2011 Bulgaria foot-and-mouth disease outbreak is an

outbreak In epidemiology, an outbreak is a sudden increase in occurrences of a disease when cases are in excess of normal expectancy for the location or season. It may affect a small and localized group or impact upon thousands of people across an entire ...

of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) occurring in Southeastern

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...

in 2011. FMD was first confirmed on 5 January 2011, in a

wild boar The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The species is ...

that had been shot on 30 December 2010. This animal is believed to have crossed the

n- Turkish border near the village of Kosti,

Burgas Province Burgas Province ( bg, Област Бургас, translit=Oblast Burgas, formerly the Burgas okrug) is a province in southeastern Bulgaria, including the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. The province is named after its administrative and ind ...

in the

Strandzha Mountains Strandzha ( bg, Странджа, also transliterated as ''Strandja'', ; tr, Istranca , or ) is a mountain massif in southeastern Bulgaria and the European part of Turkey. It is in the southeastern part of the Balkans between the plains of T ...

. A

necropsy An autopsy (post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death or to evaluate any di ...

revealed foot-and mouth disease. Following this, 37 infected animals were discovered in the village of Kosti, and all susceptible livestock there were

culled In biology, culling is the process of segregating organisms from a group according to desired or undesired characteristics. In animal breeding, it is the process of removing or segregating animals from a breeding stock based on a specific tr ...

and seven other neighbouring provinces declared a

quarantine A quarantine is a restriction on the movement of people, animals and goods which is intended to prevent the spread of disease or pests. It is often used in connection to disease and illness, preventing the movement of those who may have been ...

. On 14 January a new outbreak was suspected in the neighbouring village of

Rezovo Rezovo ( bg, Резово, ) is a village and seaside resort in southeastern Bulgaria, part of Tsarevo Municipality, Burgas Province, in the coastal Strandzha geographical region. Geography The village is in Strandzha Nature Park. Lying at th ...

. It is believed to have been carried by a Turkish

cattle Cattle (''Bos taurus'') are large, domesticated, cloven-hooved, herbivores. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus ''Bos''. Adult females are referred to as cows and adult ma ...

herd. On 17 January the presence of the disease was confirmed. The Bulgarian authorities ordered culling of all susceptible livestock in Rezovo. The losses in the two villages are promised to be compensated. The mayor of

Tsarevo Municipality Tsarevo Municipality ( bg, Община Царево, ) is a municipality in Burgas Province, Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situa ...

Petko Arnaudov proposed construction of a wire fence along the Turkish border to prevent further movement of diseased animals into Bulgaria. The proposal was accepted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The authorities ordered disinfection of all vehicles crossing from Turkey, where a major outbreak was occurring. On 31 January in the village of

Gramatikovo Gramatikovo ( bg, Граматиково) is a village in Malko Tarnovo Municipality, in Burgas Province, in southeastern Bulgaria. It is situated in Strandzha Nature Park. On 31 January 2011 a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak In epidemiology, ...

Malko Tarnovo Municipality Malko Tarnovo Municipality ( Bulgarian: Община Малко Търново, ''Obshtina Malko Tarnovo'') is a municipality in Burgas Province, Bulgaria. It includes the town of Malko Tarnovo Malko Tarnovo ( bg, Малко Търново , "Li ...

, which is located in the 10 km prevention zone around the first two outbreaks, a new outbreak was discovered. The blood tests found 13 animals infected with the disease. The authorities ordered culling of all susceptible livestock in the village, which consists of 149 animals - 1

cow Cattle (''Bos taurus'') are large, domesticated, cloven-hooved, herbivores. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus ''Bos''. Adult females are referred to as cows and adult ma ...

, 38

sheep Sheep or domestic sheep (''Ovis aries'') are domesticated, ruminant mammals typically kept as livestock. Although the term ''sheep'' can apply to other species in the genus '' Ovis'', in everyday usage it almost always refers to domesticated ...

and 110

goat The goat or domestic goat (''Capra hircus'') is a domesticated species of goat-antelope typically kept as livestock. It was domesticated from the wild goat (''C. aegagrus'') of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the a ...

s. The losses are promised to be compensated. On 25 March two new outbreaks were discovered in the villages of Granichar and Kirovo. The authorities ordered culling of 173 infected animals. The last new case was detected in April 2011; Bulgaria was declared FMD-free in July 2011. Prior to this outbreak, Bulgaria had not had a case of FMD since 1996.

References

{{Reflist Burgas Province 2011 in Bulgaria Foot-and-mouth outbreaks 2011 health disasters Disease outbreaks in Bulgaria