2012 Term United States Supreme Court Opinions Of Antonin Scalia

{{SCOTUS-justice-listframe , firstname=Antonin , lastname=Scalia , image=File:Antonin Scalia, SCOTUS photo portrait.jpg , term=2012 , tenurecount=twenty-seventh , startdate=October 1, 2012 , enddate=October 6, 2013 , majority=8 , concurrence=5 , concurrencedissent=1 , dissent=12 , other=0 , benchcount=24 , relatingtoorders=2 , inchambers=0 , unanimous=2 , mostjoinedby=Thomas (16) , leastjoinedby=Breyer (4) , url-courtopinions=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/slipopinion/12 , url-relatingtoorders=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/relatingtoorders/12 , url-inchambers=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/in-chambers/12 , accessdate=October 7, 2013 , opinionstemplate=Antonin Scalia opinions , courttemplate=SCOTUSterm2010-2015 , entries= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=01 , case=United States v. Bormes , type=majority , volume=568 , page=6 , pinpoint=7–16 , year=2012 , wikisource=United States v. Bormes/Opinion of the Court , issues= Fair Credit Reporting Act {{* Little Tucker Act {{* waiver of

sovereign immunity Sovereign immunity, or crown immunity, is a legal doctrine whereby a sovereign or state cannot commit a legal wrong and is immune from civil suit or criminal prosecution, strictly speaking in modern texts in its own courts. A similar, stronger ...

, joined=Unanimous , summary=Scalia's unanimous opinion for the Court held that the Little Tucker Act had no applicability to claims brought under the FCRA. The purpose of the Little Tucker Act was to provide judicial remedies for claims against the federal government that were authorized by statutes that did not provide a method for enforcement. As such, it is a gap-filling statute, and so the Court ruled that its provisions do not apply when another statute itself sets forth the conditions by which it is to be enforced, as the FCRA does. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=02 , case-article=Smith v. United States (2013) , case-display=Smith v. United States , type=majority , volume=568 , page=106 , pinpoint=107–14 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues=withdrawal from a

conspiracy A conspiracy, also known as a plot, is a secret plan or agreement between persons (called conspirers or conspirators) for an unlawful or harmful purpose, such as murder or treason, especially with political motivation, while keeping their agree ...

affirmative defense An affirmative defense to a civil lawsuit or criminal charge is a fact or set of facts other than those alleged by the plaintiff or prosecutor which, if proven by the defendant, defeats or mitigates the legal consequences of the defendant's o ...

{{* burden of proof {{*

Due Process Clause In United States constitutional law, a Due Process Clause is found in both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, which prohibits arbitrary deprivation of "life, liberty, or property" by the government except as ...

, joined=Unanimous , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=03 , case-article=Bailey v. United States (2013) , case-display=Bailey v. United States , type=concurrence , volume=568 , page=186 , pinpoint=203–06 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues= Fourth Amendment {{* detention incident to the execution of a

search warrant A search warrant is a court order that a magistrate or judge issues to authorize law enforcement officers to conduct a search of a person, location, or vehicle for evidence of a crime and to confiscate any evidence they find. In most countries, ...

, joined=Ginsburg, Kagan , otheropinion1author=Kennedy , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Bailey v. United States , otheropinion2author=Breyer , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Bailey v. United States , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=04 , case-article=Henderson v. United States (2013) , case-display=Henderson v. United States , type=dissent , volume=568 , page=266 , pinpoint=280–88 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues= Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure {{* Rule 52(b) {{*

plain error The scope of review refers generally to the right to have an issue raised on appeal. It entails whether an issue was preserved by or available to an appellant on appeal. Scope of review is to the appellate court what the burden of proof is to the t ...

, joined=Thomas, Alito , otheropinion1author=Breyer , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Henderson v. United States , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=05 , case=Johnson v. Williams , type=concurrence , volume=568 , page=289 , pinpoint=306–12 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues= Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 {{*

habeas corpus ''Habeas corpus'' (; from Medieval Latin, ) is a recourse in law through which a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person, usually a prison official, t ...

{{* presumption of adjudication on the merits , joined= , otheropinion1author=Alito , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito#Johnson v. Williams , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=06 , case=Amgen Inc. v. Connecticut Retirement Plans and Trust Funds , type=dissent , volume=568 , page=455 , pinpoint=483–86 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues=

securities fraud Securities fraud, also known as stock fraud and investment fraud, is a deceptive practice in the stock or commodities markets that induces investors to make purchase or sale decisions on the basis of false information, frequently resulting in los ...

