''née'' Powell; born January 10, 1987) is a Canadian politician who was elected to represent the riding of Fredericton in the House of Commons of Canada in the 2019 Canadian federal election. Atwin was the first Member of Parlia ...
in
Fredericton Fredericton (; ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The city is situated in the west-central portion of the province along the Saint John River, which flows west to east as it bisects the city. The river is the do ...
, New Brunswick.
Independent Independent or Independents may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups * Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s * Independe ...
MP Jody Wilson-Raybould won her seat and was the first independent to win a seat in over a decade. In their first election, the People's Party failed to win any seats, as leader Maxime Bernier lost his own seat in Beauce, a seat he won as a Conservative in the previous four elections before forming his own party following his unsuccessful bid for the Conservative Party's leadership.


Background

The 2015 federal election resulted in a Liberal
majority government A majority government is a government by one or more governing parties that hold an absolute majority of seats in a legislature. This is as opposed to a minority government, where the largest party in a legislature only has a plurality of seats ...
headed by
Justin Trudeau Justin Pierre James Trudeau ( , ; born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician who is the 23rd and current prime minister of Canada. He has served as the prime minister of Canada since 2015 and as the leader of the Liberal Party since ...
. The Conservatives became the Official Opposition (with
Stephen Harper Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian politician who served as the 22nd prime minister of Canada from 2006 to 2015. Harper is the first and only prime minister to come from the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada, ...
announcing his resignation as party leader) and the New Democrats (NDP) became the third party. While members of the Bloc Québécois and the Greens were elected to the House, both failed to achieve the required number of MPs—twelve—for official party status. Bloc leader
Gilles Duceppe Gilles Duceppe (; born July 22, 1947) is a Canadian retired politician, proponent of the Quebec sovereignty movement and former leader of the Bloc Québécois. He was a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada for over 20 years and ...
announced his resignation shortly after the election, and was succeeded by
Parti Québécois The Parti Québécois (; ; PQ) is a sovereignist and social democratic provincial political party in Quebec, Canada. The PQ advocates national sovereignty for Quebec involving independence of the province of Quebec from Canada and establis ...
MNA Martine Ouellet. After losing a
leadership review In Canadian politics, a leadership review is a vote held at a political party convention in which delegates decide whether to endorse the incumbent party leader or schedule a leadership convention to elect a new leader. In most parties at present, ...
, Ouellet announced she would step down as Bloc leader on June 11, 2018, and was succeeded by Yves-François Blanchet on January 17, 2019. Tom Mulcair was rejected as NDP party leader; he gained only 48% of the vote at the NDP's April 2016
leadership review In Canadian politics, a leadership review is a vote held at a political party convention in which delegates decide whether to endorse the incumbent party leader or schedule a leadership convention to elect a new leader. In most parties at present, ...
. The party held a leadership election on October 1, 2017, electing Ontario MPP and the former Deputy Leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party Jagmeet Singh as Mulcair's successor.


Parties and standings

The table below lists parties represented in the House of Commons after the 2015 federal election, and the standings at dissolution.


Bill C-44

Bill C-44 was passed in 2017 and assigned responsibility to the
Parliamentary Budget Office The Parliamentary Budget Office (PBO) is an agency of the Australian Parliament whose purpose is to "inform the parliament by providing independent and non-partisan analysis of the budget cycle, fiscal policy and the financial implications of p ...
to calculate the cost of party platforms for elections; the review was available in the 2019 election. The Parliamentary Budget Office had a $500,000 budget for costing party platforms for this election, but announced it would only review a party platform at the request of the authoring party. It also conducted confidential assessments of independent and party platform proposals preceding the election campaign. The service was also available to members of parliament representing a party without official party status in the House of Commons, like Elizabeth May's Green Party.


Electoral reform

In June 2015, Trudeau pledged to reform the electoral system if elected, saying, "We are committed to ensuring that 2015 is the last election held under first-past-the-post." As the Liberals, New Democrats, Bloc Québécois, and Green Party were all in favour of reform, a different voting system could have been in place by the next federal election. A Special Committee on Electoral Reform was formed with representatives from all five parties in the House. The committee's report, ''Strengthening Democracy in Canada: Principles, Process and Public Engagement for Electoral Reform'', was presented in December 2016 and recommended a
proportional electoral system Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divis ...
be introduced following a national referendum. The majority of the all-party committee recommended "that the government should, as it develops a new electoral system ... eek tominimize the level of distortion between the popular will of the electorate and the resultant seat allocations in Parliament." The mandate of the committee was to "identify and conduct a study of viable alternate voting systems" rather than to recommend a specific alternative system. The Minister of Democratic Institutions Maryam Monsef was critical of the committee's recommendation saying "I have to admit I'm a little disappointed, because what we had hoped the committee would provide us with would be a specific alternative system to first past the post." Interim Conservative Leader Rona Ambrose said Monsef's comments were "a disgrace" and Green Party Leader Elizabeth May said " e minister chose to insult the committee and chose to mislead Canadians." In February 2017, Trudeau dropped support for electoral reform, issuing a mandate to newly appointed Minister of Democratic Institutions
Karina Gould Karina Gould (born June 28, 1987) is a Canadian politician who has been the minister of families, children and social development since October 26, 2021. A member of the Liberal Party, she serves as a member of Parliament (MP) and has represen ...
, saying that, "A clear preference for a new electoral system, let alone a consensus, has not emerged. ... Changing the electoral system will not be in your mandate." In response to questions from the public in Iqaluit, Trudeau said "It is because I felt it was not in the best interests of our country and of our future," citing concerns that alternative electoral systems would give too much power to "extremist and activist voices" that could create "instability and uncertainty" dividing the country.


Assessment of Trudeau's government

In July 2019, an independent academically-edited study, ''Assessing Justin Trudeau's Liberal Government: 353 Promises and a Mandate for Change'', was published by Les Presses de l' Université Laval, finding that Justin Trudeau's government kept 92 per cent of pledges, when complete and partial pledges were added together, while the Harper government kept 85 per cent of complete and partial pledges. When only completed, realized pledges were calculated, Harper's government, in their last year, kept 77 per cent of promises while the Liberal government kept 53.5 per cent. The book notes that Harper's pledges tended towards transactional pledges which target sub-populations while Trudeau's government's promises were transformative—ambitious pledges the Liberals took while they were the third-place party. Trudeau's government, according to the researchers, and the "last Harper government had the highest rates of follow-through on their campaign promises of any Canadian government over the last 35 years."


Election spending

According to Elections Canada rules, third parties are allowed to spend $1,023,400 in the pre-election period between June 30 and the start of the election campaign. They can spend an additional $511,700 during the election campaign.


Reimbursements for political parties and candidates

Political parties receive a reimbursement for 50 per cent of their election expenses during the writ period. Similarly, electoral district associations receive a reimbursement of 60 per cent of their election expenses during the writ period. Both reimbursements are publicly funded.


Registered third parties

A person or group must register as a
third party Third party may refer to: Business * Third-party source, a supplier company not owned by the buyer or seller * Third-party beneficiary, a person who could sue on a contract, despite not being an active party * Third-party insurance, such as a V ...
immediately after incurring expenses totaling $500 or more on regulated activities that take place during the pre-election period or election period. The regulated activities are partisan activities (that promote parties or candidates), election surveys, partisan advertising and election advertising. Furthermore, to be a third party you must be : * an individual who is a Canadian citizen, a permanent resident or lives in Canada * a corporation that carries on business in Canada, or * a group, as long as a person responsible for the group is a Canadian citizen, a permanent resident or lives in Canada. One cannot spend money or use their resources to influence Canadian elections if they are a foreign third party. There are also strict limits on expenses related to regulated activities, and specific limits that can be incurred to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district. Registered third parties are subject to an election advertising expenses limit of $1,023,400 in the pre-election period, of which $10,234 can be spent in a given electoral district and $511,700 during the election period. Of that amount, no more than $4,386 can be spent to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district.


Incumbents not running for reelection

Below are the 44 MPs who chose not to run in the 2019 federal election:


Timeline


2015

*October 19, 2015: The
Liberal Party of Canada The Liberal Party of Canada (french: Parti libéral du Canada, region=CA) is a federal political party in Canada. The party espouses the principles of liberalism,McCall, Christina; Stephen Clarkson"Liberal Party". ''The Canadian Encyclopedia' ...
wins a
majority government A majority government is a government by one or more governing parties that hold an absolute majority of seats in a legislature. This is as opposed to a minority government, where the largest party in a legislature only has a plurality of seats ...
in the
42nd Canadian federal election The 2015 Canadian federal election held on October 19, 2015, saw the Liberal Party, led by Justin Trudeau, win 184 seats, allowing it to form a majority government with Trudeau becoming the next prime minister. The election was held to elect me ...
. Outgoing Prime Minister
Stephen Harper Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian politician who served as the 22nd prime minister of Canada from 2006 to 2015. Harper is the first and only prime minister to come from the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada, ...
announces his intention to resign as leader of the
Conservative Party of Canada The Conservative Party of Canada (french: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the Tories, is a federal political party in Canada. It was formed in 2003 by the merger of the two main right-leaning parties, the Progressive Co ...
. *October 22, 2015:
Gilles Duceppe Gilles Duceppe (; born July 22, 1947) is a Canadian retired politician, proponent of the Quebec sovereignty movement and former leader of the Bloc Québécois. He was a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada for over 20 years and ...
resigns as leader of the Bloc Québécois and is replaced on an interim-basis by Rivière-du-Nord MP
Rhéal Fortin Rhéal Éloi Fortin () is a Canadian lawyer and politician, who is the member of the House of Commons for Rivière-du-Nord. A lawyer by profession, he is the president of Bissonnette Fortin Giroux, a law firm in Saint-Jérôme. He studied law ...
. *November 4, 2015:
Justin Trudeau Justin Pierre James Trudeau ( , ; born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician who is the 23rd and current prime minister of Canada. He has served as the prime minister of Canada since 2015 and as the leader of the Liberal Party since ...
is sworn in as the 23rd
Prime Minister of Canada The prime minister of Canada (french: premier ministre du Canada, link=no) is the head of government of Canada. Under the Westminster system, the prime minister governs with the confidence of a majority the elected House of Commons; as su ...
. *November 5, 2015: Sturgeon River—Parkland MP and former cabinet minister Rona Ambrose is elected interim Conservative leader. *December 3, 2015: The 42nd Parliament is convened.


2016

*March 23, 2016: Jim Hillyer, Conservative MP for Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner dies of a heart attack. *April 10, 2016: 52% of delegates at the 2016 NDP convention voted in support of a
leadership review In Canadian politics, a leadership review is a vote held at a political party convention in which delegates decide whether to endorse the incumbent party leader or schedule a leadership convention to elect a new leader. In most parties at present, ...
motion to hold a leadership election within 24 months. Party leader Tom Mulcair announces he will stay on as leader until his replacement is chosen. *August 15, 2016: Mauril Belanger, Liberal MP for
Ottawa—Vanier Ottawa—Vanier (formerly known as Ottawa East) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1935. Previous to that date, it was part of the Ottawa electoral district tha ...
dies of ALS. *August 26, 2016: Former Prime Minister
Stephen Harper Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian politician who served as the 22nd prime minister of Canada from 2006 to 2015. Harper is the first and only prime minister to come from the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada, ...
, Conservative MP for Calgary Heritage resigns his seat in the House of Commons. *September 9, 2016:
Strength in Democracy Strength in Democracy ( French: ''Forces et Démocratie'', ) was a Canadian federal political party founded in 2014 by two Quebec Members of Parliament (MPs). From October 2014 to October 2015, the party was represented in the House of Commons of ...
, a party which had three incumbent MPs among its 17 candidates in the last election is deregistered by Elections Canada for failure to file papers maintaining its party status. *September 23, 2016: Jason Kenney, Conservative MP for Calgary Midnapore resigns his seat to seek the leadership of the
Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta The Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta (often referred to colloquially as Progressive Conservative Party of Alberta) was a provincial centre-right party in the Canadian province of Alberta that existed from 1905 to 2020. The party f ...
.


