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Events

Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix.


January

* January 1 – The
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...
Royal Army Medical Corps The Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) is a specialist corps in the British Army which provides medical services to all Army personnel and their families, in war and in peace. The RAMC, the Royal Army Veterinary Corps, the Royal Army Dental Corps a ...
carries out the first successful
blood transfusion Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood products into a person's circulation intravenously. Transfusions are used for various medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. Early transfusions used whole blood, but mo ...
, using blood that had been stored and cooled. * January 9 – WWI: Gallipoli Campaign: The last British troops are evacuated from
Gallipoli The Gallipoli peninsula (; tr, Gelibolu Yarımadası; grc, Χερσόνησος της Καλλίπολης, ) is located in the southern part of East Thrace, the European part of Turkey, with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles s ...
, as the Ottoman Empire prevails over a joint British and French operation to capture Constantinople. * January 10 – WWI: Erzurum Offensive: Russia defeats the Ottoman Empire. * January 12 – The Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, part of the
British Empire The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts esta ...
, is established in present-day Tuvalu and Kiribati. * January 13 – WWI: Battle of Wadi: Ottoman Empire forces defeat the British, during the Mesopotamian campaign in modern-day Iraq. * January 29 – WWI: Paris is bombed by
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...
zeppelin A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship named after the German inventor Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin () who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874Eckener 1938, p ...
s. *
January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...
– WWI: An attack is planned on Verdun, France.


February

* February 9 – 6.00 p.m. –
Tristan Tzara Tristan Tzara (; ; born Samuel or Samy Rosenstock, also known as S. Samyro; – 25 December 1963) was a Romanian and French avant-garde poet, essayist and performance artist. Also active as a journalist, playwright, literary and art critic, comp ...
"founds" the art movement
Dadaism Dada () or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century, with early centres in Zürich, Switzerland, at the Cabaret Voltaire (Zurich), Cabaret Voltaire (in 1916). New York Dada began c. 1915, and after 192 ...
(according to Hans Arp). * February 11 ** Emma Goldman is arrested, for lecturing on
birth control Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Birth control has been used since ancient times, but effective and safe methods of birth contr ...
in the United States. ** The
Baltimore Symphony Orchestra The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra is an American symphony orchestra based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Baltimore SO has its principal residence at the Joseph Meyerhoff Symphony Hall, where it performs more than 130 concerts a year. In 2005, it bega ...
presents its first concert in the United States. ** The Romanian football club Sportul Studențesc is founded in
Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...
. * February 12 – WWI –
Battle of Salaita Hill The Battle of Salaita Hill (German: ''Battle of Oldoboro Hill'') was the first large-scale engagement of the East African Campaign of the First World War to involve British, Indian, Rhodesian, and South African troops. The battle took place on Fe ...
( East African Campaign): South African and other British Empire troops fail to take a German East African defensive position. * February 21 – WWI: The
Battle of Verdun The Battle of Verdun (french: Bataille de Verdun ; german: Schlacht um Verdun ) was fought from 21 February to 18 December 1916 on the Western Front (World War I), Western Front in France. The battle was the longest of the First World War and ...
begins in France.


March

* March 89
Mexican Revolution The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: Pancho Villa leads about 500 Mexican raiders in an attack against Columbus, New Mexico, killing 12 U.S. soldiers. A garrison of the U.S.
13th Cavalry Regiment The 13th Cavalry Regiment ("13th Horse") is a unit of the United States Army. The 2nd Squadron is currently stationed at Fort Bliss, Texas, as part of the 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division. History The 13th Cavalry Regimen ...
fights back and drives them away. * March 10 – The
McMahon–Hussein Correspondence The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence is a series of letters that were exchanged during World War I in which the Government of the United Kingdom agreed to recognize Arab independence in a large region after the war in exchange for the Shari ...
concludes with an understanding that the United Kingdom would recognise Arab independence in return for Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, launching the
Arab Revolt The Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية, ) or the Great Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية الكبرى, ) was a military uprising of Arab forces against the Ottoman Empire in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. On t ...
against the Ottoman Empire. * March 15 – United States President
Woodrow Wilson Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of ...
sends 12,000 United States troops over the U.S.–Mexico border to pursue Pancho Villa; the 13th Cavalry regiment enters Mexican territory. * March 16
Mexican Revolution The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: The U.S.
7th 7 (seven) is the natural number following 6 and preceding 8. It is the only prime number preceding a cube. As an early prime number in the series of positive integers, the number seven has greatly symbolic associations in religion, mythology, s ...
and 10th Cavalry regiments under John J. Pershing cross the border, to join the hunt for Villa. *
March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthelred ...
– The temporary Emperor of China, Yuan Shikai, abdicates the throne, and the Republic of China is restored once again. *
March 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6. * 1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margat ...
– French ferry is torpedoed by in the English Channel, with at least 50 killed (including the composer Enrique Granados), resulting on
May 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''. * 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus ar ...
in the ''Sussex'' Pledge by Germany to the United States, suspending its intensified submarine warfare policy.


April

*
April April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. It is the first of four months to have a length of 30 days, and the second of five months to have a length of less than 31 days. April is commonly associated with ...
** The toggle light switch is invented, by William J. Newton and Morris Goldberg. ** Korea Tungsten was founded in Daegu, as predecessor of leading steel product in Asia,
POSCO POSCO (formerly Pohang Iron and Steel Company) is a South Korean steel-making company headquartered in Pohang, South Korea. It had an output of of crude steel in 2015, making it the world's fourth-largest steelmaker by this measure. In 2010, i ...
(Pohang Steel Company). *
April 11 Events Pre-1600 * 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. *1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. *1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferrares ...
– WWI: The
Egyptian Expeditionary Force The Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) was a British Empire military formation, formed on 10 March 1916 under the command of General Archibald Murray from the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force and the Force in Egypt (1914–15), at the beginning o ...
begins the occupation of the Sinai Peninsula. *
April 20 Events Pre-1600 *1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. 1601–1900 *1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament. *1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys a ...
– The
Chicago Cubs The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago. The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as part of the National League (NL) Central division. The club plays its home games at Wrigley Field, which is locate ...
play their first game at Weeghman Park (modern-day Wrigley Field), defeating the
Cincinnati Reds The Cincinnati Reds are an American professional baseball team based in Cincinnati. They compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) National League Central, Central division and were a charter member of ...
7–6 in 11 innings. *
April 22 Events Pre-1600 *1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil. *1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. *1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern hem ...
– The
Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of v ...
troop transport capsizes off the Chinese coast; at least 1,000 are killed. *
April 24 Events Pre-1600 *1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ma ...
30 – The Easter Rising occurs in Ireland. Members of the
Irish Republican Brotherhood The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB; ) was a secret oath-bound fraternal organisation dedicated to the establishment of an "independent democratic republic" in Ireland between 1858 and 1924.McGee, p. 15. Its counterpart in the United States ...
proclaim an Irish Republic, and the
Irish Volunteers The Irish Volunteers ( ga, Óglaigh na hÉireann), sometimes called the Irish Volunteer Force or Irish Volunteer Army, was a military organisation established in 1913 by Irish nationalists and republicans. It was ostensibly formed in respons ...
and Irish Citizen Army occupy the
General Post Office The General Post Office (GPO) was the state postal system and telecommunications carrier of the United Kingdom until 1969. Before the Acts of Union 1707, it was the postal system of the Kingdom of England, established by Charles II in 1660. ...
and other buildings in Dublin, before surrendering to the British Army. *
April 24 Events Pre-1600 *1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ma ...
May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...
Voyage of the ''James Caird'': An open boat journey from
Elephant Island Elephant Island is an ice-covered, mountainous island off the coast of Antarctica in the outer reaches of the South Shetland Islands, in the Southern Ocean. The island is situated north-northeast of the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, west-so ...
in the South Shetland Islands to
South Georgia South Georgia ( es, Isla San Pedro) is an island in the South Atlantic Ocean that is part of the British Overseas Territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. It lies around east of the Falkland Islands. Stretching in the east� ...
in the southern Atlantic Ocean () is undertaken by Sir
Ernest Shackleton Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton (15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic. He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of A ...
and five companions, to obtain rescue for the main body of the
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–1917 is considered to be the last major expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Conceived by Sir Ernest Shackleton, the expedition was an attempt to make the first land crossing ...
, following the loss of its ship ''Endurance''. *
April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...
– WWI:
Gas attack at Hulluch The Gas Attacks at Hulluch were two German cloud gas attacks on British troops during World War I, from 27 to 29 April 1916, near the village of Hulluch, north of Loos in northern France. The gas attacks were part of an engagement between di ...
in France: The 47th Brigade,
16th (Irish) Division The 16th (Irish) Division was an infantry division of the British Army, raised for service during World War I. The division was a voluntary 'Service' formation of Lord Kitchener's New Armies, created in Ireland from the 'National Volunteers', ...
is decimated, in one of the most heavily concentrated German gas attacks of the war. *
April 29 Events Pre-1600 *1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. *1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and beco ...
– WWI: Mesopotamian campaign – The
Siege of Kut The siege of Kut Al Amara (7 December 1915 – 29 April 1916), also known as the first battle of Kut, was the besieging of an 8,000 strong British Army garrison in the town of Kut, south of Baghdad, by the Ottoman Army. In 1915, its population ...
ends with the surrender of
British Indian Army The British Indian Army, commonly referred to as the Indian Army, was the main military of the British Raj before its dissolution in 1947. It was responsible for the defence of the British Indian Empire, including the princely states, which cou ...
forces to the Ottoman Empire at
Kut-al-Amara Kūt ( ar, ٱلْكُوت, al-Kūt), officially Al-Kut, also spelled Kutulamare or Kut al-Imara, is a city in eastern Iraq, on the left bank of the Tigris River, about south east of Baghdad. the estimated population is about 389,400 people. It ...
on the
Tigris The Tigris () is the easternmost of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, and empties into the P ...
in Basra Vilayet.


May

*
May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. * 1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 13 ...
** United States Marines invade the Dominican Republic. **
Britain Britain most often refers to: * The United Kingdom, a sovereign state in Europe comprising the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands * Great Britain, the largest island in the United King ...
and France conclude the secret
Sykes–Picot Agreement The Sykes–Picot Agreement () was a 1916 secret treaty between the United Kingdom and France, with assent from the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy, to define their mutually agreed spheres of influence and control in an eventual partition ...
, which is to divide Arab areas of the Ottoman Empire, following the conclusion of WWI and the
partitioning of the Ottoman Empire The partition of the Ottoman Empire (30 October 19181 November 1922) was a geopolitical event that occurred after World War I and the occupation of Constantinople by British, French and Italian troops in November 1918. The partitioning was ...
, into French and British spheres of influence. * May 31
June 1 Events Pre-1600 *1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. * 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king ...
– WWI:
Battle of Jutland The Battle of Jutland (german: Skagerrakschlacht, the Battle of the Skagerrak) was a naval battle fought between Britain's Royal Navy Grand Fleet, under Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, and the Imperial German Navy's High Seas Fleet, under Vice-Ad ...
, between the British
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against ...
's Grand Fleet and the Imperial German Navy's High Seas Fleet in the North Sea, the war's only large-scale clash of battleships. The result is tactically inconclusive, but British dominance of the North Sea is maintained.


