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January

*
January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
– The
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
ceases to demand
war reparations War reparations are compensation payments made after a war by one side to the other. They are intended to cover damage or injury inflicted during a war. History Making one party pay a war indemnity is a common practice with a long history. ...
from
West Germany West Germany is the colloquial term used to indicate the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; german: Bundesrepublik Deutschland , BRD) between its formation on 23 May 1949 and the German reunification through the accession of East Germany on 3 O ...
. * January 3 – The Italian broadcaster
RAI RAI – Radiotelevisione italiana (; commercially styled as Rai since 2000; known until 1954 as Radio Audizioni Italiane) is the national public broadcasting company of Italy, owned by the Ministry of Economy and Finance. RAI operates many ter ...
officially begins transmitting. * January 7Georgetown-IBM experiment: The first public demonstration of a
machine translation Machine translation, sometimes referred to by the abbreviation MT (not to be confused with computer-aided translation, machine-aided human translation or interactive translation), is a sub-field of computational linguistics that investigates t ...
system is held in New York, at the head office of IBM. * January 10
BOAC Flight 781 BOAC Flight 781 was a scheduled British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) passenger flight from Singapore to London. On 10 January 1954, a de Havilland Comet passenger jet operating the flight suffered an explosive decompression at altitude an ...
, a
de Havilland Comet The de Havilland DH.106 Comet was the world's first commercial jet airliner. Developed and manufactured by de Havilland in the United Kingdom, the Comet 1 prototype first flew in 1949. It featured an aerodynamically clean design with four ...
jet plane, disintegrates in mid-air due to
metal fatigue In materials science, fatigue is the initiation and propagation of cracks in a material due to cyclic loading. Once a fatigue crack has initiated, it grows a small amount with each loading cycle, typically producing striations on some parts o ...
, and crashes in the Mediterranean near
Elba Elba ( it, isola d'Elba, ; la, Ilva) is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, from the coastal town of Piombino on the Italian mainland, and the largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago. It is also part of the Arcipelago Toscano Nationa ...
; all 35 people on board are killed. *
January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. * 1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already rei ...
Avalanche An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a slope, such as a hill or mountain. Avalanches can be set off spontaneously, by such factors as increased precipitation or snowpack weakening, or by external means such as humans, animals, and eart ...
s in Austria kill more than 200. * January 15Mau Mau leader
Waruhiu Itote Waruhiu Itote (1922 – 30 April 1993, aged 70-71), ''nom de guerre'' General China, was one of the key leaders of the Mau Mau Uprising (1952–1960) in British Kenya alongside Dedan Kimathi, Stanley Mathenge, Kurito ole Kisio, Musa Mwariama ...
is captured in
Kenya ) , national_anthem = " Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi ...
. *
January 17 Events Pre-1600 *38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
– In
Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
, Milovan Đilas, one of the leading members of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, is relieved of his duties. * January 20 – The US-based
National Negro Network The National Negro Network was a black-oriented radio programming service in the United States founded on January 20, 1954 by Chicago advertiser W. Leonard Evans, Jr. It was the first black-owned radio network in the country, and its programming ...
is established, with 46 member
radio station Radio broadcasting is transmission of audio (sound), sometimes with related metadata, by radio waves to radio receivers belonging to a public audience. In terrestrial radio broadcasting the radio waves are broadcast by a land-based radi ...
s. *
January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when ...
– The first nuclear-powered submarine, the , is launched in
Groton, Connecticut Groton is a town in New London County, Connecticut located on the Thames River. It is the home of General Dynamics Electric Boat, which is the major contractor for submarine work for the United States Navy. The Naval Submarine Base New London i ...
, by First Lady of the United States
Mamie Eisenhower Mary Geneva "Mamie" Eisenhower (; November 14, 1896 – November 1, 1979) was the first lady of the United States from 1953 to 1961 as the wife of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Born in Boone, Iowa, she was raised in a wealthy household i ...
. * January 25 – The foreign ministers of the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union meet at the
Berlin Conference The Berlin Conference of 1884–1885, also known as the Congo Conference (, ) or West Africa Conference (, ), regulated European colonisation and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period and coincided with Germany's sudden emergenc ...
.


February

*
February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, spar ...
– After authorizing $385 million over the $400 million already budgeted for military aid to
Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
,
President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...
Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...
warns against his country's intervention in
Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
. * February 19
1954 transfer of Crimea The transfer of the Crimean Oblast in the Soviet Union in 1954 was an administrative action of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union that transferred the government of the Crimean Peninsula from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainia ...
: The
Soviet Politburo The Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (, abbreviated: ), or Politburo ( rus, Политбюро, p=pəlʲɪtbʲʊˈro) was the highest policy-making authority within the Communist Party of the ...
of the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
orders the transfer the
Crimean Oblast During the existence of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, different governments existed within the Crimean Peninsula. From 1921 to 1936, the government in the Crimean Peninsula was known as the Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic; ...
from the
Russian SFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
to the
Ukrainian SSR The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...
( Invaded and annexed by Russia in
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
). * February 23 – The first mass
vaccination Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop immunity from a disease. Vaccines contain a microorganism or virus in a weakened, live or killed state, or proteins or toxins from the organism. In stimulating ...
of children against
polio Poliomyelitis, commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Approximately 70% of cases are asymptomatic; mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe s ...
begins in
Pittsburgh Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Allegheny County. It is the most populous city in both Allegheny County and Western Pennsylvania, the second-most populous city in Pennsylva ...
, United States. * February 25 – Lt. Col. Gamal Abdel Nasser becomes premier of
Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Medit ...
.


March

*
March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...
** U.S. officials announce that a hydrogen bomb test (
Castle Bravo Castle Bravo was the first in a series of high-yield thermonuclear weapon design tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands, as part of '' Operation Castle''. Detonated on March 1, 1954, the device was the most powerful ...
) has been conducted, on
Bikini Atoll Bikini Atoll ( or ; Marshallese: , , meaning "coconut place"), sometimes known as Eschscholtz Atoll between the 1800s and 1946 is a coral reef in the Marshall Islands consisting of 23 islands surrounding a central lagoon. After the Seco ...
in the Pacific Ocean. ** U.S. Capitol shooting incident: Four
Puerto Rican nationalists Puerto, a Spanish word meaning ''seaport'', may refer to: Places *El Puerto de Santa María, Andalusia, Spain *Puerto, a seaport town in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines *Puerto Colombia, Colombia *Puerto Cumarebo, Venezuela *Puerto Galera, Orient ...
open fire in the
United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they ...
chamber and wound 5; they are apprehended by security guards. *
March 9 Events Pre-1600 * 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. * 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. * 1226 &nda ...
– American journalists
Edward R. Murrow Edward Roscoe Murrow (born Egbert Roscoe Murrow; April 25, 1908 – April 27, 1965) was an American broadcast journalist and war correspondent. He first gained prominence during World War II with a series of live radio broadcasts from Europe f ...
and Fred W. Friendly produce a 30-minute '' See It Now'' documentary, entitled '' A Report on Senator Joseph McCarthy''. * March 12 – Finland and Germany officially end their state of war. *
March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
Việt Minh The Việt Minh (; abbreviated from , chữ Nôm and Hán tự: ; french: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam, ) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Fro ...
forces under General
Võ Nguyên Giáp Võ Nguyên Giáp (; 25 August 1911 – 4 October 2013) was a Vietnamese general and communist politician who is regarded as having been one of the greatest military strategists of the 20th century. He served as interior minister in President ...
began a massive artillery bombardment on the French military, beginning the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, the climactic battle of the
First Indochina War The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam) began in French Indochina from 19 December 1946 to 20 July 1954 between France and Việt Minh (Democratic Republic of Vi ...
. *
March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. * 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...
Joey Giardello Carmine Orlando Tilelli (July 16, 1930 – September 4, 2008) was an American boxer who was the world middleweight champion from 1963 to 1965,. He adopted the name Joey Giardello (the name of a cousin's friend) in order to join the U.S. Army whi ...
knocks out Willie Tory at Madison Square Garden in the first
televised Television, sometimes shortened to TV, is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound. The term can refer to a television set, or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, ...
boxing Boxing (also known as "Western boxing" or "pugilism") is a combat sport in which two people, usually wearing protective gloves and other protective equipment such as hand wraps and mouthguards, throw punches at each other for a predetermine ...
prize fight to be shown in colour. *
March 23 Events Pre-1600 *1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. *1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the last rel ...
– In Vietnam, the
Viet Minh The Việt Minh (; abbreviated from , chữ Nôm and Hán tự: ; french: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam, ) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Fro ...
capture the main airstrip of Dien Bien Phu. The remaining French Army units there are partially isolated. * March 25 ** The
26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards were held on March 25, 1954, simultaneously at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood (hosted by Fredric March), and the NBC Century Theatre in New York City (hosted by Donald O'Connor). The second national telecast of ...
Ceremony is held. ** The
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
recognises the
sovereignty Sovereignty is the defining authority within individual consciousness, social construct, or territory. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within the state, as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the perso ...
of
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
. Soviet troops remain in the country. *
March 27 Events Pre-1600 *1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. * 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
– The Castle Romeo nuclear test explosion is executed at
Bikini Atoll Bikini Atoll ( or ; Marshallese: , , meaning "coconut place"), sometimes known as Eschscholtz Atoll between the 1800s and 1946 is a coral reef in the Marshall Islands consisting of 23 islands surrounding a central lagoon. After the Seco ...
, in the
Marshall Islands The Marshall Islands ( mh, Ṃajeḷ), officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands ( mh, Aolepān Aorōkin Ṃajeḷ),'' () is an independent island country and microstate near the Equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the Intern ...
. *
March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
** The trial of A. L. Zissu and 12 other Zionist leaders ends with harsh sentences in Communist Romania. ** Puerto Rico's first television station, ''
WKAQ-TV WKAQ-TV (channel 2) is a television station in San Juan, Puerto Rico, airing programming from the Telemundo and NBC networks. It is owned and operated by the Telemundo Station Group subsidiary of NBCUniversal. WKAQ-TV's studios are located o ...
'', commences
broadcasting Broadcasting is the distribution of audio or video content to a dispersed audience via any electronic mass communications medium, but typically one using the electromagnetic spectrum ( radio waves), in a one-to-many model. Broadcasting beg ...
. *
March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving. * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...
– A C-47 transport with French nurse
Geneviève de Galard Geneviève de Galard (born 13 April 1925) is a French nurse who was dubbed ''l'ange de Dien Bien Phu'' ("the Angel of Dien Bien Phu") during the French war in Indochina by the press in Hanoi, although in the camp she was known simply as Genevièv ...
on board is wrecked on the runway at Dien Bien Phu. *
March 30 Events Pre-1600 * 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague. *1282 &ndash ...
– The first operational subway line in Canada opens in
Toronto Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the anch ...
.


