23 (twenty-three) is the
natural number
In mathematics, the natural numbers are those numbers used for counting (as in "there are ''six'' coins on the table") and ordering (as in "this is the ''third'' largest city in the country").
Numbers used for counting are called ''Cardinal n ...
following
22 and preceding
24.
In mathematics
Twenty-three is the ninth
prime number
A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...
, the smallest odd prime that is not a
twin prime
A twin prime is a prime number that is either 2 less or 2 more than another prime number—for example, either member of the twin prime pair (41, 43). In other words, a twin prime is a prime that has a prime gap of two. Sometimes the term ''twin p ...
. It is, however, a
cousin prime
In number theory, cousin primes are prime numbers that differ by four. Compare this with twin primes, pairs of prime numbers that differ by two, and sexy primes, pairs of prime numbers that differ by six.
The cousin primes (sequences and in O ...
with
19, and a
sexy prime
In number theory, sexy primes are prime numbers that differ from each other by 6. For example, the numbers 5 and 11 are both sexy primes, because both are prime and .
The term "sexy prime" is a pun stemming from the Latin word for six: .
If o ...
with
17 as well as
29. Twenty-three is also the fifth
factorial prime
A factorial prime is a prime number that is one less or one more than a factorial (all factorials greater than 1 are even).
The first 10 factorial primes (for ''n'' = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12, 14) are :
: 2 (0! +&n ...
, and the second
Woodall prime
In number theory, a Woodall number (''W'n'') is any natural number of the form
:W_n = n \cdot 2^n - 1
for some natural number ''n''. The first few Woodall numbers are:
:1, 7, 23, 63, 159, 383, 895, … .
History
Woodall numbers were first st ...
. It is an
Eisenstein prime
In mathematics, an Eisenstein prime is an Eisenstein integer
: z = a + b\,\omega, \quad \text \quad \omega = e^,
that is irreducible (or equivalently prime) in the ring-theoretic sense: its only Eisenstein divisors are the units , itself ...
with no
imaginary part
In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with a specific element denoted , called the imaginary unit and satisfying the equation i^= -1; every complex number can be expressed in the form ...
and
real part
In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with a specific element denoted , called the imaginary unit and satisfying the equation i^= -1; every complex number can be expressed in the form ...
of the form 3''n'' − 1. 23 is the fifth
Sophie Germain prime
In number theory, a prime number ''p'' is a if 2''p'' + 1 is also prime. The number 2''p'' + 1 associated with a Sophie Germain prime is called a . For example, 11 is a Sophie Germain prime and 2 × 11 +  ...
and the fourth
safe prime
In number theory, a prime number ''p'' is a if 2''p'' + 1 is also prime. The number 2''p'' + 1 associated with a Sophie Germain prime is called a . For example, 11 is a Sophie Germain prime and 2 × 11 +  ...
, 23 is the next to last member of the first
Cunningham chain
In mathematics, a Cunningham chain is a certain sequence of prime numbers. Cunningham chains are named after mathematician A. J. C. Cunningham. They are also called chains of nearly doubled primes.
Definition
A Cunningham chain of the first ...
of the first kind to have five terms (2, 5, 11, 23, 47). Since 14! + 1 is a multiple of 23 but 23 is not one more than a multiple of 14, 23 is a
Pillai prime In number theory, a Pillai prime is a prime number ''p'' for which there is an integer ''n'' > 0 such that the factorial of ''n'' is one less than a multiple of the prime, but the prime is not one more than a multiple of ''n''. To put it algebraica ...
. 23 is the smallest odd prime to be a
highly cototient number In number theory, a branch of mathematics, a highly cototient number is a positive integer k which is above 1 and has more solutions to the equation
:x - \phi(x) = k
than any other integer below k and above 1. Here, \phi is Euler's totient fun ...
, as the solution to ''x'' − φ(''x'') for the integers 95, 119, 143, 529. It is also a
happy number
In number theory, a happy number is a number which eventually reaches 1 when replaced by the sum of the square of each digit. For instance, 13 is a happy number because 1^2+3^2=10, and 1^2+0^2=1. On the other hand, 4 is not a happy number because ...
in base-10.
