The Second Bombardment Wing, abbreviated as 2nd Bombardment Wing of the

United States Army Air Forces The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF) was the major land-based aerial warfare service component of the United States Army and ''de facto'' aerial warfare service branch of the United States during and immediately after World War II ...

is a disbanded unit whose last assignment was with the

Continental Air Forces Continental Air Forces (CAF) was a United States Army Air Forces major command, active 1944–1946. It was tasked with combat training of bomber and fighter personnel, and for Continental United States (CONUS) air defense after the Aircraft Wa ...

, based at

McChord Field McChord Field is a United States Air Force base in the northwest United States, in Pierce County, Washington. South of Tacoma, McChord Field is the home of the 62d Airlift Wing, Air Mobility Command, the field's primary mission being worldwi ...

, Washington. It was last active in November 1945.

History

Pre World War II

The

wing A wing is a type of fin that produces lift while moving through air or some other fluid. Accordingly, wings have streamlined cross-sections that are subject to aerodynamic forces and act as airfoils. A wing's aerodynamic efficiency is e ...

was organized in 1919 at

Langley Field Langley may refer to: People * Langley (surname), a common English surname, including a list of notable people with the name * Dawn Langley Simmons (1922–2000), English author and biographer * Elizabeth Langley (born 1933), Canadian perfo ...

, Virginia and assumed control of all Air Service units on the Atlantic Coast. It was inactivated at Langley in 1921 and most of its personnel were assigned to Air Park No.3. It was reactivated the following year and conducted mostly

bombardment A bombardment is an attack by artillery fire or by dropping bombs from aircraft on fortifications, combatants, or towns and buildings. Prior to World War I, the term was only applied to the bombardment of defenseless or undefended objects, ...

operations.Maurer, ''Combat Units'', pp. 374–375 As the 2nd Wing, the unit became one of the original wings of the

GHQ Air Force The United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) was the aerial warfare service component of the United States Army between 1926 and 1941. After World War I, as early aviation became an increasingly important part of modern warfare, a philosophical ri ...

on 1 March 1935. It once again conducted much of the

United States Army The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare, land military branch, service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight Uniformed services of the United States, U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army o ...

's pursuit, bombardment and observation operations in the eastern part of the United States. The wing's 2nd Bombardment Group was the first

group A group is a number of persons or things that are located, gathered, or classed together. Groups of people * Cultural group, a group whose members share the same cultural identity * Ethnic group, a group whose members share the same ethnic ide ...

of the Air Corps to equip with the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.Abstract of HISTORY OF SECOND WING, GENERAL HEADQUARTERS AIR FORCE, 1 Jan 1939 – 7 Dec 1941
(retrieved 29 December 2012) The wing provided cadres for new tactical units activating as the Air Corps expanded under the Woodring Plan. It participated in maneuvers during 1940 that influenced Air Corps doctrine on the employment of airpower. The wing was inactivated in 1941 and its personnel used as the cadre for 1st Bomber Command.

World War II

The group was reactivated as a heavy bomber operational command and control organization in June 1942. It moved to England, August–September 1942, and became a heavy bombardment wing of Eighth AF. In the fall of 1942, it helped to train bombardment groups assigned to

Twelfth Air Force The Twelfth Air Force (12 AF; Air Forces Southern, (AFSOUTH)) is a Numbered Air Force of the United States Air Force Air Combat Command (ACC). It is headquartered at Davis–Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona. The command is the air component to ...

. It served in combat in the European theater from November 1942 to June 1943. The wing ceased combat temporarily during July and August 1943 while its groups were detached to the Mediterranean theater. The wing resumed combat in the European theater in October 1943 and continued operations until April 1945. In August 1945 it returned to the US and was inactivated in November.

Lineage

* Authorized on 15 August 1919 as the 2nd Observation WingClay, p. 1243 : Organized on 4 September 1919 * Redesignated as 2nd Wing on 14 March 1921 : Inactivated on 30 September 1921. * Activated on 8 August 1922 : Redesignated 2nd Bombardment Wing on 8 May 1929 : Redesignated 2nd Wing on 1 March 1935 : Redesignated 2nd Bombardment Wing on 19 October 1940 : Inactivated on 5 September 1941 * Activated on 7 June 1942 : Redesignated 2nd Combat Bombardment Wing (Heavy) 31 August 1943 : Redesignated 2nd Bombardment Wing (Heavy) June 1945 : Inactivated on 7 November 1945 * Disbanded on 15 June 1983

Assignments

* Eastern Department, 4 September 1919 *

Third Corps Area Third or 3rd may refer to: Numbers * 3rd, the ordinal form of the cardinal number 3 * , a fraction of one third * 1⁄60 of a ''second'', or 1⁄3600 of a ''minute'' Places * 3rd Street (disambiguation) * Third Avenue (disambiguation) * Hig ...

