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The Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXI, alternatively 21st Dynasty or Dynasty 21) is usually classified as the first Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian
Third Intermediate Period The Third Intermediate Period of ancient Egypt began with the death of Pharaoh Ramesses XI in 1077 BC, which ended the New Kingdom, and was eventually followed by the Late Period. Various points are offered as the beginning for the latt ...
, lasting from 1077 BC to 943 BC.


History

After the reign of
Ramesses III Usermaatre Meryamun Ramesses III (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt. He is thought to have reigned from 26 March 1186 to 15 April 1155 BC and is considered to be the last great monar ...
, a long, slow decline of royal power in
Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
followed. The pharaohs of the Twenty-first Dynasty ruled from
Tanis Tanis ( grc, Τάνις or Τανέως ) or San al-Hagar ( ar, صان الحجر, Ṣān al-Ḥaǧar; egy, ḏꜥn.t ; ; cop, ϫⲁⲛⲓ or or ) is the Greek name for ancient Egyptian ''ḏꜥn.t'', an important archaeological site in the ...
, but were mostly active only in
Lower Egypt Lower Egypt ( ar, مصر السفلى '; ) is the northernmost region of Egypt, which consists of the fertile Nile Delta between Upper Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea, from El Aiyat, south of modern-day Cairo, and Dahshur. Historically, ...
, which they controlled. This dynasty is described as 'Tanite' because its political capital was based at Tanis. Meanwhile, the
High Priests of Amun at Thebes The High Priest of Amun or First Prophet of Amun (''wikt:ḥm#Egyptian, ḥm wikt:nṯr#Egyptian, nṯr wikt:tpj#Egyptian, tpj n wikt:jmn#Egyptian, jmn'') was the highest-ranking priest in the priesthood of the ancient Egyptian deities, ancient E ...
effectively ruled Middle and Upper Egypt in all but name. The later Egyptian Priest
Manetho Manetho (; grc-koi, Μανέθων ''Manéthōn'', ''gen''.: Μανέθωνος) is believed to have been an Egyptian priest from Sebennytos ( cop, Ϫⲉⲙⲛⲟⲩϯ, translit=Čemnouti) who lived in the Ptolemaic Kingdom in the early third ...
of Sebennytos states in his Epitome on Egyptian royal history that "the 21st Dynasty of Egypt lasted for 130 years".Kenneth A. Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC), 3rd edition, 1986, Warminster: Aris & Phillips Ltd, p.531


Pharaohs of the 21st Dynasty


Timeline of the 21st Dynasty

ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:100 bottom:100 right:100 left:100 AlignBars = early DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:-1077 till:-925 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-1077 Colors = id:canvas value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97) id:PA value:green id:GP value:red Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Rulers PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:Rulers from: -1077 till: -1051 color:PA text:"
Smendes Hedjkheperre Setepenre Smendes was the founder of the Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt and succeeded to the throne after burying Ramesses XI in Lower Egypt – territory which he controlled. His Egyptian nomen or birth name was actually Nesban ...
(
1077 BC The 1070s BC is a decade which lasted from 1079 BC to 1070 BC. Events and trends * 1079 BC—Death of Zhou cheng wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. * 1078 BC— Zhou kang wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. * c. 1075 BC— Ne ...
– 1051 BC)" from: -1051 till: -1047 color:PA text:"
Amenemnisu Neferkare Amenemnisu was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the second king of the 21st Dynasty. Reign Amenemnisu's existence was only confirmed in 1940 when the Tanite tomb of his successor Psusennes I was discovered by Pierre Montet: a gold bow ca ...
( 1051 BC – 1047 BC)" from: -1047 till: -1001 color:PA text:"
Psusennes I Psusennes I ( egy, pꜣ-sbꜣ-ḫꜥ-n-njwt; Greek Ψουσέννης) was the third pharaoh of the 21st Dynasty who ruled from Tanis between 1047 and 1001 BC. ''Psusennes'' is the Greek version of his original name Pasibkhanu or Pasebakhaenniut ...
( 1047 BC – 1001 BC)" from: -1001 till: -992 color:PA text:" Amenemope ( 1001 BC – 992 BC)" from: -992 till: -986 color:PA text:"
Osorkon the Elder Aakheperre Setepenre Osorkon the Elder was the fifth king of the 21st Dynasty of Ancient Egypt and was the first Pharaoh of Meshwesh ( Ancient Libyan) origin. He is also sometimes known as Osochor, following Manetho's ''Aegyptiaca''. Biograph ...
( 992 BC – 986 BC)" from: -986 till: -967 color:PA text:"
Siamun Neterkheperre or Netjerkheperre-Setepenamun Siamun was the sixth pharaoh of Egypt during the Twenty-first Dynasty. He built extensively in Lower Egypt for a king of the Third Intermediate Period and is regarded as one of the most powerful ruler ...
( 986 BC –
967 BC The 960s BC is a decade which lasted from 969 BC to 960 BC. Events and trends * 967 BC—Tiglath-Pileser II becomes King of Assyria. * 967 BC— Solomon becomes king of the Israelites. ( 962 BC—traditional date) * 965 BC—David, king of the ...
)" from: -967 till: -943 color:PA text:"
Psusennes II Titkheperure or Tyetkheperre Psusennes II Greek_language.html" "title="/nowiki>Greek language">Greek Ψουσέννης] or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II gyptian language, Egyptian ''ḥr-p3-sb3-ḫˁỉ--nỉwt'' was the last Pharaoh, king of the ...
(
967 BC The 960s BC is a decade which lasted from 969 BC to 960 BC. Events and trends * 967 BC—Tiglath-Pileser II becomes King of Assyria. * 967 BC— Solomon becomes king of the Israelites. ( 962 BC—traditional date) * 965 BC—David, king of the ...
– 943 BC)" barset:skip


Footnotes

{{reflist


Further reading

* Jaroslav Černý, Studies in the Chronology of the Twenty-First Dynasty,
JEA Kim Hyo-jin (Hangul: 김효진; born September 18, 1981) better known by her stage name JeA is a South Korean singer and songwriter. She is best known as the leader of South Korean girl group Brown Eyed Girls. As a solo artist, she has contri ...
32 (1946), 24-30


See also

*
Family tree of the Twenty-first, Twenty-second, and Twenty-third Dynasties of Egypt The Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt, Twenty-first, Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt, Twenty-second, and Twenty-third dynasty of Egypt, Twenty-third Dynasties ruled Egypt from the 10th century through the 8th century BC. The family tree of the Twenty-f ...
*
Theban High Priests of Amun The High Priest of Amun or First Prophet of Amun (''wikt:ḥm#Egyptian, ḥm wikt:nṯr#Egyptian, nṯr wikt:tpj#Egyptian, tpj n wikt:jmn#Egyptian, jmn'') was the highest-ranking priest in the priesthood of the ancient Egyptian deities, ancient E ...


External links

* http://www.narmer.pl/dyn/21en.htm States and territories established in the 11th century BC States and territories disestablished in the 10th century BC 21 Nile Delta 11th century BC in Egypt 10th century BC in Egypt 11th-century BC establishments in Egypt 10th-century BC disestablishments in Egypt 21 21 Tanis