June

*
June 4 Events Pre-1600 *1411 – King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries. *1561 – The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathedra ...
– WWI: The Brusilov Offensive, the height of Russian operations in the war, begins with their breaking through Austro-Hungarian lines. *
June 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights. * 1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles of Salerno. * 1288 ...
– WWI: sinks, having hit a mine off the
Orkney Islands Orkney (; sco, Orkney; on, Orkneyjar; nrn, Orknøjar), also known as the Orkney Islands, is an archipelago in the Northern Isles of Scotland, situated off the north coast of the island of Great Britain. Orkney is 10 miles (16 km) north ...
, Scotland, with Lord Kitchener aboard. * June 10: The
Arab Revolt The Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية, ) or the Great Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية الكبرى, ) was a military uprising of Arab forces against the Ottoman Empire in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. On t ...
against the Ottoman Empire, to create a single unified Arab state spanning from
Aleppo )), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black". , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = ...
to
Aden Aden ( ar, عدن ' Yemeni: ) is a city, and since 2015, the temporary capital of Yemen, near the eastern approach to the Red Sea (the Gulf of Aden), some east of the strait Bab-el-Mandeb. Its population is approximately 800,000 people. ...
, is formally declared by Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca. * June 15 – U.S. President
Woodrow Wilson Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of ...
signs a bill incorporating the
Boy Scouts of America The Boy Scouts of America (BSA, colloquially the Boy Scouts) is one of the largest scouting organizations and one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with about 1.2 million youth participants. The BSA was founded ...
. * June 24 - Mary Pickford, becomes the first movie star to sign a million-dollar contract, making her one of the highest-paid people in the world.


July

*
July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
November 18 – WWI: Battle of the Somme, opening with explosion of the British Y Sap and
Lochnagar mine The Lochnagar mine south of the village of La Boisselle in the Somme was an underground explosive charge, secretly planted by the British during the First World War, to be ready for 1 July 1916, the first day on the Somme. The mine was dug by ...
s and the Battle of Albert: More than one million soldiers die, with 57,470
British Empire The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts esta ...
casualties on the first day, 19,240 of them killed, the British Army's bloodiest day. The immediate result is tactically inconclusive. *
July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
12
Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916 The Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916 were a series of shark attacks along the coast of New Jersey, in the United States, between July 1 and 12, 1916, in which four people were killed and one injured. The incidents occurred during a deadly summer ...
: At least one shark attacks 5 swimmers along of New Jersey coastline, resulting in 4 deaths and the survival of one youth, who requires limb amputation. This event is the inspiration for author
Peter Benchley Peter Bradford Benchley (May 8, 1940 – February 11, 2006) was an American author, screenwriter, and ocean activist. He is known for his bestselling novel '' Jaws'' and co-wrote its film adaptation with Carl Gottlieb. Several more of his works ...
, over half a century later, to write ''
Jaws Jaws or Jaw may refer to: Anatomy * Jaw, an opposable articulated structure at the entrance of the mouth ** Mandible, the lower jaw Arts, entertainment, and media * Jaws (James Bond), a character in ''The Spy Who Loved Me'' and ''Moonraker'' * ...
''. *
July 2 Events Pre-1600 * 437 – Emperor Valentinian III begins his reign over the Western Roman Empire. His mother Galla Placidia ends her regency, but continues to exercise political influence at the court in Rome. * 626 – Li Shimin, ...
– WWI:
Battle of Erzincan A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eight ...
n forces defeat troops of the Ottoman Empire in
Armenia Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''Ox ...
. *
July 15 Events Pre-1600 *484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome * 70 – First Jewish–Roman War: Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. (17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar). * 756 &ndash ...
– In Seattle,
William Boeing William Edward Boeing (; October 1, 1881 – September 28, 1956) was an American aviation pioneer who founded the Pacific Airplane Company in 1916, which a year later was renamed to The Boeing Company, now the largest exporter in the United St ...
incorporates ''Pacific Aero Products'' (later renamed ''
Boeing The Boeing Company () is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, satellites, telecommunications equipment, and missiles worldwide. The company also provides leasing and produc ...
''). *
July 15 Events Pre-1600 *484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome * 70 – First Jewish–Roman War: Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. (17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar). * 756 &ndash ...
19 – WWI:
Battle of Delville Wood The Battle of Delville Wood was a series of engagements in the 1916 Battle of the Somme in the First World War, between the armies of the German Empire and the British Empire. Delville Wood , was a thick tangle of trees, chiefly beech an ...
– 766 men from the South African Brigade are killed, in South Africa's biggest loss during the First World War. *
July 19 Events Pre-1600 *AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city. * 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is r ...
20 – WWI:
Battle of Fromelles The Attack at Fromelles (, Battle of Fromelles, Battle of Fleurbaix or ) 19–20 July 1916, was a military operation on the Western Front during the First World War. The attack was carried out by British and Australian troops and was subsidiary ...
– An attack by Australian and British troops is repulsed by the German army, with heavy casualties. * July 22
Preparedness Day Bombing The Preparedness Day Bombing was a bombing in San Francisco, California, United States, on July 22, 1916, of a parade organised by local supporters of the Preparedness Movement which advocated American entry into World War I. During the parade a ...
: In San Francisco, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a Preparedness Day parade, killing 10 and injuring 40; Warren Billings and
Tom Mooney Thomas Joseph Mooney (December 8, 1882 – March 6, 1942) was an American political activist and labor leader, who was convicted with Warren K. Billings of the San Francisco Preparedness Day Bombing of 1916. It quickly became apparent that M ...
are later wrongly convicted of it. *
July 26 Events Pre-1600 * 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I. * 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seriou ...
– WWI: East African Campaign – The German armed ship SMS ''Graf von Goetzen'' scuttles herself on Lake Tanganyika. *
July 29 Events Pre-1600 *587 BC – The Neo-Babylonian Empire sacks Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple. * 615 – Pakal ascends the throne of Palenque at the age of 12. * 904 – Sack of Thessalonica: Saracen raiders under Leo o ...
Matheson Fire The great Matheson Fire was a deadly forest fire that passed through the region surrounding the communities of Black River-Matheson and Iroquois Falls, Ontario, Canada, on July 29, 1916. As was common practice at the time, settlers cleared land ...
: In Ontario, Canada, a lightning strike ignites a forest fire that destroys the towns of Cochrane and Matheson, killing 233. *
July 30 Events Pre-1600 * 762 – Baghdad is founded. *1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council. *1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Island ...
– German agents cause the
Black Tom explosion The Black Tom explosion was an act of sabotage by agents of the German Empire, to destroy U.S.-made munitions that were to be supplied to the Allies in World War I. The explosions, which occurred on July 30, 1916, in New York Harbor, killed fo ...
in Jersey City, New Jersey, an act of sabotage destroying an ammunition depot and killing at least 7 people.


August

*
August August is the eighth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, and the fifth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. Its zodiac sign is Leo and was originally named ''Sextilis'' in Latin because it was the 6th month in ...
Robert Baden-Powell publishes '' The Wolf Cub's Handbook'' in the U.K., establishing the basis of the junior section of the
Scouting Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worldwide youth movement employing the Scout method, a program of informal education with an emphasis on practical outdoor activities, including camping, woodcraft, aquatics, hiking, backpack ...
movement, the Wolf Cubs (modern-day
Cub Scout Cub Scouts, Cubs or Wolf Cubs are programs associated with Scouting for young children usually between 7 and 12, depending on the organization to which they belong. A participant in the program is called a Cub. A group of Cubs is called a 'P ...
s). *
August 3 Events Pre-1600 * 8 – Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats the Dalmatae on the river Bosna. * 435 – Deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emperor ...
5 – WWI: Sinai and Palestine Campaign
Battle of Romani The Battle of Romani was the last ground attack of the Central Powers on the Suez Canal at the beginning of the Sinai and Palestine campaign during the First World War. The battle was fought between 3 and 5 August 1916 near the Egyptian town o ...
: British Imperial troops secure victory over a joint Ottoman-German force. *
August 7 Events Pre-1600 * 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer. * 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of Co ...
– WWI: ** Portugal joins the Allies. ** French and British forces make an unopposed entry into German-controlled
Togoland Togoland was a German Empire protectorate in West Africa from 1884 to 1914, encompassing what is now the nation of Togo and most of what is now the Volta Region of Ghana, approximately 90,400 km2 (29,867 sq mi) in size. During the period ...
; on
December 27 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – The second Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is consecrated. *1512 – The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the conduct of settlers with regard to native Indians in the New World. *1521 – ...
the country is partitioned between the two allies. *
August 9 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Caesar's Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt. * 378 – Gothic War: Battle of Adrianople: A large Roman army led by Emperor Valens ...
Lassen Volcanic National Park is established in California. *
August 15 Events Pre-1600 * 636 – Arab–Byzantine wars: The Battle of Yarmouk between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate begins. * 717 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik begins the Second Arab Siege of Constan ...
Club Atlas Atlas Fútbol Club () is a Mexican professional football club based in Guadalajara, Jalisco that currently plays in Liga MX. It plays home matches at the Estadio Jalisco. Founded in 1916, Atlas has won three league titles and four domestic cup ...
is founded as an association football club in
Guadalajara Guadalajara ( , ) is a metropolis in western Mexico and the capital of the state of Jalisco. According to the 2020 census, the city has a population of 1,385,629 people, making it the 7th largest city by population in Mexico, while the Guadalaj ...
, Mexico, by English-educated players. *
August 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs. * 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamda ...
– The
Migratory Bird Treaty The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 (MBTA), codified at (although §709 is omitted), is a United States federal law, first enacted in 1918 to implement the convention for the protection of migratory birds between the United States and Canada ...
between Canada and the United States is signed. *
August 17 Events Pre-1600 *309/ 310 – Pope Eusebius is banished by the Emperor Maxentius to Sicily, where he dies, possibly from a hunger strike. * 682 – Pope Leo II begins his pontificate. * 986 – Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: Battle ...
(August 4 O.S.) – WWI: The Treaty of Bucharest is signed secretly between Romania and the Entente Powers, stipulating the conditions under which Romania agrees to join the war on their side, particularly territorial promises in
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1 ...
. *
August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. * 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. *1169 – Battle ...
– WWI: Peru declares neutrality. *
August 25 Events Pre-1600 * 19 – The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to ...
– U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signs legislation, creating the National Park Service. *
August 27 Events Pre-1600 * 410 – The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths ends after three days. *1172 – Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned junior king and queen of England. *1232 – Shikken Hojo Yasutoki of the Kam ...
– WWI: The Kingdom of Romania declares war on the
Central Powers The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmächte; hu, Központi hatalmak; tr, İttifak Devletleri / ; bg, Централни сили, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in W ...
, entering the war on the side of the Allies. *
August 28 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – The Roman general Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his capital city, Ravenna. * 489 – Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way ...
– WWI: ** Germany declares war on Romania. ** Italy declares war on Germany. *
August 29 Events Pre-1600 * 708 – Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708). * 870 – The city of Melite surrenders to an Aghlabid army following a siege, putting an end to Byzantine ...
– The United States passes the
Philippine Autonomy Act The Jones Law (, . 416, also known as the Jones Act, the Philippine Autonomy Act, and the Act of Congress of August 29, 1916) was an Organic Act passed by the United States Congress. The law replaced the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 ...
. *
August 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Titus ends the siege of Jerusalem after destroying Herod's Temple. *1282 – Peter III of Aragon lands at Trapani to intervene in the War of the Sicilian Vespers. * 1363 – The five-week Battle of Lake ...
– The crew of the
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–1917 is considered to be the last major expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Conceived by Sir Ernest Shackleton, the expedition was an attempt to make the first land crossing ...
's is rescued from
Elephant Island Elephant Island is an ice-covered, mountainous island off the coast of Antarctica in the outer reaches of the South Shetland Islands, in the Southern Ocean. The island is situated north-northeast of the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, west-so ...
.