, 20 August 1920 - 8 August 1922 * General Headquarters, 1921 – 30 September 1921 * Third Corps Area, 8 August 1922 *

General Headquarters Air Force The United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) was the aerial warfare service component of the United States Army between 1926 and 1941. After World War I, as early aviation became an increasingly important part of modern warfare, a philosophical ri ...

, 1 March 1935 *

Northeast Air District The First Air Force (Air Forces Northern; 1 AF-AFNORTH) is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Air Combat Command (ACC). It is headquartered at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida. Its primary mission is the air defense of the Cont ...

, 19 October 1940 – 5 September 1941 *

I Bomber Command The I Bomber Command (later XX Bomber Command) was an intermediate command of the Army Air Forces during World War II. It trained bombardment units and aircrews for deployment to combat theaters. From shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor ...

, 7 June 1942 *

VIII Bomber Command 8 (eight) is the natural number following 7 and preceding 9. In mathematics 8 is: * a composite number, its proper divisors being , , and . It is twice 4 or four times 2. * a power of two, being 2 (two cubed), and is the first number of ...

, 7 September 1942 *

2nd Bombardment Division The 2nd Air Division (2nd AD) is an inactive United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with Military Airlift Command, assigned to Twenty-Third Air Force, being stationed at Hurlburt Field, Florida. It started operations on 7 N ...

(later 2nd Air Division), 16 August 1943 – 25 August 1945 *

, 6 September 1945 – 7 November 1945 * Disbanded on 15 June 1983

Stations

* Langley Field, Virginia, 4 September 1919 – 30 September 1921 * Langley Field, Virginia, 8 August 1922 – 5 September 1941 *

Detrick Field Fort Detrick () is a United States Army Futures Command installation located in Frederick, Maryland. Historically, Fort Detrick was the center of the U.S. biological weapons program from 1943 to 1969. Since the discontinuation of that program, i ...

, Maryland, 7 June – 15 August 1942 *

Old Catton Old Catton is a suburban village and civil parishes in England, civil parish in the English county of Norfolk which lies to the north-east of central Norwich. The parish is bounded by the Norwich International Airport at Hellesdon to the west a ...

(AAF-108),Station number in Anderson England, c. 7 September 1942 *

RAF Hethel Royal Air Force Hethel or more simply RAF Hethel is a former Royal Air Force station which was used by both the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) and the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the Second World War. The airfield is located south we ...

(AAF-114), England, 14 September 1943 *

RAF Alconbury Royal Air Force Alconbury or more simply RAF Alconbury is an active Royal Air Force station near Huntingdon, England. The airfield is in the civil parish of The Stukeleys, close to the villages of Great Stukeley, Little Stukeley, and Alconbur ...

(AAF-102), England, c. 12 June – c. 25 August 1945 * McChord Field, Washington, 6 September – 7 November 1945.

Components

Groups * 1st Army Observation Group (later 7th Group (Observation)), 1 October 1919 – 30 August 1921 *

1st Pursuit Group First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and reco ...

, 1 March 1935 – 16 January 1941 * 2nd Bombardment Group, ''ca''. July 1922 – 19 November 1940 *

8th Pursuit Group The 8th Operations Group (8 OG) is the operational flying component of the United States Air Force 8th Fighter Wing. It is stationed at Kunsan Air Base, South Korea, and is a part of Pacific Air Forces (PACAF). The group is a direct su ...

, 1 April 1931 – 18 December 1940 *

9th Bombardment Group 9 (nine) is the natural number following and preceding . Evolution of the Arabic digit In the beginning, various Indians wrote a digit 9 similar in shape to the modern closing question mark without the bottom dot. The Kshatrapa, Andhra and ...

, 1 March 1935 – 12 November 1940 * 15th School Group, 6 February 1923 -13 June 1924 *

22nd Bombardment Group The 22nd Operations Group is the operational flying component of the United States Air Force 22nd Air Refueling Wing. It is stationed at McConnell Air Force Base, Kansas, and is part of Air Mobility Command (AMC)'s Eighteenth Air Force. The ...

, 1 February 1940 – 4 September 1941 * 31st Pursuit Group, 1 February 1940 – 18 December 1940 * 44th Bombardment Group, September 1942-13 September 1943 (detached to 201st Provisional Combat Bombardment Wing after 25 March 1943) (attached to IX Bomber Command 28 June 1943 – 4 October 1943) *

93rd Bombardment Group The 93d Air Ground Operations Wing (93d AGOW) is a United States Air Force unit assigned to Air Combat Command, Ninth Air Force. It is stationed as a tenant unit at Moody Air Force Base, Georgia. The wing directs the 3d Air Support Operations ...

