2009 Swine Flu Pandemic In Canada
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The 2009 swine flu pandemic in Canada was part of an epidemic in 2009 of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 causing what has been commonly called swine flu. In Canada, roughly 10% of the populace (or 3.5 million) has been infected with the virus, "Roughly 10 per cent of Canadians have been infected, and another 25 per cent have been immunized." "(In Canada alone, for example, an estimated 3.5 million people have been infected with the flu.) with 428 confirmed deaths (as of 20 February 2017); non-fatal individual cases are for the most part no longer being recorded. About 40% of Canadians have been immunized against H1N1 since a national vaccination campaign began in October 2009, with Canada among the countries in the world leading in the percentage of the population that has been vaccinated. The widespread effect of H1N1 in Canada raised concerns during the months leading to the XXI Olympic Winter Games, which took place in Vancouver in February 2010.http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/28102009/2/2010-athletes-spectators-urged-h1n1-shots.html


Human cases


Alberta

As of 9 April 2010, there were 1,278 confirmed hospitalized cases in Alberta. On 2 May 2009, Canadian Food Inspection Agency executive vice-president Brian Evans announced that an infected Alberta farm worker recently returned from Mexico had apparently passed the virus to a swine herd in his care. Although the herd had been quarantined, Evans stressed that the infection represented no threat to food safety and judged the possibility of infected pigs passing the virus back to humans "remote". Evans said the infection of the herd was the first known case of the H1N1 virus being transmitted from humans to pigs. Transmission from the same herd of pigs back to humans was revealed on 20 July, though it occurred on 7 May when the humans, health inspectors, were taking samples from the infected herd with improper self-protective measures. On 8 May, health officials in Alberta confirmed that swine flu contributed to the death of a woman in Northern Alberta on 28 April, Canada's first death associated with the illness. As of 14 August 2009, there were 1,648 confirmed cases of swine flu in Alberta. Health and Wellness Alberta stopped reporting non-hospitalized cases on 21 August.


British Columbia

The B.C. government has reported 1,060 severe flu cases as of 2 February 2010. 49 of 56 fatalities were people with underlying medical conditions. The province is no longer reporting non-severe cases (Total cases reached 676 by 10 August). The initial cases in British Columbia involved two young men aged 25–35 from the B.C.
Lower Mainland The Lower Mainland is a geographic and cultural region of the mainland coast of British Columbia that generally comprises the regional districts of Metro Vancouver and Fraser Valley. Home to approximately 3.05million people as of the 2021 Canadia ...
who had recently come back from Mexico, according to Danuta Skowronski, head of flu and respiratory illnesses at the
BC Centre for Disease Control The BC Centre for Disease Control is the public health arm for British Columbia's Provincial Health Services Authority. It is located at 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC. The BC Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) provides provincial and nati ...
, run by the provincial government. The cases were discovered by normal flu testing conducted by the disease control centre after the men had visited a doctor about flu-like symptoms. She noted the disease seemed "widespread" in Mexico and should not be mistaken by tourists to be linked only with urban Mexico City. The first fatality in British Columbia caused by the H1N1 virus occurred on 14 July, and was a young child who died within 24 hours of being rushed to the hospital. There were concerns of H1N1 during the months leading up to the
2010 Winter Olympics )'' , nations = 82 , athletes = 2,626 , events = 86 in 7 sports (15 disciplines) , opening = February 12, 2010 , closing = February 28, 2010 , opened_by = Governor General Michaëlle Jean , cauldron = Catriona Le May DoanNancy GreeneWayne Gretz ...
that occurred in Vancouver in February 2010, as a result volunteers were required to be vaccinated. On 28 January,
Perry Kendall Perry Kendall, (born 1943) is a Canadian Public health physician who was Provincial Health Officer (PHO) for the Canadian province of British Columbia's health ministry from 1999-2018 and was awarded the Order of British Columbia for contributio ...
, the provincial health officer, stated that the chances of a third wave of H1N1 were "diminishing". However, he maintained that vaccinations continued to be recommended for all and are vital for reducing the risk of another wave of H1N1.