September

* September 1
Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Maced ...
declares war on Romania, going on to take
Dobruja Dobruja or Dobrudja (; bg, Добруджа, Dobrudzha or ''Dobrudža''; ro, Dobrogea, or ; tr, Dobruca) is a historical region in the Balkans that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania. I ...
. *
September 2 Events Pre-1600 *44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. * 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his '' Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of t ...
– WWI: British pilot
Leefe Robinson William Leefe Robinson VC (14 July 1895 – 31 December 1918) was the first British pilot to shoot down a German airship over Britain during the First World War. For this, he was awarded the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest award for gallan ...
becomes the first to shoot down a German
airship An airship or dirigible balloon is a type of aerostat or lighter-than-air aircraft that can navigate through the air under its own power. Aerostats gain their lift from a lifting gas that is less dense than the surrounding air. In early ...
over Britain. * September 4 – WWI: East African CampaignDar es Salaam surrenders to British Empire forces, securing them control of the Central Line of railway through German East Africa. *
September 5 Events Pre-1600 * 917 – Liu Yan declares himself emperor, establishing the Southern Han state in southern China, at his capital of Panyu. *1367 – Swa Saw Ke becomes king of Ava *1590 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Hen ...
D. W. Griffith David Wark Griffith (January 22, 1875 – July 23, 1948) was an American film director. Considered one of the most influential figures in the history of the motion picture, he pioneered many aspects of film editing and expanded the art of the n ...
's film '' Intolerance: Love's Struggle Through the Ages'' is released in the United States. *
September 6 Events Pre-1600 * 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: Roman emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills Eugenius the usurper. His Frankish ''magister militum'' Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later. *1492 – Christopher Colu ...
– The first true self-service
grocery store A grocery store ( AE), grocery shop ( BE) or simply grocery is a store that primarily retails a general range of food products, which may be fresh or packaged. In everyday U.S. usage, however, "grocery store" is a synonym for supermarket, an ...
, Piggly Wiggly, is founded in Memphis, Tennessee, by
Clarence Saunders Clarence Saunders may refer to: * Clarence Saunders (grocer) Clarence Saunders (9 August 1881 – 14 October 1953) was an American grocer who first developed the modern retail sales model of self service. His ideas have had a massive influence o ...
, opening 5 days later. *
September 11 Events Pre-1600 * 9 – The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends: The Roman Empire suffers the greatest defeat of its history and the Rhine is established as the border between the Empire and the so-called barbarians for the next four hu ...
– A mechanical failure causes the central span of the
Quebec Bridge The Quebec Bridge (french: pont de Québec) is a road, rail, and pedestrian bridge across the lower Saint Lawrence River between Sainte-Foy (a former suburb that in 2002 became a western area of Quebec City) and Lévis, in Quebec, Canada. The p ...
, a
cantilever A cantilever is a rigid structural element that extends horizontally and is supported at only one end. Typically it extends from a flat vertical surface such as a wall, to which it must be firmly attached. Like other structural elements, a canti ...
-type structure, to crash into the Saint Lawrence River for the second time, killing 13 workers. *
September 13 Events Pre-1600 *585 BC – Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victories over the Sabines, and the surrender of Collatia. *509 BC – The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Rome's Capitoline Hil ...
Mary Mary may refer to: People * Mary (name), a feminine given name (includes a list of people with the name) Religious contexts * New Testament people named Mary, overview article linking to many of those below * Mary, mother of Jesus, also call ...
, a circus elephant, is hanged in the town of
Erwin, Tennessee Erwin is a town in and the county seat of Unicoi County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 6,097 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City– Kingspo ...
for killing her handler, Walter "Red" Eldridge. * September 1522 – WWI –
Battle of Flers–Courcelette The Battle of Flers–Courcelette (, 15 to 22 September 1916) was fought during the Battle of the Somme in France, by the French Sixth Army and the British Fourth Army and Reserve Army, against the German 1st Army, during the First World Wa ...
, France: The battle is significant for the first use of the tank in warfare; also for the debut of the
Canadian Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source o ...
and New Zealand Divisions in the Battle of the Somme. *
September 19 Events Pre-1600 * 85 – Nerva, suspected of complicity of the death of Domitian, is declared emperor by Senate. The Senate then annuls laws passed by Domitian and orders his statues to be destroyed. * 634 – Siege of Damascus: Th ...
– WWI: East African Campaign – Belgian troops occupy
Tabora Tabora is the capital of Tanzania's Tabora Region and is classified as a municipality by the Tanzanian government. It is also the administrative seat of Tabora Urban District. According to the 2012 census, the district had a population of 226,999 ...
in German East Africa. *
September 27 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme river, beginning the Norman conquest of England. *1331 – The Battle of Płowce is fought, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teuton ...
Iyasu V of Ethiopia is deposed in a palace coup, in favour of his aunt Zewditu. *
September 29 Events Pre-1600 *61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday. * 1011 – Danes capture Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah, a ...
John D. Rockefeller John Davison Rockefeller Sr. (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) was an American business magnate and philanthropist. He has been widely considered the wealthiest American of all time and the richest person in modern history. Rockefeller was ...
becomes the first person ever to reach a nominal personal fortune of US$1 billion


October

*
October 7 Events Pre-1600 * 3761 BC – The epoch reference date (start) of the modern Hebrew calendar. * 1403 – Venetian–Genoese wars: The Genoese fleet under a French admiral is defeated by a Venetian fleet at the Battle of Modon. * 1477 ...
– the
Georgia Tech The Georgia Institute of Technology, commonly referred to as Georgia Tech or, in the state of Georgia, as Tech or The Institute, is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta, Georgia. Established in 1885, it is part o ...
and Cumberland College football game ends in a score of 222-0. *
October 12 Events Pre-1600 *539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire. (Julian calendar) * 633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance u ...
Hipólito Yrigoyen is elected President of Argentina. *
October 14 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings. *1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's ...
Perm State University Perm State University (now Perm State National Research University; russian: Пермский университет, Пермский государственный университет, , romanised: , ) or PSU, PSNRU (russian: ПГУ, , ...
is founded in
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eight ...
. *
October 16 Events Pre-1600 * 456 – Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire. * 690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire. * 9 ...
Margaret Sanger opens the first U.S. birth control clinic, a forerunner of
Planned Parenthood The Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. (PPFA), or simply Planned Parenthood, is a nonprofit organization that provides reproductive health care in the United States and globally. It is a tax-exempt corporation under Internal Reven ...
. * October 20
Black Friday (1916) Black Friday (1916) was October 20, the day a "perfect storm" hit Lake Erie, sinking four large ships, killing forty-nine people. The ships that were dispatched to the depths by the violent weather were the James B. Colgate, Marshall F. Butters, D. ...
: A violent and deadly storm hits Lake Erie in the United States. *
October 21 Events Pre-1600 *1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade. * 1097 – First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, begin the Siege of ...
Friedrich Adler shoots Count
Karl von Stürgkh Count Karl von Stürgkh (30 October 1859 – 21 October 1916) was an Austrian politician and Minister-President of Cisleithania during the 1914 July Crisis that led to the outbreak of World War I. He was shot and killed by the Social Democratic ...
, Minister-President of Austria. *
October 27 Events Pre-1600 * 312 – Constantine is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. * 1275 – Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam. * 1524 – French troops lay siege to Pavia. * 1553 – Condemned as a ...
Battle of Segale The Battle of Segale was a civil conflict in the Ethiopian Empire between the supporters of Empress regent Zewditu and Lij Iyasu on 27 October 1916, and resulted in victory for Zewditu. Paul B. Henze states that "Segale was Ethiopia's greatest ba ...
: Negus Mikael of Wollo, marching on the Ethiopian capital in support of his son Emperor Iyasu V, is defeated by Fitawrari Habte Giyorgis, securing the throne for Empress Zewditu. * October 28
1916 Pioneer Exhibition Game On Saturday 28 October 1916, the former Olympic champion swimmer and the later Lord Mayor of Melbourne, Lieutenant Frank Beaurepaire, organised an Australian Rules football match in aid of the British and the French Red Cross. Promoted as th ...
: game of
Australian rules football Australian football, also called Australian rules football or Aussie rules, or more simply football or footy, is a contact sport played between two teams of 18 players on an oval field, often a modified cricket ground. Points are scored by k ...
contested at
Queen's Club The Queen's Club is a private sporting club in West Kensington, London, England. The club hosts the annual Queen's Club Championships men's grass court lawn tennis tournament (currently known as the "cinch Championships" for sponsorship reas ...
, West Kensington, London, by two teams of elite footballers selected from men serving in the
First AIF The First Australian Imperial Force (1st AIF) was the main expeditionary force of the Australian Army during the First World War. It was formed as the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) following Britain's declaration of war on Germany on 15 Au ...
at the time.