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Securities Exchange Act of 1934 The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (also called the Exchange Act, '34 Act, or 1934 Act) (, codified at et seq.) is a law governing the secondary trading of securities (stocks, bonds, and debentures) in the United States of America. A landma ...

§10(b) {{*

SEC Rule 10b-5 SEC Rule 10b-5, codified at , is one of the most important rules targeting securities fraud promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, pursuant to its authority granted under § 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The rule ...

{{* fraud-on-the-market theory {{* materiality {{*

class certification A class action, also known as a class-action lawsuit, class suit, or representative action, is a type of lawsuit where one of the parties is a group of people who are represented collectively by a member or members of that group. The class action ...

, joined= , summary= , otheropinion1author=Ginsburg , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Ruth Bader Ginsburg#Amgen Inc. v. Connecticut Retirement Plans and Trust Funds , otheropinion2author=Alito , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito#Amgen Inc. v. Connecticut Retirement Plans and Trust Funds , otheropinion3author=Thomas , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Amgen Inc. v. Connecticut Retirement Plans and Trust Funds {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=07 , case=Decker v. Northwest Environmental Defense Center , type=concurrencedissent , volume=568 , page=597 , pinpoint=616–26 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues=

Clean Water Act The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water pollution. Its objective is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters; recognizing the responsibiliti ...

{{* Industrial Stormwater rule , joined= , otheropinion1author=Kennedy , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Decker v. Northwest Environmental Defense Center , otheropinion2author=Roberts , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Decker v. Northwest Environmental Defense Center , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=08 , case1=Haynes v. Thaler , type=dissent , volume=568 , page=970 , pinpoint=971–73 , year=2012 , wikisource=Haynes v. Thaler/Dissent Scalia , issues=

ineffective assistance of counsel In United States law, ineffective assistance of counsel (IAC) is a claim raised by a convicted criminal defendant asserting that the defendant's legal counsel performed so ineffectively that it deprived the defendant of the constitutional right gua ...

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procedural default Procedural default is a concept in American federal law that requires a state prisoner seeking a writ of ''habeas corpus ''Habeas corpus'' (; from Medieval Latin, ) is a recourse in law through which a person can report an unlawful deten ...

, joined=Thomas, Alito , summary=Scalia dissented from the Court's granting of a stay of execution. , otheropinion1author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion1type=other , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Haynes v. Thaler {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=09 , case=Florida v. Jardines , type=majority , volume=569 , page=1 , pinpoint=3–12 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues= Fourth Amendment {{*

detection dog A detection dog or sniffer dog is a dog that is trained to use its senses to detect substances such as explosives, illegal drugs, wildlife scat, currency, blood, and contraband electronics such as illicit mobile phones. The sense most used by d ...

s {{* curtilage , joined=Thomas, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, Kagan , otheropinion1author=Kagan , , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Elena Kagan#Florida v. Jardines , otheropinion2author=Alito , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito#Florida v. Jardines , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=10 , case=Comcast Corp. v. Behrend , type=majority , volume=569 , page=27 , pinpoint=29–38 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues= antitrust law {{* class action certification , joined=Roberts, Kennedy, Thomas, Alito , otheropinion1author=Ginsburg and Breyer , , otheropinion1type=dissent , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Ruth Bader Ginsburg#Comcast Corp. v. Behrend , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=11 , case=US Airways, Inc. v. McCutchen , type=dissent , volume=569 , page=88 , pinpoint=106–07 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues= Employee Retirement Income Security Act {{* health plan reimbursement from recovery from third parties {{*

unjust enrichment In laws of equity, unjust enrichment occurs when one person is enriched at the expense of another in circumstances that the law sees as unjust. Where an individual is unjustly enriched, the law imposes an obligation upon the recipient to make res ...

{{* double-recovery rule {{* common-fund doctrine , joined=Roberts, Thomas, Alito , summary= , otheropinion1author=Kagan , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Elena Kagan#US Airways, Inc. v. McCutchen {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=12 , case=Arlington v. FCC , type=majority , volume=569 , page=290 , pinpoint=293–307 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues=

Telecommunications Act of 1996 The Telecommunications Act of 1996 is a United States federal law enacted by the 104th United States Congress on January 3, 1996, and signed into law on February 8, 1996, by President Bill Clinton. It primarily amended Chapter 5 of Title 47 of t ...