2017

*February 1, 2017:
John McCallum John McCallum (born 9 April 1950) is a Canadian politician, economist, diplomat and former university professor. A former Liberal Member of Parliament ( MP), McCallum was the Canadian Ambassador to China from 2017 to 2019. He was asked for h ...
, Liberal MP for
Markham—Thornhill Markham—Thornhill is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015. It encompasses a portion of Ontario previously included in the electoral districts of Markham—Un ...
resigns his seat to become Ambassador to China. *February 6, 2017: Stéphane Dion, Liberal MP for Saint-Laurent resigns his seat to become Ambassador to Germany and Special Envoy of Canada to the
European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are located primarily in Europe, Europe. The union has a total area of ...
and Europe. *March 18, 2017: Martine Ouellet is acclaimed as leader of the Bloc Québécois. *May 27, 2017: Andrew Scheer is elected leader of the
Conservative Party of Canada The Conservative Party of Canada (french: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the Tories, is a federal political party in Canada. It was formed in 2003 by the merger of the two main right-leaning parties, the Progressive Co ...
. *July 4, 2017: Rona Ambrose, Conservative MP for Sturgeon River—Parkland resigns her seat in the House of Commons. *August 31, 2017: Calgary Skyview MP Darshan Kang resigns from the Liberal caucus amid sexual harassment allegations. *September 14, 2017:
Arnold Chan Arnold Chan (June 10, 1967 – September 14, 2017) was a Canadian lawyer and politician, who was elected to represent the riding of Scarborough—Agincourt in the House of Commons of Canada in the 2014 by-election. Chan was a member of the Lib ...
, Liberal MP for Scarborough—Agincourt dies of cancer. *October 1, 2017: Jagmeet Singh is elected leader of the New Democratic Party. *December 1, 2017: Denis Lemieux, Liberal MP for
Chicoutimi—Le Fjord Chicoutimi—Le Fjord (formerly known as Chicoutimi) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1925. The riding consists of the northern part of the Chicoutimi borough o ...
resigns his seat in the House of Commons.


2018

*February 28, 2018: Citing conflict with party leader Martine Ouellet, seven Bloc Québécois MPs resign from the party caucus, establishing the for parliamentary purposes, while remaining independent of any electoral political party. Only Xavier Barsalou-Duval (
Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères is a federal electoral district in Quebec. It encompasses a portion of Quebec that had been included in the electoral districts of Longueuil—Pierre-Boucher and Verchères—Les Patriotes. Pierre-B ...
),
Mario Beaulieu Mario A. Beaulieu (; born February 1, 1959) is a Canadian politician. An advocate for nationalism in Quebec, he served as leader (2014–2015), interim leader (2018–2019) and president (2014–2018) of the Bloc Québécois (BQ); Beaulieu ...
(
La Pointe-de-l'Île La Pointe-de-l'Île () is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. Its population in 2001 was 98,878. The riding was created in 2003 from parts of Anjou—Rivièr ...
), and
Marilène Gill Marilène Gill is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 2015 election. She represents the electoral district of Manicouagan as a member of the Bloc Québécois. Gill was one of three Bloc MPs who supp ...
( Manicouagan) remain in the Bloc Québécois caucus. *May 2, 2018:
Gord Brown Gordon Keith Brown (August 31, 1960 – May 2, 2018) was a Canadian politician who represented the Ontario riding of Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes in the House of Commons of Canada as a member of the Conservative Part ...
, Conservative MP for Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes dies of a heart attack. *May 9, 2018: Members of the ''Groupe parlementaire québécois'' announce they will be forming a new political party, Québec debout. *June 4, 2018: After losing a
leadership review In Canadian politics, a leadership review is a vote held at a political party convention in which delegates decide whether to endorse the incumbent party leader or schedule a leadership convention to elect a new leader. In most parties at present, ...
, Martine Ouellet announces she will step down as leader of the Bloc Québécois effective June 11, 2018. *June 6, 2018:
Michel Boudrias Michel Boudrias (born 1977) is a Canadians, Canadian politician who served as the Member of Parliament (Canada), Member of Parliament (MP) for the Electoral district (Canada), riding of Terrebonne (electoral district), Terrebonne in the House of ...
and Simon Marcil, Québec debout MPs for
Terrebonne Terrebonne, meaning ''good earth'' in French, is a name of several places in North America: ;Canada *Terrebonne, Quebec, a suburb of Montreal **Terrebonne station, a commuter railway station in Terrebonne, Quebec ** Terrebonne City Council, the go ...
and Mirabel, respectively, announce they will return to the Bloc Québécois caucus as a result of Martine Ouellet's resignation as party leader. Citing the Bloc's vote the previous weekend to focus exclusively on
Quebec sovereignty The Quebec sovereignty movement (french: Mouvement souverainiste du Québec) is a political movement whose objective is to achieve the sovereignty of Quebec, a province of Canada since 1867, including in all matters related to any provision of ...
, Québec debout spokesman
Rhéal Fortin Rhéal Éloi Fortin () is a Canadian lawyer and politician, who is the member of the House of Commons for Rivière-du-Nord. A lawyer by profession, he is the president of Bissonnette Fortin Giroux, a law firm in Saint-Jérôme. He studied law ...
announces that he and the party's other four MPs will not rejoin the Bloc Québécois. *August 3, 2018: Tom Mulcair, NDP MP for Outremont resigns his seat in the House of Commons. *August 23, 2018: Beauce MP Maxime Bernier resigns from the Conservative caucus in disagreement with the leadership of Andrew Scheer. Bernier announces his intention to form a new federal party. *September 14, 2018: **Three weeks after leaving the Conservative caucus, Beauce MP Maxime Bernier formally launches the People's Party of Canada, becoming its first MP. ** Kennedy Stewart, NDP MP for Burnaby South, resigns to run for mayor of Vancouver, triggering a by-election in his riding. *September 17, 2018: ** All five Québec debout MPs –
Rhéal Fortin Rhéal Éloi Fortin () is a Canadian lawyer and politician, who is the member of the House of Commons for Rivière-du-Nord. A lawyer by profession, he is the president of Bissonnette Fortin Giroux, a law firm in Saint-Jérôme. He studied law ...
( Rivière-du-Nord), Monique Pauzé ( Repentigny), Louis Plamondon (
Bécancour—Nicolet—Saurel Bécancour—Nicolet—Saurel (formerly Bas-Richelieu—Nicolet—Bécancour and Richelieu) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968. Geography The riding, along t ...
), Gabriel Ste-Marie ( Joliette), and
Luc Thériault Luc Thériault (born January 31, 1960) is a Canadian academic and politician.Adam, Melanie (March 26, 2007)Luc Thériault : une longue journée.'' Le Trait d'Union'' As a member of the Parti Québécois, he served as a Member of the National ...
( Montcalm) – announce they will rejoin the Bloc Québécois, officially dissolving Quebec debout. **
Leona Alleslev Leona Alleslev-Krofchak (born March 16, 1968) is a Canadian politician and former military officer who served as the member of Parliament (MP) for Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill. She was elected as a Liberal in the 2015 federal election, ...
, Liberal MP for
Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada. It has been represented by Leah Taylor Roy, a Liberal, since 2021. It encompasses a portion of Ontario previously included in the electoral districts of ...
, crosses the floor to join the Conservatives, citing concerns for the Liberal's handling of the economy, foreign and security policies, and international trade. *September 30, 2018:
Peter Van Loan Peter Van Loan (born April 18, 1963) is a former Canadian politician who served as the Member of Parliament for the electoral district of York—Simcoe from 2004 to 2018. He was the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons from 2007 to ...
, Conservative MP for
York—Simcoe York—Simcoe is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1979, from 1988 to 1997 and since 2004. It covers part of the region north of Toronto by Lake Simcoe ...
resigns his seat in the House of Commons. *November 7, 2018: Parry Sound—Muskoka MP
Tony Clement Tony Peter Clement (born January 27, 1961) is a Canadian former federal politician and former Member of Parliament for Parry Sound—Muskoka in Ontario. Before entering federal politics, Clement served as an Ontario cabinet minister, including ...
resigns from the Conservative caucus, at the request of leader Andrew Scheer, due to a sexting scandal. *November 30, 2018:
Brampton East Brampton East (french: Brampton-Est) is a federal electoral district in Ontario. It encompasses a portion of Ontario previously included in the electoral districts of Bramalea—Gore—Malton and Brampton—Springdale. Brampton East was crea ...
MP
Raj Grewal Rajvinder Grewal (born September 11, 1985) is a former Canadian politician who represented the riding of Brampton East in the House of Commons of Canada from 2015 to 2019. Elected as a Liberal in the 2015 Canadian federal election, he resigned f ...
resigns from the Liberal caucus to enter treatment due to a gambling addiction.


2019

*January 2, 2019:
Sheila Malcolmson Sheila Malcolmson (born March 26, 1966) is a Canadian politician who has served as the Member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia for the electoral district of Nanaimo since January 30, 2019. She was previously the federal Member of ...
, NDP MP for
Nanaimo—Ladysmith Nanaimo—Ladysmith is a federal electoral district in British Columbia. Nanaimo—Ladysmith was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It has come into effect ...
resigned her seat to seek election in the British Columbia provincial riding of
Nanaimo Nanaimo ( ) is a city on the east coast of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. As of the 2021 census, it had a population of 99,863, and it is known as "The Harbour City." The city was previously known as the "Hub City," which was ...
. *January 17, 2019: As no other candidate had entered the race by the January 15 nomination deadline, Yves-François Blanchet was acclaimed leader of the Bloc Québécois. *January 29, 2019: Nicola Di Iorio, Liberal MP for
Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel (formerly Saint-Léonard) is a federal electoral district within the City of Montreal in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988. Its population during the 2011 elec ...
resigned his seat in the House of Commons. *February 10, 2019:
Scott Brison Scott A. Brison (born May 10, 1967) is a Canadian former politician from Nova Scotia. Brison served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Kings-Hants from the 1997 federal election until July 2000, then from November 2000 to Febru ...
, Liberal MP for
Kings—Hants Kings—Hants (formerly Annapolis Valley—Hants and Annapolis Valley) is a federal electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968. Demographics :''According to the Canada 201 ...
resigned his seat in the House of Commons. *February 25, 2019: By-elections were held in Outremont,
York—Simcoe York—Simcoe is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1979, from 1988 to 1997 and since 2004. It covers part of the region north of Toronto by Lake Simcoe ...
and Burnaby South, electing Liberal Rachel Bendayan, Conservative
Scot Davidson Scot Davidson is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in a by-election on February 25, 2019.Jagmeet Singh, respectively. *March 20, 2019:
Whitby Whitby is a seaside town, port and civil parish in the Scarborough borough of North Yorkshire, England. Situated on the east coast of Yorkshire at the mouth of the River Esk, Whitby has a maritime, mineral and tourist heritage. Its East Cl ...
MP Celina Caesar-Chavannes resigned from the Liberal caucus. *April 2, 2019:
Markham—Stouffville Markham—Stouffville is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada. It encompasses a portion of Ontario previously included in the electoral districts of Markham—Unionville and Oak Ridges—Markham.; ; see also Statistics CanadaNational ...
MP Jane Philpott and
Vancouver Granville Vancouver Granville is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015. The district includes all or significant portions of the Kerrisdale, Marpole, Oakridge, S ...
MP Jody Wilson-Raybould were removed from the Liberal caucus. *May 6, 2019: A by-election was held in
Nanaimo—Ladysmith Nanaimo—Ladysmith is a federal electoral district in British Columbia. Nanaimo—Ladysmith was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It has come into effect ...
, electing Green candidate
Paul Manly Paul Manly is a Canadian politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Nanaimo—Ladysmith from 2019 until 2021. A member of the Green Party of Canada, he was elected to the House of Commons in a by-election on May 6, 2019, making ...
. *June 20, 2019: Mark Warawa, Conservative MP for
Langley—Aldergrove Langley—Aldergrove is a federal electoral district in British Columbia. It encompasses a portion of British Columbia previously included in the electoral districts of Langley and Abbotsford. Langley—Aldergrove was created by the 2012 f ...
died of cancer. *August 2, 2019: Deepak Obhrai, Conservative MP for Calgary Forest Lawn died from liver cancer. * August 16, 2019:
Pierre Nantel Pierre Nantel (born June 10, 1963) is a Canadian politician and a former member of the House of Commons of Canada. First elected in the 2011 federal election as a member of the New Democratic Party (NDP), he succeeded Jean Dorion of the Bloc ...
was removed from the New Democratic Party caucus and de-selected as the NDP candidate for Longueuil—Saint-Hubert after reports surfaced of ongoing discussions regarding Nantel joining the Green Party of Canada. He announces that he is now an independent MP. * August 19, 2019:
Pierre Nantel Pierre Nantel (born June 10, 1963) is a Canadian politician and a former member of the House of Commons of Canada. First elected in the 2011 federal election as a member of the New Democratic Party (NDP), he succeeded Jean Dorion of the Bloc ...
repeated that he will remain an independent MP until the end of his term in the current Parliament and announces that he will be a candidate for the Green Party of Canada in the election for the next Parliament. *September 10, 2019: The Rhinoceros Party nominated a candidate named Maxime Bernier in Beauce, the riding of People's Party leader Maxime Bernier. * September 11, 2019: Parliament is dissolved and writs of election are dropped. *September 13, 2019: Elizabeth May announced that her party will conduct more thorough "re-vetting" of candidates after media reports of some Green candidates have made past statements opposing legal abortion. *September 15, 2019: Andrew Scheer said he will stand by candidates despite "controversial" comments in the past as long as the candidate apologizes, and takes responsibility for said comments. *September 16, 2019: Maxime Bernier was officially invited to the debates organized by the Leaders' Debates Commission after Commissioner David Johnston announces the People's Party meets the criteria set for the debates. *October 11–14, 2019: Advance polls were open, with an estimated record 4.7 million electors casting their ballots, a turnout increase of 29% above the 2015 general election. It also marked the first time polls have been open for 12 hours each day. *October 18, 2019: Elections Canada reports historic turnout among international voters, with 21,842 electors casting their ballots. *October 21, 2019: Election Day: The Liberal Party, led by incumbent Prime Minister
Justin Trudeau Justin Pierre James Trudeau ( , ; born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician who is the 23rd and current prime minister of Canada. He has served as the prime minister of Canada since 2015 and as the leader of the Liberal Party since ...
, forms a minority government with 157 seats.