April

*
April 1 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held. * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. *1081 – Alexios I Ko ...
** The
U.S. Congress The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washin ...
and President
Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...
authorize the founding of the
United States Air Force Academy The United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) is a United States service academy in El Paso County, Colorado, immediately north of Colorado Springs. It educates cadets for service in the officer corps of the United States Air Force and U ...
in
Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the wes ...
. ** South Point School in India is founded, and becomes the largest school in the world by 1992. *
April 3 Events Pre-1600 * 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul. *1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. *1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created. * ...
Petrov Affair The Petrov Affair was a Cold War spy incident in Australia, concerning the defection of Vladimir Petrov, a KGB officer, from the Soviet embassy in Canberra in 1954. The defection led to a Royal Commission and the resulting controversy contribu ...
: Diplomat Vladimir Petrov defects from the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
and asks for
political asylum The right of asylum (sometimes called right of political asylum; ) is an ancient juridical concept, under which people persecuted by their own rulers might be protected by another sovereign authority, like a second country or another ent ...
in Australia. * April 4 – Legendary symphony conductor Arturo Toscanini experiences a lapse of memory during a concert. At this concert's end, his retirement is announced, and he never conducts in public again. *
April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...
gives his "
domino theory The domino theory is a geopolitical theory which posits that increases or decreases in democracy in one country tend to spread to neighboring countries in a domino effect. It was prominent in the United States from the 1950s to the 1980s in t ...
" speech, during a news conference. * April 8 – A Royal Canadian Air Force Canadair Harvard collides with a
Trans-Canada Air Lines Trans-Canada Air Lines (also known as TCA in English, and Trans-Canada in French) was a Canadian airline that operated as the country's flag carrier, with corporate headquarters in Montreal, Quebec. Its first president was Gordon Roy McGreg ...
Canadair North Star over Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, killing 37 people. *
April 11 Events Pre-1600 * 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. *1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. *1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferrare ...
** This day is denoted as the most boring day in the 20th century by True Knowledge, an
answer engine Question answering (QA) is a computer science discipline within the fields of information retrieval and natural language processing (NLP), which is concerned with building systems that automatically answer questions posed by humans in a natural ...
developed by William Tunstall-Pedoe. No significant newsworthy events, births, or deaths are known to have happened on this day. ** In a general election in
Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th ...
, the dominant Christian Social Party wins 95 of the 212 seats in the Chamber of Representatives, and 49 of the 106 seats in the Senate. The government led by Jean Van Houtte loses their majority in parliament. The two other main parties, the
Socialist Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the ...
and
Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. __TOC__ Active liberal parties This is a li ...
, subsequently form a rare "
purple Purple is any of a variety of colors with hue between red and blue. In the RGB color model used in computer and television screens, purples are produced by mixing red and blue light. In the RYB color model historically used by painters, ...
" government, with
Achille Van Acker Achille Van Acker (8 April 1898 – 10 July 1975) was a Belgian politician who served three terms as the prime minister of Belgium between 1946 and 1958. A moderate from Flanders, Van Acker was a member of the Belgian Socialist Party (PSB–BSP) ...
as Prime Minister. *
April 12 Events Pre-1600 * 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I. * 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to ...
Bill Haley & His Comets record " Rock Around the Clock" in their first session for American Decca in New York City; it is released on May 20 as a B-side, but only in 1955 becomes a #1 hit, helping to initiate the
rock and roll Rock and roll (often written as rock & roll, rock 'n' roll, or rock 'n roll) is a genre of popular music that evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. It originated from African-American music such as jazz, rhythm a ...
craze. *
April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
** Aneurin Bevan resigns from the British Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet in protest over his party's failure to oppose the rearmament of West Germany. ** A Soviet spy ring in Australia is unveiled. *
April 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail. * 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide. * 73 – Masad ...
– Vice President
Richard Nixon Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was ...
announces that the United States may be "putting our own boys in Indochina regardless of Allied support". *
April 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil. * 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. *1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern h ...
** The
1951 Events January * January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950). * January 9 – The Government of the United ...
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees comes into force, defining the status of refugees and setting out the basis for granting
right of asylum The right of asylum (sometimes called right of political asylum; ) is an ancient juridical concept, under which people persecuted by their own rulers might be protected by another sovereign authority, like a second country or another ent ...
. ** Senator Joseph McCarthy begins hearings investigating the
United States Army The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare, land military branch, service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight Uniformed services of the United States, U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army o ...
for being "soft" on
Communism Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a ...
. *
April 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux. *1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe. * 1 ...
** An international conference on Korea and Indo-China opens in Geneva. **
Akira Kurosawa was a Japanese filmmaker and painter who directed thirty films in a career spanning over five decades. He is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers in the history of cinema. Kurosawa displayed a bold, dyna ...
's '' Seven Samurai'' is released in Japan. *
April 28 Events Pre-1600 * 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire. * 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...
– U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles accuses Communist China of sending combat troops to Indo-China to train
Viet Minh The Việt Minh (; abbreviated from , chữ Nôm and Hán tự: ; french: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam, ) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Fro ...
guerrillas.


May

*
May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. *1169 – N ...
– The
Unification Church The Family Federation for World Peace and Unification, widely known as the Unification Church, is a new religious movement, whose members are called Unificationists, or " Moonies". It was officially founded on 1 May 1954 under the name Holy Sp ...
is founded in South Korea. *
May 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''. * 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus ar ...
– General
Alfredo Stroessner Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda (; 3 November 1912 – 16 August 2006) was a Paraguayan army officer and politician who served as President of Paraguay from 15 August 1954 to 3 February 1989. Stroessner led a coup d'état on 4 May 1954 with t ...
deposes Federico Chávez in a
coup d'état A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, m ...
in
Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...
; from August 15 he will hold the office of
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...
until
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxon Valdez oil tanker runs ...
. *
May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...
Roger Bannister runs the first sub-four minute mile, in
Oxford Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...
, England. *
May 7 Events Pre-1600 * 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch. * 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I imm ...
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...
(run-up): The Battle of Dien Bien Phu ends in a French defeat (the battle began on
March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
). * May 8 – The
Asian Football Confederation The Asian Football Confederation is the governing body of association football, beach soccer, and futsal in some countries/territories in Asia and Oceania. It has 47 member countries most of which are located in Asia. Australia, formerly i ...
(AFC) is formed in
Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
,
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
. * May 11 – U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles declares that Indochina is important but not essential to the security of Southeast Asia, thus ending any prospect of American intervention on the side of France. *
May 14 Events Pre-1600 *1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. * 1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. *1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and force ...
** The Boeing 707 airplane is released, after about 2 years of development. ** The
Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict The Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict is the first international treaty that focuses exclusively on the protection of cultural property in armed conflict. It was signed at The Hague, Nethe ...
was adopted in
The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital o ...
, Netherlands. *
May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...
– The
Latin Union The Latin Union is an international organization of nations that use Romance languages, whose activities have been suspended since 2012. Headquartered in Paris, France, its aim is to protect, project, and promote the common cultural heritage of ...
(''Unión Latina'') is created by the Convention of
Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the Largest cities of the Europ ...
. Its member countries use the five
Romance languages The Romance languages, sometimes referred to as Latin languages or Neo-Latin languages, are the various modern languages that evolved from Vulgar Latin. They are the only extant subgroup of the Italic languages in the Indo-European language ...
: Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian. It will suspend operations in
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gat ...
. *
May 17 Events Pre-1600 *1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. *1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...
** ''
Brown v. Board of Education ''Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka'', 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segrega ...
'' (347 US 483 1954): The
U.S. Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...
rules unanimously that segregated schools are unconstitutional. ** The Royal Commission on the
Petrov Affair The Petrov Affair was a Cold War spy incident in Australia, concerning the defection of Vladimir Petrov, a KGB officer, from the Soviet embassy in Canberra in 1954. The defection led to a Royal Commission and the resulting controversy contribu ...
in Australia begins its inquiry. ** Adnan Menderes of the Democratic Party forms the new (21st) government of
Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
. *
May 20 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church. * 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...
Chiang Kai-shek is re-elected as the president of the Republic of China, by the
National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the rep ...
. *
May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. * 1 ...
– The common Nordic Labour Market act is signed. *
May 26 Events Pre-1600 * 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe. * 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire tak ...
– A fire on board the U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS ''Bennington'', off
Narragansett Bay Narragansett Bay is a bay and estuary on the north side of Rhode Island Sound covering , of which is in Rhode Island. The bay forms New England's largest estuary, which functions as an expansive natural harbor and includes a small archipelago. Sm ...
,
Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...
, kills 103 sailors. *
May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
**
1954 Australian federal election The 1954 Australian federal election were held in Australia on 29 May 1954. All 121 seats in the House of Representatives were up for election, but no Senate election took place. The incumbent Liberal–Country coalition led by Prime Minister Ro ...
: Robert Menzies'
Liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * a supporter of liberalism ** Liberalism by country * an adherent of a Liberal Party * Liberalism (international relations) * Sexually liberal feminism * Social liberalism Arts, entertainment and m ...
/
Country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while ...
Coalition
Government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is ...
is re-elected with a decreased majority, defeating the Labor Party led by H.V. Evatt. The election has come shortly after the
Petrov Affair The Petrov Affair was a Cold War spy incident in Australia, concerning the defection of Vladimir Petrov, a KGB officer, from the Soviet embassy in Canberra in 1954. The defection led to a Royal Commission and the resulting controversy contribu ...
, arguably helping the Government survive what was initially predicted to be a defeat. ** Creation and first meeting of the
Bilderberg Group The Bilderberg meeting (also known as the Bilderberg Group) is an annual off-the-record conference established in 1954 to foster dialogue between Europe and North America. The group's agenda, originally to prevent another world war, is now defi ...
. ** Diane Leather becomes the first woman to run a sub-five minute mile, in
Birmingham Birmingham ( ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands (county), West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of 1. ...
, England.