*In
decimal, 23 is the second
Smarandache–Wellin prime, as it is the concatenation of the decimal representations of the first two primes (2 and 3) and is itself also prime.
*23 is the first prime ''p'' for which unique factorization of
cyclotomic integers based on the ''p'' the root of unity breaks down.
*The sum of the first 23 primes is 874, which is divisible by 23, a property shared by few other numbers.
*In the list of
fortunate number
A Fortunate number, named after Reo Fortune, is the smallest integer ''m'' > 1 such that, for a given positive integer ''n'', ''p'n''# + ''m'' is a prime number, where the primorial ''p'n''# is the product of the first ''n'' prime numbers.
...
s, 23 occurs twice, since adding 23 to either the fifth or eighth
primorial gives a prime number (namely 2333 and 9699713).
*23 has the distinction of being one of two integers that cannot be expressed as the sum of fewer than 9 cubes of positive integers (the other is
239). See
Waring's problem
In number theory, Waring's problem asks whether each natural number ''k'' has an associated positive integer ''s'' such that every natural number is the sum of at most ''s'' natural numbers raised to the power ''k''. For example, every natural numb ...
.
*''R''
23 is the third
decimal repunit
In recreational mathematics, a repunit is a number like 11, 111, or 1111 that contains only the digit 1 — a more specific type of repdigit. The term stands for repeated unit and was coined in 1966 by Albert H. Beiler in his book ''Recreat ...
prime after ''R''
2 and ''R''
19.
*23 is the number of
trees
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are u ...
on 8 unlabeled nodes. It is also a
Wedderburn–Etherington number The Wedderburn–Etherington numbers are an integer sequence named for Ivor Malcolm Haddon Etherington.. and Joseph Wedderburn. that can be used to count certain kinds of binary trees. The first few numbers in the sequence are
:0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 6, ...
, which are numbers that can be used to count certain
binary trees.
*The
natural logarithm
The natural logarithm of a number is its logarithm to the base of the mathematical constant , which is an irrational and transcendental number approximately equal to . The natural logarithm of is generally written as , , or sometimes, if ...
s of all
positive integers lower than 23 are known to have binary
BBP-type formulae.
*23 is the smallest positive solution to
Sunzi
Sun Tzu ( ; zh, t=孫子, s=孙子, first= t, p=Sūnzǐ) was a Chinese military general, strategist, philosopher, and writer who lived during the Eastern Zhou period of 771 to 256 BCE. Sun Tzu is traditionally credited as the author of ''The ...
's original formulation of the
Chinese remainder theorem.
*According to the
birthday paradox
In probability theory, the birthday problem asks for the probability that, in a set of randomly chosen people, at least two will share a birthday. The birthday paradox is that, counterintuitively, the probability of a shared birthday exceeds 5 ...
, in a group of 23 or more randomly chosen people, the probability is more than 50% that some pair of them will have the same birthday. A related coincidence is that
365 times the
natural logarithm
The natural logarithm of a number is its logarithm to the base of the mathematical constant , which is an irrational and transcendental number approximately equal to . The natural logarithm of is generally written as , , or sometimes, if ...
of 2, approximately 252.999, is very close to the number of pairs of 23 items and 22nd
triangular number
A triangular number or triangle number counts objects arranged in an equilateral triangle. Triangular numbers are a type of figurate number, other examples being square numbers and cube numbers. The th triangular number is the number of dots i ...
,
253.
*23 is the smallest
prime number
A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...
''p'' such that the largest consecutive pair of ''p''-
smooth numbers
In number theory, an ''n''-smooth (or ''n''-friable) number is an integer whose prime factors are all less than or equal to ''n''. For example, a 7-smooth number is a number whose every prime factor is at most 7, so 49 = 72 and 15750 = 2 × 32 × 5 ...
is the same as the largest consecutive pair of (''p ''− 1)-smooth numbers. That is, the largest consecutive pair of 23-smooth numbers (11859210, 11859211) is the same as the largest consecutive pair of 22-smooth numbers, where 23 is the smallest prime for which this is true.