Endorsements


Campaign slogans


Election campaign


Liberal

The
Parliament of Canada The Parliament of Canada (french: Parlement du Canada) is the federal legislature of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, and is composed of three parts: the King, the Senate, and the House of Commons. By constitutional convention, ...
's
Ethics Commissioner The Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner of Canada is an entity of the Parliament of Canada. The commissioner is an independent officer of Parliament, who administers the ''Conflict of Interest Act'' and the ''Conflict of Interest Code ...
, Mario Dion, found that Trudeau improperly influenced then Minister of Justice and Attorney General Jody Wilson-Raybould to intervene in an ongoing criminal case against Quebec-based construction company SNC-Lavalin. The Trudeau government has maintained that there was no undue pressure or law broken, that offering SNC-Lavalin a deferred prosecution agreement (DPA) could save jobs, and that the controversy resulted from a misunderstanding and an "erosion of trust". The affair became public in February 2019, shortly after Wilson-Raybould had been shuffled to another cabinet position. Wilson-Raybould resigned from cabinet later that day. This was followed by the resignation of cabinet minister Jane Philpott, over the government's handling of the affair. In April, Wilson-Raybould and Philpott were expelled by Trudeau from the Liberal caucus; Trudeau cited concerns for division in and subsequent weakening of the Liberal party. On April 2, 2019, Wilson-Raybould, as Liberal candidate for
Vancouver Granville Vancouver Granville is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015. The district includes all or significant portions of the Kerrisdale, Marpole, Oakridge, S ...
, and Philpott, as Liberal candidate for
Markham—Stouffville Markham—Stouffville is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada. It encompasses a portion of Ontario previously included in the electoral districts of Markham—Unionville and Oak Ridges—Markham.; ; see also Statistics CanadaNational ...
, were deselected as candidates. In late August, Party deputy leader Ralph Goodale, Liberal candidate for
Regina—Wascana Regina—Wascana (formerly Wascana) is a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988. Geography Most of the riding is within the provincial capital city of Regina, ...
,
Lawrence MacAulay Lawrence A. MacAulay (born September 9, 1946) is a Canadian politician, who has represented the riding of Cardigan, Prince Edward Island in the House of Commons since 1988. On June 11, 1997, he joined the cabinet of Prime Minister Jean Chrét ...
, candidate for Cardigan, and
Francis Scarpaleggia Francis Scarpaleggia (born June 6, 1957 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian politician. He is a member of the Liberal Party of Canada and Member of Parliament for the riding of Lac-Saint-Louis, which encompasses the west of the island of Montre ...
, candidate for
Lac-Saint-Louis Lac-Saint-Louis is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997. Its population was 108,579 at the 2016 Canadian Census. Geography The district includes the Cities of Be ...
, were singled out for their opposition to
same-sex marriage Same-sex marriage, also known as gay marriage, is the marriage of two people of the same sex or gender. marriage between same-sex couples is legally performed and recognized in 33 countries, with the most recent being Mexico, constituting ...
. Pundits argued that Goodale was being hypocritical, due to his role with Scheer and the same-sex marriage incident. Goodale later stated that he had evolved on the position and wanted answers from Scheer. On August 30, Hassan Guillet, Liberal candidate for
Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel (formerly Saint-Léonard) is a federal electoral district within the City of Montreal in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988. Its population during the 2011 elec ...
, was dropped as a candidate following allegations of anti-Semitic comments from
B'nai B'rith B'nai B'rith International (, from he, בְּנֵי בְּרִית, translit=b'né brit, lit=Children of the Covenant) is a Jewish service organization. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish peo ...
. Guillet's nomination previously raised concern that his ethnicity would be out of place in the majority Italian riding. Guillet denied the allegation, alleged that the Liberals were aware of the post, and that they "imposed" his replacement
Patricia Lattanzio Patricia Lattanzio is a Canadian politician and lawyer, who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 2019 Canadian federal election. She represents the electoral district of Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel as a member of the Liberal P ...
, on the riding. On September 20, Guillet announced he would run as an independent. Sameer Zuberi, Liberal candidate for Pierrefonds—Dollard, was nominated on September 15, despite questioning Osama bin Laden's involvement in 9/11 in a social media post. Zuberi called the accusations false saying it was an attempt by the Conservatives to deflect attention away from their own candidates with extremist or white supremacist leanings. On September 18, ''L'Express of Drummondville'' reported that the Liberal candidate for Drummond, William Morales' nomination victory was attended by two convicted criminals. Morales said that while he maintains contact with Spanish-speaking members from the Drummondville community the two people were not involved in his campaign and he does not have close relations with them. He later told his local newspaper that he interacts with members regardless of their background. On September 18, Trudeau attracted controversy for a photograph published in ''
Time Time is the continued sequence of existence and event (philosophy), events that occurs in an apparently irreversible process, irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various me ...
'' magazine, in which he wore brownface makeup to a party at
West Point Grey Academy West Point Grey Academy is an independent, co-educational, day school founded in 1996. Located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It delivers the British Columbia Ministry of Education curriculum from Junior-Kindergarten to Grade 12. Histor ...
, where he was a teacher, in 2001. Trudeau called it a mistake and apologized publicly for it. When apologizing, Trudeau also confessed to having worn similar makeup in high-school. Following his apology, an earlier instance from the early 1990s of Trudeau wearing blackface makeup was uncovered. The following day, Trudeau apologized again and said he was "not that person anymore". He also said that it should not be called "makeup" but blackface. Some commentators labelled this hypocritical, since the Liberals had exposed the past misdeeds of some Conservative candidates. Trudeau drew a mixed reaction from the public. Some were upset and contemplated changing their vote, while others defended him, such as members of minorities, minority community groups, racialized commentators and some of his opponents. Later, Trudeau announced that he wanted to apologize personally to Jagmeet Singh, who replied that he would only meet Trudeau for an apology if it was "politics-free" and private. Following the announcement, Singh received a call from Trudeau on September 24, and they talked privately for 15 to 20 minutes. In the days following the scandal, pollsters pointed out that the majority of Canadians either were not bothered by the scandal or had accepted Trudeau's apology. On September 23, Del Arnold, Liberal candidate for Calgary Shepard, apologized to Conservative rival
Tom Kmiec Tomasz Kmiec (kuh-MICH; born July 31, 1981) is a Polish-Canadian politician who serves the Member of Parliament for Calgary Shepard in the House of Commons of Canada. Additionally, he is the Conservative Party of Canada's National Caucus Chair, ...
after spreading misleading information about his place of residence. Arnold has not apologized for a deleted tweet that accused Andrew Scheer of having links to "white supremacy" and the 2017
Unite the Right rally The Unite the Right rally was a white supremacist rally that took place in Charlottesville, Virginia, from August 11 to 12, 2017. Marchers included members of the alt-right, neo-Confederates, neo-fascists, white nationalists, neo-Nazis, Kl ...
in Virginia. On September 28, Judy Sgro, Liberal candidate for Humber River—Black Creek, made remarks during an interview with a radio network called GBKM FM defending Trudeau's wearing of brownface/blackface makeup: "Those in the black community have told me how much more love they have for the prime minister, that he wanted to have a black face. That he took great pride in that, too". She later apologized for her remarks, saying that “the comments I made on GBKM FM were insensitive,” and further adding “I should have known better, and I apologize”. On October 13, due to a security threat, Trudeau appeared 90 minutes late to a campaign rally. Trudeau took extraordinary security precautions at the event. He wore a bulletproof vest and was surrounded by heavily armed security personnel. His wife was also supposed to introduce him, but she did not appear on stage. The Liberal Party did not reveal the nature of the threat. Scheer and Singh both showed concern for Trudeau following the threat. The following day, the RCMP was still with the Liberal leader. Furthermore, Trudeau explained that he followed advice from the RCMP and that this event will not change the way he campaigns. On October 14, Trudeau dodged multiple questions about a possible coalition with the NDP in a minority scenario. He responded that he remains focused on winning a majority.