Manitoba

As of 5 October 2009, there were 892 confirmed cases in the province, with 7 deaths associated with the H1N1 virus. As of 1 February 2010, there had been 1,774 new confirmed cases, with 4 deaths since the start of the "second wave" 6 October. On 3 May, the first case in Manitoba was confirmed in the Brandon area. The second case in Manitoba was announced on 12 May. The second case, a Winnipeg woman in her 50s was admitted to hospital, although the province noted she also has an unidentified underlying medical condition.


Newfoundland and Labrador

As of 4 January 2010, there were 267 hospitalized cases in the province. On 13 June, Newfoundland and Labrador reported their first case of swine flu, becoming the final province to do so. The case involves a sample collected from a young man who was treated Thursday 11 June at the hospital in Grand Falls-Windsor. The first recorded death of a person with swine flu was recorded on 1 November 2009, when a 36-year-old woman died from the virus.


New Brunswick

The first case in New Brunswick was confirmed to be present in
Greater Moncton Greater Moncton () is a census metropolitan area comprising Moncton, Riverview, and Dieppe in New Brunswick, Canada. Population Greater Moncton has a population of 157,717 (2021). Migration is mostly from other areas of New Brunswick (especiall ...
on 1 May 2009. By 28 August, there had been 147 confirmed cases in New Brunswick. The first deaths occurred 13 November.


Northwest Territories

On 1 June, the Northwest Territories confirmed their first case of swine flu. The first death occurred in November.


Nova Scotia

From the beginning of the 2009–10 flu season in September until 2 December, there were 739 confirmed cases, including 255 hospitalizations. First cases: Nova Scotia's chief medical officer, Robert Strang, said on 26 April that the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg confirmed late the previous day that four people in the province between the ages of 12 and 18 were recovering from "relatively mild" cases of the disease. The four people were students attending
King's-Edgehill School King's-Edgehill School is a Canadian private university-preparatory boarding and day school located in the town of Windsor, Nova Scotia. It is the oldest English independent school in the Commonwealth outside the United Kingdom, founded by United ...
preparatory school in Windsor, Nova Scotia. One of the infected students had been on a recent school trip to the Yucatán Peninsula in southern Mexico.


Nunavut

On 16 July 2009, Nunavut reported its first swine flu death. As of 5 August, there were 496 confirmed cases of the swine flu.


Ontario

There were 8,633 confirmed cases in Ontario, with 1,725 hospitalizations as of 10 December. On 27 April 2009, four cases were suspected to be swine flu in Ontario. This number grew to ten cases in five days. On 25 May, Ontario Health Minister David Caplan confirmed that a Toronto man in his 40s had died of the virus. The Toronto region acted as a secondary epicentre during the 2003 SARS epidemic, and took extra precautions against the H1N1 virus in the early stages of the pandemic. Ontario is also home to what is believed to be the youngest Canadian death from swine flu. A two-month-old baby was admitted to the London Health Sciences Centre on 2 November 2009; the boy died in the early morning two days later. This death, is one of three recently reported in London, Ontario, and has brought the number of confirmed deaths from H1N1 since April in Ontario to 95 as of 26 November 2009.


Prince Edward Island

As of 8 December 2009, there were 50 hospitalizations in the province, and no deaths. Prince Edward Island confirmed its first two cases in
Charlottetown Charlottetown is the capital and largest city of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, and the county seat of Queens County. Named after Queen Charlotte, Charlottetown was an unincorporated town until it was incorporated as a city in ...
on 4 May 2009.


Quebec

There had been 2,422 hospitalized cases as of 4 December 2009. While an early case Quebec turned out not to be swine flu, on 30 April 2009, the first case in the province was confirmed in the Greater Montreal Area. The first case of death was announced on 8 June, making the total of 4 deaths for Canada. The person was a more than 65-year-old woman suffering from respiratory diseases before being hospitalized on 2 June. According to medical expertise, she had never traveled to Mexico and had no contact with those who did. Confirmed cases totalled 10,714 between 30 August and 4 December 2009.