{{* ''Chevron'' deference to agency interpretation of its own statutory jurisdiction , joined=Thomas, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, Kagan , summary= , otheropinion1author=Breyer , , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Arlington v. FCC , otheropinion2author=Roberts , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Arlington v. FCC {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=13 , case=McQuiggin v. Perkins , type=dissent , volume=569 , page=383 , pinpoint=401–12 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues= Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 {{* actual innocence {{*

miscarriage of justice A miscarriage of justice occurs when a grossly unfair outcome occurs in a criminal procedure, criminal or civil procedure, civil proceeding, such as the conviction and punishment of a person for a crime they actual innocence, did not commit. Mis ...

, joined=Roberts, Thomas; Alito (in part) , otheropinion1author=Ginsburg , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Ruth Bader Ginsburg#McQuiggin v. Perkins , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=14 , case=Trevino v. Thaler , type=dissent , volume=569 , page=413 , pinpoint=434 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues=

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, joined=Thomas , otheropinion1author=Breyer , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Trevino v. Thaler , otheropinion2author=Roberts , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Trevino v. Thaler , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=15 , case=Maryland v. King , type=dissent , volume=569 , page=435 , pinpoint=466–82 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues= Fourth Amendment {{*

DNA profiling DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's DNA characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding. DNA profiling is a forensic tec ...

of arrestees {{*

warrantless search A search warrant is a court order that a magistrate or judge issues to authorize law enforcement officers to conduct a search of a person, location, or vehicle for evidence of a crime and to confiscate any evidence they find. In most countries, ...

, joined=Ginsburg, Sotomayor, Kagan , summary= , otheropinion1author=Kennedy , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Maryland v. King {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=16 , case=Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc. , type=concurrence , volume=569 , page=576 , pinpoint=596 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues=

patent law A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A p ...

{{* gene patents {{* DNA extraction {{* BRCA mutation , joined= , summary= , otheropinion1author=Thomas , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=17 , case=United States v. Davila , type=concurrence , volume=569 , page=597 , pinpoint=613 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues= Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Rule 11 {{* vacatur of

guilty plea In legal terms, a plea is simply an answer to a claim made by someone in a criminal case under common law (legal system), common law using the adversarial system. Colloquially, a plea has come to mean the assertion by a defendant at arraignment ...

s {{* prejudicial error , joined=Thomas , otheropinion1author=Ginsburg , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Ruth Bader Ginsburg#United States v. Davilos , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=18 , case=Arizona v. Inter Tribal Council of Ariz., Inc. , type=majority , volume=570 , page=1 , pinpoint=4–20 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues=

National Voter Registration Act of 1993 The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA), also known as the Motor Voter Act, is a United States federal law signed into law by President Bill Clinton on May 20, 1993, that came into effect on January 1, 1995. The law was enacted und ...

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Elections Clause Article One of the United States Constitution establishes the legislative branch of the federal government, the United States Congress. Under Article One, Congress is a bicameral legislature consisting of the House of Representatives and the Sena ...

{{* Arizona Proposition 200 (2004) , joined=Roberts, Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, Kagan; Kennedy (in part) , otheropinion1author=Kennedy , , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Arizona v. Inter Tribal Council of Ariz., Inc. , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Arizona v. Inter Tribal Council of Ariz., Inc. , otheropinion3author=Alito , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito#Arizona v. Inter Tribal Council of Ariz., Inc. , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=19 , case-article=USAID v. Alliance for Open Society (2013) , case-display=Agency for Int'l Development v. Alliance for Open Society Int'l, Inc. , type=dissent , volume=570 , page=205 , pinpoint=221–27 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues= United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 {{*

Spending Clause The Taxing and Spending Clause (which contains provisions known as the General Welfare Clause and the Uniformity Clause), Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 of the United States Constitution, grants the federal government of the United States its p ...

{{* conditions imposed on recipients of federal funding {{*

First Amendment First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and rec ...

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free speech Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. The rights, right to freedom of expression has been ...

, joined=Thomas , otheropinion1author=Roberts , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Agency for Int'l Development v. Alliance for Open Society Int'l, Inc. , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=20 , case=American Express Co. v. Italian Colors Restaurant , type=majority , volume=570 , page=228 , pinpoint=231–39 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues=

Federal Arbitration Act The United States Arbitration Act (, codified at ), more commonly referred to as the Federal Arbitration Act or FAA, is an act of Congress that provides for judicial facilitation of private dispute resolution through arbitration. It applies in bo ...

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Sherman Antitrust Act The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 (, ) is a United States antitrust law which prescribes the rule of free competition among those engaged in commerce. It was passed by Congress and is named for Senator John Sherman, its principal author. Th ...

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class action A class action, also known as a class-action lawsuit, class suit, or representative action, is a type of lawsuit where one of the parties is a group of people who are represented collectively by a member or members of that group. The class actio ...