Conservative

About one year after he assumed office, polling showed that Ontario Premier Doug Ford of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario was deeply unpopular—in some cases even less popular than previous Ontario Liberal Party Premier Kathleen Wynne when she lost power, which could have deterred voters from voting for Scheer. This worried CPC insiders and prompted the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario to call an extended recess of the provincial legislature to reduce negative news coverage, in order to help the federal Tories. If the Conservatives lost the election, Scheer pledged to blame it on Ford during his leadership review. Therefore, leading up to the campaign, Andrew Scheer distanced himself from Ford and later campaigned without him. Meanwhile, the Liberals and Scheer's opponents tried to capitalize on Ford's unpopularity by linking Scheer to the Premier multiple times. Several CPC candidates were dropped leading to and during the course of the campaign. On April 25, Harzadan Khattra, the candidate for Dufferin—Caledon, was disqualified after a fellow contestant sent the party verifiable information about "membership buying, improper voting, and other concerns". On June 28,
Salim Mansur Salim Mansur is a Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of Western Ontario in Canada. He is a former columnist for the ''London Free Press'' and the '' Toronto Sun'', and has contributed to various publications including ...
, the candidate for
London North Centre London North Centre (french: London-Centre-Nord; formerly known as London—Adelaide) is a federal electoral district in the city of London in the province of Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 19 ...
, was disqualified over alleged fears that the Liberals would characterize Mansur's record as Islamophobic. On July 10, Mark King, the candidate for
Nipissing—Timiskaming Nipissing—Timiskaming is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. The riding was formed by the amalgamation of the former Nipissing riding with the southeastern p ...
, was stripped of his nomination for disputed reasons. On September 12, Cameron Ogilvie, Conservative candidate for Winnipeg North, resigned as a candidate after the party became aware of withheld social media post which the Conservative Party described as "discriminatory". On October 4, the party announced that Heather Leung, the candidate for
Burnaby North—Seymour Burnaby North—Seymour (french: Burnaby-Nord—Seymour) is a federal electoral district in British Columbia. It encompasses a portion of British Columbia previously included in the electoral districts of Burnaby—Douglas and North Vancouver. ...
, was dropped as reports surfaced of her making anti-LGBTQ comments in a video from 2011. Due to the deadline for naming candidates having passed, her name remained on the ballot. If she were to win, she would not sit in the party's caucus. Questions were raised as to why it took the party so long to remove her, since she was "a known commodity" when she was nominated. She had made anti-LGBTQ and anti-abortion comments in the past and ignored the media for months. Her riding association had also been criticized for their controversial social media posts. On October 10, Leung claimed she was misunderstood and that her comments were lost in translation since English is her third language. However, she did not apologize for her comments. On July 10, Cyma Musarat, Conservative candidate for Pickering—Uxbridge, faced an allegation from fellow party members that she won her nomination by using improper voting procedures. The Conservative Party faced an accusation that its headquarters had been delaying the nomination contest to find a different candidate. From July 24 to September 15, Ghada Melek attracted attention. This conservative candidate for Mississauga—Streetsville, was revealed by former organizers of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party to have been rejected as a candidate in the provincial riding over
Twitter Twitter is an online social media and social networking service owned and operated by American company Twitter, Inc., on which users post and interact with 280-character-long messages known as "tweets". Registered users can post, like, and ...
posts about Muslim extremism.
National Council of Canadian Muslims The National Council of Canadian Muslims (NCCM) is a Canadian Muslim civil liberties and advocacy organization. NCCM was formerly known as the Canadian Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR-CAN). NCCM is active in human rights and civil li ...
had issues over Melek's Twitter posts about Islam and LGBT+ community. Scheer accepted an apology she issued for her comments. Later, CTV News obtained her provincial vetting report and her promotion of conspiracy theories was seen as another factor behind her disqualification. When asked about the provincial party red-flagging Melek, Scheer defended her again. On August 22, Scheer faced questions over a 2005 online video in which he spoke against same-sex marriage Scheer himself did not respond until a press conference a week later where he argued that Trudeau was raising a wedge issue; Several pundits had an issue with his response. Weeks later, Scheer was asked if he needed to apologize for his comments giving the standards he set for his candidates; however he gave no response. After Trudeau's apology regarding blackface, Scheer was asked again if he should apologize for his words; he gave no response. Scheer once again chose to not answer the question directly on popular Quebec talk show ''Tout le monde en parle''. He said that he supports the law and the rights of Canadians, but that he will not walk in Pride parades. Between August 26 and 30, the Conservatives were questioned on abortion.
Alain Rayes Alain Rayes (born December 11, 1971) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to represent the riding of Richmond—Arthabaska in the House of Commons of Canada in the 2015 Canadian federal election, and reelected in the 2019 and 2021 electi ...
, Scheer's
Quebec lieutenant In Canadian politics, a Quebec lieutenant is a Quebec politician who is selected by the party leader to be his or her main advisor and/or spokesperson on issues specific to Quebec. This is particularly the case when the leader is an anglophone, t ...
, attracted attention after he told a Quebec radio station that he misspoke on the party stance on abortion. A few days later, Scheer held a press conference, where he addressed the issue. However, his answers were seen as confusing in the media, and anti-abortion activists found his answers to be mixed-messaging. A day later, Scheer said that he and his cabinet would vote against anti-abortion bills if the debate is re-opened. Scheer reiterated this statement on '' Tout le monde en parle.'' A day after his rivals pushed him to clarify his position during the TVA debate, Scheer mentioned that he was pro-life but reiterated what he said in the past concerning anti-abortion bills. On September 12, Rachel Wilson, Conservative candidate for York Centre, attracted attention after a video was posted online that called for pro-life legislation. Wilson did not comment when asked about abortion legislation. On September 13, Arpan Khanna, Conservative candidate for
Brampton North Brampton North (french: Brampton-Nord) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada. It encompass portions of Ontario formerly included in the electoral districts of Brampton—Springdale, Bramalea—Gore—Malton and Brampton West. Br ...
, apologized after it was revealed that he offhandedly used the slur " fag" to tease a friend. On September 14, Justina McCaffrey, Conservative candidate for Kanata—Carleton, attracted attention for making negative remarks in a video about
Justin Trudeau Justin Pierre James Trudeau ( , ; born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician who is the 23rd and current prime minister of Canada. He has served as the prime minister of Canada since 2015 and as the leader of the Liberal Party since ...
and Francophones, and her relationship with
Faith Goldy Faith Julia Goldy (born June 8, 1989), also known as Faith Goldy-Bazos, is a Canadian far-right, white nationalist political commentator, associated with the alt-right and white supremacy. She was a contributor to '' The Rebel Media'' and cove ...
. She departed a campaign event when confronted by reporters, but later released a statement apologizing for her comments and later stated that her relationship with Goldy ended a longtime ago. However, there were pictures of the two together in 2017—one of them featured Goldy doing the "
OK sign ''OK'' (spelling variations include ''okay'', ''O.K.'', ''ok'' and ''Ok'') is an English word (originating in American English) denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, acknowledgment, or a sign of indifference. ''OK'' is frequently ...
". Conservative campaign manager Hamish Marshall's past role as a director of
Rebel Media ''Rebel News'' (also known as ''The Rebel Media'' and ''The Rebel'') is a Canadian right-wing to far-right political and social commentary media website operated by Rebel News Network Ltd. It has been described as a "global platform" for the a ...
was also questioned, since Goldy was an on-screen personality before being fired. On October 7, the Canadian Press discovered that McCaffrey was a member of the controversial religious group Opus Dei. The CPC's spokesperson responded by saying that they do not question their candidates about their personal religious beliefs. On September 28, ''The Globe and Mail'' revealed that they found no record of Scheer receiving the licence required by law to work as an insurance agent or broker in Saskatchewan despite him claiming so in the past.
Robert Fife The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, ho ...
, the Ottawa bureau chief for ''The Globe and Mail'', explained that Scheer was an insurance clerk. Scheer responded by saying that he did receive his accreditation, but that he left the insurance office before the licensing process was finalized. Later, the Insurance Brokers Association of Saskatchewan said that Scheer completed just one of four required courses to become an insurance broker. The IBAS declined to comment further and said that a formal complaint had been launched by Liberal MP Marco Mendicino to the General Insurance Council of Saskatchewan. On October 3, ''The Globe and Mail'' revealed that Scheer had dual Canadian and American citizenship. The latter was obtained through his American-born father. He began the process of renouncing his US citizenship in August. Scheer confirmed that he has filed US tax returns. A party spokesperson added that he let his US passport lapse and that he has not voted in any U.S. election. The party verified that he is registered for the draft under the U.S.
Selective Service System The Selective Service System (SSS) is an independent agency of the United States government that maintains information on U.S. citizens and other U.S. residents potentially subject to military conscription (i.e., the draft) and carries out cont ...
, which is a list of individuals who can be conscripted into the armed forces in the event of a national emergency. When asked why he had not previously disclosed his dual citizenship, Scheer stated that he had never been asked about it. It was seen as hypocritical since Scheer had attacked former Governor General Michaëlle Jean on this same issue and because the Conservatives had attacked Thomas Mulcair and Stéphane Dion on this issue. Scheer defended the former by stating that he was asking a question to his constituents and said that he was not leading the party at the time when it came to the latter situation. Over the next days, he refused to explain how he traveled to the United States without a valid U.S. passport. It is against the law for U.S. citizens to do so without a valid U.S. passport. On October 11, the CBC filed an application in the Federal Court of Canada against the Conservative party over the use of television excerpts in partisan advertising. They claimed the party's use of excerpts violated the "moral rights" of news anchor Rosemary Barton and reporter John Paul Tasker. The action was brought despite the material having been taken down from websites and deleted from Twitter. The CBC said that it was given no reassurance that such use would not be repeated. The lawsuit says that the use of the material in a partisan way "diminishes the reputation" of the CBC and leaves it open to allegations that it is biased. On October 14, Scheer ruled out any coalition or negotiations with the Bloc Québécois. He said that he "does not need to work with the Bloc Québécois to deliver results for Quebec" and that he can work with Quebec Premier François Legault to deliver them. On October 16, Scheer said that the party with most seats should have the right to form government. A day later, he stood by his claim and added that is what has happened in modern history. Journalists pointed out that it was not the case and gave examples such as the 2018 New Brunswick general election and the 2017 British Columbia general election. On October 18 and 19, ''The Globe and Mail'' and CBC News revealed that the Conservative Party hired Warren Kinsella to "seek and destroy" the People's Party. Bernier filed a complaint to Elections Canada over what he called "a secret campaign to smear his party". Scheer did not say or deny that the Conservatives hired a consultant to destroy the PPC.


New Democratic Party

NDP candidates were dropped or stepped down during the course of the campaign. On June 20, Rana Zaman, candidate for
Dartmouth—Cole Harbour Dartmouth—Cole Harbour (formerly Dartmouth and Dartmouth—Halifax East) is a federal electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. Demographics ''From the 2021 census '' ...
, was dropped over comments about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict that the party deemed "unacceptable". On August 16,
Pierre Nantel Pierre Nantel (born June 10, 1963) is a Canadian politician and a former member of the House of Commons of Canada. First elected in the 2011 federal election as a member of the New Democratic Party (NDP), he succeeded Jean Dorion of the Bloc ...
, candidate for Longueuil—Saint-Hubert, was de-selected after reports surfaced of ongoing discussions regarding Nantel joining the Green Party of Canada. On September 11, Dock Currie, candidate for Kamloops-Thompson-Cariboo, was forced to resign over "flippant and aggressive" comments he made toward pro-pipeline activists. The next day, Olivier Mathieu, candidate for Lasalle-Emard-Verdun, stepped down following allegations of physical abuse against his ex-spouse. During the election, Jagmeet Singh has faced questions about wearing of a turban and whether that would reduce the number of people who would vote for him. Jonathan Richardson, the former federal NDP's executive member for Atlantic Canada, who defected to the
Green Party A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as social justice, environmentalism and nonviolence. Greens believe that these issues are inherently related to one another as a foundation f ...
, stated in an interview with
CBC Radio CBC Radio is the English-language radio operations of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The CBC operates a number of radio networks serving different audiences and programming niches, all of which (regardless of language) are outlined belo ...
, that some potential NDP candidates were hesitant to run in New Brunswick, due to Singh's turban.
CTV News CTV News is the news division of the CTV Television Network in Canada. The name ''CTV News'' is also applied as the title of local and regional newscasts on the network's owned-and-operated stations (O&Os), which are closely tied to the national ...
covered a Singh event in Verner, Ontario and spoke to a number of voters there, including NDP supporters, who said that they would not vote for a leader wearing a turban.
CBC News CBC News is a division of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the news gathering and production of news programs on the corporation's English-language operations, namely CBC Television, CBC Radio, CBC News Network, and CBC.ca ...
found a similar reaction in Ruth Ellen Brosseau's riding. Singh responded to these concerns. He explained some things about his turban and recorded a French ad without it to alleviate people's worries. Furthermore, according to Alexandre Boulerice, the party's Deputy Leader and
Quebec lieutenant In Canadian politics, a Quebec lieutenant is a Quebec politician who is selected by the party leader to be his or her main advisor and/or spokesperson on issues specific to Quebec. This is particularly the case when the leader is an anglophone, t ...
, the NDP is targeting young voters and they do not care about the turban. On October 2, a man told Singh to cut off his turban to look more Canadian during a campaign stop. Singh politely responded that Canadians "look like all sorts of people" before walking off. During the campaign, Singh talked about what he would do in a minority. On August 22, due to the controversy over Scheer's previous comments about same-sex marriage, he announced that the NDP would not support a Conservative minority government under any circumstances. On September 22, Singh announced that despite Trudeau's past brownface and blackface incidents, he would not rule out working with the Liberals in a minority scenario. On October 10, he laid out the conditions for NDP support in a minority Parliament: a national single-payer universal pharmacare plan, a national dental care plan, investments in housing, a plan to waive interest on student loans, a commitment to reduce emissions, to end subsidies for oil companies and to deliver aid to oilpatch workers to transition them out of fossil fuel industries, the introduction of a "super wealth" tax, a commitment to closing tax loopholes and reducing cellphone bills. He later added that changing the way the country votes is also a condition (Singh's NDP backs a system of
mixed-member proportional representation Mixed-member proportional representation (MMP or MMPR) is a mixed electoral system in which votes cast are considered in local elections and also to determine overall party vote tallies, which are used to allocate additional members to produce ...
). He added that he does not rule out supporting a pipeline-owning Liberal minority government. On October 13, Singh said he would "do whatever it takes" to keep the Tories from power, including forming a coalition government with the Liberals. He added that he is "ready to work with anyone", when he was asked about the Bloc. The following day, Singh backed off those comments and urged Canadians to vote NDP in order to receive the best services like universal pharmacare and dental care. Later, Singh said that coalition is not a dirty word and doubled down on his view that under no circumstance would his party support the Conservatives in a minority.


