Year 945 ( CMXLV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire will reach its maximum extent. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to becom ...

– The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown barely a month after deposing their father, Romanos I. With the help of his wife,

Constantine VII Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (; 17 May 905 – 9 November 959) was the fourth Emperor of the Macedonian dynasty of the Byzantine Empire, reigning from 6 June 913 to 9 November 959. He was the son of Emperor Leo VI and his fourth wife, Zoe Kar ...

becomes sole emperor of the Byzantine Empire. He appoints to the highest army commands four members of the Phokas family, which have been in disgrace under Romanos. * Constantine VII concludes a Rus'–Byzantine treaty in which Rus'

merchant A merchant is a person who trades in commodities produced by other people, especially one who trades with foreign countries. Historically, a merchant is anyone who is involved in business or trade. Merchants have operated for as long as indust ...

s are to conduct their trade in Constantinople. While many Rus' make their fortunes in trade with the

Arab Muslims Arab Muslims ( ar, العرب المسلمون) are adherents of Islam who identify linguistically, culturally, and genealogically as Arabs. Arab Muslims greatly outnumber other ethnoreligious groups in the Middle East and North Africa. Arab Mu ...

, the Rurik Dynasty of

Kiev Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...

grows rich from Byzantine commerce.

Europe

* Spring – Berengar of Ivrea invades Italy with hired Lombard troops and takes up residence in Milan. Berengar proceeds to Verona, where he is joined by forces of Count Milo and other partisans. * King

Hugh of Provence Hugh (c. 880–947), known as Hugh of Arles or Hugh of Provence, was the king of Italy from 926 until his death. He belonged to the Bosonid family. During his reign, he empowered his relatives at the expense of the aristocracy and tried to estab ...

lays siege to Vignola to put an end to Berengar's advance. But to no avail, as Berengar of Ivrea is hailed throughout northern Italy as a liberator, and Hugh flees to Provence. *

April 13 Events Pre-1600 *1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. 1601–1900 *1612 – In one of the epic samurai ...

– Hugh of Provence abdicates the throne in favor of his son

Lothair II Lothair II (835 – 8 August 869) was the king of Lotharingia from 855 until his death. He was the second son of Emperor Lothair I and Ermengarde of Tours. He was married to Teutberga (died 875), daughter of Boso the Elder. Reign For political ...

(who has been co-ruler since 931) and is acclaimed as sole king of Lombardia. Hugh is allowed to retire in Pavia. * Igor I, ruler of the Kievan Rus', is killed while collecting tribute from the Drevlians and is succeeded by his three-year-old son

Sviatoslav I ; (943 – 26 March 972), also spelled Svyatoslav, was Grand Prince of Kiev famous for his persistent campaigns in the east and south, which precipitated the collapse of two great powers of Eastern Europe, Khazaria and the First Bulgarian Empire. H ...

. His mother

Olga Olga may refer to: People and fictional characters * Olga (name), a given name, including a list of people and fictional characters named Olga or Olha * Michael Algar (born 1962), English singer also known as "Olga" Places Russia * Olga, Russia, ...

becomes regent and the official ruler. * Summer – King Louis IV ("d'Outremer") is captured by the Normans and handed over to Hugh the Great. In return for the release of Louis, Laon surrenders to him in compensation.Timothy Reuter (1999). ''The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III'', p. 385. . * Caliph

Abd-al-Rahman III ʿAbd al-Rahmān ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥakam al-Rabdī ibn Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Dākhil () or ʿAbd al-Rahmān III (890 - 961), was the Umayyad Emir of Córdoba from 912 to 92 ...

occupies the palace of Medina Azahara (called "the shining city") as the new capital of the Caliphate of Córdoba (modern Spain).

England

* King

Edmund I Edmund I or Eadmund I (920/921 – 26 May 946) was King of the English from 27 October 939 until his death in 946. He was the elder son of King Edward the Elder and his third wife, Queen Eadgifu, and a grandson of King Alfred the Great. After ...

conquers Strathclyde, forms an alliance with Malcolm I (king of the 'Picts and Scots') and cedes

Cumberland Cumberland ( ) is a historic county in the far North West England. It covers part of the Lake District as well as the north Pennines and Solway Firth coast. Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974. From 19 ...

and

Westmorland Westmorland (, formerly also spelt ''Westmoreland'';R. Wilkinson The British Isles, Sheet The British IslesVision of Britain/ref> is a historic county in North West England spanning the southern Lake District and the northern Dales. It had an ...

to him. * King Hywel Dda ("the Good") convenes a conference at Whitland, which draws up a standardized code of laws in Wales (approximate date).