June

* June 6 – The grand opening of the sculpture of Yuriy Dolgorukiy takes place in
Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...
(this statue is one of the main monuments of Moscow). *
June 7 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire). * 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state. * 1002 – Henr ...
– English cryptanalyst, mathematician and computer scientist
Alan Turing Alan Mathison Turing (; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist. Turing was highly influential in the development of theoretical co ...
, age 41, commits suicide by cyanide poisoning. *
June 9 Events Pre-1600 *411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy. * 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. * 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending th ...
McCarthyism: Joseph N. Welch, special counsel for the
United States Army The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare, land military branch, service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight Uniformed services of the United States, U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army o ...
, lashes out at Senator Joseph McCarthy, during hearings on whether
Communism Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a ...
has infiltrated the Army, saying, "Have you, at long last, no decency?" *
June 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. * 1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soon ...
– The words "under God" are added to the United States
Pledge of Allegiance The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States is a patriotic recited verse that promises allegiance to the flag of the United States and the republic of the United States of America. The first version, with a text different from the one used ...
. *
June 15 Events Pre-1600 * 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history. * 844 – Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II. * 923 – Battle of So ...
– The
UEFA Union of European Football Associations (UEFA ; french: Union des associations européennes de football; german: Union der europäischen Fußballverbände) is one of six continental bodies of governance in association football. It governs f ...
(Union of European Football Associations) is formed in
Basel , french: link=no, Bâlois(e), it, Basilese , neighboring_municipalities= Allschwil (BL), Hégenheim (FR-68), Binningen (BL), Birsfelden (BL), Bottmingen (BL), Huningue (FR-68), Münchenstein (BL), Muttenz (BL), Reinach (BL), Riehen (BS ...
, Switzerland. *
June 17 Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. *1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...
– A CIA-engineered military coup occurs in Guatemala. *
June 18 Events Pre-1600 * 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China. * 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. * 860 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about ...
Pierre Mendès France Pierre Isaac Isidore Mendès France (; 11 January 190718 October 1982) was a French politician who served as prime minister of France for eight months from 1954 to 1955. As a member of the Radical Party, he headed a government supported by a co ...
becomes prime minister of France. *
June 22 Events Pre-1600 * 217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. * 168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Perseus ...
** Sarah Mae Flemming is expelled from a bus in South Carolina, for sitting in a white-only section. **
Parker–Hulme murder case The Parker–Hulme murder case began in the city of Christchurch, South Island, New Zealand, on 22 June 1954, when Honorah Rieper (also known as Honorah Parker, her legal name) was killed by her teenage daughter, Pauline Parker, and Pauline's c ...
: Pauline Parker, 16 and her friend
Juliet Hulme Anne Perry (born Juliet Marion Hulme; 28 October 1938) was convicted of murder in New Zealand when a teenager, later moved to England and became an author. In 1954, at the age of fifteen, she and her 16-year-old friend Pauline Parker were tried ...
, 15, bludgeon Parker's mother to death using a brick, at Victoria Park in New Zealand. *
June 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. *1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. * 1499 – Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coa ...
** Guatemalan President
Jacobo Árbenz Juan Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán (; 14 September 191327 January 1971) was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who served as the 25th President of Guatemala. He was Minister of National Defense from 1944 to 1950, and the second democratical ...
steps down in a CIA-sponsored
military coup A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct ...
, triggering a bloody civil war that continues for more than 35 years. ** The world's first atomic power station opens at
Obninsk Obninsk (russian: О́бнинск) is a city in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the Protva River southwest of Moscow and northeast of Kaluga. Population: History The history of Obninsk began in 1945 when the First Research In ...
, near Moscow.


July

* July 1 ** The Common Nordic Labor Market Act comes into effect. ** The United States officially begins using the international unit of the nautical mile, equal to 6,076.11549 ft. or 1,852 meters. *
July 4 Events Pre-1600 *362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans. * 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaime ...
** Food rationing in Great Britain ends, with the lifting of restrictions on sale and purchase of meat, 14 years after it began early in
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
, and nearly a decade after the war's end. ** "Miracle of Bern":
West Germany West Germany is the colloquial term used to indicate the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; german: Bundesrepublik Deutschland , BRD) between its formation on 23 May 1949 and the German reunification through the accession of East Germany on 3 O ...
beats
Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the ...
3–2 to win the
1954 FIFA World Cup The 1954 FIFA World Cup was the fifth edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football tournament for senior men's national teams of the nations affiliated to FIFA. It was held in Switzerland from 16 June to 4 July. Switzer ...
. *
July 10 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina. * 645 – Isshi Incident: Prin ...
Peter Thomson Peter Thomson may refer to: * Peter Thomson (golfer) (1929–2018), Australian golfer * Peter Thomson (diplomat) (born 1948), Fiji's Permanent Representative to the United Nations * Peter Thomson (footballer) (born 1977), English footballer * Peter ...
becomes the first Australian to win the British Open Golf Championship. *
July 15 Events Pre-1600 *484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome * 70 – First Jewish–Roman War: Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. ( 17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar). * 756 – ...
** The
Boeing 367-80 The Boeing 367-80, known simply as the Dash 80, is an American quadjet prototype aircraft built by Boeing to demonstrate the advantages of jet propulsion for commercial aviation. It served as basis for the design of the KC-135 tanker and the 70 ...
(or Dash 80), prototype of the Boeing 707 series, makes its maiden flight. ** Juan Fangio, Argentine driver for German Grand Prix team
Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz (), commonly referred to as Mercedes and sometimes as Benz, is a German luxury and commercial vehicle automotive brand established in 1926. Mercedes-Benz AG (a Mercedes-Benz Group subsidiary established in 2019) is headquartere ...
, makes a new fastest lap of the Silverstone Circuit, with an average speed of 100.35 mph, the previous record being 100.16 mph. *
July 19 Events Pre-1600 *AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city. * 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is ...
– Release of
Elvis Presley Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), or simply Elvis, was an American singer and actor. Dubbed the "Honorific nicknames in popular music, King of Rock and Roll", he is regarded as Cultural impact of Elvis Presley, one ...
's first single, "
That's All Right "That's All Right" is a song written and originally performed by blues singer Arthur Crudup and recorded in 1946. The song was rereleased in early March 1949 under the title "That's All Right, Mama", which was issued as RCA's first rhythm and bl ...
", by
Sun Records Sun Records is an American independent record label founded by producer Sam Phillips in Memphis, Tennessee in February 1952. Sun was the first label to record Elvis Presley, Charlie Rich, Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, and Johnny ...
(recorded
July 5 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus ( Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman architect Theophilus Patricius. * 1316 – The Burgundian a ...
in
Memphis, Tennessee Memphis is a city in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the seat of Shelby County in the southwest part of the state; it is situated along the Mississippi River. With a population of 633,104 at the 2020 U.S. census, Memphis is the second-mos ...
). *
July 21 Events Pre-1600 * 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson. * 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became t ...
First Indochina War The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam) began in French Indochina from 19 December 1946 to 20 July 1954 between France and Việt Minh (Democratic Republic of Vi ...
: The Geneva Conference sends French forces to the south, and Vietnamese forces to the north, of a ceasefire line, and calls for elections to decide the government for all of
Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
by July 1956. Failure to abide by the terms of the agreement leads to the establishment of the de facto regimes of
North Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
and South Vietnam, and the
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...
. *
July 29 Events Pre-1600 * 587 BC – The Neo-Babylonian Empire sacks Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple. * 615 – Pakal ascends the throne of Palenque at the age of 12. * 904 – Sack of Thessalonica: Saracen raiders under Leo ...
– ''
The Fellowship of the Ring ''The Fellowship of the Ring'' is the first of three volumes of the epic novel ''The Lord of the Rings'' by the English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It is followed by '' The Two Towers'' and ''The Return of the King''. It takes place in the ficti ...
'', the first of three volumes in J.R.R. Tolkien's epic fantasy novel, ''
The Lord of the Rings ''The Lord of the Rings'' is an epic high-fantasy novel by English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien. Set in Middle-earth, intended to be Earth at some time in the distant past, the story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 children's b ...
'', is published in London. * July 31
1954 Italian expedition to K2 On 31 July 1954, Italian climbers Achille Compagnoni and Lino Lacedelli became the first people to reach the summit of K2, the second highest mountain in the world after Mount Everest, which had been summited for the first time the previous y ...
: Italian mountaineers
Lino Lacedelli Lino Lacedelli (4 December 1925 – 20 November 2009) was an Italian mountaineer. Together with Achille Compagnoni, on 31 July 1954 he was the first man to reach the summit of K2. Early life Lacedelli was born in Cortina d'Ampezzo. His climbi ...
and
Achille Compagnoni Achille Compagnoni (26 September 1914 – 13 May 2009) was an Italian mountaineer and skier. Together with Lino Lacedelli on 31 July 1954 he was in the first party to reach the summit of K2. Biography Compagnoni was born in Santa Caterina d ...
become the first to reach the summit of the second highest mountain in the world, in the Karakoram range.


August

*
August 1 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. *AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under ...
– The
First Indochina War The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam) began in French Indochina from 19 December 1946 to 20 July 1954 between France and Việt Minh (Democratic Republic of Vi ...
ends with the
Vietnam People's Army Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
in
North Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
, the
Vietnamese National Army The Vietnamese National Army or Vietnam National Army ( vi, Quân đội Quốc gia Việt Nam, lit=Army of the State of Vietnam, french: Armée Nationale Vietnamienne, lit=Vietnamese National Army) was the State of Vietnam's military force create ...
in South Vietnam, the
Kingdom of Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailand t ...
in
Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailan ...
, and the Kingdom of Laos in Laos, emerging victorious against the French Army. * August 6 – Emilie Dionne, one of the
Dionne quintuplets The Dionne quintuplets (; born May 28, 1934) are the first quintuplets known to have survived their infancy. The identical girls were born just outside Callander, Ontario, near the village of Corbeil. All five survived to adulthood. The Di ...
, dies of
asphyxia Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of deficient supply of oxygen to the body which arises from abnormal breathing. Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which affects primarily the tissues and organs. There are many circumstances that ca ...
tion following an
epileptic seizure An epileptic seizure, informally known as a seizure, is a period of symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Outward effects vary from uncontrolled shaking movements involving much of the body with los ...
. She is the first of the five to perish; three live into the 21st century. * August 16 – The first issue of ''
Sports Illustrated ''Sports Illustrated'' (''SI'') is an American sports magazine first published in August 1954. Founded by Stuart Scheftel, it was the first magazine with circulation over one million to win the National Magazine Award for General Excellence twi ...
'' magazine is published in the United States. *
August 23 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Cae ...
– A
United States Air Force The United States Air Force (USAF) is the Aerial warfare, air military branch, service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Originally created on 1 August 1907, as a part ...
Lockheed C-130 Hercules The Lockheed C-130 Hercules is an American four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft designed and built by Lockheed (now Lockheed Martin). Capable of using unprepared runways for takeoffs and landings, the C-130 was originally desig ...
makes its first flight at Burbank, California, manufactured by Lockheed Martin. *
August 24 Events Pre-1600 * 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father. * 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is written. ...
– Brazilian president
Getúlio Vargas Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician who served as the 14th and 17th president of Brazil, from 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1954. Due to his long and controversial tenure as Brazi ...
commits suicide, after being accused of involvement in a conspiracy to murder his chief political opponent, Carlos Lacerda.