November

*
November 1 Events Pre-1600 *365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities. * 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, ...
** Pavel Milyukov delivers his "stupidity or treason" speech in the Russian
State Duma The State Duma (russian: Госуда́рственная ду́ма, r=Gosudárstvennaja dúma), commonly abbreviated in Russian as Gosduma ( rus, Госду́ма), is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, while the upper house ...
, precipitating the downfall of the
Boris Stürmer Baron Boris Vladimirovich Shturmer (russian: Бори́с Влади́мирович Штю́рмер) (27 July 1848 – 9 September 1917) was a Russian lawyer, a Master of Ceremonies at the Russian Court, and a district governor. He became a ...
government. ** The first
40-hour work week The eight-hour day movement (also known as the 40-hour week movement or the short-time movement) was a social movement to regulate the length of a working day, preventing excesses and abuses. An eight-hour work day has its origins in the 1 ...
officially begins, in the Endicott-Johnson factories of Western New York. * November 5 ** The
Kingdom of Poland (1916–18) The Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Królestwo Polskie; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a state in Central Europe. It may refer to: Historical political entities *Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom existing from 1025 to 1031 *Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom exi ...
is proclaimed by a joint act of the emperors of Germany and Austria. **
Everett massacre The Everett Massacre (also known as Bloody Sunday) was an armed confrontation between local authorities and members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) union, commonly called "Wobblies". It took place in Everett, Washington on Sunday, ...
: An armed confrontation in Everett, Washington, between local authorities and members of the Industrial Workers of the World results in seven deaths. **
Honan Chapel The Honan Chapel (, formally Saint Finbarr's Collegiate Chapel and The Honan Hostel Chapel) is a small Catholic church built in the Hiberno-Romanesque Revival architecture, Romanesque revival style on the grounds of University College Cork, Ire ...
,
Cork Cork or CORK may refer to: Materials * Cork (material), an impermeable buoyant plant product ** Cork (plug), a cylindrical or conical object used to seal a container ***Wine cork Places Ireland * Cork (city) ** Metropolitan Cork, also known as G ...
, Ireland, a product of the Irish Arts and Crafts movement (1894–1925), is dedicated. *
November 7 Events Pre-1600 * 335 – Athanasius is banished to Trier, on the charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople. * 680 – The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople. * 921 – Treaty of Bo ...
**
1916 United States presidential election The 1916 United States presidential election was the 33rd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 1916. Incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson narrowly defeated former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Charles ...
: Democratic President
Woodrow Wilson Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of ...
narrowly defeats Republican
Charles Evans Hughes Charles Evans Hughes Sr. (April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948) was an American statesman, politician and jurist who served as the 11th Chief Justice of the United States from 1930 to 1941. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the ...
, when California is called a week after Election Day. ** Republican
Jeannette Rankin Jeannette Pickering Rankin (June 11, 1880 – May 18, 1973) was an American politician and women's rights advocate who became the first woman to hold federal office in the United States in 1917. She was elected to the U.S. House of Represent ...
of Montana becomes the first woman elected to the United States House of Representatives. ** Radio station 2XG, located in the Highbridge section of New York City, makes the first audio broadcast of presidential election returns. *
November 13 Events Pre-1600 * 1002 – English king Æthelred II orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St. Brice's Day massacre. * 1093 – Battle of Alnwick: in an English victory over the Scots, Malcolm III of Scotla ...
Prime Minister of Australia
Billy Hughes William Morris Hughes (25 September 1862 – 28 October 1952) was an Australian politician who served as the seventh prime minister of Australia, in office from 1915 to 1923. He is best known for leading the country Military history of Austra ...
is expelled from the Labor Party, over his support for
conscription Conscription (also called the draft in the United States) is the state-mandated enlistment of people in a national service, mainly a military service. Conscription dates back to antiquity and it continues in some countries to the present day un ...
. * November 18 – WWI – Battle of the Somme: In France, British Expeditionary Force commander Douglas Haig calls off the battle, which started on
July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
. *
November 21 Events Pre-1600 * 164 BCE – Judas Maccabeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family, rededicates the Temple in Jerusalem, an event is commemorated each year by the festival of Hanukkah. (25 Kislev 3597 in the Hebrew calendar.) * 23 ...
** Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria dies of pneumonia at the
Schönbrunn Palace Schönbrunn Palace (german: Schloss Schönbrunn ; Central Bavarian: ''Schloss Scheenbrunn'') was the main summer residence of the Habsburg rulers, located in Hietzing, Vienna. The name ''Schönbrunn'' (meaning “beautiful spring”) has its roo ...
, Vienna, aged 86, after a reign of 68 years and is succeeded by his grandnephew
Charles I Charles I may refer to: Kings and emperors * Charlemagne (742–814), numbered Charles I in the lists of Holy Roman Emperors and French kings * Charles I of Anjou (1226–1285), also king of Albania, Jerusalem, Naples and Sicily * Charles I of ...
. ** WWI: Hospital ship HMHS ''Britannic'', designed as the third for White Star Line, sinks in the
Kea Channel The Kea Channel, is a passage of water in the Aegean Sea. lying between the islands of Kea and Makronisos, just off Cape Sounion, Attica on the mainland of Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country ...
of the
Aegean Sea The Aegean Sea ; tr, Ege Denizi (Greek: Αιγαίο Πέλαγος: "Egéo Pélagos", Turkish: "Ege Denizi" or "Adalar Denizi") is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia. It is located between the Balkans ...
after hitting a mine; 30 lives are lost. At 48,158 gross register tons, she is the largest ship lost during the war. * November 23 – WWI: Eastern Front
Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...
, the capital of Romania, is occupied by troops of the
Central Powers The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmächte; hu, Központi hatalmak; tr, İttifak Devletleri / ; bg, Централни сили, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in W ...
.


December

* December 12 – " White Friday": In the
Dolomites The Dolomites ( it, Dolomiti ; Ladin: ''Dolomites''; german: Dolomiten ; vec, Dołomiti : fur, Dolomitis), also known as the Dolomite Mountains, Dolomite Alps or Dolomitic Alps, are a mountain range located in northeastern Italy. They form pa ...
, 100
avalanche An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a slope, such as a hill or mountain. Avalanches can be set off spontaneously, by such factors as increased precipitation or snowpack weakening, or by external means such as humans, animals, and eart ...
s bury 18,000 Austrian and Italian soldiers. *
December 16 Events Pre-1600 * 714 – Pepin of Herstal, mayor of the Merovingian palace, dies at Jupille (modern Belgium). He is succeeded by his infant grandson Theudoald, while his widow Plectrude holds actual power in the Frankish Kingdom. * ...
Robert Baden-Powell gives the first public display of the new Wolf Cub section of
Scouting Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worldwide youth movement employing the Scout method, a program of informal education with an emphasis on practical outdoor activities, including camping, woodcraft, aquatics, hiking, backpack ...
at
Caxton Hall Caxton Hall is a building on the corner of Caxton Street and Palmer Street, in Westminster, London, England. It is a Grade II listed building primarily noted for its historical associations. It hosted many mainstream and fringe political and ar ...
, Westminster. *
December 18 Events Pre-1600 * 1271 – Kublai Khan renames his empire "Yuan" (元 yuán), officially marking the start of the Yuan dynasty of Mongolia and China. *1499 – A rebellion breaks out in Alpujarras in response to the forced convers ...
– WWI: The
Battle of Verdun The Battle of Verdun (french: Bataille de Verdun ; german: Schlacht um Verdun ) was fought from 21 February to 18 December 1916 on the Western Front (World War I), Western Front in France. The battle was the longest of the First World War and ...
ends in France with German troops defeated. * December 21 – WWI: El Arish occupied by the British Empire
Desert Column The Desert Column was a First World War British Empire army corps which operated in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign from 22 December 1916.There is no war diary for Desert Column for December. See The Column was commanded by Lieutenant General ...
during advance across the Sinai Peninsula. *
December 22 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69 – Vespasian is proclaimed Emperor of Rome; his predecessor, Vitellius, attempts to abdicate but is captured and killed at the Gemonian stairs. * 401 – Pope Innocent I is elected, the only pope to succeed his ...
– The British
Sopwith Camel The Sopwith Camel is a British First World War single-seat biplane fighter aircraft that was introduced on the Western Front in 1917. It was developed by the Sopwith Aviation Company as a successor to the Sopwith Pup and became one of the b ...
aircraft makes its maiden flight. It is designed to counter the German Fokker aircraft. *
December 23 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – The Arian Vandal Kingdom ceases its persecution of Nicene Christianity. * 558 – Chlothar I is crowned King of the Franks. * 583 – Maya queen Yohl Ik'nal is crowned ruler of Palenque. * 962 &ndas ...
– WWI: The Desert Column captures the Ottoman garrison during the
Battle of Magdhaba The Battle of Magdhaba took place on 23 December 1916 during the Defence of Egypt section of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in the First World War.The Battles Nomenclature Committee assigned 'Affair' to those engagements between forces small ...
. *
December 30 Events Pre-1600 * 534 – The second and final edition of the Code of Justinian comes into effect in the Byzantine Empire. * 999 – Battle of Glenmama: The combined forces of Munster and Meath under king Brian Boru inflict a crus ...
** Humberto Gómez and his mercenaries seize Arauca in Colombia and declare the ''Republic of Arauca''. He proceeds to pillage the region before fleeing to Venezuela. ** (
December 17 Events Pre-1600 *497 BC – The first Saturnalia festival was celebrated in ancient Rome. * 546 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoths under king Totila plunder the city, by bribing the Byzantine garrison. * 920 – Romanos I Lekape ...
Old Style) – The mystic Grigori Rasputin is murdered in Saint Petersburg. * December 31 – The Hampton Terrace Hotel in
North Augusta, South Carolina North Augusta is a city in Aiken and Edgefield counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina, on the north bank of the Savannah River. The population was 21,348 at the 2010 census. The city is included in the Central Savannah River Area (CSR ...
, one of the largest and most luxurious hotels in the United States at the time, burns to the ground.


Date unknown

* The
1916 Summer Olympics The 1916 Summer Olympics (german: Olympische Sommerspiele 1916), officially known as the Games of the VI Olympiad, were scheduled to be held in Berlin, German Empire, but were eventually cancelled for the first time in its 20-year history due t ...
are cancelled in Berlin, Germany. * Food is rationed in Germany. * Ferdinand de Saussure's ''
Cours de linguistique générale ''Course in General Linguistics'' (french: Cours de linguistique générale) is a book compiled by Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye from notes on lectures given by historical-comparative linguist Ferdinand de Saussure at the University of Genev ...
'' is collected posthumously and published. * Oxycodone, a narcotic painkiller closely related to codeine, is first synthesized in Germany. *
Ernst Rüdin Ernst Rüdin (19 April 1874 – 22 October 1952) was a Swiss-born German psychiatrist, geneticist, eugenicist and Nazi, rising to prominence under Emil Kraepelin and assuming the directorship at the German Institute for Psychiatric Resea ...
publishes his initial results on the genetics of schizophrenia. * Louis Enricht claims he has a substitute for gasoline. * Rodeo's first side-delivery bucking chute is designed and made by the Bascom brothers (Raymond, Mel, and Earl) and their father, John W. Bascom, at
Welling Welling is an area of South East London, England, in the London Borough of Bexley, west of Bexleyheath, southeast of Woolwich and of Charing Cross. Before the creation of Greater London in 1965, it was in the historical county of Kent. ...
,
Alberta Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Terri ...
, Canada. *
Gustav Holst Gustav Theodore Holst (born Gustavus Theodore von Holst; 21 September 1874 – 25 May 1934) was an English composer, arranger and teacher. Best known for his orchestral suite ''The Planets'', he composed many other works across a range ...
composes '' The Planets, Opus 32''. *
Bray Studios Bray Productions was a pioneering American animation studio that produced several popular cartoons during the years of World War I and the early interwar era, becoming a springboard for several key animators of the 20th century, including the ...
begins the ''
Farmer Al Falfa Farmer Al Falfa (also known as Farmer Alfalfa),
at
Terrytoons Terrytoons was an American animation studio in New Rochelle, New York, that produced animated cartoons for theatrical release from 1929 to 1973 (and briefly returned between 1987 and 1996 for television in name only). Terrytoons was founded by P ...
''. * The
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) (, rarely ), founded in 1916 as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers or SMPE, is a global professional association of engineers, technologists, and executives working in the ...
is founded in the United States as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers. * Ishikawajima Automobile Manufacturing, as predecessor of Isuzu, a truck brand in Japan, was founded.


