The 2nd Manchurian Army (russian: 2-й Маньчжурская армия / 2 МА) was a

field army A field army (or numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps and may be subordinate to an army group. Likewise, air armies are equivalent formation within some air forces, and with ...

of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

that was established in 1904 during the

Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War ( ja, 日露戦争, Nichiro sensō, Japanese-Russian War; russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, Rússko-yapónskaya voyná) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1 ...

, to operate in

Manchuria Manchuria is an exonym (derived from the endo demonym " Manchu") for a historical and geographic region in Northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day Northeast China (Inner Manchuria) and parts of the Russian Far East (Outer Manc ...

against

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

. It was one of the three such armies that were created and was disbanded in September 1905 after the end of the War.

History

After the lost

Battle of Liaoyang The (russian: Сражение при Ляояне) was the first major List of battles of the Russo-Japanese War, land battle of the Russo-Japanese War, on the outskirts of the city of Liaoyang in present-day Liaoning Province, China. The city ...

, Tsar

Nicholas II of Russia Nicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov; spelled in pre-revolutionary script. ( 186817 July 1918), known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer,. was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Pola ...

decided to disband the "Manchurian Army" , that encompassed all units of the

Russian Imperial Army The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian Ar ...

formations operating in the region against the

Imperial Japanese Army The was the official ground-based armed force of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945. It was controlled by the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office and the Ministry of the Army, both of which were nominally subordinate to the Emperor o ...

under just one commander, and split it up in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Manchurian Armies. Kowner (2009), pp. 220–221 The 2nd Manchurian Army was created in September 1904 under command of Lieutenant general

Oskar Gripenberg Oskar Ferdinand Gripenberg (russian: Оскар-Фердинанд Казимирович Гриппенберг, Oskar-Ferdinand Kazimirovich Grippenberg; 13 January 1838 – 7 January 1916) was a Finnish-Swedish general of the Russian Second M ...

. It counted 120

battalion A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of 300 to 1,200 soldiers commanded by a lieutenant colonel, and subdivided into a number of companies (usually each commanded by a major or a captain). In some countries, battalions are ...

s, 79 squadrons, 439 guns, and a total of 81,799 men. On February 12, 1905, General

Alexander von Kaulbars Alexander Wilhelm Andreas Freiherr von Kaulbars (russian: Александр Васильевич Каульбарс, translit=Aleksandr Vasil'evič Kaul'bars; 25 January 1925) was a Baltic German military leader who served in the Imperial Russi ...

took over command of the army. It participated in the

Battle of Shaho The Battle of Shaho ( ja, 沙河会戦 (''Saka no kaisen''), russian: Сражение на реке Шахе) was the second large-scale land battle of the Russo-Japanese War fought along a front centered at the Shaho River along the Mukden– P ...

Battle of Sandepu The Battle of Sandepu (also known as the Battle of Heikoutai) ( ja, 黒溝台会戦 (''Kokkōdai no kaisen''), russian: Сражение при Сандепу) was a major land battle of the Russo-Japanese War. It was fought within a group of vi ...

and

Battle of Mukden The , one of the largest land battles to be fought before World War I and the last and the most decisive major land battle of the Russo-Japanese War, was fought from 20 February to 10 March 1905 between Japan and Russia near Mukden ...

. After the end of the War, the 2nd Manchurian Army was disbanded in September 1905.

Order of battle

The 2nd Manchurian Army consisted of the following units :Russian Army of Manchuria

US Army Combined Arms Center The U.S. Army Combined Arms Center (USACAC) is located at Fort Leavenworth and provides leadership and supervision for leader development and professional military and civilian education; institutional and collective training; functional training; ...

. *

1st Siberian Army Corps The 1st Siberian Army Corps was an elite unit of the Imperial Russian Army. It was raised in May 1900 and disbanded in August 1918. History The 1st Siberian Army Corps was raised in May 1900 under the command of Lieutenant General Nikolai Linevic ...

** 1st Siberian Rifle Division **

9th Siberian Rifle Division The 9th Siberian Rifle Division (Russian: 9-я Сибирская стрелковая дивизия, Latin: 9-ya Sibirskaya strelkovaya diviziya) was a military formation of the Imperial Russian Army which participated all major wars of the army ...

*Combined Corps * 8th Army Corps ** 14th Infantry Division ** 15th Infantry Division * 10th Army Corps ** 9th Infantry Division ** 31st Infantry Division

Commanders

The formation was commanded by : * 09.1904-12.02.1905 : General

* 12.02.1905-09.1905 : General

References

Books

*{{cite book , last = Kowner , first = Rotem , year = 2009 , title = The A to Z of the Russo-Japanese War , publisher = Scarecrow Press , isbn = 0810868415 , ref = Kowner2009 1904 establishments in the Russian Empire Armies of the Russian Empire Military units and formations established in 1904 Military units and formations disestablished in 1905