*23
! is twenty-three
digits long in
decimal. There are only three other numbers that have this property:
1,
22, and
24.
In geometry,
The
Leech lattice
In mathematics, the Leech lattice is an even unimodular lattice Λ24 in 24-dimensional Euclidean space, which is one of the best models for the kissing number problem. It was discovered by . It may also have been discovered (but not published) by ...
Λ
24 is a 24-dimensional
lattice
Lattice may refer to:
Arts and design
* Latticework, an ornamental criss-crossed framework, an arrangement of crossing laths or other thin strips of material
* Lattice (music), an organized grid model of pitch ratios
* Lattice (pastry), an orna ...
through which 23 other
positive definite In mathematics, positive definiteness is a property of any object to which a bilinear form or a sesquilinear form may be naturally associated, which is positive-definite. See, in particular:
* Positive-definite bilinear form
* Positive-definite f ...
even
unimodular Niemeier lattice
In mathematics, a Niemeier lattice is one of the 24
positive definite even unimodular lattices of rank 24,
which were classified by . gave a simplified proof of the classification. has a sentence mentioning that he found more than 10 such latt ...
s of
rank
Rank is the relative position, value, worth, complexity, power, importance, authority, level, etc. of a person or object within a ranking, such as:
Level or position in a hierarchical organization
* Academic rank
* Diplomatic rank
* Hierarchy
* ...
24 are built, and vice-versa. Λ
24 represents the solution to the
kissing number
In geometry, the kissing number of a mathematical space is defined as the greatest number of non-overlapping unit spheres that can be arranged in that space such that they each touch a common unit sphere. For a given sphere packing (arrangement o ...
in 24 dimensions as the precise lattice structure for the maximum number of
sphere
A sphere () is a geometrical object that is a three-dimensional analogue to a two-dimensional circle. A sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance from a given point in three-dimensional space.. That given point is th ...
s that can fill 24-dimensional space without overlapping, equal to 196,560 spheres. These 23 Niemeier lattices are located at ''deep holes'' of
radii
In classical geometry, a radius ( : radii) of a circle or sphere is any of the line segments from its center to its perimeter, and in more modern usage, it is also their length. The name comes from the latin ''radius'', meaning ray but also the ...
in lattice points around its automorphism group,
Conway group
In the area of modern algebra known as group theory, the Conway groups are the three sporadic simple groups Co1, Co2 and Co3 along with the related finite group Co0 introduced by .
The largest of the Conway groups, Co0, is the group of autom ...
. The Leech lattice can be constructed in various ways, which include:
*Through the
extended binary Golay code and
Witt design , which produce a construction of the 196,560 minimal
vectors in the Leech lattice. The extended binary Golay code is an extension of the
perfect binary Golay code , which has
codeword
In communication, a code word is an element of a standardized code or protocol. Each code word is assembled in accordance with the specific rules of the code and assigned a unique meaning. Code words are typically used for reasons of reliability, ...
s of
size
Size in general is the magnitude or dimensions of a thing. More specifically, ''geometrical size'' (or ''spatial size'') can refer to linear dimensions ( length, width, height, diameter, perimeter), area, or volume. Size can also be m ...
23.
has
Mathieu group as its
automorphism group
In mathematics, the automorphism group of an object ''X'' is the group consisting of automorphisms of ''X'' under composition of morphisms. For example, if ''X'' is a finite-dimensional vector space, then the automorphism group of ''X'' is the g ...
, which is the second largest member of the
first generation in the
happy family of
sporadic groups
In mathematics, a sporadic group is one of the 26 exceptional groups found in the classification of finite simple groups.
A simple group is a group ''G'' that does not have any normal subgroups except for the trivial group and ''G'' itself. Th ...
.
has a minimum
faithful complex representation in 22
dimension
In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it. Thus, a line has a dimension of one (1D) because only one coor ...
s and
group-3 actions on
253 objects
Object may refer to:
General meanings
* Object (philosophy), a thing, being, or concept
** Object (abstract), an object which does not exist at any particular time or place
** Physical object, an identifiable collection of matter
* Goal, an ...