, 6 December 1942 – 1943 * 389th Bombardment Group, 11 June 1943 – 30 May 1945 (attached to IX Bomber Command, 3 July – 3 October 1943) * 392nd Bombardment Group, July 1943 – 1943 * 445th Bombardment Group, ''ca''. 9 November 1943 – 9 June 1945 * 453rd Bombardment Group, 23 December 1943 – 9 May 1945 Squadrons * Base Headquarters and 1st Air Base Squadron, 1 September 1936 – 1 September 1940 * 1st Squadron (Observation), 30 August 1921 – 30 September 1921 * Base Headquarters and 2nd Air Base Squadron, 1 September 1936 – 1 September 1940 * Base Headquarters and 3rd Air Base Squadron, 1 September 1936 – 1 September 1940 * 3rd Reconnaissance Squadron, 15 January 1941 – 5 June 1941 (attached to

13th Bombardment Group In music or music theory, a thirteenth is the note thirteen scale degrees from the root of a chord and also the interval between the root and the thirteenth. The interval can be also described as a compound sixth, spanning an octave ...

) * 19th Airship Squadron ''see'' 19th Balloon Company below * 36th Pursuit Squadron, 2 October 1930 – 1 April 1931 (attached to 1st Pursuit GroupMaurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', p. 172 * 37th Attack Squadron, 1 March 1935 – 31 January 1938 (attached to 8th Pursuit Group) *

55th Pursuit Squadron The 55th Fighter Squadron is part of the 20th Fighter Wing at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina. It operates the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft conducting air superiority missions. The squadron is one of the oldest in the U ...

, 15 November 1930 – 1 April 1931 (attached to 20th Pursuit Group *

18th Reconnaissance Squadron The 18th Attack Squadron is a squadron of the United States Air Force. It is assigned to the 432d Operations Group, and has been stationed at Creech Air Force Base, Nevada since 2009. The squadron conducts strike, intelligence, surveillance a ...

, 1 September 1936 – ''ca''. September 1940 (attached to 9th Bombardment Group) *

21st Reconnaissance Squadron 021 is: * in Brazil, the telephone area code for the city of Rio de Janeiro and surrounding cities (Greater Rio de Janeiro) * in China, the telephone area code for the city of Shanghai. * in Indonesia, the area code for the city of Jakarta and ...

, 1 September 1936 – ''ca''. September 1940 (attached to 2nd Bombardment Group to September 1939, 7th Naval District to 1940) * 41st Reconnaissance Squadron, 1 March 1935 – 1 September 1936 (attached to Air Corps Advanced Flying School), (attached 1 February 1940 – ''ca''. December 1940) * 50th Squadron (Observation) (later 50th Observation Squadron), 5 August 1922 – Jun 1927 (attached to Air Service Field Officer School (later Air Service Tactical School,

Air Corps Tactical School The Air Corps Tactical School, also known as ACTS and "the Tactical School", was a military professional development school for officers of the United States Army Air Service and United States Army Air Corps, the first such school in the world. C ...

) * 88th Reconnaissance Squadron, September 1919 – 24 March 1920 (attached to 1st Army Observation Group after October 1919) Company * 19th Balloon Company (later 19th Dirigible Company, 19th Airship Company 19th Airship Squadron), 4 September 1919 – 30 September 1921 (attached to 1st Provisional Air Brigade after 6 May 1921), 8 August 1922 – 8 May 1929 (attached 8 May 1929 – 3 November 1935)Maurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', p. 18 Except as noted, lineage and station information is in Maurer, ''Combat Units''.

Awards

European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer

European Theater of World War II The European theatre of World War II was one of the two main theatres of combat during World War II. It saw heavy fighting across Europe for almost six years, starting with Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 and ending with the ...

* Campaigns: : Air Offensive, Europe : Naples-Foggia : Normandy : Northern France : Rhineland : Ardennes-Alsace : Central Europe

References

Notes

Bibliography

* * * *
US Army 8th Air Force in World War II, US Army Air Force Web site
{{DEFAULTSORT:2nd Bombardment Wing (World War II)

002 002, 0O2, O02, OO2, or 002 may refer to: Fiction *002, fictional British 00 Agent *''002 Operazione Luna'', *1965 Italian film *Zero Two, a ''Darling in the Franxx'' character Airports *0O2, Baker Airport *O02, Nervino Airport Astronomy *1996 ...

Military units and formations established in 1919 Military units and formations disestablished in 1945