September

*
September 6 Events Pre-1600 * 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: Roman emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills Eugenius the usurper. His Frankish ''magister militum'' Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later. *1492 – Christopher Colu ...
– The
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was an international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, or Manila Pact, signed in September 1954 in Manila, the Philipp ...
(SEATO) treaty is signed in
Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
,
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
. *
September 8 Events Pre-1600 * 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty. *1100 – Election of Antipope Theodo ...
– SEATO is established in
Bangkok Bangkok, officially known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon and colloquially as Krung Thep, is the capital and most populous city of Thailand. The city occupies in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has an estimated populati ...
,
Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...
. *
September 9 Events Pre-1600 * 337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti. *1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. * 1141 – ...
– The 6.7 Chlef earthquake shakes northern
Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...
, with a maximum
Mercalli intensity The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. It measures the eff ...
of XI (''Extreme''). The shock destroys Orléansville, leaving 1,243–1,409 dead, and 5,000 injured. *
September 11 Events Pre-1600 * 9 – The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends: The Roman Empire suffers the greatest defeat of its history and the Rhine is established as the border between the Empire and the so-called barbarians for the next four hu ...
– The Miss America Pageant is broadcast on television for the first time. *
September 14 Events Pre-1600 *AD 81 – Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. * 629 – Emperor Heraclius enters Constantinople in triumph after his victory over the Persian Empire. * 786 – "Night ...
** The
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
carries out the Totskoye nuclear exercise. ** English composer
Benjamin Britten Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976, aged 63) was an English composer, conductor, and pianist. He was a central figure of 20th-century British music, with a range of works including opera, other ...
's chamber opera version of ''
The Turn of the Screw ''The Turn of the Screw'' is an 1898 horror novella by Henry James which first appeared in serial format in '' Collier's Weekly'' (January 27 – April 16, 1898). In October 1898, it was collected in ''The Two Magics'', published by Macmil ...
'' receives its world premiere, at the Teatro La Fenice in
Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The isla ...
, Italy. *
September 15 Events Pre-1600 * 994 – Major Fatimid victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Orontes. *1440 – Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by ...
Black Wednesday Black Wednesday (or the 1992 Sterling crisis) occurred on 16 September 1992 when the UK Government was forced to withdraw sterling from the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM), after a failed attempt to keep its exchange rate above the ...
in air travel: severe delays to flights, due to bad weather, occur along the East Coast of the United States. * September 17
William Golding Sir William Gerald Golding (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1993) was a British novelist, playwright, and poet. Best known for his debut novel ''Lord of the Flies'' (1954), he published another twelve volumes of fiction in his lifetime. In 1980 ...
's allegorical dystopian novel ''
Lord of the Flies ''Lord of the Flies'' is a 1954 novel by the Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding. The plot concerns a group of British boys who are stranded on an uninhabited island and their disastrous attempts to govern themselves. Themes ...
'' is published in London. *
September 18 Events Pre-1600 * 96 – Domitian, who has been conducting a reign of terror for the past three years, is assassinated as a result of a plot by his wife Domitia and two Praetorian prefects. * 96 – Nerva is proclaimed Roman emperor a ...
– Finnish president J. K. Paasikivi is the first Western head of state to be awarded the highest honor of the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
, the
Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration ...
. *
September 20 Events Pre-1600 *1058 – Agnes of Poitou and Andrew I of Hungary meet to negotiate about the border territory of Burgenland. *1066 – At the Battle of Fulford, Harald Hardrada defeats earls Morcar and Edwin. *1187 – Saladin b ...
– The first ''
Moomins The Moomins ( sv, Mumintroll) are the central characters in a series of novels, short stories, and a comic strip by Finns, Finnish writer and illustrator Tove Jansson, originally published in Swedish language, Swedish by Schildts in Finland. The ...
'' comic strip is published in the London newspaper '' The Evening News''. *
September 25 Events Pre-1600 * 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus. * 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt ag ...
Footscray Football Club The Western Bulldogs are a professional Australian rules football team that competes in the Australian Football League (AFL), the sport's premier competition. Founded in 1877 as the Footscray Football Club, and based in West Footscray in the o ...
wins their first Australian Football League
Grand Final Primarily in Australian sports, a grand final (sometimes colloquially abbreviated to "grannie") is a game that decides a sports league's premiership (or championship) winning team, i.e. the conclusive game of a finals (or play-off) series. S ...
. *
September 26 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar dedicates a temple to Venus Genetrix, fulfilling a vow he made at the Battle of Pharsalus. * 715 – Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald at the Battle of Compiègne. *1087 – William II is crown ...
– Japanese ferry '' Tōya Maru'' sinks during a
typhoon A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere. This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, and is the most active tropical cyclone basin on Earth, accounting for a ...
in the
Tsugaru Strait The is a strait between Honshu and Hokkaido in northern Japan connecting the Sea of Japan with the Pacific Ocean. It was named after the western part of Aomori Prefecture. The Seikan Tunnel passes under it at its narrowest point 12.1 miles (1 ...
. More than 1,100 people are killed, 7 other ships are wrecked, and at least nine others seriously damaged. *
September 27 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme river, beginning the Norman conquest of England. * 1331 – The Battle of Płowce is fought, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teuton ...
– ''
The Tonight Show ''The Tonight Show'' is an American late-night talk show that has aired on NBC since 1954. The show has been hosted by six comedians: Steve Allen (1954–1957), Jack Paar (1957–1962), Johnny Carson (1962–1992), Jay Leno (1992–2009 and 201 ...
'' first airs on live television on
NBC The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English-language commercial broadcast television and radio network. The flagship property of the NBC Entertainment division of NBCUniversal, a division of Comcast, its headquarters are l ...
in the United States being the first late night talk show. * September 30 – The , the first nuclear-powered submarine in the world, is commissioned into the
U.S. Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage o ...
.


October

*
October 11 Events Pre-1600 *1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo; it is one of the most destructive earthquakes ever. *1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars. * 1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of Engl ...
** Pre-
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...
: The
Viet Minh The Việt Minh (; abbreviated from , chữ Nôm and Hán tự: ; french: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam, ) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Fro ...
takes control of
North Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
. **
Hurricane Hazel Hurricane Hazel was the deadliest, second costliest, and most intense hurricane of the 1954 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm killed at least 469 people in Haiti before striking the United States near the border between North and Sout ...
crosses over Haiti, killing 1,000. * October 15
Hurricane Hazel Hurricane Hazel was the deadliest, second costliest, and most intense hurricane of the 1954 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm killed at least 469 people in Haiti before striking the United States near the border between North and Sout ...
makes U.S. landfall; it is the only recorded Category 4 hurricane to strike as far north as
North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and ...
*
October 18 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self-inflicted starvation. * 320 – Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philos ...
**
Texas Instruments Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) is an American technology company headquartered in Dallas, Texas, that designs and manufactures semiconductors and various integrated circuits, which it sells to electronics designers and manufacturers globa ...
announces the development of the first commercial transistor radio. The Regency TR-1 goes on sale the following month. ** The comic strip ''Hi and Lois'', by Mort Walker and Dik Browne, is launched in the United States. * October 23 ** West Germany joins NATO. ** London and Paris Conferences#Paris, Paris Agreement sets up the Western European Union to implement the Treaty of Brussels (1948), providing for mutual self-defence and other collaboration between Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. * October 25 – Landslides caused by heavy rains hit Salerno, Italy, killing about 300. * October 26 – Muslim Brotherhood member Mahmoud Abdul Latif tries to kill Gamal Abdel Nasser. * October 31 – Algerian War, Algerian War of Independence: The National Liberation Front (Algeria), Algerian National Liberation Front begins a revolt against French rule.


November

* November 1 – The National Liberation Front (Algeria), FLN attacks representative and public buildings of the French colonial power. * November 2 ** The dock workers' strike in the United Kingdom, UK comes to an end. ** The radio program ''Hancock's Half Hour'', a pioneer in situation comedy, is first broadcast on BBC Radio (a television version will follow in 1956). * November 3 – The first Godzilla (1954 film), ''Godzilla'' film premieres in Tokyo. * November 5 – Japan and Burma sign a peace treaty in Rangoon, to end their long-extinct state of war. * November 10 – U.S. President
Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...
dedicates the USMC War Memorial (Iwo Jima Memorial), at the Arlington National Cemetery. * November 12 – The main immigration port-of-entry in New York Harbor at Ellis Island closes permanently. * November 13 – Great Britain national rugby league team, Great Britain defeats France national rugby league team, France, to capture the first ever Rugby League World Cup in Paris in front of around 30,000 spectators * November 14 –
Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Medit ...
ian president Muhammad Naguib is deposed, and Gamal Abdel Nasser replaces him. * November 22 – ''Berman v. Parker'' (348 U.S. 26): The
U.S. Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...
upholds the federal slum clearance and urban renewal programs. * November 23 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average rises 3.27 points, or 0.86 percent, closing at an all-time high of 382.74. More significantly, this is the first time the Dow has surpassed its peak level, reached just before the Wall Street Crash of 1929. * November 30 – In Sylacauga, Alabama, a four-kilogram piece of the Sylacauga (meteorite), Hodges Meteorite crashes through the roof of a house and badly bruises a napping woman, in the first documented case of an object from outer space hitting a person.


December

* December 1 – The first Hyatt, Hyatt Hotel, The Hyatt House Los Angeles, opens on the grounds of Los Angeles International Airport. It is the first hotel in the world built on an airport property. * December 2 ** Second Red Scare, Red Scare: The United States Senate votes 67–22 to condemn Joseph McCarthy, for "conduct that tends to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute." ** The Taiwan-United States Mutual Defense Treaty is signed. * December 4 – The first Burger King opens in Miami, Miami, Florida. * December 15 – The Netherlands Antilles is created out of the Dutch Caribbean nations. It is dissolved between 1986 and 2010. * December 23 – J. Hartwell Harrison and Joseph Murray perform the world's first successful kidney transplantation, in Boston, Massachusetts. * December 24 – Laos gains full independence from France.


Date titles

* New Zealand engineer Bill Hamilton (engineer), Sir William Hamilton develops the first pump-jet engine (the "Hamilton Jet") capable of propelling a jetboat. * The first electric drip brew coffeemaker is patented in Germany and named the Wigomat after its inventor Gottlob Widmann. * The Boy Scouts of America desegregates on the basis of race. * Gerbils (''Meriones unguiculatus'') are brought to the United States by Dr. Victor Schwentker. * The case of Lothar Malskat, who had admitted that he had painted the supposedly antique frescoes in Marienkirche, Lübeck, Marienkirche himself, goes to trial. * The TV dinner is introduced, by American entrepreneur Gerry Thomas. * In South Vietnam, the
Viet Minh The Việt Minh (; abbreviated from , chữ Nôm and Hán tự: ; french: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam, ) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Fro ...
is reorganised into the Viet Cong. * After the death of Joseph Stalin, the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
starts releasing political prisoners and deportees from its Gulag prison camps.


