Following the escalation of the

Darfur conflict The War in Darfur, also nicknamed the Land Cruiser War, is a major armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan that began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups be ...

in the

Sudan Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t ...

Chad Chad (; ar, تشاد , ; french: Tchad, ), officially the Republic of Chad, '; ) is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic ...

brokered negotiations in

N'Djamena N'Djamena ( ) is the capital and largest city of Chad. It is also a special statute region, divided into 10 districts or ''arrondissements''. The city serves as the centre of economic activity in Chad. Meat, fish and cotton processing are the c ...

led to the Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement between the Sudanese government and the two rebel groups, the Sudanese

Justice and Equality Movement The Justice and Equality Movement (JEM; ar, حركة العدل والمساواة, ') is an opposition group in Sudan founded by Khalil Ibrahim. Gibril Ibrahim has led the group since January 2012 after the death of Khalil, his brother, in Dec ...

(JEM) and the

Sudan Liberation Movement/Army The Sudan Liberation Movement/Army ( ar, حركة تحرير السودان ''Ḥarakat Taḥrīr Al-Sūdān''; abbreviated SLM, SLA, or SLM/A) is a Sudanese rebel group active in Darfur, Sudan. It was founded as the Darfur Liberation FrontFlint ...

(SLM/A) on 8 April 2004, other signatories were Chad and the

African Union The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa. The AU was announced in the Sirte Declaration in Sirte, Libya, on 9 September 1999, calling for the establishment of the Africa ...

. The ceasefire came into effect on 11 April 2004. The

National Movement for Reform and Development The National Movement for Reform and Development (NMRD) is a Sudanese rebel group based in the region of Darfur. The group was formed when it broke away from the Justice and Equality Movement in 2004. The NMRD came into existence because its foundi ...

— a group which splintered from the JEM in April did not participate in the cease-fire talks or the agreement.

Janjaweed The Janjaweed ( ar, جنجويد, Janjawīd, lit=mounted gunman; also transliterated ''Janjawid'') are a Sudanese Arab militia group that operate in Sudan, particularly Darfur, and eastern Chad. Using the United Nations definition, the Janjaweed ...

and rebel attacks have continued since the ceasefire. The African Union formed a Ceasefire Commission (CFC) to monitor observance of the ceasefire.

References

Bibliography

External links

Text of the agreement
War in Darfur Foreign relations of the African Union 2004 in Chad Treaties of the Republic of the Sudan (1985–2011) Treaties of Chad African Union treaties Treaties concluded in 2004 Treaties entered into force in 2004 Armistices Ceasefires April 2004 events in Africa {{Chad-stub