2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone on:
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2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (or DDQ) is the
:
"Like Neurons in the Brain": A Molecular Computer that Evolves
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dichloro-5, 6-Dicyano-1, 4-Benzoquinone, 2, 3- Nitriles Organochlorides 1,4-Benzoquinones Oxidizing agents Reagents for organic chemistry
chemical reagent
In chemistry, a reagent ( ) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. The terms ''reactant'' and ''reagent'' are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a ...
with formula C6Cl2(CN)2O2. This oxidant is useful for the dehydrogenation of alcohols, phenols, and steroid ketones. DDQ decomposes in water, but is stable in aqueous mineral acid
A mineral acid (or inorganic acid) is an acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds, as opposed to organic acids which are acidic, organic compounds. All mineral acids form hydrogen ions and the conjugate base when dissolved in water.
Cha ...
.
Preparation
Synthesis of DDQ involvescyanation In organic synthesis, cyanation is the attachment or substitution of a cyanide group on various substrates. Such transformations are high-value because they generate C-C bond. Furthermore nitriles are versatile functional groups.
Cyanation to fo ...
of chloranil
Chloranil is a quinone with the molecular formula C6Cl4O2. Also known as tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone, it is a yellow solid. Like the parent benzoquinone, chloranil is a planar molecule J.-M. Lü, S. V. Rosokha, I. S. Neretin and J. K. Kochi, "Qu ...
. J. Thiele and F. Günther first reported a 6-step preparation in 1906. The substance did not receive interest until its potential as a dehydrogenation agent was discovered. A single-step chlorination from 2,3-dicyanohydroquinone was reported in 1965.
Reactions
The reagent removes pairs of H atoms from organic molecules. The stoichiometry of its action is illustrated by the conversion oftetralin
Tetralin (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) is a hydrocarbon having the chemical formula C10H12. It is a partially hydrogenated derivative of naphthalene. It is a colorless liquid that is used as a hydrogen-donor solvent.
Production
Tetralin is pr ...
to naphthalene
Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula . It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromati ...
:
:2 C6Cl2(CN)2O2 + C10H12 → 2 C6Cl2(CN)2(OH)2 + C10H8
The resulting hydroquinone is poorly soluble in typical reaction solvents (dioxane, benzene, alkanes), which facilitates workup.
Solutions of DDQ in benzene are red, due to the formation of a charge-transfer complex.
Dehydrogenation
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Aromatization
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Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling
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:
Safety
DDQ reacts with water to release highly toxichydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen cyanide, sometimes called prussic acid, is a chemical compound with the formula HCN and structure . It is a colorless, extremely poisonous, and flammable liquid that boils slightly above room temperature, at . HCN is produced on an in ...
(HCN). A low-temperature and weakly acidic environment increases the stability of DDQ.
References
External links
"Like Neurons in the Brain": A Molecular Computer that Evolves
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dichloro-5, 6-Dicyano-1, 4-Benzoquinone, 2, 3- Nitriles Organochlorides 1,4-Benzoquinones Oxidizing agents Reagents for organic chemistry