Births


January

*
January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
** Thomas Aisu, Ugandan physician, educator (d. 2018) ** Djimrangar Dadnadji, 16th prime minister of Chad (d. 2019) * January 2 – Henry Bonilla, American politician * January 3 ** Ned Lamont, American politician ** Ross the Boss, American heavy metal/punk guitarist * January 4 ** Tina Knowles, African-American fashion designer; mother of R&B singers Beyoncé and Solange Knowles ** Dave Ulliott, Dave "The Devilfish" Ulliott, English professional poker player * January 5 – Alex English, American basketball player * January 6 – Anthony Minghella, British film, theatre director (d. 2008) * January 7 ** Jodi Long, American actress ** José María Vitier, Cuban music composer, pianist * January 8 – Julieta Castellanos, Honduran sociologist * January 11 – Kailash Satyarthi, Indian activist, Nobel Peace Prize laureate * January 11 - Balachandra Menon, Indian Malayalam film director and actor *
January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. * 1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already rei ...
– Howard Stern, American radio host * January 13 – Trevor Rabin, South African–American musician * January 14 – Masanobu Fuchi, Japanese professional wrestler * January 15 – Jose Dalisay, Jr., Filipino writer * January 16 – Morten P. Meldal, Danish chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate * January 19 ** Ted DiBiase, American professional wrestler ** Katey Sagal, American actress and singer ** Katharina Thalbach, German actress ** Yumi Matsutōya, Japanese singer-songwriter *
January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when ...
– Thomas de Maizière, German politician * January 22 – Peter Pilz, Austrian politician * January 23 ** Franco De Vita, Venezuelan singer, songwriter ** Edward Ka-Spel, British/Dutch singer and songwriter (The Legendary Pink Dots) * January 28 ** Peter Lampe, German theologian, historian ** Bruno Metsu, French football coach (d. 2013) ** Kaneto Shiozawa, Japanese voice actor (d. 2000) ** Willy Telavi, 11th prime minister of Tuvalu * January 29 ** Yukinobu Hoshino, Japanese cartoonist ** Oprah Winfrey, African-American actress, talk show hostess, producer and publisher * January 31 – Mark Slavin, Israeli wrestler (d. 1972)


February

* February 1 – Bill Mumy, American actor, musician (''Lost In Space'') * February 2 – Christie Brinkley, American model * February 4 – Andrei Karlov, Russian diplomat (d. 2016) * February 7 – Dieter Bohlen, German music producer and singer-songwriter (''Modern Talking, Blue System'') * February 9 – Gina Rinehart, Australian mining tycoon * February 11 – Noriyuki Asakura, Japanese composer * February 12 ** Joseph Jordania, Georgian-Australian musicologist, academic ** Evangelos Basiakos, Greek politician, long term MP, and minister ** Tzimis Panousis, Greek comedian, singer, and author * February 13 – Donnie Moore, American baseball player (d.
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxon Valdez oil tanker runs ...
) * February 15 – Matt Groening, American cartoonist (''The Simpsons'') * February 16 ** Iain Banks, Scottish author (d. 2013) ** Margaux Hemingway, American fashion model and actress (d. 1996) * February 17 ** Rene Russo, American actress, fashion model ** Yuji Takada (wrestler), Yuji Takada, Japanese free-style wrestler ** Brian Houston (pastor), Brian Houston, Australian-New Zealand pastor, author and founder of Hillsong Church * February 18 ** John Travolta, American actor ** Jalaluddin Hassan, Malaysian actor * February 19 ** Messaouda Boubaker, Tunisian writer ** Michael Gira, American musician ** Sócrates, Brazilian footballer (d. 2011) * February 20 ** Anthony Head, English actor, musician ** Patty Hearst, American heiress and kidnap victim * February 23 – Viktor Yushchenko, President of Ukraine * February 24 – Sid Meier, Canadian programmer, game designer, notable for the ''Civilization series, Civilization'' series * February 25 – Gerardo Pelusso, Uruguayan football manager * February 26 – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, List of Presidents of Turkey, 12th President of Turkey


March

*
March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...
** Peter Spellos, American actor, voice actor ** Catherine Bach, American actress (''The Dukes of Hazzard'') ** Ron Howard, American actor, director, producer (''The Andy Griffith Show,'' ''Happy Days'') * March 2 ** Ed Johnstone, Canadian ice hockey player ** Gara Takashima, Japanese voice actress * March 4 ** François Fillon, Prime Minister of France ** Catherine O'Hara, Canadian actress (''Second City Television, SCTV'') ** Irina Ratushinskaya, Russian writer ** Willie Thorne, English snooker player (d. 2020) * March 5 – João Lourenço, President of Angola * March 6 – Harald Schumacher, German football goalkeeper * March 8 ** Marie-Theres Nadig, Swiss alpine skier ** David Wilkie (swimmer), David Wilkie, Scottish former world record holder, Olympic gold medallist swimmer (1976) *
March 9 Events Pre-1600 * 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. * 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. * 1226 &nda ...
** Bobby Sands, Irish republican hunger striker (d. 1981) ** Kevin Wade, American screenwriter, television producer * March 11 – Nicolae Manea, Romanian football player, manager (d.
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
) *
March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
– Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos, The Baroness Amos, British politician * March 15 ** Massimo Bubola, Italian singer, songwriter ** Craig Wasson, American actor * March 16 ** S.A. Griffin, American actor, poet ** Nancy Wilson (rock musician), Nancy Wilson, American rock musician ** Jimmy Nail, English singer, songwriter, actor, film producer, and television writer * March 17 – Lesley-Anne Down, British actress * March 18 – James F. Reilly, American astronaut *
March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. * 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...
– Indu Shahani, Indian educator, Sheriff of Mumbai * March 20 – Louis Sachar, American author *
March 23 Events Pre-1600 *1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. *1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the last rel ...
** Geno Auriemma, American basketball coach ** Hideyuki Hori, Japanese voice actor * March 24 ** Mike Braun, American businessman and politician ** Robert Carradine, American actor ** Donna Pescow, American actress, director (''Angie (TV series), Angie'') ** Rafael Orozco Maestre, Colombian singer (d. 1992) * March 26 ** Wendy Fulton, American actress ** Kazuhiko Inoue, Japanese voice actor ** Clive Palmer, Australian mining tycoon *
March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving. * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...
– Karen Ann Quinlan, American right-to-die cause célèbre (d. 1985)


April

*
April 1 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held. * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. *1081 – Alexios I Ko ...
** Dieter Müller, German soccer player ** Jeff Porcaro, American drummer, songwriter (''Toto (band), Toto'') (d. 1992) * April 2 – Susumu Hirasawa, Japanese musician * April 4 ** Mary-Margaret Humes, American actress ** Tom Ruegger, American animator, screenwriter, storyboard artist, and lyricist * April 5 ** David Edward Maust, American serial killer (d. 2006) ** Guy Bertrand (broadcaster), Guy Bertrand, Canadian linguist, radio/television personality * April 6 ** Judi Bowker, English actress ** Michael Simms (publisher), Michael Simms, American poet, publisher; founded ''Autumn House Press'' *
April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
** Jackie Chan, Hong Kong-born actor, martial artist ** Tony Dorsett, American football player * April 8 – Gary Carter, American baseball player (d.
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gat ...
) * April 9 ** Steve Holt (Canadian musician), Steve Holt, Canadian musician ** Dennis Quaid, American actor * April 10 ** Anacani, Mexican-born American singer (''The Lawrence Welk Show'') ** Angelika Hellmann, East German artistic gymnast *
April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
** Katsuhiro Otomo, Japanese manga artist (''Akira (Akira), Akira'') ** Bruce Sterling, American science fiction writer *
April 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail. * 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide. * 73 – Masad ...
– Ellen Barkin, American actress * April 17 ** Norio Imamura, Japanese voice actor ** Roddy Piper, Canadian wrestler (d. 2015) *
April 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil. * 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. *1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern h ...
– Jōji Nakata, Japanese voice actor * April 23 ** Peter Nyombi, Ugandan lawyer, politician (d. 2018) ** Michael Moore, American filmmaker, political activist (''Bowling for Columbine'') ** Lea Black, American philanthropist, author, television personality, political activist and entrepreneur * April 25 ** Randy Cross, American football player, broadcaster * April 27 ** Herman Edwards, American football head coach ** Frank Bainimarama, Fijian politician *
April 28 Events Pre-1600 * 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire. * 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...
– Michael Daugherty, American composer * April 29 ** Jake Burton Carpenter, American founder of Burton Snowboards (d. 2019) ** Kazuko Kurosawa, Japanese costume designer ** Jerry Seinfeld, American actor, comedian and producer (''Seinfeld'') * April 30 – Jane Campion, New Zealand screenwriter, producer, and director


May

*
May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. *1169 – N ...
** Ray Parker Jr., African-American musician and composer ("Ghostbusters (song), Ghostbusters") ** Maatia Toafa, 2-time prime minister of Tuvalu * May 2 – Elliot Goldenthal, American composer * May 5 – David Azulai, Israeli politician (d. 2018) *
May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...
– Angela Hernández Nuñez, Dominican writer *
May 7 Events Pre-1600 * 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch. * 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I imm ...
** Philippe Geluck, Belgian cartoonist ** Amy Heckerling, American film director ** Diana Raab, American author * May 8 – Pam Arciero, Hawaiian-born puppeteer (''Sesame Street'') * May 10 – Amos Guttman, Israeli film director (d. 1993) * May 13 – Johnny Logan (singer), Johnny Logan, Australian-born Irish singer, composer and Eurovision Song Contest winner (1980, 1987) dubbed as "Mister Eurovision" *
May 14 Events Pre-1600 *1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. * 1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. *1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and force ...
** María Dolores Katarain ("Yoyes"), Spanish Basque separatist leader (d. 1986) ** Peter J. Ratcliffe, English cellular biologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate * May 19 ** Hōchū Ōtsuka, Japanese voice actor ** Phil Rudd, Australian rock drummer (AC/DC) *
May 20 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church. * 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...
– David Paterson, American politician, 55th Governor of New York *
May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. * 1 ...
– Shuji Nakamura, Japanese electronics engineer * May 23 – Marvelous Marvin Hagler, American middleweight boxer and film actor (d. 2021) * May 25 ** Tantely Andrianarivo, 11th prime minister of Madagascar ** Sudirman (singer), Sudirman, Malaysian singer and songwriter (d. 1992) * May 27 ** Pauline Hanson, Australian politician ** Lawrence M. Krauss, American theoretical physicist, science writer ** Coney Reyes, Philippine film and television actress * May 28 – John Tory, Canadian politician *
May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
– Pankaj Kapur, Indian actor