Sport

*
March 30 Events Pre-1600 * 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague. * 1282 &nda ...
-
National Hockey Association The National Hockey Association (NHA), officially the National Hockey Association of Canada Limited, was a professional ice hockey organization with teams in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. It is the direct predecessor of today's National Hockey Lea ...
's Montreal Canadiens win their First Stanley Cup by defeating the
Pacific Coast Hockey Association The Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) was a professional ice hockey league in western Canada and the western United States, which operated from 1911 to 1924 when it then merged with the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). The PCHA was co ...
's Portland Rosebuds 3 games to 2. All Games were played at Montreal's
Montreal Arena The Montreal Arena, also known as Westmount Arena, was an indoor arena located in Westmount, Quebec, Canada on the corner of St. Catherine Street and Wood Avenue. It was likely one of the first arenas designed expressly for hockey, opening in 1 ...
. * Due to the outbreak of World War I, the
1916 Summer Olympics The 1916 Summer Olympics (german: Olympische Sommerspiele 1916), officially known as the Games of the VI Olympiad, were scheduled to be held in Berlin, German Empire, but were eventually cancelled for the first time in its 20-year history due t ...
in Berlin, Germany, is cancelled.


In fiction

* In the 1941 film ''
Citizen Kane ''Citizen Kane'' is a 1941 American drama film produced by, directed by, and starring Orson Welles. He also co-wrote the screenplay with Herman J. Mankiewicz. The picture was Welles' first feature film. ''Citizen Kane'' is frequently cited ...
'',
Charles Foster Kane Charles Foster Kane is a fictional character who is the subject of Orson Welles' 1941 film ''Citizen Kane''. Welles played Kane (receiving an Academy Award nomination), with Buddy Swan playing Kane as a child. Welles also produced, co-wrote a ...
runs for
New York governor The governor of New York is the head of government of the U.S. state of New York. The governor is the head of the executive branch of New York's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor ...
and loses. Also in 1916, Emily Monroe Norton divorces him and, in either this year or in
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
, he marries Susan Alexander.


Births


January

* January 1 ** Giuseppe Aquari, Italian film cinematographer (d.
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C., U ...
) **
Italo Viglianesi Italo Viglianesi (1 January 1916 – 19 January 1995) was an Italian trade unionist politician and syndicalist. Viglianesi was born in Caltagirone, Italy. In 1950, he was one of the founders and first general secretary of Italian Labour Union ...
, Italian trade unionist politician and syndicalist (d.
1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake stri ...
) *
January 2 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Em ...
Joseph W. Schmitt, American aircraft mechanic and spacesuit technician (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * January 3 ** Maxene Andrews, American singer ( The Andrews Sisters) (d.
1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake stri ...
) **
Betty Furness Elizabeth Mary Furness (January 3, 1916 – April 2, 1994) was an American actress, consumer advocate, and current affairs commentator. Early years Furness was born in Manhattan, the daughter of wealthy business executive George Choate Furness ...
, American actress and consumer activist (d.
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nels ...
) **
Bernard Greenhouse Bernard Greenhouse (January 3, 1916 – May 13, 2011) was an American cellist and one of the founding members of the Beaux Arts Trio. Life and career Greenhouse was born in Newark, New Jersey. He started his professional studies with Felix Salmo ...
, American cellist (d.
2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrates ...
) ** Erik Ågren, Swedish boxer (d.
1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
) ** Warren King, American cartoonist (d.
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd government). * January 6 � ...
) * January 4 **
Princess Niloufer Princess is a regal rank and the feminine equivalent of prince (from Latin ''princeps'', meaning principal citizen). Most often, the term has been used for the consort of a prince, or for the daughter of a king or prince. Princess as a subst ...
(d.
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
) **
Sidney Siegel Sidney Siegel (4 January 1916 in New York City – 29 November 1961) was an American psychologist who became especially well known for his work in popularising non-parametric statistics for use in the behavioural sciences. He was a co-developer of ...
, American psychologist (d.
1961 Events January * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 (K ...
) * January 5 **
Alfred Ryder Alfred Ryder (born Alfred Jacob Corn; January 5, 1916 – April 16, 1995) was an American television, stage, radio, and film actor and director, who appeared in over one hundred television shows. Career Ryder began to act at age eight and later ...
, American film, radio and television actor (d.
1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake stri ...
) **
Wilhelm Szewczyk Wilhelm Szewczyk (5 January 1916 – 8 June 1991) was a Polish writer, poet, literary critic, translator, activist of the National Radical Camp, communist, and member of parliament from the region of Silesia. He was born in Czuchów (now pa ...
, Polish writer, poet, literary critic and translator (d.
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Ph ...
) * January 7 **
Elena Ceaușescu Elena Ceaușescu (; ; 7 January 1916 – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician who was the wife of Nicolae Ceaușescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party and leader of the Socialist Republic of Romania. She was als ...
, Romanian politician,
First Lady of Romania First Lady of Romania is an unofficial honorific applied to the wife of the president of Romania, concurrent with his term of office. Current The current first lady is Carmen Iohannis, the wife of the 5th president of Romania, Klaus Iohannis ...
and
Deputy Prime Minister of Romania The Deputy Prime Minister of Romania ( ro, Vice prim ministru României), officially the Deputy Prime Minister of the Government of Romania ( ro, Vice prim ministru Guvernului României), is a minister in the Government of Romania , image ...
(d.
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
) ** Paul Keres, Estonian chess player (d.
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 - Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
) * January 9Peter Twinn, English mathematician and WWII code-breaker (d.
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
) * January 10 **
Sune Bergström Karl Sune Detlof Bergström (10 January 1916 – 15 August 2004) was a Swedish biochemist. In 1975, he was appointed to the Nobel Foundation Board of Directors in Sweden, and was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University, t ...
, Swedish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
) ** Bernard Binlin Dadié, Ivorian novelist, playwright, poet, and Minister of Culture (d.
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
) ** Richard Münch (actor), Richard Münch, German actor (d. 1987) * January 12 ** Ruth R. Benerito, American chemist (d. 2013) ** P. W. Botha, 9th President of South Africa (d. 2006) ** Mary Wilson, Baroness Wilson of Rievaulx, Mary Wilson, Lady Wilson of Rievaulx, English poet (d. 2018) * January 15 – Hugh Gibb, English drummer and bandleader (d. 1992) * January 17 ** Peter Frelinghuysen Jr., American politician (d.
2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrates ...
) ** Tatyana Karpova, Soviet and Russian actress (d. 2018) * January 18 – Silviu Brucan, Romanian author and politician (d. 2006) * January 19 – Harry Huskey, American computer designer (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * January 22 – Henri Dutilleux, French composer (d. 2013) * January 23 – David Douglas Duncan, American photojournalist (d. 2018) * January 24 ** Rafael Caldera, 39th President of Venezuela (d. 2009) ** Marvin Creamer, American sailor (d. 2020) ** Arnoldo Foà, Italian actor (d. 2014) ** Daphne Lorraine Gum, Australian educator (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * January 27 – Stjepan Filipović, a People's Hero of Yugoslavia (d. 1942) * January 28 – Dottie Hunter, Canadian baseball player (d. 2005) *
January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...
– Sangoulé Lamizana, 2nd President and Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (d. 2005)


February

* February 10 – Louis Guttman, American-born Israeli university professor (d. 1987) * February 11 – Ivan Hristov Bashev, Bulgarian Foreign Minister (d. 1971) * February 12 – Damián Iguacén Borau, Spanish Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2020) * February 13 – John Reed (actor), John Reed, British actor and opera singer (d. 2010) * February 14 ** Marcel Bigeard, French military officer (d. 2010) ** Sally Gray, English actress (d. 2006) ** Denham Harman, American gerontologist (d. 2014) ** Edward Platt, American actor (d. 1974) ** Charles Wycliffe Joiner, American judge (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) ** Masaki Kobayashi, Japanese film director (d. 1996) * February 15 ** Ernest Millington, English politician (d. 2009) ** Mary Jane Croft, American actress (d. 1999) ** Dingiri Banda Wijetunga, 4th President and 9th Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (d. 2008) * February 16 – Karel Dufek, Czechoslovak diplomat (d. 2009) * February 18 – Maria Altmann, Austrian Holocaust survivor and heiress (d.
2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrates ...
) * February 20 – Jean Erdman, American dancer (d. 2020) * February 23 – Retta Scott, first woman to receive screen credit as an animator at the Walt Disney Animation Studios (d. 1990) * February 26 **Jackie Gleason, American comedian, actor and musician (d. 1987) ** Preacher Roe, American baseball player (d. 2008) * February 28 ** Svend Asmussen, Danish jazz violinist (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) ** Cesar Climaco, Filipino politician, Mayor of Zamboanga (d. 1984) ** Frank Crean, Australian politician (d. 2008)


March

* March 1 – Emelyn Whiton, American Olympic sailor (d. 1962) * March 2 – George E. Bria, Italian-American journalist (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * March 3 – Paul Halmos, Hungarian-born mathematician (d. 2006) * March 4 ** William Alland, American actor, producer, writer and director (d. 1997) ** Giorgio Bassani, Italian writer (d. 2000) ** Hans Eysenck, German-born psychologist (d. 1997) * March 5 – Jack Hamm, American cartoonist (d. 1996) * March 6 – Rochelle Hudson, American actress (d. 1972) * March 7 – Marie-Thérèse Bourquin, Belgian lawyer (d. 2018) * March 10 – Ethel Bush, British police officer (d. 2016) * March 11 – Harold Wilson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d.
1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake stri ...
) * March 13 ** Lindy Boggs, American politician (d. 2013) ** Jacque Fresco, American futurist and designer (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) ** John Aspinwall Roosevelt, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1981) ** Robert O. Peterson, American businessman and philanthropist (d.
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nels ...
) * March 14 – Horton Foote, American writer (d. 2009) * March 15 ** Frank Coghlan Jr., American actor (d. 2009) ** Harry James, American musician and band leader (d. 1983) * March 16 ** Mercedes McCambridge, American actress (d.
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
) ** Tsutomu Yamaguchi, Japanese survivor of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings (d. 2010) * March 17 ** Lyle Smith, American football coach (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) ** Volodia Teitelboim, Chilean author and politician (d. 2008) * March 19 – Irving Wallace, American novelist (d. 1990) * March 20 – Pierre Messmer, French politician (d. 2007) *
March 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6. * 1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margat ...
** Donald Hamilton, Swedish writer (d. 2006) ** Anna Maria Bottini, Italian actress (d. 2020) * March 26 ** Christian B. Anfinsen, American chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake stri ...
) ** Dai Zijin, Chinese aviator (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) ** Harry Rabinowitz, British film composer and conductor (d. 2016) * March 29 ** Sam Beazley, British actor (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) ** Peter Geach, British philosopher (d. 2013) ** Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem, 6th President of Bangladesh (d. 1997) ** Eugene McCarthy, U.S. Senator from Minnesota and Presidential candidate (d. 2005) * March 31 – Lucille Bliss, American voice actor (d. 2012)


