The 1986 Northern Ireland by-elections were fifteen by-elections held on 23 January 1986, to fill vacancies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom caused by the resignation in December 1985 of all sitting Unionist Members of Parliament (MPs). The MPs, from the Ulster Unionist Party,

Democratic Unionist Party The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) is a unionist, loyalist, and national conservative political party in Northern Ireland. It was founded in 1971 during the Troubles by Ian Paisley, who led the party for the next 37 years. Currently led by J ...

and Ulster Popular Unionist Party, did this to highlight their opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. Each of their parties agreed not to contest seats previously held by the others, and each outgoing MP stood for re-election.

Other candidates

Of the two Northern Ireland seats not held by unionists, Foyle was held by the nationalist Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), while Belfast West was held by the republican party Sinn Féin. These MPs did not resign and their seats were not contested. The SDLP and Sinn Féin regarded the resignations as a publicity stunt, and were reluctant to take part in the resulting by-elections. In the event, they contested only the seats which they believed to have an anti-unionist majority. The Alliance Party of Northern Ireland instructed its branches to nominate a candidate for each by-election, but many were reluctant, and ultimately, the party stood in only five seats. The small Workers' Party stood in nine seats. It appeared that the incumbent would be the only candidate in four constituencies. This would have produced the first uncontested elections for the House of Commons since the Armagh by-election of 1954. In order to ensure that there was a contest and that the Unionists would be able to demonstrate their point, Wesley Robert Williamson changed his name by

deed poll A deed poll (plural: deeds poll) is a legal document binding on a single person or several persons acting jointly to express an intention or create an obligation. It is a deed, and not a contract because it binds only one party (law), party. Et ...

to "Peter Barry", Peter Barry being Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Ireland. "Peter Barry" stood in these four constituencies under the label "For the Anglo-Irish Agreement", allowing a contest, but did not campaign. The unusual circumstances led this to be the greatest number of UK parliamentary by-elections held on a single day.

Results

Aggregate results

The aggregated results for all constituencies are shown below. Changes are compared to those for the 15 constituencies in the

1983 general election The following elections occurred in the year 1983. Africa * 1983 Cameroonian parliamentary election * 1983 Equatorial Guinean legislative election * 1983 Kenyan general election * 1983 Malagasy parliamentary election * 1983 Malawian general e ...

. , - , - style="text-align:center; background-color:#F2F2F2;" ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" colspan=2 rowspan=2 , Political party ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" rowspan=2 , Leader ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" rowspan=2 , Position ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" rowspan=2 , Candidates ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" colspan=5 , MPs ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" colspan=3 , Votes , - style="text-align:center; background-color:#F2F2F2;" ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , Total ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , Gained ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , Lost ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , Net ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , Of total
(%) ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , Total ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , Of total
(%) ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , Change
(%) , - , data-sort-value="Ulster Unionist Party" , style="border: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: left;" scope="row" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: left;" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , Anti-agreement , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 11 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 10 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 1 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 1 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 66.7 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 302,198 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 51.7 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 13.1 , - , data-sort-value="Democratic Unionist Party" , style="border: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: left;" scope="row" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: left;" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , Anti-agreement , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 3 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 3 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 20.0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 85,239 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 14.6 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 5.5 , - , data-sort-value="Social Democratic and Labour Party" , style="border: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: left;" scope="row" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: left;" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , Pro-agreement , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 4 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 1 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 1 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 1 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 6.7 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 70,917 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 12.1 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 3.1 , - , data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" , style="border: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: left;" scope="row" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: left;" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , Anti-agreement , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 4 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0.0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 38,848 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 6.6 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 4.7 , - , data-sort-value="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland" , style="border: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: left;" scope="row" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: left;" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , Pro-agreement , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 5 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0.0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 32,095 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 5.5 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 3.5 , - , data-sort-value="Ulster Popular Unionist Party" , style="border: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: left;" scope="row" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: left;" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , Anti-agreement , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 1 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 1 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 6.7 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 30,793 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 5.3 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 1.3 , - , data-sort-value="Workers' Party (Ireland)" , style="border: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: left;" scope="row" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: left;" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , Pro-agreement , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 9 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0.0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 18,148 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 3.1 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 1.3 , - , , For the Anglo-Irish Agreement , style="border: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: left;" , Wesley Robert Williamson running as ' Peter Barry' , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , Pro-agreement , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 4 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0.0 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 6,379 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 1.1 , style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , N/A , - , - class="unsortable" ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" colspan=4 , Blank and invalid votes !colspan=6 , ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , — ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , — , - class="unsortable" style="background-color:#F2F2F2 ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" colspan=4 , Total ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 41 ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 15 ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0 ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 100 ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 584,617 ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 100 ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 0.0 , - class="unsortable" ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" colspan=4 , Registered voters, and turnout !colspan=6 , ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 951,571 ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , 61.44 ! style="border: 1px solid #aaa;" , All but one of the Unionists were re-elected, many with extremely large majorities. The largest of all went to

Ian Paisley Ian Richard Kyle Paisley, Baron Bannside, (6 April 1926 – 12 September 2014) was a Northern Irish loyalist politician and Protestant religious leader who served as leader of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) from 1971 to 2008 and First ...

in North Antrim. He won 97.4% of the vote, the highest percentage polled by any candidate in a UK by-election since the

1940 Middleton and Prestwich by-election The 1940 Middleton and Prestwich by-election was held for the Middleton and Prestwich constituency on 22 May 1940, after the death of the sitting MP, Nairne Sandeman. It was held during World War II, and five of the largest political parties – ...

. The sole exception to this pattern was the Newry and Armagh by-election, where Seamus Mallon of the SDLP was able to take the seat. Former Cabinet Minister Enoch Powell was able to narrowly survive a strong challenge from the SDLP in South Down and was subsequently defeated at the following year's general election. In the western constituencies of Mid Ulster and Fermanagh and South Tyrone the Unionist candidates were able to survive with less than 50% of the vote due to a split Nationalist vote and both seats were gained by Sinn Féin in later elections. The results of the fifteen by-elections were cited by Unionists as a rejection of the Agreement by the Northern Irish electorate, but did not succeed in repealing it.

Antrim

Belfast

Down

Newry and Armagh

Other constituencies

References

CAIN: Westminster By-Elections (NI) - Thursday 23 January 1986
{{DEFAULTSORT:Northern Ireland By-Elections, 1986 1986 elections in the United Kingdom 1986 elections in Northern Ireland January 1986 events in the United Kingdom