June

* June 2 ** Mattos Nascimento, Brazilian musician, singer, composer and trombonist ** Dennis Haysbert, African-American actor ** Chiyoko Kawashima, Japanese voice actress * June 4 – Kazuhiro Yamaji, Japanese actor, voice actor * June 5 ** Hashim Djojohadikusumo, Indonesian entrepreneur, politician ** Nancy Stafford, American actress, Christian author * June 6 – Harvey Fierstein, American actor *
June 9 Events Pre-1600 *411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy. * 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. * 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending th ...
** John Hagelin, American physicist, U.S. presidential candidate ** Elizabeth May, leader of the Green Party of Canada * June 10 – Kurt Walker (ice hockey), Kurt Walker, American ice hockey player (d. 2018) * June 13 – Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Nigerian-born Director-General of the World Trade Organization *
June 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. * 1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soon ...
– Will Patton, American actor *
June 15 Events Pre-1600 * 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history. * 844 – Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II. * 923 – Battle of So ...
** Jim Belushi, American actor, comedian, singer and musician ** Bob McDonnell, American politician * June 16 – Sergey Kuryokhin, Russian pianist, composer, improvisor, performance artist and actor (d. 1996) * June 19 ** Ted Coombs, American artist ** Kathleen Turner, American actress (''Romancing the Stone'') * June 20 ** Michael Anthony (musician), Michael Anthony, American rock bassist (Van Halen) ** Karlheinz Brandenburg, German electrical engineer, mathematician ** Ilan Ramon, Israeli Air Force fighter pilot, Israel's first astronaut (d. 2003) * June 21 ** Chip Ingram, American Christian pastor, author and orator ** Mark Kimmitt, U.S general ** Anne Kirkbride, British actress (''Coronation Street'') (d. 2015) ** Robert Pastorelli, American actor (d. 2004) ** Jim Tooey, American actor *
June 22 Events Pre-1600 * 217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. * 168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Perseus ...
** Chris Lemmon, American actor, author ** Freddie Prinze, American actor, comedian (''Chico and the Man'') (d. 1977) * June 23 ** Francisco Javier Cuadra, Chilean lawyer, academic and politician ** Carme Pinós, Spanish architect ** James Plaskitt, British politician * June 24 – Chang San-cheng, Taiwanese politician * June 25 ** Luiz Carlos Vasconcelos, Brazilian actor ** Sonia Sotomayor, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States ** Igor Lisovsky, Soviet pair skater ** Abderrazak Kilani, Tunisian politician, lawyer * June 26 – Steve Barton, American actor (d. 2001) *
June 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. *1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. * 1499 – Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coa ...
** Ron Kirk, Mayor of Dallas, Texas ** Anita Zagaria, Italian actress * June 28 ** Daniel Dantas (actor), Daniel Dantas, Brazilian actor ** Ava Barber, American country singer (''The Lawrence Welk Show'') ** Alice Krige, South African actress and producer * June 29 ** Jai Jagadish, Indian film actor, director and producer ** Rick Honeycutt, American baseball player, coach * June 30 ** Serzh Sargsyan, President of Armenia ** Stephen Ouimette, Canadian actor, director ** Mohammad A. Quayum, Bangladeshi academic, writer, editor, critic and translator ** Wayne Swan, Australian politician ** Pierre Charles (Dominican politician), Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (d. 2004)


July

* July 1 ** Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden, Somali politician ** Pedro Guastavino, Argentine politician ** Lawrence Gonzi, Maltese politician and lawyer ** Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, Iraqi-Iranian military commander (d. 2020) ** Hossein Nuri, Iranian artist * July 2 ** Ludmila Aslanian, Armenian chess player ** Peter Randall-Page, British artist ** Wendy Schaal, American actress * July 3 – Pennie Lane Trumbull, American socialite, philanthropist, businesswoman, and entrepreneur *
July 4 Events Pre-1600 *362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans. * 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaime ...
– Anne Lambton, British actress *
July 5 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus ( Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman architect Theophilus Patricius. * 1316 – The Burgundian a ...
** Don Stark, American actor ** John Wright (cricketer, born 1954), John Wright, New Zealand cricket captain * July 6 – Willie Randolph, American baseball player, coach, manager * July 7 ** Robert M. Price, American theologian and writer, Cthulhu Mythos scholar and editor ** Simon Anderson, Australian competitive surfer, surfboard shaper, and writer ** Ursula Stephens, Australian politician * July 8 ** David Aaronovitch, English journalist, television presenter and author ** Matthew Marsh (actor), Matthew Marsh, English actor * July 9 – Kevin O'Leary, Canadian businessman, television personality, and political candidate *
July 10 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina. * 645 – Isshi Incident: Prin ...
** Andre Dawson, American baseball player ** Michele Serra, Italian writer, journalist and satirist ** Neil Tennant, British singer-songwriter, musician and journalist (Pet Shop Boys) ** Yō Yoshimura, Japanese voice actor (d. 1991) ** José González Ganoza, Peruvian footballer (d. 1987) * July 11 – Alejandro Camacho, Mexican actor and producer * July 12 ** Lisa Pelikan, American actress ** Paulo Saldiva, Brazilian professor, physician, pathologist and medical researcher * July 13 – Sezen Aksu, Turkey, Turkish singer *
July 15 Events Pre-1600 *484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome * 70 – First Jewish–Roman War: Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. ( 17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar). * 756 – ...
** Neil Brewer, British musician and songwriter ** Tarak Dhiab, Tunisian footballer ** John Ferguson (rugby league), John Ferguson, Australian rugby league player ** Mario Kempes, Argentine footballer ** Jeff Jarvis, American journalist, professor, public speaker and television critic * July 16 ** Nicholas Frankau, English actor ** Jeanette Mott Oxford, American politician * July 17 ** Angela Merkel, 8th Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic of Germany), Chancellor of Germany ** Richard Bekins, American actor ** Edward Natapei, Vanuatu politician and Prime Minister of Vanuatu (d. 2015) ** J. Michael Straczynski, American author * July 18 – Franziska Troegner, German actress *
July 19 Events Pre-1600 *AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city. * 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is ...
– Verica Kalanović, Serbian politician * July 20 ** Lo Ta-yu, Taiwanese singer and songwriter ** Nguyễn Xuân Phúc, Vietnamese politician; 10th President of Vietnam, 7th Prime Minister of Vietnam ** Wilson Casey, American syndicated columnist and entertainer *
July 21 Events Pre-1600 * 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson. * 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became t ...
– Otto Jespersen (comedian), Otto Jespersen, Norwegian comedian, actor and television personality * July 22 – Pierre Lebeau, Canadian actor * July 24 ** Michael H. O'Brien, American politician (d. 2018) ** Jorge Jesus, Portuguese football player and coach * July 25 – Walter Payton, African-American football player (d. 1999) * July 26 ** Vitas Gerulaitis, American tennis player (d. 1994) ** Leonardo Daniel, Mexican actor and director * July 27 ** Philippe Alliot, French race car driver ** Lynne Frederick, British actress (d. 1994) * July 28 – Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (d. 2013) *
July 29 Events Pre-1600 * 587 BC – The Neo-Babylonian Empire sacks Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple. * 615 – Pakal ascends the throne of Palenque at the age of 12. * 904 – Sack of Thessalonica: Saracen raiders under Leo ...
– Mark Gersmehl, American Christian musician


August

*
August 1 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. *AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under ...
** Gurinder Singh, Baba Gurinder Singh, Fifth and Present Satguru of Radha Soami Satsang Beas ** Philip Trenary, American businessman (d. 2018) ** Michael Badnarik, American software engineer and presidential candidate ** James Gleick, American non fiction author of several award-winning books. ** Junpei Morita, Japanese actor and voice actor * August 2 – David Tang, Hong Kong-British entrepreneur and philanthropist (d. 2017) * August 4 ** Dorottya Udvaros, Hungarian actress ** François Valéry, French singer-songwriter and composer ** Uwe Wittwer, Swiss artist * August 7 – Susanna Javicoli, Italian actress (d. 2005) * August 9 – Pete Thomas (drummer), Pete Thomas, British drummer for the Elvis Costello band * August 11 – Joe Jackson (musician), Joe Jackson, British singer-songwriter (''Steppin' Out'') * August 12 ** François Hollande, President of France 2012–17 ** Sam J. Jones, American actor ** Pat Metheny, American jazz guitarist * August 13 ** Nico Assumpção, Brazilian bass guitar player (d. 2001) ** Tõnu Kilgas, Estonian singer and actor * August 14 ** Mark Fidrych, American baseball player (d. 2009) ** Stanley A. McChrystal, U.S. Army general * August 16 ** James Cameron, Canadian-born film director ** George Galloway, British politician * August 17 ** Anatoly Kudryavitsky, Russian-Irish writer ** Andrés Pastrana Arango, President of Colombia * August 20 ** Tawn Mastrey, American disc jockey and music video producer (d. 2007) ** Al Roker, American television personality and host ** Richarda Schmeisser, East German artistic gymnast * August 21 ** Steve Smith (musician), Steve Smith, American drummer ** Ivan Stang, American author and publisher * August 22 – Jay Patterson, American actor *
August 23 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Cae ...
** Ian Bartholomew, English actor ** Charles Busch, American director, writer and actor ** Halimah Yacob, 8th president of Singapore *
August 24 Events Pre-1600 * 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father. * 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is written. ...
** Joe Ochman, American actor and voice actor ** Philippe Cataldo, French singer * August 25 ** Bruno Manser, Swiss environmental activist (d. 2005) ** Elvis Costello, English singer-songwriter * August 29 – István Cserháti, Hungarian keyboardist (d. 2005) * August 30 – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus * August 31 ** Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia ** Caroline Cossey, British model