, with 253 equal to the number of pairs of objects in a set of 23 objects. In turn,
is the automorphism group of
Mathieu group , which works through
to generate 8-element ''octads'' whose individual elements occur 253 times through its entire
block design.
*By means of a
matrix
Matrix most commonly refers to:
* ''The Matrix'' (franchise), an American media franchise
** ''The Matrix'', a 1999 science-fiction action film
** "The Matrix", a fictional setting, a virtual reality environment, within ''The Matrix'' (franchis ...
of the form
where
is the
identity matrix and
is a 24 by 24
Hadamard matrix
In mathematics, a Hadamard matrix, named after the French mathematician Jacques Hadamard, is a square matrix whose entries are either +1 or −1 and whose rows are mutually orthogonal. In geometric terms, this means that each pair of rows ...
(Z/23Z ∪ ∞) with ''a'' = 2 and ''b'' = 3, and
entries X(∞) = 1 and X(0) = -1 with X(''n'') the
quadratic residue symbol
mod
Mod, MOD or mods may refer to:
Places
* Modesto City–County Airport, Stanislaus County, California, US
Arts, entertainment, and media Music
* Mods (band), a Norwegian rock band
* M.O.D. (Method of Destruction), a band from New York City, US ...
23 for nonzero ''n''.
*Using Niemer lattices D
24 of
group order
In mathematics, the order of a finite group is the number of its elements. If a group (mathematics), group is not finite, one says that its order is ''infinite''. The ''order'' of an element of a group (also called period length or period) is t ...
2
23·24! and
Coxeter number
In mathematics, the Coxeter number ''h'' is the order of a Coxeter element of an irreducible Coxeter group. It is named after H.S.M. Coxeter.
Definitions
Note that this article assumes a finite Coxeter group. For infinite Coxeter groups, there ...
46 = 2·23, it can be made into a
module
Module, modular and modularity may refer to the concept of modularity. They may also refer to:
Computing and engineering
* Modular design, the engineering discipline of designing complex devices using separately designed sub-components
* Mo ...
over the
ring of integers of
quadratic field
In algebraic number theory, a quadratic field is an algebraic number field of degree two over \mathbf, the rational numbers.
Every such quadratic field is some \mathbf(\sqrt) where d is a (uniquely defined) square-free integer different from 0 a ...
, whereby multiplying D
24 by a
non-principal ideal of the ring of integers yields the Leech lattice.
Conway and
Sloane provided constructions of the Leech lattice from all other 23 Niemeier lattices.
There are 23 four-dimensional
crystal families within the classification of
space groups
In mathematics, physics and chemistry, a space group is the symmetry group of an object in space, usually in three dimensions. The elements of a space group (its symmetry operations) are the rigid transformations of an object that leave it unchan ...
. These are accompanied by 6
enantiomorphic
In chemistry, a molecule or ion is called chiral () if it cannot be superposed on its mirror image by any combination of rotations, translations, and some conformational changes. This geometric property is called chirality (). The terms are d ...
forms, which maximizes the total count to
29 crystal families.
There are 23
Coxeter group
In mathematics, a Coxeter group, named after H. S. M. Coxeter, is an abstract group that admits a formal description in terms of reflections (or kaleidoscopic mirrors). Indeed, the finite Coxeter groups are precisely the finite Euclidean refle ...
s of
paracompact hyperbolic honeycombs in the
third dimension, which generate
151
Year 151 (CLI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Condianus and Valerius (or, less frequently, year 904 ''Ab urbe cond ...
unique
Wythoffian constructions of paracompact honeycombs. There are also 23 four-dimensional Euclidean honeycombs that are generated from the
cubic group, and 23 five-dimensional
uniform polytopes generated from the
demihypercubic group.