Bloc Québécois

On August 9, André Parizeau, Bloc candidate for
Ahuntsic-Cartierville Ahuntsic-Cartierville ( (local accent)) is a borough (''arrondissement'') of the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The borough was created following the 2002 municipal reorganization of Montreal. It comprises two main neighbourhoods, Ahuntsi ...
, created attention over his past communist affiliations as Leader of the Parti communiste du Québec (PCQ). Parizeau disavowed the PCQ in order to be accepted as candidate. In October, the Bloc Québécois called on Quebeckers to vote for candidates "who resemble you" (" des gens qui nous ressemblent ") in the election, prompting NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh to denounce the message as unacceptable and divisive. In his closing statement during Wednesday's French-language debate, Bloc Leader Yves-François Blanchet called on voters to "opt for men and women who resemble you, who share your values, who share your concerns and who work for your interests, and only for the interests of Quebeckers." The Bloc has said the comment has nothing to do with someone's background or religion but with Québécois values. During the English debate, Blanchet called the translation of his words dishonest and mentioned that the same words were used by Igniatieff in 2011 and Mulcair in 2015. On October 10, ''Le Journal de Montréal'' discovered that four BQ candidates had made anti-Islam and racist social media posts. A Bloc spokeswoman said it was up to Quebeckers to judge its candidates’ social-media posts. The comments were condemned by Elizabeth May, Jagmeet Singh, Mélanie Joly and
Françoise David Françoise David (born January 13, 1948) is a former spokesperson of Québec solidaire – a left-wing, feminist, and sovereigntist political party in the province of Quebec, Canada. She was elected to serve as the Member of the National Ass ...
. Later, the candidates all posted the same apology on their respective social media accounts and Yves-François Blanchet apologized for his candidates' Islamophobic and racist social media posts. On October 13, Blanchet announced that they will not support a coalition or a party in a minority scenario. The Bloc will go issue by issue and support what is best for Quebec.


Green Party

Several GPC candidates were dropped or stepped down during the course of the campaign. On July 23, Brock Grills, Green candidate for Peterborough—Kawartha, stepped down for "personal reasons". Grills was accused of fraud by a former employer but he and the EDA president stated that accusation was not the reason behind his stepping down. Grills, who repeated his reasoning, also mentioned the Green Party central office "pushed" for his resignation because he was reaching out to other parties to ask them to adopt policies to curb climate change. On August 16, Luc Saint-Hilaire, Green candidate for
Lévis—Lotbinière Lévis—Lotbinière (formerly Lotbinière—Chutes-de-la-Chaudière) is a federal electoral district in the province of Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. It was created in 2003 from part ...
, was forced to resign because of a Facebook post demanding Boufeldja Benabdallah, co-founder of the Centre Culturel Islamique de Québec, to denounce a man who allegedly lit his ex-wife on fire. On September 12, Erik Schomann, Green candidate for
Simcoe North Simcoe North (french: Simcoe-Nord) is a federal electoral district in central Ontario, Canada. It was established as a federal riding in 1867. Demographics :''According to the Canada 2011 Census''; 2013 representation'' Ethnic groups: 87.8% ...
, resigned over a 2007 Facebook post which appeared to suggest he wanted to mail pieces of a pig carcass to Muslims in support of the protesters during the Muhammed comic controversy. On October 7, Marthe Lépine, candidate in
Glengarry—Prescott—Russell Glengarry—Prescott—Russell (formerly known as Glengarry—Prescott) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1953. Geography The district includes the United Coun ...
, was dropped over anti-abortion comments; however, as the party missed the deadline to remove her from the ballot, she remained despite being disavowed. On September 9, the Green Party issued a statement insisting that there is "zero chance" of reopening the abortion debate; few hours after May stated the Green Party will not ban members from trying to reopen abortion debate in an interview. May later added that MPs risk being ousted if they move to reopen the debate. From September 10 to 16, attention was focused on
Pierre Nantel Pierre Nantel (born June 10, 1963) is a Canadian politician and a former member of the House of Commons of Canada. First elected in the 2011 federal election as a member of the New Democratic Party (NDP), he succeeded Jean Dorion of the Bloc ...
, the candidate for Longueuil—Saint-Hubert. He created this attention over his comments about Québec separatism on a Quebec radio station. May disputed that Nantel was a
Quebec sovereigntist The Quebec sovereignty movement (french: Mouvement souverainiste du Québec) is a political movement whose objective is to achieve the sovereignty of Quebec, a province of Canada since 1867, including in all matters related to any provision ...
, but Nantel contradicted her afterwards. However, May stated he could be still be a candidate. Some journalists and columnists were confused by her reasoning for keeping him as a candidate. Furthermore, May was asked by the son of the late Jack Layton to not use the latter for political points when defending Nantel. On September 10, Mark Vercouteren, the candidate for Chatham-Kent-Leamington, and Macarena Diab, the candidate for
Louis-Hébert Louis-Hébert could refer to: *Louis-Hébert (provincial electoral district) Louis-Hébert is a provincial electoral district in the Capitale-Nationale region of Quebec, Canada. It consists of part of the Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge boroug ...
were revealed to have made "anti-abortion statements". A spokesperson defended both of them but a few days later, it was revealed by May that Vercoutern was being "re-vetted" over the party not noticing Vercouteren's questionnaires. A week after the original comments were revealed, Vercouteren stated his view aligned with the party. On September 12, Dale Dewar, Green candidate for
Regina—Qu'Appelle Regina–Qu'Appelle (formerly Qu'Appelle) is a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 1968 and since 1988. Geography The district includes the northeastern qu ...
, apologized for making past negative comments on social media about Israel,
Zionism Zionism ( he, צִיּוֹנוּת ''Tsiyyonut'' after '' Zion'') is a nationalist movement that espouses the establishment of, and support for a homeland for the Jewish people centered in the area roughly corresponding to what is known in Je ...
and
Israelis Israelis ( he, יִשְׂרָאֵלִים‎, translit=Yīśrāʾēlīm; ar, الإسرائيليين, translit=al-ʾIsrāʾīliyyin) are the citizens and nationals of the State of Israel. The country's populace is composed primarily of Je ...
. On October 15, the Green Party found anti-Islam social-media posts by four of its Quebec candidates. Starting on September 23, the GPC drew scrutiny around the world for manipulating a picture of Elizabeth May to make it seem as if she was using a reusable cup and metal straw instead of a disposable cup. When she was on ''Tout le monde en parle'', May clarified that the original photo featured a compostable cup; the picture was modified to add the GPC's logo. She did admit that it was ridiculous that a staffer modified the picture. Leading up to and during the campaign, May talked about what she would do in a minority. On September 3, she announced that she would not be prepared to prop up any minority government of the major parties given current climate plans. Later, on September 26, May announced that the GPC would not prop up a minority government that moves forward with the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion. In the final week of the campaign, the idea of a coalition took hold. May said that in countries with
proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divis ...
, parties can plan to govern together before the election, but that in Canada such talk is "meaningless" due to the
first-past-the-post In a first-past-the-post electoral system (FPTP or FPP), formally called single-member plurality voting (SMP) when used in single-member districts or informally choose-one voting in contrast to ranked voting, or score voting, voters cast the ...
system.


People's Party

In February 2019, LaPresse discovered that Martin Masse, the PPC's spokesperson, had written controversial blog posts in the past. ''The Star'' discovered that four members of the PPC had used racist and anti-immigrant rhetoric. They were removed from the party as a result. Bernier himself has been accused multiple times of using dog-whistle politics. Bernier responded to this by saying racists are not welcome in his party and acknowledging that Canada is a diverse country. Later, Maxime Bernier generated a reaction after a photograph of him with members of an anti-immigration group surfaced online. Bernier told the media that everyone is welcome at his events, that he is unaware of their views, that he would condemn them if the media could show that they were racists and that racists were not welcome in his party, but experts were skeptical of Bernier and thought that he was well aware of who was attending. A few weeks later, he was also reprimanded for being photographed with Paul Fromm. A spokesperson stated that Bernier had no idea who Fromm was, but once again experts were skeptical of the explanation. On September 23, news sites revealed that one of the PPC's founding members was a White nationalist and two others had ties to
Anti-immigration Opposition to immigration, also known as anti-immigration, has become a significant political ideology in many countries. In the modern sense, immigration refers to the entry of people from one state or territory into another state or territory ...
groups. One of those founding members—a former American neo-Nazi leader—was volunteering for the party. He was also a member of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party. He was removed from the party on August 29, after his past came to light. The PPC's spokesperson said that it did not come up during the vetting process since he came from the US. They later cited to
Global News Global News is the news and current affairs division of the Canadian Global Television Network. The network is owned by Corus Entertainment, which oversees all of the network's national news programming as well as local news on its 21 owned-an ...
that his removal was an example of the Party taking a stand against racism. The party told '' Le Devoir'' that they did not have enough resources to vet them at the beginning of the PPC 's formation and the two other members denied having racist views. On July 30, Cody Payant, People's candidate for
Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek (french: Sentier Carlton—Eagle Creek) is a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan. It encompasses a portion of Saskatchewan formerly included in the electoral districts of Saskatoon—Humboldt, Saskatoon—Rose ...
, attracted attention for a social media post defending
Lindsay Shepherd Lindsay Shepherd (born 7 December 1994) is a Canadian columnist who became known for her involvement, as a graduate student and teaching assistant, in an academic freedom controversy at Wilfrid Laurier University (WLU) in Waterloo, Ontario, in ...
. Payant argue that it was taken out of context. Bernier defended Payant after he spoke to Payant and was satisfied with his explanation. On September 2, Maxime Bernier called
Greta Thunberg Greta Tintin Eleonora Ernman Thunberg (; born 3 January 2003) is a Swedish environmental activist who is known for challenging world leaders to take immediate action for climate change mitigation. Thunberg's activism began when she persuaded ...
"mentally unstable" on Twitter. A few days later, he backtracked his comments stating his intention was to criticize her role as "a spokesperson for climate alarmism" and did not mean to denigrate her. After the campaign, Bernier classified these comments as his only election regret and as a mistake. On September 18, Steven Fletcher, People's candidate for Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley, denied allegations for illegally using campaign signs and voter data from the Conservative Party. Fletcher also suggested that the move was political motivated from the Conservative and took issues to the fact that the letter was leaked online. On September 19, 2019, Nancy Mercier, People's candidate for Beauséjour, raised concern from local organizations over comments about Islamism and
immigration Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents or naturalized citizens. Commuters, tourists, ...
Mercier indicated her concerns are with Islamic terrorism and not members of any race. On October 10, Sybil Hogg, the candidate for Sackville-Preston-Chezzetcook, came under fire for a series of anti-Islam tweets calling Islam "pure evil" and for the religion to be banned in Canada. The PPC's executive director reached out to her to understand the context and Hogg explained that she failed to draw the distinction between "Islam" and "Islamism" or "radical Islam". She added that her concern was radical Islam and not Islam. Due to the response, the PPC said they would not take action against her. Later, Bernier called the tweets "absolutely racist and Islamophobic" and confirmed that she will not face consequences. Several candidates were dropped or stepped down before the election. On September 6, Ken Pereira, People's candidate for
Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier (formerly known as Portneuf) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1867. Its population in 2001 was 87,141. Demographics Ethnic groups: 9 ...
, stepped down because of a "terrible family tragedy". When announced as the candidate, Pereira had attracted attention for his online "anti-vaccine" and "pro-conspiracy theory" posts and was defended by the party. On September 12, Brian Misera, People's candidate for Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam, claimed that he was removed for asking Bernier to denounce racism more clearly in an online video posted on Misera's Twitter account. However, the PPC stated that Misera was removed after he allegedly admitted to the party that he was his own financial agent, a violation of Elections Canada rules. Yet a statement of Misera's disqualification obtained by City News made no reference to the PPC's claim or Misera's claim. On September 30, Chad Hudson, People's Party candidate for the Nova Scotia riding of West Nova, tweeted that he would no longer be running for the party, less than two hours before Elections Canada's deadline for candidates to officially register to be on the ballot. He criticized the party and its leadership for being "divisive", as well as "bad for democracy" and contributors to the "toxic state of politics". Hudson, later admitted that he did not notify the party of his decision. On October 8, Victor Ong the People's Party of Canada candidate in Winnipeg North resigned after deciding the party is "racist and intolerant".