April

* April 1 ** John Holter, American toolmaker and inventor (d. 2003) ** Balilla Lombardi, Italian football player (d. 1987) * April 2 – Menachem Porush, member of Israeli Knesset for Agudat Yisrael (d. 2010) * April 3 ** Herb Caen, American journalist (d. 1997) ** Peter Gowland, American photographer (d. 2010) ** Louiguy, Spanish-French musician of Italian extraction (d.
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Ph ...
) * April 4 ** David White (actor), David White, American actor (d. 1990) ** Nikola Ljubičić, 10th President of Serbia (d. 2005) * April 5 ** Albert Henry Ottenweller, American bishop (d. 2012) ** Gregory Peck, American actor (d. 2003) ** Carmen Silva, Brazilian actress (d. 2008) * April 10 – Lee Jung-seob, Korean oil painter (d. 1956) *
April 11 Events Pre-1600 * 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. *1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. *1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferrares ...
** Alberto Ginastera, Argentine composer (d. 1983) ** Armando León Bejarano, Mexican politician (d. 2016) * April 12 ** Beverly Cleary, American children's book author (d. 2021) ** Benjamin Libet, American pioneering scientist in the field of human consciousness (d. 2007) ** Movita Castaneda, American actress (d. 2015) * April 14 – Pehr Victor Edman, Swedish chemist (d.1977) * April 15 ** Alfred S. Bloomingdale, American department store heir (d.
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C., U ...
) ** Helene Hanff, American writer and critic (d. 1997) ** Mikiel Fsadni, Maltese friar and historian (d. 2013) * April 16 – Hon Sui Sen, Malaysian-Singaporean politician (d. 1983) * April 17 ** Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Sri Lankan politician (d. 2000) ** A. Thiagarajah, Sri Lankan Tamil teacher and politician (d. 1981) ** Win Maung, 3rd President of Myanmar (d.
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
) * April 18 ** Carl Burgos, American comic book artist (d. 1984) ** José Joaquín Trejos Fernández, President of Costa Rica (d. 2010) * April 19 ** Bruno Chizzo, Italian association footballer (d. 1969) ** Delio Rodríguez, Spanish road racing cyclist and sprinter (d.
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nels ...
) * April 21 ** Walter Berg (footballer), Walter Berg, German footballer (d. 1949) *
April 22 Events Pre-1600 *1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil. *1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. *1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern hem ...
** Yehudi Menuhin, American-born violinist (d. 1999) ** Yvette Lundy, French resistance fighter (d.
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
) *
April 24 Events Pre-1600 *1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ma ...
** Stanley Kauffmann, American film critic (d. 2013) ** Lou Thesz, American professional wrestler (d. 2002) * April 25 – R. J. Rushdoony, American founder of Christian Reconstructionism (d. 2001) * April 26 ** Dorothy Salisbury Davis, American writer (d. 2014) ** Vic Perrin, American voice actor (d.
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
) ** Paulette Coquatrix, French costume designer (d. 2018) ** Ken Wallis, British aviator, engineer, and inventor (d. 2013) ** Werner Bischof, Swiss photographer and photojournalist (d. 1954) ** George Tuska, American comic strip artist (d. 2009) *
April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...
– Enos Slaughter, American baseball player (d. 2002) * April 28 – Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian automobile manufacturer (d. 1993) *
April 29 Events Pre-1600 *1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. *1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and beco ...
– Ramón Amaya Amador, Honduran author (d. 1966) * April 30 ** Claude Elwood Shannon, American information theorist (d. 2001) ** Robert Shaw (conductor), Robert Shaw, American conductor (d. 1999)


May

* May 1 – Glenn Ford, Canadian actor (d. 2006) *
May 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''. * 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus ar ...
– Jane Jacobs, née Butzner, American-born urban activist (d. 2006) * May 5 – Zail Singh, Indian politician and 7th President of India (d.
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nels ...
) * May 6 ** Adriana Caselotti, American actress (d. 1997) ** Robert H. Dicke, American experimental physicist (d. 1997) ** Sif Ruud, Swedish actress (d.
2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrates ...
) * May 8 ** Chinmayananda, Indian spiritual leader (d. 1993) ** Jens Risom, Danish American furniture designer (d. 2016) ** João Havelange, Brazilian industrialist and football league president (d. 2016) *
May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...
– Milton Babbitt, American composer (d.
2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrates ...
) * May 11 – Camilo José Cela, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002) * May 14 – Sammy Luftspring, Canadian boxer (d. 2000) ** Del Moore, American actor, comedian and radio announcer (d. 1970) * May 15 ** Vera Gebuhr, Danish actress (d. 2014) ** Abbott Pattison, American sculptor and abstract artist (d. 1999) *
May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. * 1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 13 ...
** Adriana Caselotti, American Actress, Voice Actress and Singer (d. 1997) ** Ephraim Katzir, 4th President of Israel (d. 2009) ** Carlos Aldunate Lyon, Colombian lawyer, educator and activist (d. 2018) * May 17 ** Jenő Fock, 49th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 2001) ** Lenka Reinerová, Czech writer (d. 2008) * May 18 – Miriam Goldberg, American newspaper publisher (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * May 20 ** Owen Chadwick, British author and historian (d. 2015) ** Trebisonda Valla, Italian athlete (d. 2006) * May 21 ** Louis Crump, American politician (d.
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
) ** Dennis Day, American singer and actor (d. 1988) ** Leonard Manasseh, British architect (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) ** Lydia Mendoza, American musician (d. 2007) ** Tinus Osendarp, Dutch runner (d. 2002) ** Harold Robbins, American novelist (d. 1997) ** Tan Siew Sin, Malaysian minister of Commerce and Industry (d. 1988) * May 26 ** Halil İnalcık, Turkish historian (d. 2016) ** Henriette Roosenburg, Dutch journalist (d. 1972) * May 31 ** Bert Haanstra, Dutch filmmaker (d. 1997) ** Bernard Lewis, British-American historian (d. 2018)


June

* June 3 – Jack Manning (actor), Jack Manning, American film, stage and television actor (d. 2009) *
June 4 Events Pre-1600 *1411 – King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries. *1561 – The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathedra ...
– Robert F. Furchgott, American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2009) *
June 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights. * 1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles of Salerno. * 1288 ...
– Eddie Joost, baseball player and manager (d.
2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrates ...
) * June 6 – Hamani Diori, 1st President of Niger (d.
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
) * June 8 – Francis Crick, English molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
) * June 9 ** Jurij Brězan, Sorbian writer (d. 2006) ** Robert McNamara, 8th United States Secretary of Defense (d. 2009) * June 11 – Bob Berry (dendrologist), Bob Berry, New Zealand dendrologist (d. 2018) * June 12 – Raúl Héctor Castro, American politician (d. 2015) * June 13 – Ronald Atkins, Welsh politician (d. 2020) * June 14 – Dorothy McGuire, American actress (d. 2001) * June 15 ** Olga Erteszek, American undergarment designer and lingerie company owner (d.
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
) ** Horacio Salgán, Argentine tango musician (d. 2016) ** Herbert A. Simon, American economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001) * June 16 – Phil Chambers, American actor (d. 1993) * June 17 – Einar Englund, Finnish composer (d. 1999) * June 18 ** Julio César Turbay Ayala, 25th President of Colombia (d. 2005) ** Roman Toi, Estonian composer, choir conductor, and organist (d. 2018) * June 21 ** Tchan Fou-li, Chinese photographer (d. 2018) ** Herbert Friedman, American physicist (d. 2000) * June 22 ** Anne Olivier Bell, English literary editor and art scholar (d. 2018) ** Richard Eastham, American actor (d. 2005) ** Emil Fackenheim, noted Jewish philosopher and Reform rabbi (d. 2003) * June 23 ** Len Hutton, English cricketer (d. 1990) ** Irene Worth, American actress (d. 2002) ** Al G. Wright, American bandleader and conductor (d. 2020) * June 24 ** Saloua Raouda Choucair, Lebanese painter and sculptor (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) ** Lidia Wysocka, American actress (d. 2006) ** William B. Saxbe, American politician (d. 2010) * June 25 – Thomas Reddin, American police (d.
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
) * June 26 ** Dennis Filmer, Malaysian sports shooter (d. 1981) ** Alvin Wistert, American football player (d. 2005) * June 27 ** Max Müller (cross-country skier), Max Müller, Swiss cross-country skier (d. unknown) ** Ivy Cooke, Jamaican educator (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * June 28 ** Richard Best (film editor), Richard Best, British film editor (d.
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
) ** John Evelyn Anderson, British Army officer (d. 2007) * June 29 – Ruth Warrick, American actress (d. 2005)