September

* September 1 – Dave Lumley, Canadian ice hockey player * September 2 ** Andrej Babiš, Czech entrepreneur and politician, 12th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic ** Vance DeGeneres, American actor ** Zeta Emilianidou, Cypriot lawyer and politician (d. 2022) ** Gai Waterhouse, Australian racehorse trainer ** Humberto Zurita, Mexican actor, director and producer * September 5 – Danny Masterton, Scottish footballer (d. 2020) *
September 6 Events Pre-1600 * 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: Roman emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills Eugenius the usurper. His Frankish ''magister militum'' Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later. *1492 – Christopher Colu ...
– Carly Fiorina, American businesswoman, CEO of Hewlett-Packard, HP (1999-2005) and Senator Ted Cruz's running mate in the 2016 United States presidential election, 2016 presidential election * September 7 ** Corbin Bernsen, American actor ** Michael Emerson, American actor ** Francisco Guterres, 4th president of East Timor *
September 9 Events Pre-1600 * 337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti. *1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. * 1141 – ...
– Mohsen Rezaee, Iranian politician * September 10 – Mark W. Everson, American businessman; 46th Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service (2003–07) * September 13 – Steve Kilbey, Australian musician *
September 14 Events Pre-1600 *AD 81 – Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. * 629 – Emperor Heraclius enters Constantinople in triumph after his victory over the Persian Empire. * 786 – "Night ...
– Buzz Schneider, American professional ice hockey player *
September 15 Events Pre-1600 * 994 – Major Fatimid victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Orontes. *1440 – Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by ...
– Nava Semel, Israeli author and playwright (d. 2017) * September 16 – Ashrita Furman, American record breaker * September 17 ** Wayne Krenchicki, American baseball player (d. 2018) ** Joël-François Durand, French composer *
September 18 Events Pre-1600 * 96 – Domitian, who has been conducting a reign of terror for the past three years, is assassinated as a result of a plot by his wife Domitia and two Praetorian prefects. * 96 – Nerva is proclaimed Roman emperor a ...
– Dennis Johnson, American basketball player (d. 2007) * September 21 ** Shinzō Abe, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2022) ** Thomas S. Ray, American ecologist ** Cass Sunstein, American legal scholar ** Phil "Philthy Animal" Taylor, English drummer (Motörhead and Waysted) * September 23 – Cherie Blair, lawyer, wife of British Prime Minister Tony Blair * September 24 – Lilian Mercedes Letona, Salvadoran guerrilla (d. 1983) *
September 26 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar dedicates a temple to Venus Genetrix, fulfilling a vow he made at the Battle of Pharsalus. * 715 – Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald at the Battle of Compiègne. *1087 – William II is crown ...
– Kevin Kennedy (baseball), Kevin Kennedy, American baseball manager and television host * September 28 – Steve Largent, American football player and congressman * September 29 – Cindy Morgan, American actress * September 30 ** Barry Williams (actor), Barry Williams, American actor ** Patrice Rushen, African-American singer


October

* October 1 – Martin Strel, Slovenian swimmer * October 2 – Wong Tien Fatt, Malaysian politician (d. 2019) * October 3 ** Eddie DeGarmo, American Christian keyboardist and producer ** Dennis Eckersley, American baseball player ** Al Sharpton, African-American civil rights activist, minister and radio talk show host ** Dawayne Bailey, American musician ** Stevie Ray Vaughan, American musician (d. 1990) * October 5 ** Gurudas Kamat, Indian politician (d. 2018) ** Wayne Watson, American Christian musician * October 6 – Howard Hoffman, American voice actor * October 7 – Robert A. Schuller, American televangelist and the son of Robert Schuller * October 9 ** Scott Bakula, American actor (''Quantum Leap'', ''Star Trek: Enterprise'') ** John O'Hurley, American actor and game show host * October 10 ** Mohamed Mounir, Egyptian singer and actor ** David Lee Roth, American rock singer * October 12 ** Evalie A. Bradley, Anguillian politician and member of the House of Assembly of Anguilla. ** Linval Thompson, Jamaican singer and producer * October 13 – Mordechai Vanunu, a former Israeli nuclear technician who revealed secrets of its nuclear weapons program * October 14 – Mohamad Sabu, Malaysian politician * October 15 ** Peter Bakowski, Australian poet ** Michael Garner, English actor *
October 18 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self-inflicted starvation. * 320 – Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philos ...
– Yūji Mitsuya, Japanese voice actor * October 19 ** Ken Stott, Scottish actor ** Ronnie Leitch, Sri Lankan singer and actor (d. 2018) * October 21 – Brian Tobin, sixth Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador. * October 22 – Ellen Gerstell, American voice actress * October 23 – Ang Lee, Taiwanese film director * October 24 ** Doug Davidson, American actor ** Mike Rounds, South Dakota politician ** Malcolm Turnbull, Prime Minister of Australia, 28th Prime Minister of Australia * October 25 ** Laxmikant Berde, Indian actor (d. 2004) ** Mike Eruzione, American ice hockey player * October 26 ** Farit Ismeth Emir, Malaysian news anchor (d. 2020) ** Carlos Agostinho do Rosário, Mozambican politician ** Victor Ciorbea, 56th prime minister of Romania * October 30 ** Kathleen Cody (actor), Kathleen Cody, American actress ** Mario Testino, Peruvian photographer


November

* November 2 – Angela Webber, Australian author, television writer, producer and comedian (d. 2007) * November 3 ** Adam Ant, British rock singer and musician ** Brigitte Lin, Taiwanese actress ** Kathy Kinney, American actress and comedian * November 5 ** Mike Gabriel, American animator and film producer ** Alejandro Sabella, Argentine footballer and manager (d. 2020) * November 6 – Karin Fossum, Norwegian crime fiction writer * November 7 ** Robin Beck, American singer ** Kamal Haasan, Indian actor, dancer, film director, screenwriter, producer and politician ** Jon Taffer, American bar consultant, television host and author * November 8 ** Michael D. Brown, first Undersecretary of Emergency Preparedness and Response, a division of the United States' Department of Homeland Security ** Kazuo Ishiguro, Japanese-born British author, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate * November 11 – Mary Gaitskill, American novelist * November 12 – Rhonda Shear, American television hostess, actress and comedian * November 13 – Chris Noth, American actor * November 14 ** Yanni, Greek musician ** Robert Alberts, Dutch footballer and manager of Persib Bandung ** Willie Hernández, Puerto Rican Major League Baseball player ** Bernard Hinault, French road bicycle racer ** Condoleezza Rice, American politician, 66th United States Secretary of State * November 15 ** Stephen W. Burns, American actor (d. 1990) ** Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland * November 16 – Bruce Edwards (caddy), Bruce Edwards, American golf caddy (d. 2004) * November 19 – Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, President of Egypt * November 20 ** Bin Shimada, Japanese voice actor * November 22 – Paolo Gentiloni, Prime Minister of Italy * November 23 ** Elizabeth Savalla, Brazilian actress ** Bruce Hornsby, American rock singer * November 26 ** Roz Chast, American cartoonist ** Dan Kwong, American performance artist and playwright * November 27 ** Patricia McPherson, American actress ** Kimmy Robertson, American actress * November 28 – Marty Grabstein, American actor and voice actor * November 29 – Coen brothers, Joel Coen, American film director, producer, screenwriter and editor * November – Pierre M'Pelé, African public health personality and writer


December

* December 1 – Bob Goen, American television personality and game show host * December 2 ** Dan Butler, American actor and voice actor ** Stone Phillips, American television journalist * December 3 – Grace Andreacchi, American author * December 4 – Tony Todd, American actor and producer * December 6 – Beat Furrer, Swiss-born Austrian composer and conductor * December 7 – Mark Hofmann, American forger and murderer * December 8 – Sumi Shimamoto, Japanese voice actress * December 9 – Jean-Claude Juncker, Luxembourg politician * December 10 – Jack Hues, English singer and musician (Wang Chung (band), Wang Chung) * December 11 ** Sylvester Clarke, West Indian cricketer (d. 1999) ** Jermaine Jackson, African-American singer and actor ** Prachanda, Nepalese Communist leader * December 13 – John Anderson (musician), John Anderson, American country music singer-songwriter * December 14 ** Ib Andersen, Danish dancer ** Alan Kulwicki, American race car driver (d. 1993) * December 15 – Mark Warner, American politician * December 18 ** Uli Jon Roth, German rock guitarist (''Scorpions'') ** Ray Liotta, American actor and producer (d. 2022) * December 20 ** Binali Yildirim, Prime Minister of Turkey ** Sandra Cisneros, American writer * December 21 – Chris Evert, American tennis player * December 23 – Brian Teacher, American tennis player * December 24 – José María Figueres, Costa Rican politician, President (1994–1998) * December 25 ** Roman Baskin, Estonian actor and director of stage and screen (d. 2018) ** Annie Lennox, British pop musician and lead singer of Eurythmics * December 26 ** Susan Butcher, American dog-sled racer (d. 2006) ** Ozzie Smith, HOF baseball shortstop * December 27 – Teo Chee Hean, Singaporean politician and 5th Senior Minister of Singapore * December 28 ** Gayle King, African-American television personality, journalist, and author ** Lanny Poffo, American professional wrestler ** Denzel Washington, African-American actor * December 29 ** Wang Huanyu, Chinese astrophysicist (d. 2018) ** Albrecht Böttcher, German mathematician ** Roger Voudouris, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2003) * December 31 – Alex Salmond, Scottish politician


Date not known

*Marek Smurzyński, Polish translator, Persian language speaker and translator (d. 2009)


Deaths


January

* January 5 ** Rabbit Maranville, American baseball player (Boston Braves (baseball), Boston Braves) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1891) ** Lillian Rich, English actress (b. 1900) * January 8 – Eduard Wiiralt, Estonian artist (b. 1898) * January 11 ** John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon, British politician (b. 1873) ** Oscar Straus (composer), Oscar Straus, Austrian composer (b. 1870) *
January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. * 1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already rei ...
** William H. P. Blandy, American admiral (b. 1890) ** Elmer H. Geran, American politician (b. 1875) * January 18 – Sydney Greenstreet, English actor (b. 1879) * January 20 – Fred Root, English cricketer (b. 1890) * January 30 ** John Murray Anderson, Canadian theater director and producer (b. 1886) ** Dorothy Price, Irish physician (b. 1890) * January 31 ** Edwin Howard Armstrong, American electrical engineer (b. 1890) ** Florence Bates, American actress (b. 1888)


February

* February 6 – Maxwell Bodenheim, American poet and novelist (murdered) (b. 1892) * February 8 – Laurence Trimble, American actor (b. 1885) * February 9 – Mabel Paige, American actress (b. 1880) * February 11 – Thomas Pierrepoint, British executioner (b. 1870) * February 12 – Dziga Vertov, Russian filmmaker (b. 1896) * February 19 – Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp, 24th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1883) * February 21 – William K. Howard, American film director (b. 1899)