Saskatchewan

The first cases were confirmed on 7 May in the Saskatoon and Regina areas. The province stopped counting individual cases as of 23 July 2009. At that point there were 888 confirmed cases.


Yukon

On 12 May 2009, Yukon reported its first case of swine flu. The first death was a school-aged girl who died on 1 November.


Totals

! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;", Province/Territory ! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;", Confirmed Deaths by 20 February ! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;", Increase Reported 14 – 20 February , -style="text-align: center;" , British Columbia , 57 , 1 , -style="text-align: center; background: #efefef;" , Alberta , 71 , 0 , -style="text-align: center;" , Saskatchewan , 15 , 0 , -style="text-align: center; background: #efefef;" , Manitoba , 11 , 0 , -style="text-align: center;" , Ontario , 128 , 0 , -style="text-align: center; background: #efefef;" , Quebec , 108 , 0 , -style="text-align: center;" , New Brunswick , 8 , 0 , -style="text-align: center; background: #efefef;" , Nova Scotia , 7 , 0 , -style="text-align: center;" , Prince Edward Island , 0 , 0 , -style="text-align: center; background: #efefef;" , Newfoundland and Labrador , 18 , 0 , -style="text-align: center;" , Yukon , 3 , 0 , -style="text-align: center; background: #efefef;" ,
Northwest Territories The Northwest Territories (abbreviated ''NT'' or ''NWT''; french: Territoires du Nord-Ouest, formerly ''North-Western Territory'' and ''North-West Territories'' and namely shortened as ''Northwest Territory'') is a federal territory of Canada. ...
, 1 , 0 , -style="text-align: center;" ,
Nunavut Nunavut ( , ; iu, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ , ; ) is the largest and northernmost Provinces and territories of Canada#Territories, territory of Canada. It was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the ''Nunavut Act'' ...
, 1 , 0 , -style="text-align: center; background: #CCCCCC;" , Total , 428 , 1


Progression Chart


Non-human cases

On 2 May, the first incidence in Canada of the flu in pigs was discovered on a farm in Alberta. It is suspected that an infected farmhand who recently returned from Mexico infected the animals. In Canada in early June, the Alberta pig farmer whose herd was infected with the new swine flu virus culled his entire herd. In May he had already culled 500 animals from his herd. The farm owner said the animals could not be marketed because they are under quarantine and he was facing a problem with overcrowding.


Response

Michael Gardam, director of infectious disease prevention and control at th
Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion
said in an interview with the CBC that an outbreak of swine flu in Ontario, Canada's most populous province, would not be as serious as the 2003 SARS epidemic. In preparing for and dealing with an influenza pandemic, the Public Health Agency of Canada follows the WHO's categories, but has expanded them somewhat. Despite initial reports of two swine influenza cases in Montreal's Lakeshore General Hospital, Johanne Simard of th
Montreal Regional Health Board
confirmed negative results for all quarantined patients at the hospital and that no quarantines were currently in effect at the hospital. The National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg confirmed cases of human swine influenza virus in clinical specimens sent from Mexico and the Canadian government issued a travel advisory for Mexico, warning Canadians who have returned from the country of the severe respiratory illness. On 26 April, the Government of Nova Scotia announced on a live webcast that four students in Windsor, Nova Scotia, have confirmed cases of swine flu. Later that day, the Federal Government confirmed the existence of a total of six cases in Canada; four in Nova Scotia and two in British Columbia. Federal Health minister Leona Aglukkaq said the Canadian federal government would take whatever measures were necessary to keep the public safe, and that as Canada continued to ramp out its surveillance efforts there would likely be more reported cases. She also said she had been in contact with her provincial and territorial counterparts and had ordered the Public Health Agency of Canada to alert border authories, quarantine officers and other officials. However, Canada's Chief Public Health Officer, David Butler-Jones, stated that the six affected Canadians suffered from only mild symptoms and have already started to recover. However, Butler-Jones warned against complacency, stating that the fact that only mild cases have been reported so far "doesn't mean we won't see either some more severe illness or potentially deaths." In both provinces, the cases either involved people who had recently returned from Mexico or those in close contact with such people. In a step towards understanding the outbreak, and developing a vaccine, Canadian scientists completed the first full genetic sequencing of the H1N1 swine flu virus on 6 May. The high percentage of mild to severe cases amongst First Nations Peoples in Manitoba and Northern Ontario, when compared to the general population, have raised questions about the vulnerability of these communities to H1N1 across Canada. Concerns have also risen about whether the Canadian government's pandemic preparation plan is able to properly address the specific needs of these communities.