July

*
July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
** Olivia de Havilland, Japanese-born British-American film actress (d. 2020) ** Lawrence Halprin, American architect (d. 2009) ** Thomas Hamilton-Brown, South African boxer *
July 2 Events Pre-1600 * 437 – Emperor Valentinian III begins his reign over the Western Roman Empire. His mother Galla Placidia ends her regency, but continues to exercise political influence at the court in Rome. * 626 – Li Shimin, ...
** Reino Kangasmäki, Finnish wrestler (d. 2010) ** Alec Hill, Australian military historian (d. 2008) ** Zélia Gattai, Brazilian author and photographer (d. 2008) ** Hans-Ulrich Rudel, German pilot (d.
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C., U ...
) ** Ken Curtis, American screen actor and singer (d.
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Ph ...
) * July 3 – John Kundla, American basketball coach (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * July 4 ** Iva Toguri D'Aquino ("Tokyo Rose"), American propaganda broadcaster (d. 2006) ** Adam Curle, British academic and peace activist (d. 2006) ** Naseem Banu, Indian actress (d. 2002) ** Fernand Leduc, Canadian painter (d. 2014) * July 5 ** Lívia Rév, Hungarian classical pianist (d. 2018) ** Ivor Powell, Welsh footballer (d. 2012) * July 6 ** Harold Norse, American writer (d. 2009) ** Hugh Gibbons, Irish Fianna Fáil politician (d. 2007) ** Don R. Christensen, American animator, cartoonist, illustrator, writer and inventor (d. 2006) * July 7 – Werner G. Scharff, American arts patron and fashion designer (d. 2006) * July 8 ** Marion Hartzog Smoak, American lawyer and politician (d. 2020) ** Ronald R. Van Stockum, American writer (d. 2022) ** Jean Rouverol, American actress, screenwriter and author (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) ** Otto Luedeke, American cyclist (d. 2005) * July 9 – Edward Heath, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2005) * July 10 – Nicholas D'Antonio Salza, American bishop (d. 2009) * July 11 ** Mortimer Caplin, American lawyer and educator (d.
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
) ** Hans Maier, Dutch water polo player (d. 2018) ** Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel laureate (d. 2002) ** Reg Varney, British actor (d. 2008) ** Gough Whitlam, 21st Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2014) * July 14 ** André Franco Montoro, Franco Montoro, Brazilian politician and lawyer (d. 1999) ** Natalia Ginzburg, Italian author (d.
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Ph ...
) *
July 15 Events Pre-1600 *484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome * 70 – First Jewish–Roman War: Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. (17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar). * 756 &ndash ...
** Sumner Gerard, American politician and diplomat (d. 2005) ** Les Dye, American football player (d. 2000) * July 16 ** Victor Fontana, Brazilian engineer, businessman and politician (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) ** Sudono Salim, Indonesian-Chinese businessman (d. 2012) * July 17 ** Eleanor Hadley, American economist and policymaker (d. 2007) ** Henning Brandis, German physician and microbiologist (d.
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
) * July 18 ** Charles Kittel, American physicist (d.
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
) ** L. Patrick Gray III, American Federal Bureau of Investigation director (d. 2005) ** Ed Cifers, American football end (d. 2005) ** Sid Kiel, South African doctor and cricketer (d. 2007) *
July 19 Events Pre-1600 *AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city. * 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is r ...
– Phil Cavarretta, baseball player (d. 2010) * July 20 ** Ersilio Tonini, Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church (d. 2013) ** Hans von Blixen-Finecke Jr., Swedish officer and horse rider (d. 2005) * July 21 ** Douglas Freeman, English cricketer (d. 2013) ** Sergeant Stubby, World War I American hero war dog (d. 1926) * July 22 ** Irene Galitzine, Russian-Georgian fashion designer (d. 2006) ** William A. Culpepper, American judge (d. 2015) ** William Harper (Rhodesian politician), William Harper, Rhodesian politician (d. 2006) ** Marcel Cerdan, French boxer (d. 1949) * July 23 – Sandra Gould, American actress (d. 1999) * July 25 – Fred Lasswell, American cartoonist (d. 2001) * July 27 ** Elizabeth Hardwick (writer), Elizabeth Hardwick, American literary critic and novelist (d. 2007) ** Keenan Wynn, American actor (d. 1986) * July 28 – David Brown (producer), David Brown, American producer (d. 2010) *
July 29 Events Pre-1600 *587 BC – The Neo-Babylonian Empire sacks Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple. * 615 – Pakal ascends the throne of Palenque at the age of 12. * 904 – Sack of Thessalonica: Saracen raiders under Leo o ...
– Rupert Hamer, Australian politician and Premier of Victoria (d.
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
) *
July 30 Events Pre-1600 * 762 – Baghdad is founded. *1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council. *1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Island ...
– Dick Wilson, American actor (d. 2007) * July 31 ** Bill Todman, American game show producer (d. 1979) ** Ignacio Trelles, Mexican football player and coach (d. 2020)


August

* August 1 ** Fiorenzo Angelini, Italian Cardinal (d. 2014) ** Olimpio Bizzi, Italian racing cyclist (d. 1976) ** Edna Hughes, English competition swimmer (d. 1990) * August 2 – Zein Al-Sharaf Talal, Queen of Jordan (d.
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nels ...
) *
August 3 Events Pre-1600 * 8 – Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats the Dalmatae on the river Bosna. * 435 – Deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emperor ...
– Hertha Feiler, Austrian actress (d. 1970) * August 5 – Kermit Love, American puppeteer (d. 2008) * August 6 – Dom Mintoff, 8th Prime Minister of Malta (d. 2012) *
August 7 Events Pre-1600 * 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer. * 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of Co ...
** Lawrence Picachy, Indian Jesuit priest (d. 1992) ** Rose Wolfe, Canadian social worker and philanthropist (d. 2016) * August 8 – Shigeo Arai, Japanese freestyle swimmer (d. 1944) *
August 9 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Caesar's Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt. * 378 – Gothic War: Battle of Adrianople: A large Roman army led by Emperor Valens ...
– Manea Mănescu, 50th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 2009) * August 10 – Lorna McDonald (historian), Lorna McDonald, Australian historian and author (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * August 11 ** Johnny Claes, English racing driver (d. 1956) ** William Coors, American executive (d. 2018) * August 12 – Ralph Nelson, American film and television director, producer, writer, and actor (d. 1987) * August 13 – Sybren Valkema, Dutch glass artist and teacher, and founder of the European Studio Glass Movement, also known as VRIJ GLAS. (d. 1996) * August 14 ** Heinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein, German night fighter pilot and flying ace (d. 1944) ** Ralph de Toledano, American conservationist and author (d. 2007) *
August 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs. * 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamda ...
** Edythe Wright, American singer (d. 1965) ** Iggy Katona, American race car driver (d. 2003) * August 18 – Neagu Djuvara, Romanian historian, essayist, and diplomat (d. 2018) * August 19 – Dennis Poore, British entrepreneur, financier and racing driver (d. 1987) * August 20 ** George Rosenkranz, Mexican co-inventor of oral contraceptive pill (d.
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
) ** Paul Felix Schmidt, Estonian chess player (d. 1984) *
August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. * 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. *1169 – Battle ...
** Frank O. Braynard, American maritime writer and historian (d. 2007) ** Geoffrey Keen, English actor (d. 2005) ** Bill Lee (singer), Bill Lee, American playback singer (d. 1980) ** Consuelo Velázquez, Mexican songwriter (d. 2005) * August 22 ** Robert H. Krieble, American chemist (d. 1997) ** Joe Martinelli, American soccer forward (d.
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Ph ...
) * August 24 ** Hal Smith (actor), Hal Smith, American actor (d.
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nels ...
) ** Léo Ferré, French-born Monégasque poet and composer (d. 1993) *
August 25 Events Pre-1600 * 19 – The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to ...
** Van Johnson, American actor (d. 2008) ** Frederick Chapman Robbins, American pediatrician and virologist (d. 2003) ** Saburō Sakai, Japanese fighter ace (d. 2000) *
August 27 Events Pre-1600 * 410 – The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths ends after three days. *1172 – Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned junior king and queen of England. *1232 – Shikken Hojo Yasutoki of the Kam ...
** Martha Raye, American actress (d.
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nels ...
) ** Larry Thor, Canadian actor (d. 1976) ** Robert Van Eenaeme, Belgian cyclist (d. 1959) *
August 28 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – The Roman general Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his capital city, Ravenna. * 489 – Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way ...
** C. Wright Mills, American sociologist (d. 1962) ** Jack Vance, American writer (d. 2013) *
August 29 Events Pre-1600 * 708 – Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708). * 870 – The city of Melite surrenders to an Aghlabid army following a siege, putting an end to Byzantine ...
– Luther Davis, American screenwriter (d. 2008) *
August 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Titus ends the siege of Jerusalem after destroying Herod's Temple. *1282 – Peter III of Aragon lands at Trapani to intervene in the War of the Sicilian Vespers. * 1363 – The five-week Battle of Lake ...
** Shag Crawford, American baseball umpire (d. 2007) ** Kenneth Keith, Baron Keith of Castleacre, British life peer (d.
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
) * August 31 ** Daniel Schorr, American journalist (d. 2010) ** John S. Wold, American politician (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
)


September

* September 1 ** Dorothy Cheney, American tennis player (d. 2014) ** Joseph Minish, American politician (d. 2007) * September 3 – Tommy J. Smith, Australian trainer (d. 1998) *
September 5 Events Pre-1600 * 917 – Liu Yan declares himself emperor, establishing the Southern Han state in southern China, at his capital of Panyu. *1367 – Swa Saw Ke becomes king of Ava *1590 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Hen ...
** Allan Louisy, 2nd Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (d.
2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrates ...
) ** Frank Yerby, American writer (d.
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Ph ...
) * September 7 – Shen Panwen, Chinese chemist (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * September 12 ** Leoncio Afonso, Spanish scientist (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) ** Edward Binns, American stage, film, and television actor (d. 1990) *
September 13 Events Pre-1600 *585 BC – Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victories over the Sabines, and the surrender of Collatia. *509 BC – The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Rome's Capitoline Hil ...
– Roald Dahl, Welsh-born author (d. 1990) * September 14 ** Eric Bentley, English-born American critic and playwright (d. 2020) ** John Heyer, Australian documentary filmmaker (d. 2001) * September 15 ** Margaret Lockwood, Indian-born English actress (d. 1990) ** Frederick C. Weyand, U.S. Army General (d. 2010) * September 16 – Frank Leslie Walcott, Barbadian labour leader (d. 1999) * September 17 – Mary Stewart (novelist), Mary Stewart, born Mary Rainbow, English-born fantasy and mystery writer (d. 2014) * September 18 – John Jacob Rhodes, American politician and lawyer (d. 2003) * September 21 – Zinovy Gerdt, Russian actor (d. 1996) * September 23 – Aldo Moro, 38th Prime Minister of Italy (d.
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd government). * January 6 � ...
) * September 24 – Ruth Leach Amonette, American businesswoman (d.
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
) *
September 27 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme river, beginning the Norman conquest of England. *1331 – The Battle of Płowce is fought, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teuton ...
** Frank Handlen, American artist ** Trento Longaretti, Italian painter (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) ** S. Yizhar (aka Yizhar Smilansky), Israeli author (d. 2006) * September 28 – Peter Finch, English-born Australian actor (d. 1977)


October

* October 2 – Jim L. Gillis Jr., American politician (d. 2018) * October 3 ** Frank Pantridge, Irish physician and inventor (d.
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
) ** James Herriot, English veterinarian and author (d.
1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake stri ...
) ** Shelby Storck, American television producer (d. 1969) * October 4 – Vitaly Ginzburg, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel laureate (d. 2009) *
October 7 Events Pre-1600 * 3761 BC – The epoch reference date (start) of the modern Hebrew calendar. * 1403 – Venetian–Genoese wars: The Genoese fleet under a French admiral is defeated by a Venetian fleet at the Battle of Modon. * 1477 ...
– Sir Hereward Wake, 14th Baronet, British army officer (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * October 9 – Robert Brubaker, American actor (d. 2010) * October 10 ** Bernard Heuvelmans, Belgian-French cryptozoologist (d. 2001) ** Sumiko Mizukubo, Japanese actress * October 11 – Maurice Gaffney, Irish barrister (d. 2016) *
October 12 Events Pre-1600 *539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire. (Julian calendar) * 633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance u ...
– Alice Childress, American actress, playwright, and novelist (d.
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nels ...
) *
October 14 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings. *1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's ...
– C. Everett Koop, United States Surgeon General (d. 2013) * October 15 – Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (d. 2006) * October 19 ** Jean Dausset, French immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2009) ** Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (d.
1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
) *
October 21 Events Pre-1600 *1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade. * 1097 – First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, begin the Siege of ...
– Eddie Carnett, American baseball player (d. 2016) * October 25 – Thérèse Kleindienst, French librarian (d. 2018) * October 26 – François Mitterrand, President of France (d. 1996) * October 30 – Leon Day, American baseball player (d.
1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake stri ...
) * October 31 ** Phil Monroe, American animator and director (d. 1988) ** Carl Johan Bernadotte, Prince of Sweden (d. 2012)