In
two-dimensional
In mathematics, a plane is a Euclidean ( flat), two-dimensional surface that extends indefinitely. A plane is the two-dimensional analogue of a point (zero dimensions), a line (one dimension) and three-dimensional space. Planes can arise as ...
geometry, the regular 23-sided
icositrigon
In geometry, an icositrigon (or icosikaitrigon) or 23-gon is a 23-sided polygon. The icositrigon has the distinction of being the smallest regular polygon that is not neusis constructible.
Regular icositrigon
A '' regular icositrigon'' is repre ...
is the first regular polygon that is not constructible with a
compass and straight edge or with the aide of an
angle trisector
Angle trisection is a classical problem of straightedge and compass construction of ancient Greek mathematics. It concerns construction of an angle equal to one third of a given arbitrary angle, using only two tools: an unmarked straightedge and ...
(since it is neither a
Fermat prime
In mathematics, a Fermat number, named after Pierre de Fermat, who first studied them, is a positive integer of the form
:F_ = 2^ + 1,
where ''n'' is a non-negative integer. The first few Fermat numbers are:
: 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537, 429496 ...
nor a
Pierpont prime
In number theory, a Pierpont prime is a prime number of the form
2^u\cdot 3^v + 1\,
for some nonnegative integers and . That is, they are the prime numbers for which is 3-smooth. They are named after the mathematician James Pierpont, who use ...
), nor by
neusis
In geometry, the neusis (; ; plural: grc, νεύσεις, neuseis, label=none) is a geometric construction method that was used in antiquity by Greek mathematics, Greek mathematicians.
Geometric construction
The neusis construction consists ...
or a double-notched straight edge. It is also not constructible with
origami
) is the Japanese art of paper folding. In modern usage, the word "origami" is often used as an inclusive term for all folding practices, regardless of their culture of origin. The goal is to transform a flat square sheet of paper into a f ...
, however it is through other traditional methods for all regular polygons.
In science and technology
* The
atomic number
The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol ''Z'') of a chemical element is the charge number of an atomic nucleus. For ordinary nuclei, this is equal to the proton number (''n''p) or the number of protons found in the nucleus of every ...
of
vanadium
Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery-grey, malleable transition metal. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer ( pas ...
.
* The
atomic mass number
The mass number (symbol ''A'', from the German word ''Atomgewicht'' tomic weight, also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. It is approxim ...
of the
stable isotope
The term stable isotope has a meaning similar to stable nuclide, but is preferably used when speaking of nuclides of a specific element. Hence, the plural form stable isotopes usually refers to isotopes of the same element. The relative abundanc ...
of
sodium
Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na (from Latin ''natrium'') and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table. Its only stable ...
.
* Normal human
sex cells
Sex is the trait that determines whether a sexually reproducing animal or plant produces male or female gametes. Male plants and animals produce smaller mobile gametes (spermatozoa, sperm, pollen), while females produce larger ones ( ova, of ...
have 23
chromosome
A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are ...
s. Other human cells have 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.
* Scientific notation for the
Avogadro constant
The Avogadro constant, commonly denoted or , is the proportionality factor that relates the number of constituent particles (usually molecules, atoms or ions) in a sample with the amount of substance in that sample. It is an SI defining c ...
is written as .
* 23 is the width of the
Arecibo message, sent to space in search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
* 23 is the
TCP/IP
The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria. The foundational protocols in the suit ...
port used for
telnet
Telnet is an application protocol used on the Internet or local area network to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection. User data is interspersed in-band with Telnet contr ...
and is the default for the telnet command.
* The
earth's axis is tilted at approximately 23°.
In religion
* In
Biblical numerology
Biblical numerology is the use of numerology in the Bible to convey a meaning outside of the numerical value of the actual number being used. Numerological values in the Bible often relate to a wider usage in the Ancient Near East.
Values
*''Th ...
, it is associated with
Psalm 23
Psalm 23 is the 23rd psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "The Lord is my shepherd". In Latin, it is known by the incipit, "". The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a boo ...
, also known as the Shepherd Psalm. It is possibly the most quoted and best known Psalm. Psalms is also the 23rd book in the
Douay–Rheims Bible
The Douay–Rheims Bible (, ), also known as the Douay–Rheims Version, Rheims–Douai Bible or Douai Bible, and abbreviated as D–R, DRB, and DRV, is a translation of the Bible from the Latin Vulgate into English made by member ...