Third-party organizations

On August 19, environmental groups were warned by Elections Canada that any third party that promotes information about climate change during the election period with paid advertising could be engaging in partisan activity. Registered charities with a charitable tax status would be required to register as a third party for the election if they engaged in any partisan activity incurring $500, which would include advertising and surveys, or risk their charitable tax status. These regulations were a result of People's Party of Canada leader Maxime Bernier expressing doubts about the legitimacy of climate change, because a third party that advertises the dangers of climate change during the election period may be considered to be indirectly advocating against the People's Party. After confusion about the warning, Elections Canada released a public statement to clarify that the prohibition applied only to advertising, not speech in general the following day. On August 25, billboards purchased by a True North Strong & Free Advertising Corp., a third party promoting the People's Party of Canada's immigration policy, with the text "Say NO to Mass Immigration" appeared in Vancouver, Calgary, Regina, and Halifax. True North Strong & Free Advertising Corp is run by Frank Smeenk, the chief executive of a Toronto-based mining exploration company. The Peoples Party of Canada told the media that it had no contact with the group. Initially,
Pattison Outdoor Advertising Pattison Outdoor Advertising is a Canadian out-of-home advertising company owned by the Jim Pattison Group. According to the Canadian Out-of-Home Measurement Bureau, it was Canada's largest out-of-home advertising company in 2013, holding more tha ...
defended the billboards, arguing that they complied with the Advertising Standards Canada Code but later decided to pull them and said that they would review their protocols on advocacy advertising. The Pattison president later revealed that the billboards would have stayed up had True North Strong & Free identified themselves on the billboards and how the public could get in touch with them. On October 3, the CBC revealed that the
Manning Centre Ernest Preston Manning (born June 10, 1942) is a Canadian retired politician. He was the founder and the only leader of the Reform Party of Canada, a Canadian federal political party that evolved into the Canadian Alliance in 2000 which in tur ...
is a driving financial force behind a network of anti-Liberal Facebook pages pumping out political messaging and memes during the federal election campaign. Facebook pulled one of their ads due to the excess violence. The Manning Centre's donations to those groups, worth more than $300,000, are hidden, since the think tank, which did not register as a third party, does not intend to disclose them. Elections Canada says there is nothing in the law to prevent outside groups from raising money and then passing those donations along to third-party advertisers. As a result of this lack of disclosure, Democracy Watch filed a complaint to Canada's Chief Electoral Officer. It argued that the Manning Centre should have registered as a third party. Furthermore, due to this controversy,
Jean-Pierre Kingsley Jean-Pierre Kingsley (born July 12, 1943) is a Canadian civil servant and businessman who served as the president and CEO of the International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES). He was the chief electoral officer of Elections Canada befo ...
, the former chief electoral officer, said that the next federal government must close the gap in the law that allowed the Manning Centre to raise money and then pass it along to third-party groups without disclosing the source of those donations.


Platforms


Fact-checking

During the Maclean's debate, Scheer said that refugees were "jumping the queue". Journalists called this a false statement and one expert explained that "there is no queue". On September 17, 2019, Brock Harrison, Scheer's director of communication, and the CPC tweeted that the RCMP had confirmed Trudeau was under investigation for SNC-Lavalin. Scheer himself also repeated the allegation. Both tweets were removed after journalists deemed it to be false. A claim was circulating online that
Bill Morneau William Francis Morneau Jr. (born October 7, 1962) is a Canadian businessman and former Liberal Party politician who served as minister of finance and member of Parliament (MP) for Toronto Centre from 2015 to 2020. Morneau was executive chai ...
was related to RCMP Commissioner
Brenda Lucki Brenda Lucki is a Canadian police officer who was appointed the 24th commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police on April 16, 2018. She is the first female to permanently hold the position. By virtue of her role, Lucki is the ''ex-offici ...
through her husband, which is what was stopping the RCMP investigation regarding SNC-Lavalin. The claim is false; Lucki's husband is not related to Morneau. Furthermore, there has been no confirmation that there is an RCMP investigation. Rumours were circulating online that there was a scandal that resulted in Justin Trudeau's departure from West Point Grey Academy. This was false. The rumour was propagated by fake news sites, gossip magazines, Warren Kinsella and Ezra Levant. Then, on October 7, 2019, the Conservatives issued a press release referencing the rumour and asking "why did Justin Trudeau leave West Point Grey Academy?". The ''Toronto Star'' and ''The Globe and Mail'' devoted multiple reporters to the story and found nothing to corroborate it. The former headmaster also released a statement that said "there is no truth to any speculation that rudeauwas dismissed". During the campaign, the NDP claimed Bill Morneau had used tax-havens when he was the executive chair of
Morneau Shepell LifeWorks, formerly known as Morneau Shepell, is a human resources services and technology company headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1966, Morneau Shepell serves approximately 24,000 clients in North America. Besides Nor ...
, which was proven false. A probe by ''Canadians for Tax Fairness'' found that Morneau Shepell's subsidiary in the Bahamas was a legitimate business and not a way to avoid taxes. The NDP retracted the statement a few weeks after the campaign had ended.


