A referendum on the legality of abortion was held in

San Marino San Marino (, ), officially the Republic of San Marino ( it, Repubblica di San Marino; ), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino ( it, Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino, links=no), is the fifth-smallest country in the world an ...

on 26 September 2021. The result was an overwhelming vote in favour of legalisation.

Background

Abortion Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus. An abortion that occurs without intervention is known as a miscarriage or "spontaneous abortion"; these occur in approximately 30% to 40% of pregn ...

was banned under any circumstance in Sammarinese law (Articles 153 and 154 of the Criminal Code), making it one of four European countries, along with

Malta Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...

Andorra , image_flag = Flag of Andorra.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Andorra.svg , symbol_type = Coat of arms , national_motto = la, Virtus Unita Fortior, label=none (Latin)"United virtue is stro ...

and the

Vatican City Vatican City (), officially the Vatican City State ( it, Stato della Città del Vaticano; la, Status Civitatis Vaticanae),—' * german: Vatikanstadt, cf. '—' (in Austria: ') * pl, Miasto Watykańskie, cf. '—' * pt, Cidade do Vati ...

where similar laws were in place. Abortions in cases of endangering the life of the mother were de facto allowed out of medical necessity, however, despite this exception not being explicitly mentioned in the legislation. Punishment for violation of the law was a sentence of three to five years in prison. Those seeking abortions could go to neighbouring Italy (where abortion is legal since 1978), but for a cost of 2000 to 2500

euro The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...

s, not reimbursed by the Sammarinese healthcare as it was illegal at home. The referendum question was published on 15 March 2021 after the RETE Movement and the Women's Union of San Marino.. collected enough signatures (equivalent to 3% of registered voters) under the law permitting referendums passed in 1994.San_Marino,_national_Popular_or_citizens_initiative_[PCI
-_Referendum_propositivo.html" ;"title="CI">San Marino, national Popular or citizens initiative [PCI
- Referendum propositivo">CI">San Marino, national Popular or citizens initiative [PCI
- Referendum propositivo/ref> Before the referendum, the last attempt to legalise abortion in some form was in 1974, which was rejected..

Results

The referendum passed despite being strongly opposed by the Catholic church, with the Bishop of San Marino, Andrea Turazzi, expressing that the church was "decidedly against" the proposal. Turnout was 41.1%, slightly lower than the 2019 Sammarinese referendum, 2019 referendum which amended electoral and anti-discrimination laws.

Consequences

The referendum proposed legalising abortion up to the 12th week of gestation, or if the pregnancy poses a risk to the woman's life or if there are "abnormalities and malformations of the fetus that pose a serious risk to the physical or psychological health of the woman".. With the passage of the referendum, the San Marino parliament was required to pass a law to enact its result. The law entered into force on 12 September 2022.Law no. 127 – Regulation of the voluntary interruption of pregnancy
Grand and General Council, 7 September 2022 . San Marino was one of the last European states where abortion remained criminalised without explicit exception (along with Andorra, Malta and Vatican City), and thus joined other European Catholic countries like Ireland, where a 2018 referendum also approved allowing the procedure.

References

{{Sammarinese elections

Referendums in San Marino 2021 in San Marino Abortion referendums