.
* In Islam, the
Qur'an
The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. It is organized in 114 chapters (pl.: , s ...
was revealed in a total of 23 years to Muhammed.
* Muslims believe the first verses of the Qur'an were revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad on the 23rd night of the 9th Islamic month.
* ''
Principia Discordia
The ''Principia Discordia'' is the first published Discordian religious text. It was written by Greg Hill ( Malaclypse the Younger) with Kerry Wendell Thornley (Lord Omar Khayyam Ravenhurst) and others. The first edition was printed allegedly usi ...
'', the sacred text of
Discordianism, holds that 23 (along with the discordian prime
5) is one of the sacred numbers of
Eris, goddess of discord.
In popular culture
Music
*
Alfred Harth uses the number 23 in his artist name Alfred 23 Harth, or A23H, since the year 1+9+8+5 = 23.
* ''
Twentythree'' is the name of Tristan Prettyman's debut album
* ''Twentythree'' an album by
Carbon Based Lifeforms
* "''Viginti Tres''" (Latin for twenty-three) is a song by
Tool
A tool is an object that can extend an individual's ability to modify features of the surrounding environment or help them accomplish a particular task. Although many animals use simple tools, only human beings, whose use of stone tools dates ba ...
on their album ''
10,000 Days''
*
Blink-182
Blink-182 (stylized as blink-182) is an American rock band formed in Poway, California in 1992. Their current lineup consists of bassist/vocalist Mark Hoppus, guitarist/vocalist Tom DeLonge, and drummer Travis Barker. Though their sound has ...
's song "What's My Age Again?" includes the lyrics "nobody likes you when you're 23."
* ''
23'' is an album and title track by Blonde Redhead
* "23" is a song by Jimmy Eat World, on their album ''
Futures
Futures may mean:
Finance
*Futures contract, a tradable financial derivatives contract
*Futures exchange, a financial market where futures contracts are traded
* ''Futures'' (magazine), an American finance magazine
Music
* ''Futures'' (album), a ...
''. The number also appears in the songs "Christmas Card" and "12."23".95" as well as on some items of clothing produced by the band.
*
Four tet
Kieran Hebden (born September 1977), known as Four Tet, is an English electronic musician. He came to prominence as a member of the post-rock band Fridge before establishing himself as a solo artist with charting UK albums such as '' Rounds'' ...
and
Yellowcard
Yellowcard is an American rock band that formed in Jacksonville, Florida, in 1997 and was based in Los Angeles beginning in 2000. The band is recognized for having a distinct sound in their genre, primarily due to the prominent use of a violin ...
both have songs titled "Twenty-Three".
* ''
Dear 23
''Dear 23'' is the second album by Seattle Alternative rock/ grunge/power pop band The Posies. The album was rereleased by Omnivore Recordings in 2018.
The first single was " Golden Blunders," which was later covered by Ringo Starr. "Apology" ap ...
'', an album by The Posies
* ''
Untitled 23'', an album by
The Church
*
Noah23
Noah Raymond Brickley (born February 10, 1978), better known by his stage name Noah23, is a Canadian-American hip hop artist from Guelph, Ontario. He is co-founder of the Plague Language collective and record label, and has been described as "one ...
has several albums which reference the number 23.
* "23 Minutes in Brussels", a song by
Luna
Luna commonly refers to:
* Earth's Moon, named "Luna" in Latin
* Luna (goddess), the ancient Roman personification of the Moon
Luna may also refer to:
Places Philippines
* Luna, Apayao
* Luna, Isabela
* Luna, La Union
* Luna, San Jose
Roma ...
on their album ''
Penthouse
Penthouse most often refers to:
*Penthouse apartment, a special apartment on the top floor of a building
*Penthouse (magazine), ''Penthouse'' (magazine), a British-founded men's magazine
*Mechanical penthouse, a floor, typically located directly u ...