, joined=Roberts, Kennedy, Thomas, Alito , otheropinion1author=Thomas , , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#American Express Co. v. Italian Colors Restaurant , otheropinion2author=Kagan , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Elena Kagan#American Express Co. v. Italian Colors Restaurant , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=21 , case-article=Fisher v. University of Texas (2013) , case-display=Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin , type=concurrence , volume=570 , page=297 , pinpoint=315 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues= affirmative action {{* race as factor in college admissions {{* Fourteenth Amendment {{*

Equal Protection Clause The Equal Protection Clause is part of the first section of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The clause, which took effect in 1868, provides "''nor shall any State ... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal ...

, joined= , otheropinion1author=Kennedy , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin , otheropinion3author=Ginsburg , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Ruth Bader Ginsburg#Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=22 , case=United States v. Kebodeaux , type=dissent , volume=570 , page=387 , pinpoint=406 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues=

Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act is a federal statute that was signed into law by U.S. President George W. Bush on July 27, 2006. The Walsh Act organizes sex offenders into three tiers according to the crime committed, and mand ...

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Necessary and Proper Clause The Necessary and Proper Clause, also known as the Elastic Clause, is a clause in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution: Since the landmark decision '' McCulloch v. Maryland'', the US Supreme Court has ruled that this clause gr ...

, joined= , otheropinion1author=Breyer , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#United States v. Kebodeaux , otheropinion2author=Roberts , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#United States v. Kebodeaux , otheropinion3author=Alito , , otheropinion3type=concurrence , , otheropinion3link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito#United States v. Kebodeaux , otheropinion4author=Thomas , , otheropinion4type=dissent , , otheropinion4link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#United States v. Kebodeaux , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=23 , case=Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl , type=dissent , volume=570 , page=637 , pinpoint=667–68 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues=

Indian Child Welfare Act The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (ICWA) ((), codified at Indian Child Welfare Act, (, )) is a United States federal law that governs jurisdiction over the removal of American Indian children from their families in custody, foster care and ...

{{* termination of

parental rights A parent is a caregiver of the offspring in their own species. In humans, a parent is the caretaker of a child (where "child" refers to offspring, not necessarily age). A ''biological parent'' is a person whose gamete resulted in a child, a male ...

, joined= , otheropinion1author=Alito , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito#Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl , otheropinion3author=Breyer , , otheropinion3type=concurrence , , otheropinion3link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl , otheropinion4author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion4type=dissent , , otheropinion4link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=24 , case=Sekhar v. United States , type=majority , volume=570 , page=729 , pinpoint=730–38 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues=

Hobbs Act The Hobbs Act, named after United States Representative Sam Hobbs ( D- AL) and codified at , is a United States federal law enacted in 1946 that provides: Section 1951 also proscribes conspiracy to commit robbery or extortion without referen ...

{{* definition of

extortion Extortion is the practice of obtaining benefit through coercion. In most jurisdictions it is likely to constitute a criminal offence; the bulk of this article deals with such cases. Robbery is the simplest and most common form of extortion, ...

, joined=Roberts, Thomas, Ginsburg, Breyer, Kagan , otheropinion1author=Alito , , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito#Sekhar v. United States , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=25 , case=United States v. Windsor , type=dissent , volume=570 , page=744 , pinpoint=778–802 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues= Fifth Amendment {{* equal protection {{* Defense of Marriage Act {{*

same-sex marriage Same-sex marriage, also known as gay marriage, is the marriage of two people of the same Legal sex and gender, sex or gender. marriage between same-sex couples is legally performed and recognized in 33 countries, with the most recent being ...

, joined=Thomas; Roberts (in part) , otheropinion1author=Kennedy , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#United States v. Windsor , otheropinion2author=Roberts , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#United States v. Windsor , otheropinion3author=Alito , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2012 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito#United States v. Windsor , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=26 , case=Brown v. Plata , type=dissent , volume=570 , page=938 , pinpoint=938–40 , year=2013 , wikisource= , issues=

Prison Litigation Reform Act The Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA), 42 U.S.C. § 1997e, is a U.S. federal law that was enacted in 1996. Congress enacted PLRA in response to a significant increase in prisoner litigation in the federal courts; the PLRA was designed to decrea ...

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prison overcrowding Prison overcrowding is a social phenomenon occurring when the demand for space in prisons in a jurisdiction exceeds the capacity for prisoners. The issues associated with prison overcrowding are not new, and have been brewing for many years. Dur ...

, joined=Thomas , summary=Scalia dissented from the Court's denial of an application for a stay.