1st (Canterbury) Regiment
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The 1st (Canterbury) Regiment was a territorial infantry regiment of the
New Zealand Military Forces , image = New Zealand Army Logo.png , image_size = 175px , caption = , start_date = , country = , branch = ...
. It was formed in 1911 from various volunteer corps raised during the second half of the nineteenth century. Men from the regiment saw combat in the
First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
as part of the Canterbury Infantry Regiment. It was amalgamated with the
2nd (South Canterbury) Regiment The 2nd (South Canterbury) Regiment was a territorial infantry regiment of the New Zealand Military Forces. It was formed in 1911 from various volunteer corps raised during the second half of the nineteenth century. Men from the regiment saw comb ...
in 1921 to form the 1st Battalion, Canterbury Regiment.


History

In 1859 the Governor of New Zealand defined the Christchurch Military district and by 1861 six companies had been formed in the district. Over the course of the following five decades, a large number of volunteer corps were raised and disbanded in
Canterbury Canterbury (, ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, situated in the heart of the City of Canterbury local government district of Kent, England. It lies on the River Stour, Kent, River Stour. ...
. The longest continuously serving corps of the Canterbury district was the Southern Volunteer Rifles, formed in 1860. The Southern Volunteer Rifles was retitled as the Forest Rifle Volunteers in 1861 before changing to its final name, the Christchurch City Guards, in 1879. The Christchurch City Guards provided the seniority to the future 1st Regiment. In 1886, the Canterbury-based corps were grouped together into the 1st Battalion, Canterbury Rifle Volunteers, although the battalion was disestablished 2 years later. The Battalion organisation returned in 1895, this time called the Canterbury Battalion of Infantry Volunteers, which was retitled as the North Canterbury Battalion of Infantry Volunteers in 1897, when the South Canterbury corps were detached and formed their own battalion. Men from the North Canterbury Battalion served in South Africa during the
Second Boer War The Second Boer War ( af, Tweede Vryheidsoorlog, , 11 October 189931 May 1902), also known as the Boer War, the Anglo–Boer War, or the South African War, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer Republics (the Sout ...
as part of the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Contingents. The Battalion was subsequently awarded the battle honour "South Africa 1900-1902". A further increase in size saw most of the North Canterbury-based corps split off to form the 2nd North Canterbury Battalion of Infantry Volunteers in 1903 and the original battalion retitled as 1st North Canterbury Battalion of Infantry Volunteers. The Defence Act 1909 brought about an end to the volunteer system and introduced a new territorial system of compulsory military training. In 1911, the 1st North Canterbury Battalion was redesignated as the 1st (Canterbury) Regiment. Initially both the 1st (Canterbury) and the 13th (North Canterbury) Regiments (the former 2nd North Canterbury Battalion) had companies based in Christchurch and North Canterbury. A reorganisation in 1912 redefined the recruiting areas so that 1st Regiment recruited solely from the Christchurch area, while North Canterbury was entirely allocated to the 13th Regiment.
King George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936. Born during the reign of his grandmother Que ...
was appointed as Colonel-in-Chief of the 1st (Canterbury) Regiment in 1912. At the outbreak of the
First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
in August 1914, the decision was made to form a New Zealand infantry brigade of four battalions from the existing territorial regiments. Men from the 1st (Canterbury) Regiment formed the 1st (Canterbury) Company of the Canterbury Battalion, which saw service during the Gallipoli Campaign. Following the evacuation from Gallipoli in 1916, the Battalion was expanded to a regiment of two battalions. The Canterbury Infantry Regiment would see action on the western front, engaging in the battles of the Somme, Messines, Broodseinde, Passchendaele, German Spring Offensive and the
Hundred Days' Offensive The Hundred Days Offensive (8 August to 11 November 1918) was a series of massive Allied offensives that ended the First World War. Beginning with the Battle of Amiens (8–12 August) on the Western Front, the Allies pushed the Central Powers ...
. A third battalion was also raised in 1917, but was disbanded in 1918 due to manpower shortages. Both the 2nd and 3rd Battalions were organised along the same lines as the 1st Battalion, each with their own 1st (Canterbury) Company. The Canterbury Infantry Regiment was disbanded at the end of the war. In 1920 Major General Sir Edward Chaytor was appointed as Honorary Colonel of the regiment. Chaytor was Commandant of the New Zealand Military Forces between 1919 and 1924, and had commanded the ANZAC Mounted Division during the war. A reorganisation of the New Zealand Military Forces in 1921 saw the 1st (Canterbury) Regiment amalgamate with the 2nd (South Canterbury) Regiment to form the 1st Battalion, Canterbury Regiment.


Alliances

Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment) The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army based in the county of Kent in existence from 1881 to 1961. The regiment was created on 1 July 1881 as part of the Childers Reforms, originally as the Queen' ...
(1913–1921)


Notes


References

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External links


Biographies of officers in 1903
{{New Zealand Great War Infantry Regiments Infantry regiments of New Zealand Military units and formations established in 1860 Military units and formations disestablished in 1921