Leaders' debates


Opinion polls


Results

With 157, the Liberals won a plurality of seats in the House of Commons, allowing them to form a government albeit short of the
majority government A majority government is a government by one or more governing parties that hold an absolute majority of seats in a legislature. This is as opposed to a minority government, where the largest party in a legislature only has a plurality of seats ...
that they had won in 2015. The Liberals, under incumbent
Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...
Justin Trudeau Justin Pierre James Trudeau ( , ; born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician who is the 23rd and current prime minister of Canada. He has served as the prime minister of Canada since 2015 and as the leader of the Liberal Party since ...
won the highest number of seats, at 157, allowing them to form a minority government. The Conservatives under Andrew Scheer remained the Official Opposition and, with 121 seats, formed the largest opposition caucus in Canadian history. The Bloc Québécois won 32 seats under Yves-François Blanchet, the party's best result since
2008 File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
, and regained official party status after losing it in
2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrates ...
, while the New Democratic Party under Jagmeet Singh was reduced to 24 seats, its worst results since
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight ...
. The Greens saw its best result in the party's history, winning 3 seats, while
independent Independent or Independents may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups * Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s * Independe ...
MP Jody Wilson-Raybould was re-elected in the riding of
Vancouver Granville Vancouver Granville is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015. The district includes all or significant portions of the Kerrisdale, Marpole, Oakridge, S ...
and became the first independent to win a seat since
2008 File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
. The newly created People's Party, meanwhile, lost its only seat, with party leader Maxime Bernier losing re-election in the riding of Beauce. Aside from Bernier, every major party leader was able to secure election to the House of Commons. Marking the first time in Canadian history that no single party received more than 35% of the popular vote, the Conservatives won 34.41% of the popular vote, a plurality of the vote despite finishing 36 seats behind the Liberals, who won 33.07% of the vote. The NDP placed third in the popular vote at 15.98%, the party's worst performance since
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight ...
, while the Bloc Québécois came in fourth with 7.69% of the popular vote, its best performance since
2008 File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
; as the Bloc Québécois vote is concentrated entirely in Quebec, however, the party placed ahead of the NDP in terms of seats despite winning less than half of the party's vote. The Greens placed fifth with 6.55% of the popular vote, while the People's Party received 1.64% in its inaugural election. Liberal strength was predominantly concentrated in
Eastern Canada Eastern Canada (also the Eastern provinces or the East) is generally considered to be the region of Canada south of the Hudson Bay/ Strait and east of Manitoba, consisting of the following provinces (from east to west): Newfoundland and Labra ...
and
British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, for ...
. In
Ontario Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...
, the Liberals won 79 of the province's 121 seats, with a particularly strong showing in the Golden Horseshoe, where the party was not only able to fend off expected challenges from the Conservatives and the NDP but gain the Conservative-held ridings of Kitchener—Conestoga and Milton. In
Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirte ...
, the party won 35 of the province's 78 seats, with gains from the NDP (specifically the ridings of Hochelaga,
Laurier—Sainte-Marie Laurier—Sainte-Marie is a federal electoral district in Downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988. Its population in 2016 was 111,835. Geography The district includes Côte ...
, Outremont, and
Sherbrooke Sherbrooke ( ; ) is a city in southern Quebec, Canada. It is at the confluence of the Saint-François and Magog rivers in the heart of the Estrie administrative region. Sherbrooke is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional cou ...
) offsetting losses to the Bloc Québécois, and with the party doing particularly well on the Island of Montreal where they got their best result since
1980 Events January * January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission. * January 6 – Global Positioning System time epoch begins at 00:00 UTC. * January 9 – In ...
. In
Atlantic Canada Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces (french: provinces de l'Atlantique), is the region of Eastern Canada comprising the provinces located on the Atlantic coast, excluding Quebec. The four provinces are New Brunswick, Newfoundla ...
, the Liberals won 26 out of the region's 32 seats, sweeping
Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island (PEI; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is the smallest province in terms of land area and population, but the most densely populated. The island has several nicknames: "Garden of the Gulf", ...
and winning all but a single seat in both
Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador (; french: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador; frequently abbreviated as NL) is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region ...
and
Nova Scotia Nova Scotia ( ; ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for "New Scotland". Most of the population are native Eng ...
. In
Western Canada Western Canada, also referred to as the Western provinces, Canadian West or the Western provinces of Canada, and commonly known within Canada as the West, is a Canadian region that includes the four western provinces just north of the Canada� ...
, the party won only 15 of the region's 104 seats, winning 11 seats in
British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, for ...
and 4 in
Manitoba Manitoba ( ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada at the Centre of Canada, longitudinal centre of the country. It is Canada's Population of Canada by province and territory, fifth-most populous province, with a population o ...
and being shut out of
Alberta Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest T ...
and
Saskatchewan Saskatchewan ( ; ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Western Canada, western Canada, bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and on t ...
for the first time since
2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrates ...
and 1988, respectively. The best Liberal showing in Canada's west was in British Columbia, where they won 11 out of 42 seats. The Liberals also won two of the three territories,
Yukon Yukon (; ; formerly called Yukon Territory and also referred to as the Yukon) is the smallest and westernmost of Canada's three territories. It also is the second-least populated province or territory in Canada, with a population of 43,964 as ...
and the
Northwest Territories The Northwest Territories (abbreviated ''NT'' or ''NWT''; french: Territoires du Nord-Ouest, formerly ''North-Western Territory'' and ''North-West Territories'' and namely shortened as ''Northwest Territory'') is a federal territory of Canada. ...
.} Conservative strength was predominantly concentrated in
Western Canada Western Canada, also referred to as the Western provinces, Canadian West or the Western provinces of Canada, and commonly known within Canada as the West, is a Canadian region that includes the four western provinces just north of the Canada� ...
, particularly in
Alberta Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest T ...
and
Saskatchewan Saskatchewan ( ; ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Western Canada, western Canada, bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and on t ...
, where the party won all but one of the 48 seats between the two provinces. In
British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, for ...
the Conservatives won 17 of the province's 42 seats, while in
Manitoba Manitoba ( ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada at the Centre of Canada, longitudinal centre of the country. It is Canada's Population of Canada by province and territory, fifth-most populous province, with a population o ...
the party won half the province's 14 seats, with the remainder split between the Liberals and NDP. The Conservatives increased their vote share in every district in three of those provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba). However, it only resulted in a net gain of 10 seats. In
Ontario Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...
the party won 36 out of the province's 121 seats, an increase of three seats compared to
2015 File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the April ...
, with losses to the Liberals in the Golden Horseshoe being offset by gains from the Liberals and NDP elsewhere in the province, though Ontario was nevertheless only one of two provinces where the Conservatives saw their share of the popular vote decrease compared to 2015. In
Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirte ...
, the second province where the Conservatives won a lower share of the popular vote than they did in 2015, the party won 10 of the province's 78 seats. In
Atlantic Canada Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces (french: provinces de l'Atlantique), is the region of Eastern Canada comprising the provinces located on the Atlantic coast, excluding Quebec. The four provinces are New Brunswick, Newfoundla ...
, the party was able to win 4 of the region's 32 seats after having been shut out entirely in 2015, winning 3 in
New Brunswick New Brunswick (french: Nouveau-Brunswick, , locally ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. It is the only province with both English and ...
and a single seat in
Nova Scotia Nova Scotia ( ; ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for "New Scotland". Most of the population are native Eng ...
, though the party remained shut out of
Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador (; french: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador; frequently abbreviated as NL) is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region ...
and
Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island (PEI; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is the smallest province in terms of land area and population, but the most densely populated. The island has several nicknames: "Garden of the Gulf", ...
. Only running in Quebec, the Bloc Québécois won 32 of the province's 78 seats, with the party doing particularly well in the Greater Montreal Area. Gaining seats from the Conservatives, Liberals, and in particular the NDP, compared to 2015 the party saw its share of the vote increase in all but one of the province's 78 seats, the one exception being the
Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple- ...
riding of
Laurier—Sainte-Marie Laurier—Sainte-Marie is a federal electoral district in Downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988. Its population in 2016 was 111,835. Geography The district includes Côte ...
, where the party ran a candidate other than former party leader
Gilles Duceppe Gilles Duceppe (; born July 22, 1947) is a Canadian retired politician, proponent of the Quebec sovereignty movement and former leader of the Bloc Québécois. He was a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada for over 20 years and ...
for the first time in its history. With 11 seats in
British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, for ...
and 6 seats in
Ontario Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...
, the two provinces accounted for a majority of the NDP's 24 seats, though in both provinces the party lost ground compared to 2015: in British Columbia, the party lost the ridings of Kootenay—Columbia and Port Moody—Coquitlam to the Conservatives and
Nanaimo—Ladysmith Nanaimo—Ladysmith is a federal electoral district in British Columbia. Nanaimo—Ladysmith was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It has come into effect ...
to the Greens, while in Ontario the party lost
Essex Essex () is a Ceremonial counties of England, county in the East of England. One of the home counties, it borders Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north, the North Sea to the east, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent across the estuary of the Riv ...
and Windsor—Tecumseh to the Conservatives and Liberals, respectively. In
Manitoba Manitoba ( ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada at the Centre of Canada, longitudinal centre of the country. It is Canada's Population of Canada by province and territory, fifth-most populous province, with a population o ...
, the party won 3 of the province's 14 seats, picking up a single seat from the Liberals, while in each of
Alberta Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest T ...
,
Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirte ...
,
Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador (; french: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador; frequently abbreviated as NL) is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region ...
, and
Nunavut Nunavut ( , ; iu, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ , ; ) is the largest and northernmost territory of Canada. It was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the '' Nunavut Act'' and the '' Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act'' ...
the party won a single seat, gaining the latter riding for the first time since
1980 Events January * January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission. * January 6 – Global Positioning System time epoch begins at 00:00 UTC. * January 9 – In ...
. In Alberta,
Heather McPherson Heather Avis McPherson (28 May 1942 – 10 January 2017) was a feminist poet, publisher and editor who played a key role in supporting women artists and writers in New Zealand. In 1976, she founded the Spiral Collective group and ''Spiral,'' ...
managed to hold the riding of Edmonton Strathcona following
Linda Duncan Linda Francis Duncan (born June 25, 1949) is a Canadian lawyer and politician, and former Member of Parliament for the riding of Edmonton—Strathcona in Alberta. A New Democrat, Duncan was the only non-Conservative MP from Alberta from the 2 ...
's retirement, becoming the only non-Conservative MP in the province, while in Newfoundland and Labrador,
Jack Harris Jack Harris may refer to: Entertainment * Jack Harris (film editor) (1905–1971), English film editor * Jack H. Harris (1918–2017), American film producer * Jack Harris (broadcaster) (born 1941), American radio personality based in Tampa, Flor ...
returned to parliament after having been defeated in 2015, becoming the party's only MP in Atlantic Canada. In Quebec, only eight years after the Orange Wave saw the party win 59 of the province's then-75 seats, the NDP won just one of the province's 78 seats—the seat of Deputy Leader Alexandre Boulerice—as a result of losses to both the Bloc Québécois and the Liberals, with prominent MPs Ruth Ellen Brosseau, Guy Caron, and
Matthew Dubé Matthew Dubé (born May 3, 1988) is a Canadian politician who was elected to the House of Commons in the 2011 federal election to represent the electoral district of Chambly—Borduas in Quebec as a member of the New Democratic Party. He was ...
losing re-election and the party suffering its worst performance since
2008 File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
. In addition to party leader Elizabeth May being re-elected, the Greens held the
Vancouver Island Vancouver Island is an island in the northeastern Pacific Ocean and part of the Canadian province of British Columbia. The island is in length, in width at its widest point, and in total area, while are of land. The island is the largest by ...
riding of
Nanaimo—Ladysmith Nanaimo—Ladysmith is a federal electoral district in British Columbia. Nanaimo—Ladysmith was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It has come into effect ...
, previously won from the NDP in a by-election earlier in the year, and gained the
New Brunswick New Brunswick (french: Nouveau-Brunswick, , locally ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. It is the only province with both English and ...
riding of
Fredericton Fredericton (; ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The city is situated in the west-central portion of the province along the Saint John River, which flows west to east as it bisects the city. The river is the do ...
from the Liberals, marking the first time the party has won a seat outside of
British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, for ...
. With three seats total, the election marked the best performance in the party's history, with May declaring on election night that the party's results marked "the best election result that any Green Party in any first past-the-post system has ever had." , - style="text-align:center;background-color:#e9e9e9" ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" , Party ! rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" , Party leader ! rowspan="2" , Candidates ! colspan="5" , Seats ! colspan="5" , Popular vote , - style="text-align:center;background-color:#e9e9e9" ,
2015 File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the April ...
, style="font-size:80%" , Dissol. , 2019 , style="font-size:80%" , % change
from dissolution , style="font-size:80%" , % seats , style="font-size:80%" , Votes , style="font-size:80%" , Vote
change , style="font-size:80%" , % , style="font-size:80%" , pp change , style="font-size:80%" , % where
running , - , style="text-align:left;" ,
Justin Trudeau Justin Pierre James Trudeau ( , ; born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician who is the 23rd and current prime minister of Canada. He has served as the prime minister of Canada since 2015 and as the leader of the Liberal Party since ...
, style="text-align:right;" , 338 , style="text-align:right;" , 184 , style="text-align:right;" , 177 , style="text-align:right;" , 157 , style="text-align:right;" , −11.30% , style="text-align:right;" , 46.45% , style="text-align:right;" , 6,018,728 , style="text-align:right;" , −924,209 , style="text-align:right;" , 33.12% , style="text-align:right;" , −6.34pp , style="text-align:right;" , 33.12% , style="text-align:left;" , Andrew Scheer , style="text-align:right;" , 338Includes Heather Leung, who was ejected from the Conservative Party after candidate registration was closed. , style="text-align:right;" , 99 , style="text-align:right;" , 95 , style="text-align:right;" , 121 , style="text-align:right;" , +27.37% , style="text-align:right;" , 35.80% , style="text-align:right;" , 6,239,227 , style="text-align:right;" , +625,594 , style="text-align:right;" , 34.34% , style="text-align:right;" , +2.43pp , style="text-align:right;" , 34.34% , style="text-align:left;" , Yves-François Blanchet , style="text-align:right;" , 78 , style="text-align:right;" , 10 , style="text-align:right;" , 10 , style="text-align:right;" , 32 , style="text-align:right;" , +220.00% , style="text-align:right;" , 9.47% , style="text-align:right;" , 1,387,030 , style="text-align:right;" , +565,886 , style="text-align:right;" , 7.63% , style="text-align:right;" , +2.97pp , style="text-align:right;" , 32.37% , style="text-align:left;" , Jagmeet Singh , style="text-align:right;" , 338 , style="text-align:right;" , 44 , style="text-align:right;" , 39 , style="text-align:right;" , 24 , style="text-align:right;" , −38.46% , style="text-align:right;" , 7.10% , style="text-align:right;" , 2,903,722 , style="text-align:right;" , −565,646 , style="text-align:right;" , 15.98% , style="text-align:right;" , −3.74pp , style="text-align:right;" , 15.98% , style="text-align:left;" , Elizabeth May , style="text-align:right;" , 338Includes Marthe Lépine, who was ejected by the party, and Michael Kalmanovitch, who publicly withdrew and threw his support to the local NDP candidate, both after candidate registration was closed. , style="text-align:right;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;" , 2 , style="text-align:right;" , 3 , style="text-align:right;" , +50.00% , style="text-align:right;" , 0.89% , style="text-align:right;" , 1,189,607 , style="text-align:right;" , +586,674 , style="text-align:right;" , 6.55% , style="text-align:right;" , +3.12pp , style="text-align:right;" , 6.55% , style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" ,
Independent Independent or Independents may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups * Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s * Independe ...
and No Affiliation , style="text-align:right;" , 125 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 8Includes
Pierre Nantel Pierre Nantel (born June 10, 1963) is a Canadian politician and a former member of the House of Commons of Canada. First elected in the 2011 federal election as a member of the New Democratic Party (NDP), he succeeded Jean Dorion of the Bloc ...
, who ran as a candidate for the Green Party in the 2019 election.
, style="text-align:right;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;" , −87.50% , style="text-align:right;" , 0.30% , style="text-align:right;" , 74,291 , style="text-align:right;" , +24,675 , style="text-align:right;" , 0.41% , style="text-align:right;" , +0.13pp , style="text-align:right;" , 1.51% , style="text-align:left;" , Maxime Bernier , style="text-align:right;" , 315 , style="text-align:right;" , style="text-align:right;" , 1 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , −100.00% , style="text-align:right;" , 0.00% , style="text-align:right;" , 294,092 , style="text-align:right;" , * , style="text-align:right;" , 1.62% , style="text-align:right;" , * , style="text-align:right;" , 1.70% , style="text-align:left;" , Rod Taylor , style="text-align:right;" , 51 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 18,901 , style="text-align:right;" , +3,669 , style="text-align:right;" , 0.10% , style="text-align:right;" , +0.02pp , style="text-align:right;" , 0.70% , style="text-align:left;" , Sébastien CoRhino , style="text-align:right;" , 39 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 9,538 , style="text-align:right;" , +2,275 , style="text-align:right;" , 0.05% , style="text-align:right;" , +0.01pp , style="text-align:right;" , 0.45% , style="text-align:left;" ,
Tim Moen Tim Moen () is a Canadian libertarian podcaster, blogger, activist and politician. He was the leader of the Libertarian Party of Canada from May 2014 to August 2021. Outside of politics, he is a firefighter, paramedic, business owner and filmmak ...
, style="text-align:right;" , 24 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 8,367 , style="text-align:right;" , −28,408 , style="text-align:right;" , 0.05% , style="text-align:right;" , −0.16pp , style="text-align:right;" , 0.60% , style="text-align:left;" , Randy David Joy , style="text-align:right;" , 25 , style="text-align:right;" , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 6,300 , style="text-align:right;" , * , style="text-align:right;" , 0.03% , style="text-align:right;" , * , style="text-align:right;" , 0.45% , style="text-align:left;" , Liz White , style="text-align:right;" , 17 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 4,408 , style="text-align:right;" , +2,709 , style="text-align:right;" , 0.02% , style="text-align:right;" , +0.01pp , style="text-align:right;" , 0.44% , style="text-align:left;" , Anna Di Carlo , style="text-align:right;" , 50 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 4,124 , style="text-align:right;" , −4,714 , style="text-align:right;" , 0.02% , style="text-align:right;" , −0.03pp , style="text-align:right;" , 0.15% , style="text-align:left;" ,
Elizabeth Rowley Elizabeth Rowley (born c. 1949) is the current leader of the Communist Party of Canada. A long-time politician, writer, and political activist, Rowley served as a school trustee in the former Toronto borough of East York. Before becoming leader ...
, style="text-align:right;" , 30 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 3,905 , style="text-align:right;" , −488 , style="text-align:right;" , 0.02% , style="text-align:right;" , – , style="text-align:right;" , 0.22% , style="text-align:left;" , Michel Blondin , style="text-align:right;" , 13 , style="text-align:right;" , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 3,815 , style="text-align:right;" , * , style="text-align:right;" , 0.02% , style="text-align:right;" , * , style="text-align:right;" , 0.49% , style="text-align:left;" ,
Joe Hueglin Joseph Fred Hueglin (February 7, 1937 – July 5, 2022) was a Canadian politician who was a Member of Parliament and a founder of the Progressive Canadian Party. Born in Stratford, Ontario, Hueglin was elected to Parliament in 1972 in th ...
, style="text-align:right;" , 3 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 1,534 , style="text-align:right;" , −2,942 , style="text-align:right;" , 0.01% , style="text-align:right;" , −0.02pp , style="text-align:right;" , 0.83% , style="text-align:left;" ,
Blair Longley Blair Timmothy Longley (born September 25, 1950) is a Canadian politician and activist. Early life Blair Longley was born on September 25, 1950, in Vancouver, British Columbia and grew up in North Vancouver. Career Longley attended the foun ...
, style="text-align:right;" , 4 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 920 , style="text-align:right;" , −637 , style="text-align:right;" , 0.01% , style="text-align:right;" , −0.01pp , style="text-align:right;" , 0.45% , style="text-align:left;" , Partap Dua , style="text-align:right;" , 7 , style="text-align:right;" , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 682 , style="text-align:right;" , * , style="text-align:right;" , 0.00% , style="text-align:right;" , * , style="text-align:right;" , 0.20% , style="text-align:left;" , Carlton Darby , style="text-align:right;" , 4 , style="text-align:right;" , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 602 , style="text-align:right;" , * , style="text-align:right;" , 0.00% , style="text-align:right;" , * , style="text-align:right;" , 0.32% , style="text-align:left;" , Stephen J. Garvey , style="text-align:right;" , 4 , style="text-align:right;" , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 510 , style="text-align:right;" , * , style="text-align:right;" , 0.00% , style="text-align:right;" , * , style="text-align:right;" , 0.27% , style="text-align:left;" , Ken Ranney , style="text-align:right;" , 2 , style="text-align:right;" , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 296 , style="text-align:right;" , * , style="text-align:right;" , 0.00% , style="text-align:right;" , * , style="text-align:right;" , 0.23% , style="text-align:left;" , Travis Patron , style="text-align:right;" , 3 , style="text-align:right;" , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , 0 , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , , style="text-align:right;" , 281 , style="text-align:right;" , * , style="text-align:right;" , 0.00% , style="text-align:right;" , * , style="text-align:right;" , 0.20% , colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" , Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Erin Weir used this as his parliamentary affiliation after being ejected from the NDP; the CCF ceased to exist as a party when the NDP was formed in 1961. , 1 , colspan="8" , - , colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" , Vacant , 5 , colspan="8" , - , colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" , Total valid votes , — , — , — , — , — , — , 18,170,880 , +579,412 , 100.00% , — , — , - ! colspan="15", , - , colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" , Blank and invalid votes , — , — , — , — , — , — , 179,479 , +58,964 , 0.98% , +0.30pp , — , - , colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" , Total , 2,146 , 338 , 338 , 338 , — , 100.00% , style="text-align:center;" , 18,350,359 , style="text-align:center;" , +580,480 , style="text-align:center;" , 100.00% , style="text-align:center;" , — , style="text-align:center;" , 100.00% , - , colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" , Registered voters/turnout , — , — , — , — , — , — , 27,373,058 , +1,433,316 , 67.03% , −1.25pp , — , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="15" , Source: Elections Canada (Official Voting Results)