Arabian Empire

* Summer – Sayf al-Dawla is defeated by Muslim forces under Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid near Qinnasrin. He is forced to abandon his Syrian domains and flees to Raqqa. In October the two men come to an agreement, which recognizes Hamdanid rule over northern

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

, founding the Emirate of Aleppo. * Winter – Muslim forces under Nasir al-Dawla capture Baghdad and restore Caliph Al-Muttaqi to power again. Al-Dawla establishes himself as '' amir al-umara'', or '' de facto'' regent of the Abbasid Caliphate.

China

* Autumn – The Min Kingdom is destroyed by the Southern Tang. Emperor Yuan Zong expands its domains beyond those of the former Wu Kingdom. He annexes Min territory into its own boundaries.

By topic

Religion

Dunstan Saint Dunstan (c. 909 – 19 May 988) was an English bishop. He was successively Abbot of Glastonbury, Abbot of Glastonbury Abbey, Bishop of Worcester, Bishop of London and Archbishop of Canterbury, later canonised as a saint. His work restor ...

becomes abbot of Glastonbury Abbey in England. He re-creates monastic life by establishing Benedictine monasticism in the monastery.

Births

* Abbo of Fleury, French monk and abbot (approximate date) * Adelaide of Aquitaine, French queen consort (or 952) *

Al-Muqaddasi Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Abī Bakr al-Maqdisī ( ar, شَمْس ٱلدِّيْن أَبُو عَبْد ٱلله مُحَمَّد ابْن أَحْمَد ابْن أَبِي بَكْر ٱلْمَقْدِسِي), ...

, Arab Muslim geographer (approximate date) * Al-Sijzi, Persian astronomer and mathematician (d.

1020 Year 1020 ( MXX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events * Summer – Emperor Henry II conducts his third Italian military campaign. He makes plans to invade the south, ...

) * Eric the Victorious, king of

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

(approximate date) *

Judah ben David Hayyuj Judah ben David Hayyuj (Hebrew: ר׳ יְהוּדָה בֶּן דָּוִד חַיּוּג׳ Arabic: أبو زكريا يحيى بن داؤد حيوج Abu Zakariyya Yahya ibn Dawūd Hayyūj) was a Moroccan Jewish linguist. He is regarded as the fath ...

, Jewish linguist (approximate date) * Tróndur í Gøtu, Viking chieftain (approximate date)

Deaths

* January 21 – Yang Tan, Chinese general and governor *

February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...

Lian Chongyu Lian Chongyu () (died February 14, 945''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 284.Academia Sinica Chinese-Western ...

, Chinese general ** Zhu Wenjin, emperor of Min ( Ten Kingdoms) * June 30 – Ki no Tsurayuki, Japanese writer and poet (b. 872) * July 4 – Zhuo Yanming, Chinese Buddhist monk and emperor * October 23 – Hyejong, king of Goryeo ( Korea) (b.

912 Year 912 ( CMXII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. __NOTOC__ Events By place Byzantine Empire * May 11 – Emperor Leo VI (the Wise) dies after a 26-year reign in wh ...

) * Abu Muhammad al-Hasan, Arab Muslim geographer (b. 893) * Adarnase II, prince of Tao-Klarjeti ( Georgia) * Bagrat I, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia) * Fujiwara no Nakahira, Japanese statesman (b. 875) * Igor I, Varangian ruler of Kievan Rus' *

Krešimir I Krešimir I was king of Croatia from 935 until his death in 945. He was a member of the Trpimirović dynasty. Reign Little is known about the reign of Krešimir I. He succeeded Trpimir II as king in around 935. According to ''De Administran ...

, king of Croatian Kingdom *

Song Fujin Song Fujin (宋福金) (died 945), formally Empress Yuanjing (元敬皇后, "the discerning and alert empress"), was the empress and second wife of Li Bian (Xu Zhigao), the founding emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period stat ...

, empress and wife of Li Bian * Tuzun, Abbasid general and '' de facto'' ruler *

Wang Jichang Wang Jichang () (died 945) was a general and chancellor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min. He was a nephew of its last emperor Wang Yanzheng, and briefly served as chancellor and general during Wang Yanzheng's reign. ...

, Chinese general and

chancellor Chancellor ( la, cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the or lattice work screens of a basilica or law cou ...

Yang Sigong Yang Sigong () (died 945), nicknamed Skinner Yang (楊剝皮, ''Yang Baopi''), was an official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min and Min's branch state Yin. He became a trusted official during the reign of Yin's only e ...

, Chinese official and chancellor *

Zhang Gongduo Zhang Gongduo (張公鐸; died 945) was a general and official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period Later Shu state. Service under Meng Zhixiang It is not known when Zhang Gongduo was born, but it is known that he was from Taiyua ...

, Chinese general and official

References

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