March

* March 7 ** Otto Diels, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1876) ** Will H. Hays, Namesake for the Motion Picture Production Code, Hays Code (b. 1879) *
March 9 Events Pre-1600 * 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. * 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. * 1226 &nda ...
– Vagn Walfrid Ekman, Swedish oceanographer (b. 1874) * March 12 – Marianne Weber, German sociologist and suffragist (b. 1870) *
March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
– Cesar Klein, German painter (b. 1876) * March 24 – Thành Thái, Emperor of Vietnam (b. 1879) * March 26 – Louis Silvers, American film composer (b. 1889) *
March 30 Events Pre-1600 * 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague. *1282 &ndash ...
** Horatio Dresser, American writer (b. 1866) ** Fritz London, German physicist (b. 1900)


April

* April 2 ** Hoyt Vandenberg, United States Air Force, U.S. Air Force general (b. 1899) ** Maud Barger-Wallach, American tennis player (b. 1870) *
April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
– Saburō Kurusu, Japanese diplomat (b. 1886) * April 8 ** Winnifred Eaton (writer), Winnifred Eaton, Canadian author (b. 1875) ** Fritzi Scheff, Austrian-born American actress and singer (b. 1879) * April 10 – Auguste and Louis Lumière, Auguste Lumière, French film pioneer (b. 1862) *
April 12 Events Pre-1600 * 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I. * 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to ...
– Luis Cabrera Lobato, Mexican lawyer, politician and writer (b. 1876) * April 13 – Angus Lewis Macdonald, Nova Scotia Premier (b. 1890) * April 17 – Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, Romanian communist activist and sociologist (b. 1900) * April 27 ** Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski, Polish scientist and explorer who participated in the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, Belgian Antarctic expedition (b. 1872) ** Thorvald Ellegaard, Danish track cyclist (b. 1877) *
April 28 Events Pre-1600 * 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire. * 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...
– Léon Jouhaux, French labor leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1879) * April 29 – Joe May, Austrian-born director (b. 1880)


May

*
May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. *1169 – N ...
– Tom Tyler, American actor (b. 1903) * May 3 – Józef Garbień, Polish footballer and physician (b. 1896) * May 5 – Henri Laurens, French sculptor and illustrator (b. 1885) *
May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...
– B. C. Forbes, Scottish-born publisher (b. 1880) *
May 14 Events Pre-1600 *1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. * 1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. *1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and force ...
– Heinz Guderian, German
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
general (b. 1888) *
May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...
– William March, American writer and soldier (b. 1893) * May 19 – Charles Ives, American composer (b. 1874) *
May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. * 1 ...
– Chief Bender, Native-American baseball player (Philadelphia Athletics) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1884) * May 25 – Robert Capa, Hungarian-born photojournalist (b. 1913) *
May 26 Events Pre-1600 * 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe. * 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire tak ...
– Omer Nishani, former Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly and head of State of Albania (b. 1887)


June

*
June 7 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire). * 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state. * 1002 – Henr ...
Alan Turing Alan Mathison Turing (; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist. Turing was highly influential in the development of theoretical co ...
, British mathematician, cryptanalyst, and pioneer computer scientist (b. 1912) *
June 9 Events Pre-1600 *411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy. * 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. * 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending th ...
– Alain LeRoy Locke, American writer, philosopher and educator (b. 1885) * June 21 – Harvey A. Carr, American psychologists (b. 1873) *
June 22 Events Pre-1600 * 217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. * 168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Perseus ...
– Don Hollenbeck, American newscaster (b. 1905) * June 24 – Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron Denman, 5th Governor-General of Australia (b. 1874) *
June 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. *1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. * 1499 – Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coa ...
– Alfredo Versoza, Filipino Roman Catholic bishop and Servant of God (b. 1877) * June 30 – Andrass Samuelsen, 1st prime minister of Faroe Islands (b. 1873)


July

* July 1 ** Thea von Harbou, German actress (b. 1888) ** Tomás Monje , 41st President of Bolivia (b. 1884) * July 3 – Reginald Marsh (artist), Reginald Marsh, American painter (b. 1898) *
July 4 Events Pre-1600 *362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans. * 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaime ...
– Maria Ripamonti, Italian Roman Catholic Church, Roman Catholic and a Nun, professed religious from the Handmaids of Charity, Ancelle della carità (b. 1909) * July 6 ** Gabriel Pascal, Hungarian-born film producer and director (b. 1894) ** Cornelia Sorabji, Indian-born lawyer (b. 1866) * July 11 – Henry Valentine Knaggs, English physician and author (b. 1859) * July 13 ** Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter (b. 1907) ** Irving Pichel, American actor and director (b. 1891) ** Grantland Rice, American sportswriter (b. 1880) * July 14 ** Jacinto Benavente, Spanish dramatist, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866) ** Jackie Saunders, American silent screen actress (b. 1892) * July 16 – Herms Niel, German composer (b. 1888) * July 17 – Machine Gun Kelly, American gangster (b. 1895) *
July 19 Events Pre-1600 *AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city. * 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is ...
– Hannes Meyer, Swiss architect (b. 1889) * July 28 – Sōjin Kamiyama or "Sojin", Japanese film star during the American silent film era (b. 1884) * July 31 – Princess Antonia of Luxembourg, Luxembourg aristocrat (b. 1899)


August

* August 3 ** Bess Streeter Aldrich, American writer (b. 1881) ** Colette, French novelist (b. 1873) * August 14 – Hugo Eckener, German president of the Zeppelin Dirigible Company (b. 1868) * August 19 – Alcide De Gasperi, Italian statesman and Christian Democracy politician, 30th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1881) * August 21 – Marin Ceaușu, Romanian general (b. 1891) *
August 24 Events Pre-1600 * 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father. * 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is written. ...
Getúlio Vargas Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician who served as the 14th and 17th president of Brazil, from 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1954. Due to his long and controversial tenure as Brazi ...
, 14th and 17th President of Brazil (suicide) (b. 1882) * August 31 – Elsa Barker, American writer (b. 1869)


September

* September 1 – Bert Acosta, American aviator (b. 1895) * September 2 – Franz Leopold Neumann, German- political activist and Marxist theorist (b. 1900) * September 3 – Eugene Pallette, American actor (b. 1889) * September 5 – Eugen Schiffer, German politician (b. 1860) *
September 6 Events Pre-1600 * 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: Roman emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills Eugenius the usurper. His Frankish ''magister militum'' Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later. *1492 – Christopher Colu ...
– Edward C. Kalbfus, American admiral (b. 1877) * September 7 ** Bud Fisher, American cartoonist (b. 1885) ** Glenn Scobey Warner, American college football coach (b. 1871) *
September 8 Events Pre-1600 * 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty. *1100 – Election of Antipope Theodo ...
– André Derain, French artist, painter and sculptor (b. 1880) *
September 20 Events Pre-1600 *1058 – Agnes of Poitou and Andrew I of Hungary meet to negotiate about the border territory of Burgenland. *1066 – At the Battle of Fulford, Harald Hardrada defeats earls Morcar and Edwin. *1187 – Saladin b ...
– Washington Phillips, American gospel singer and instrumentalist (b. 1880) * September 21 – Mikimoto Kōkichi, Japanese pearl farm pioneer (b. 1858) * September 24 – Edward Pilgrim, British homeowner (suicide) (b. 1904) *
September 25 Events Pre-1600 * 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus. * 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt ag ...
– Eugeni d'Ors, Eugenio d'Ors, Spanish writer (b. 1881) *
September 26 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar dedicates a temple to Venus Genetrix, fulfilling a vow he made at the Battle of Pharsalus. * 715 – Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald at the Battle of Compiègne. *1087 – William II is crown ...
– Ellen Roosevelt, American tennis player (b. 1868) *
September 27 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme river, beginning the Norman conquest of England. * 1331 – The Battle of Płowce is fought, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teuton ...
– Maximilian von Weichs, German field marshal (b. 1881) * September 28 – Bert Lytell, American actor (b. 1885) * September 29 – Martin Wetzer, Finnish general (b. 1868)


October

* October 1 – René Le Senne, French philosopher and psychologist (b. 1882) * October 9 – Robert H. Jackson, United States Supreme Court associate justice and chief prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials (b. 1892) * October 12 – George Welch (pilot), George Welch, American aviator (b. 1918) *
October 18 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self-inflicted starvation. * 320 – Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philos ...
– Mieczysław Norwid-Neugebauer, Polish general and politician (b. 1884) * October 19 – Hugh Duffy, American baseball player (Boston Braves (baseball), Boston Braves) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1866) * October 22 – Jibanananda Das, Indian poet, writer, novelist and essayist in Bengali language, Bengali (b. 1899) * October 30 – Wilbur Shaw, American racing driver (b. 1902)


November

* November 3 – Henri Matisse, French painter (b. 1869) * November 10 – Édouard Le Roy, French philosopher and mathematician (b. 1870) * November 13 – Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist, German field marshal (b. 1881) * November 15 – Lionel Barrymore, American actor (b. 1878) * November 16 – Albert Francis Blakeslee, American botanist (b. 1874) * November 17 ** Ludovic Dauș, Romanian novelist and playwright (b. 1873) ** Yitzhak Lamdan, Russian-born Israeli poet and columnist (b. 1899) * November 20 – Clyde Cessna, American aviator and aircraft designer and manufacturer, founder of the Cessna, Cessna Aircraft Corporation (b. 1879) * November 21 – Jess McMahon, American professional boxing and wrestling promoter; founder of WWE#Capitol Wrestling Corporation (1952-1963), Capitol Wrestling Corporation (b. 1882) * November 22 ** Moroni Olsen, American actor (b. 1889) ** Andrey Vyshinsky, Russian jurist and diplomat, former Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union), Soviet Foreign Minister (b. 1883) * November 28 – Enrico Fermi, Italian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1901) * November 29 – Dink Johnson, American musician (b. 1892) * November 30 – Wilhelm Furtwängler, German conductor (b. 1886)


December

* December 1 – Fred Rose (songwriter), Fred Rose, American songwriter (b. 1898) * December 8 ** Claude Cahun, French photographer and writer (b. 1894) ** Gladys George, American actress (b. 1904) * December 20 – James Hilton (novelist), James Hilton, English novelist (b. 1900) * December 23 – René Iché, French sculptor (b. 1897) * December 25 ** Ioan Arbore, Romanian general (b. 1892) ** Liberty Hyde Bailey, American botanist (b. 1858) * December 30 ** Archduke Eugen of Austria, Austrian field marshal (b. 1863) ** Günther Quandt, German industrialist who founded an industrial empire that today includes BMW and Altana (b. 1881)


Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Max Born, Walther Bothe * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Linus Pauling * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – John Franklin Enders, Thomas Huckle Weller, Frederick Chapman Robbins * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Ernest Hemingway * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.


References

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