Results by province


Analysis

Vote-splitting benefited the Conservatives in Ontario and Metro Vancouver, the Liberals in Quebec and the Maritimes, and the NDP in British Columbia and outside the GTA in Ontario. It also helped the Bloc in some Quebec ridings. Furthermore, analysis by different news outlets showed that the PPC cost the Tories six to seven seats. However, a Tory strategist said that it is not guaranteed that PPC voters would have voted for the Conservatives. The PPC's spokesperson echoed similar sentiments. Strategic voting was prominent across the country. However, it was not the primary factor for most. According to a poll conducted after the election, of respondents who ultimately voted Liberal, 46 per cent said they had considered voting for the NDP at some point during the campaign. Another 29 per cent considered voting Green. Additionally, 15 per cent of Conservative voters considered voting for the People's Party. Ninety-eight women were elected to federal seats in this election. This also set a new record, both by number and by percentage, but still fell short of equality advocates' goal of 30% women. The highest percentage of elected women was in the Green party, with two female MPs out of three elected Green Party members.


Election aftermath

Following the election, Trudeau ruled out a coalition and announced that his new cabinet would be sworn in on November 20, 2019. On November 4, 2019, Elizabeth May announced that she would be stepping down as leader of the Green Party. On December 12, 2019, Andrew Scheer announced that he was resigning as leader of the Conservative Party.


Recounts

Defeated parties sought recounts in three ridings where the races were won by a few hundred votes. The Bloc Québécois made its request in the Quebec Superior Court for the ridings of Hochelaga and
Québec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirte ...
and the NDP sought a recount for the riding of Port Moody—Coquitlam. Federal judges accepted the requests and ruled that recounts should happen for those ridings. All three recount requests were withdrawn during the recounting process, thus the victors stayed the same.


Electoral reform

The nature of the elections' results reignited calls for electoral reform. Some commentators argued against the current first-past-the-post system, while others defended it. Dominic O'Sullivan, Associate Professor of Political Science at Charles Sturt University, argued that Canada should follow in New Zealand's footsteps with their electoral reform. News outlets also published articles showing what the election results could have looked like if Trudeau had kept his promise on electoral reform. After the election, Elizabeth May sent Prime Minister Justin Trudeau a letter recommending STV as a compromise for electoral reform since it meets some of the concerns Trudeau expressed in the past. A poll published by the Angus Reid Institute showed that support for electoral reform and
proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divis ...
in particular skyrocketed following the election.


Western Canadian separatism

After Justin Trudeau's re-election on October 21, 2019, # Wexit trended on
social media Social media are interactive media technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, interests, and other forms of expression through virtual communities and networks. While challenges to the definition of ''social me ...
. However, experts stated part of the push was due to
disinformation Disinformation is false information deliberately spread to deceive people. It is sometimes confused with misinformation, which is false information but is not deliberate. The English word ''disinformation'' comes from the application of the ...
and
bots The British Overseas Territories (BOTs), also known as the United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs), are fourteen territories with a constitutional and historical link with the United Kingdom. They are the last remnants of the former Bri ...
. On November 4, 2019, the separatist group Wexit Alberta applied for federal political party status. On November 6, 2019, a poll conducted by Ipsos show a historic high level of interest in secession from Canada in both
Alberta Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest T ...
and
Saskatchewan Saskatchewan ( ; ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Western Canada, western Canada, bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and on t ...
by 33% and 27%, respectively. On January 12, 2020,
Wexit Canada The Maverick Party, formerly known as Wexit Canada, is a Canadian federal political party. It advocates for constitutional changes to benefit, or the independence of, Western Canada, which includes British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, M ...
was granted eligibility for the next federal election. They subsequently changed their name to the Maverick Party.


Allegations of Chinese interference

In late 2022,
Global News Global News is the news and current affairs division of the Canadian Global Television Network. The network is owned by Corus Entertainment, which oversees all of the network's national news programming as well as local news on its 21 owned-an ...
reported on a suspected attempt by the PRC to infiltrate the
Parliament of Canada The Parliament of Canada (french: Parlement du Canada) is the federal legislature of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, and is composed of three parts: the King, the Senate, and the House of Commons. By constitutional convention, ...
by funding a network of candidates to run in the 2019 federal election. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau stated on November 20, 2022, regarding alleged interference in the election that "I do not have any information, nor have I been briefed on any federal candidates receiving any money from China".


Deregistered parties

The Progressive Canadian Party was deregistered by Elections Canada on October 30, 2019, for failing to comply with the reporting provisions of the
Canada Elections Act The ''Canada Elections Act'' (french: Loi électorale du Canada; full title: ''An Act respecting the election of members to the House of Commons, repealing other Acts relating to elections and making consequential amendments to other Acts'', full ...
. The United Party of Canada was deregistered on December 31, 2020, for failing to submit required financial documents or update party information. The Stop Climate Change Party was deregistered on March 31, 2021, for failing to provide an auditor's report.


See also

*
By-elections to the 42nd Canadian Parliament By-elections to the 42nd Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 2015 and the 2019 federal elections. The 42nd Canadian Parliament existed from 2015 to 2019 with the membership of its House of ...
* 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election * 2017 New Democratic Party leadership election *
2017 Bloc Québécois leadership election The 2017 Bloc Québécois leadership election was held on March 14, 2017 to choose a successor to Gilles Duceppe, who resigned on October 22, 2015 after the 2015 Canadian federal election. Rhéal Fortin, MP for Rivière-du-Nord, had been servin ...
*
2019 Bloc Québécois leadership election The 2019 Bloc Québécois leadership election was initiated by the resignation of party leader Martine Ouellet in June 2018. While originally scheduled to be held on February 24, 2019 on a one member, one vote basis, Yves-François Blanchet, as t ...


Notes


References

;Official reports * *


External links


Elections Canada
{{election canada Federal election