2,3,5,7-Tetraahydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione, also called 2,3,5,7-tetrahydroxynaphthoquinone or spinochrome B, is an
organic compound
In chemistry, organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The ...
with formula , formally derived from
1,4-naphthoquinone through the replacement of four
hydrogen
Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is the lightest element. At standard conditions hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules having the formula . It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, an ...
atoms by
hydroxyl
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy ...
(OH) groups.
Spinochrome B occurs naturally as
pigment
A pigment is a colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water. In contrast, dyes are typically soluble, at least at some stage in their use. Generally dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic compo ...
in the
shell
Shell may refer to:
Architecture and design
* Shell (structure), a thin structure
** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses
** Thin-shell structure
Science Biology
* Seashell, a hard ou ...
and spines of sea urchins such as the Japanese dull red species ''aka-uni'' (''
Pseudocentrotus depressus''), the greenish-black ''murasaki-uni'' (''
Heliocidaris crassispina''), and the brown ''bafun-uni'' (''
Strongylocentrotus pulcherrimus'').
[
Chika KURODA and Masae OKAJIMA (1958), ''Studies on the Derivatives of Naphthoquinones, XIV. The pigments of sea urchins, IX''. Proc. Japan Acad., volume 34, pages 616--618]
Online version
accessed on 2010-02-01.
Pigment M2 is drawn as 2,3,6,8-thNQ but that is the same as 2,3,5,7-thNQ. The genus ''Heliocedaris'' should be ''Heliocidaris'' and the species ''purcherrmus'' should be ''pulcherrimus''.
[
Chika KURODA and Masae OKAJIMA (1967), ''Studies on the Derivatives of Naphthoquinones, XVIII. The pigments of sea urchins, XIII''. Proc. Japan Acad., volume 43, pages 41--44]
Online version
accessed on 2010-02-01.
It is soluble in
methanol
Methanol (also called methyl alcohol and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical and the simplest aliphatic alcohol, with the formula C H3 O H (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated as MeOH). It is a ...
and crystallizes as bright red needles that
sublime above 200 °C.
[
The compound gives a greenish yellow solution when treated with ]sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations and hydroxide anions .
Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali ...
, a green solution with ferric chloride
Iron(III) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula . Also called ferric chloride, it is a common compound of iron in the +3 oxidation state. The anhydrous compound is a crystalline solid with a melting point of 307.6 °C. The colo ...
, and a green precipitate with lead acetate Lead acetate can refer to:
* Lead subacetate (Basic lead acetate), Pb3(OH)4(CH3COO)2
* Lead(IV) acetate (plumbic acetate), Pb(CH3COO)4
* Lead(II) acetate
Lead(II) acetate (Pb(CH3COO)2), also known as lead acetate, lead diacetate, plumbous acetat ...
. It forms a fourfold acetate
An acetate is a salt (chemistry), salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with a base (e.g. Alkali metal, alkaline, Alkaline earth metal, earthy, Transition metal, metallic, nonmetallic or radical Radical (chemistry), base). "Acetate" als ...
ester
In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an oxoacid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one hydroxyl group () is replaced by an alkoxy group (), as in the substitution reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Glycerides ar ...
, ()4, that crystallizes from methanol
Methanol (also called methyl alcohol and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical and the simplest aliphatic alcohol, with the formula C H3 O H (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated as MeOH). It is a ...
as yellow needles that melt at 157 °C.[
]
See also
* Hexahydroxynaphthoquinone (spinochrome E)
* 2,3,5,6,8-Pentahydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione
2,3,5,6,8-Pentahydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione, also called 2,3,5,6,8-pentahydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone or spinochrome D, is an organic compound with formula , formally derived from 1,4-naphthoquinone through the replacement of five hydrogen atoms by ...
(spinochrome D)
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tetrahydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione, 2,3,5,7-
1,4-Naphthoquinones
Catechols
Resorcinols
Tetrols
Hydroxynaphthoquinones
3-Hydroxypropenals within hydroxyquinones