Timeline

1em auto 1em auto" ! style="background:#ddf", 2009 ! style="background:#ddf", A(H1N1) Outbreak and Pandemic Milestones in Canada , - , rowspan=2, 26 April , style="background:lavender", First case confirmed in Nova Scotia (First Case in Canada) , - , style="background:lavender", First confirmed case in British Columbia. , - , rowspan=2, 28 April , style="background:lavender", First confirmed case in Alberta. , - , style="background:lavender", First confirmed case in Ontario. , - , 30 April , style="background:lavender", First confirmed case in Quebec , - , 1 May , style="background:lavender", First confirmed case in New Brunswick , - , rowspan=2, 3 May , style="background:#c0c0c0;", First known cases of reverse zoonosis in the world. , - , style="background:lightcyan", First known ''infected pigs'' found in the world. , - , 4 May , style="background:lavender", First confirmed cases on Prince Edward Island , - , rowspan=3, 7 May , style="background:#ffcccc;", First death confirmed in Alberta. (first death in Canada) , - , style="background:lightblue;", First case of zoonosis in Canada, where an infected pig infects a human. , - , style="background:lavender", First confirmed case in Saskatchewan. , - , 8 May , style="background:#ccffcc;", Community outbreaks confirmed in Canada. , - , 9 May , style="background:lavender", First confirmed case in the Manitoba. , - , 12 May , style="background:lavender", First confirmed case in the Yukon. , - , 25 May , style="background:#ffcccc;", First death in Ontario. , - , 28 May , style="background:lavender", First confirmed case in the Nunavut. , - , 1 June , style="background:lavender", First confirmed case in the Northwest Territories. , - , 8 June , style="background:#ffcccc;", First death in Quebec. , - , 13 June , style="background:lavender", First confirmed case in Newfoundland and Labrador. , - , 16 June , style="background:#ffcccc;", First death in Manitoba. , - , 27 June , style="background:#ffcccc;", First death in Saskatchewan. , - , 14 July , style="background:#ffcccc;", First death in British Columbia. , - , 15 July , style="background:#ffcccc;", First death in Nunavut. , - , 22 July , style="background:yellow;", First case of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) resistance found in Canada. , - , 24 July , style="background:#ffcccc;", First death in Nova Scotia. , - , 31 October , style="background:#ffcccc;", First death in Newfoundland and Labrador. , - , 1 November , style="background:#ffcccc;", First death in the Yukon. , - , 13 November , style="background:#ffcccc;", First death in New Brunswick. , - , 25 November , style="background:#ffcccc;", First death in the Northwest Territories.


See also

*
1918 flu pandemic The 1918–1920 influenza pandemic, commonly known by the misnomer Spanish flu or as the Great Influenza epidemic, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus. The earliest documented case was ...
* Avian flu * Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) * List of Canadian medical disasters


References


External links

;Canadian
FightFlu.ca
Updates from the public Health Agency of Canada
Health Canada: Preparing for a pandemic
(Government of Canada)
Public Health Agency of Canada: Swine Influenza
;International

at the World Health Organization
WHO's Pandemic Influenza PhasesInfluenza Research Database
– Database of influenza genomic sequences and related information.
Confirmed and Suspected CasesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Swine Influenza (Flu)
{{DEFAULTSORT:2009 Flu Pandemic In Canada Flu Pandemic in Canada, 2009 Canada Health disasters in Canada Articles which contain graphical timelines 2010 disasters in Canada Disease outbreaks in Canada zh:2009年H1N1流感大流行各國疫情及反應#加拿大