''.
* The composer
Alban Berg had a particular interest in the number 23, using it to structure several works. Various suggestions have been made as to the reason for this interest: that he took it from the
Biorhythms
The biorhythm theory is the pseudoscientific idea that our daily lives are significantly affected by rhythmic cycles with periods of exactly 23, 28 and 33 days,. typically a 23-day physical cycle, a 28-day emotional cycle, and a 33-day intellec ...
theory of Wilhelm Fliess, in which a 23-day cycle is considered significant, or because he first suffered an asthma attack on 23rd of the month.
* "23 (Mike Will Made It song), 23" is a single by Mike Will Made It
* On the cover of The Beatles' 1969 album ''Yellow Submarine (album), Yellow Submarine'' the number 23 is displayed on the chest of one of the Blue Meanies (Yellow Submarine), Blue Meanies.
* Network 23 (record label), Network 23 refers to members of the Spiral Tribe. Sometimes 23 used to discretely mark the spots of a freetekno rave.
* The number 23 is used a lot throughout the visuals and music by the band Gorillaz, who have even devoted a whole page of their autobiography ''Rise Of The Ogre'' to the 23 enigma theory.
Film and television
* ''23 (film), 23'' is a German film about Hagbard (Karl Koch), Karl Koch.
* In ''Jeepers Creepers (2001 film), Jeepers Creepers'', the Creeper appears every 23 years for 23 days to feast on human flesh.
* In ''L: Change the World'', the protagonist L (Death Note), L signs his own name in the ''Death Note'' notebook and somehow knows that he has given himself 23 days to live, revealing a 23-day rule for the maximum number of days a person may live after they are added to the Japanese god of death's Death Note.
* The 1980s TV series ''Max Headroom (TV series), Max Headroom'' was set at Network 23.
* In ''The Big Lebowski'', the main characters deliberately use only lane 23 at the bowling alley.
* In ''The Matrix Reloaded'', the Architect tells Neo (The Matrix), Neo it is of utmost importance to choose 23 people to repopulate Zion.
* In the TV series ''Lost (TV series), Lost'', 23 is one of the Mythology of Lost#The Numbers, 6 reoccurring numbers (4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42) that appear frequently throughout the show.
* ''The Number 23'' is a 2007 film starring Jim Carrey about a man who becomes obsessed with the 23 enigma.
Other fields
* 23 skidoo (phrase) (sometimes 23 skiddoo) is an American slang phrase popularized during the early 20th century. 23 skidoo has been described as "perhaps the first truly national fad expression and one of the most popular fad expressions to appear in the U.S".
* The 23 enigma, proposed by William S. Burroughs plays a prominent role in the plot of ''the Illuminatus! Trilogy'' by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson.
* ''The 23'', in South Africa, refers to the 23 conscientious objectors who publicly refused to do military service in the Apartheid army in 1987. The following years the number increased to 143 (in 1988) and 771 (in 1989), with Apartheid being dismantled from 1990 onwards.
* X-23 is a character in the Marvel Universe. She is named for being the 23rd attempt to create a female genetic twin of Wolverine (character), Wolverine after attempts to create a male clone failed.
* 23 is the number of times Assassination of Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar was stabbed in the Theatre of Pompey.
In sports
* Each national team competing in the FIFA World Cup or FIFA Women's World Cup is allowed a 23-player squad. This squad size has been in place since 2002 FIFA World Cup, 2002 for men and 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, 2015 for women.
* Nissan typically uses this number for their Nismo, Motorsport manufacturer teams, as the numbers 2 and 3 are pronounced "ni" and "san" in Japanese language, Japanese.
* 23 was basketball legend Michael Jordan's jersey number prior to his first retirement, then his chosen number again when he came out of retirement after a brief stint wearing the number 45.
*23 was also the jersey number of Los Angeles Lakers small forward LeBron James, however he changed it to 6 in the 2021–22 NBA season.
* The maximum number of players on an NHL roster.
References
External links
23 facts, 23 images, 23 gallery, and links to other 23's
{{Integers, zero
Integers