November

* November 4 – Walter Cronkite, American television journalist (d. 2009) * November 5 – Jim Tabor, American baseball player (d. 1953) * November 6 – Harry Blamires, British Anglican theologian, literary critic and novelist (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * November 8 – Lady Ursula d'Abo, English socialite (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * November 10 – Louis le Brocquy, Irish painter (d. 2012) * November 11 – Robert Carr, English politician (d. 2012) * November 12 – Rogelio de la Rosa, Filipino actor and politician (d. 1986) * November 14 – Sherwood Schwartz, American television writer and producer (d.
2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrates ...
) * November 15 – Bill Melendez, American animator (d. 2008) * November 16 – Daws Butler, American voice actor (d. 1988) * November 17 – Shelby Foote, American historian and novelist, author of ''The Civil War: A Narrative'' (d. 2005) * November 20 ** Hamida Habibullah, Indian politician (d. 2018) ** Evelyn Keyes, American actress (d. 2008) * November 23 ** Michael Gough, Malayan-born English actor (d.
2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrates ...
) ** P. K. Page, Canadian poet (d. 2010) * November 24 ** Forrest J Ackerman, American writer (d. 2008) ** Frankie Muse Freeman, American civil rights attorney (d. 2018) * November 25 – Cosmo Haskard, Irish-born British colonial administrator and British Army officer (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * November 26 – Gerhard Unger, German tenor (d.
2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrates ...
) * November 27 – Chick Hearn, American basketball announcer (d. 2002) * November 28 ** Lilian, Princess of Réthy, born Mary Lilian Baels, English-born Belgian queen consort of Leopold III of Belgium, Leopold III (d. 2002) ** Ramón José Velásquez, 44th President of Venezuela (d. 2014) * November 29 ** Fran Ryan, American actress (d. 2000) ** Helen Clare (singer), Helen Clare, British singer (d. 2018) * November 30 – John C. Harkness, American architect (d. 2016)


December

* December 1 – Wan Li, Chinese government official (d. 2015) * December 2 – Nancye Wynne Bolton, Australian tennis player (d. 2001) * December 5 – Hilary Koprowski, Polish virologist and immunologist (d. 2013) * December 6 ** Kristján Eldjárn, 3rd President of Iceland (d.
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C., U ...
) ** Pratap Chandra Lal, Indian military advisor (d.
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C., U ...
) ** Hugo Peretti, American songwriter and record producer (d. 1986) * December 7 ** George Russell Weller, American salesman known for the Santa Monica Farmer's Market incident (d. 2010) ** John G. Morris, American picture editor (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * December 8 ** Richard Fleischer, American film director (d. 2006) ** T. K. Whitaker, Irish economist and public servant (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * December 9 ** Jerome Beatty, Jr., American author of children's literature (d. 2002) ** Kirk Douglas, American film actor (d. 2020) ** Esther Wilkins, American dentist (d. 2016) * December 11 – Dámaso Pérez Prado, Cuban musician (d.
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
) * December 12 – Charan Singh (Sant), Maharaj Charan Singh, Fourth Satguru of Radha Soami Satsang Beas (d. 1990) * December 12 – Anne Vermeer, Dutch politician (d. 2018) * December 14 – Shirley Jackson, American writer (d. 1965) * December 15 – Maurice Wilkins, New Zealand-born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
) *
December 16 Events Pre-1600 * 714 – Pepin of Herstal, mayor of the Merovingian palace, dies at Jupille (modern Belgium). He is succeeded by his infant grandson Theudoald, while his widow Plectrude holds actual power in the Frankish Kingdom. * ...
– Birgitta Valberg, Swedish actress (d. 2014) *
December 18 Events Pre-1600 * 1271 – Kublai Khan renames his empire "Yuan" (元 yuán), officially marking the start of the Yuan dynasty of Mongolia and China. *1499 – A rebellion breaks out in Alpujarras in response to the forced convers ...
** Douglas Fraser, Scottish-born union leader (d. 2008) ** Betty Grable, American actress (d. 1973) ** Franciszek Kornicki, Polish fighter pilot (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * December 19 ** Roy Ward Baker, Roy Baker, English film director (d. 2010) ** Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, German political scientist (d. 2010) ** John Crutcher, American politician (d.
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a se ...
) * December 20 – Morrie Schwartz, American professor (d.
1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake stri ...
) * December 21 – Arsène Tchakarian, Armenian-French resistance fighter (d. 2018) * December 24 ** Ron G. Mason, English oceanographer (d. 2009) ** Cecília Schelingová, Czechoslovakian Roman Catholic religious professed, martyr and blessed (d. 1955) * December 25 ** Ahmed Ben Bella, Algerian politician, 1st President of Algeria (d. 2012) ** Graciela Naranjo, Venezuelan singer and actress (d. 2001) *
December 27 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – The second Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is consecrated. *1512 – The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the conduct of settlers with regard to native Indians in the New World. *1521 – ...
– Cathy Lewis, American actress (d. 1968)


Date unknown

* Saad Jumaa, 17th Prime Minister of Jordan (d. 1979)


Deaths


January

* January 1 ** Max Bastelberger, German doctor and entomologist (b. 1851) ** Adán Cárdenas, Nicaraguan doctor and politician, 16th President of Nicaragua (b. 1836) *
January 2 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Em ...
** Joseph Rucker Lamar, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (b. 1857) ** Félix Sardà y Salvany, Spanish Roman Catholic priest and writer (b. 1844) * January 5 – Ulpiano Checa, Spanish painter, sculptor and illustrator (b. 1860) * January 7 – Andrés Baquero, Spanish teacher and writer (b. 1853) * January 8 ** Rembrandt Bugatti, Italian sculptor (b. 1884) ** Eugene W. Hilgard, German-born American soil scientist (b. 1833) * January 9 – Ada Rehan, Irish-born American Shakespearean actress (b. 1859) * January 10 – Guido Baccelli, Italian physician (b. 1830) * January 11 ** Cyril VIII Geha, Greek Catholic patriarch (b. 1840) ** Takashima Tomonosuke, Japanese general (b. 1844) * January 12 ** Léon Autonne, French engineer and mathematician (b. 1859) ** Georgios Theotokis, Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1844) * January 13 ** George Bengescu-Dabija, Wallachian-born Romanian poet, playwright, and general (b. 1844) ** Vasile Hossu (bishop of Gherla), Vasile Hossu, Romanian Orthodox priest and bishop (b. 1866) ** Victoriano Huerta, Mexican general and statesman, 35th President of Mexico (b. 1850) * January 14 – Otto Ammon, German anthropologist (b. 1842) * January 15 – Vojtech Alexander, Slovakian radiologist (b. 1857) * January 16 ** Arnold Aletrino, Dutch physician (b. 1858) ** William Montrose Graham Jr., American general (b. 1834) ** Juana María Condesa Lluch, Spanish Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1862) * January 17 – Arthur V. Johnson, American actor and director (b. 1876) * January 18 – Lorenzo Latorre, Uruguayan officer and politician, 11th President of Uruguay (b. 1844) * January 19 ** Dora Knowlton Ranous, American actress, author and translator (b. 1859) ** Antoine Simon (composer), Antoine Simon, French composer (b. 1850) * January 20 – Ephraim Francis Baldwin, American architect (b. 1837) * January 30 – Clements Markham, Sir Clements Markham, British explorer and geographer (b. 1830)


February

* February 3 – Metropolitan Ioan Mețianu, Romanian cleric (b. 1828) * February 6 ** Rubén Darío, Nicaraguan writer (b. 1867) ** Isala Van Diest, Belgian physician (b. 1842) * February 7 ** Franklin E. Brooks, U.S. House of Representatives from Colorado (b. 1847) ** Ludwika Szczęsna, Polish Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1863) * February 9 – Anton Yegorovich von Saltza, Russian general (b. 1843) * February 12 – Richard Dedekind, German mathematician (b. 1831) * February 13 ** Vilhelm Hammershøi, Danish painter (b. 1864) ** Carlos Antonio Mendoza, Panamanian politician, acting President of Panama (b. 1856) * February 18 – Hans Schmidt (priest), Hans Schmidt, German Roman Catholic priest (executed) (b. 1881) * February 19 – Ernst Mach, Austrian physicist and philosopher (b. 1838) * February 20 – Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Swedish writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1844) * February 21 – Karl Begas, German sculptor (b. 1845) * February 23 ** Jabez Balfour, English businessman (b. 1843) ** Domenico Lovisato, Italian geologist (b. 1842) ** Hugo von Pohl, German admiral (b. 1855) * February 25 – David Bowman (politician), David Bowman, Australian politician (b. 1860) * February 26 – Tomasa Ortiz Real, Spanish Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1842) * February 27 – Ugo Balzani, Italian historian (b. 1847) * February 28 – Henry James, American writer (b. 1843)


March

* March 2 – Elisabeth of Wied, Queen consort of Romania (b. 1843) * March 4 ** Franz Marc, German Expressionist painter (killed in action) (b. 1880) ** William Sooy Smith, American Union general and engineer (b. 1830) * March 7 – Fred Donovan, American baseball player (b. 1844) *March 9 - Arnold Spencer-Smith, British explorer, clergyman, and amateur photographer (b. 1883) * March 11 ** Florence Baker, Hungarian-born British explorer (b. 1841) ** Henry G. Davis, American politician (b. 1823) * March 12 – William M. O. Dawson, 12th Governor of West Virginia (b. 1853) * March 15 – John Beveridge (mayor), John Beveridge, Australian businessman, Municipality of Redfern, Mayor of Redfern (b. 1848) * March 16 – Thomas King (astronomer), Thomas King, New Zealander astronomer (b. 1858) * March 19 ** John J. Davis (congressman), John J. Davis, American politician, U.S. Representatives from West Virginia (b. 1835) ** Girolamo Maria Gotti, Italian Discalced Carmelite friar and Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1834) ** Vasily Surikov, Russian painter (b. 1848) * March 20 – Ota Benga, Belgian Congo, Congolese pygmy brought to America as part of an exhibition at the Bronx zoo (b. 1883) *
March 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6. * 1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margat ...
** Herman Gesellius, French architect (b. 1874) ** Enrique Granados, Spanish composer (ship sinking) (b. 1867) * March 25 – Ishi, last known member of the Yana people (b. 1860) * March 28 – Paul von Plehwe, Russian general (b. 1850) *
March 30 Events Pre-1600 * 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague. * 1282 &nda ...
– Nakamuta Kuranosuke, Japanese admiral (b. 1837)


April

* April 4 ** Alfred Cogniaux, Belgian botanist (b. 1841) ** Max Lewandowsky, German neurologist (b. 1876) * April 7 – Shigeyoshi Matsuo, Japanese businessman (b. 1843) *
April 11 Events Pre-1600 * 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. *1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. *1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferrares ...
– Richard Harding Davis, American journalist and author (b. 1864) *April 14 – Gina Krog, Norwegian suffragist, activist and editor (b. 1847) * April 16 – Alexander Meyrick Broadley, British barrister (b. 1846) * April 19 – Ephraim Shay, American inventor (b. 1839) * April 21 ** Ubaldo Pacchierotti, Italian composer (b. 1876) ** John Surratt, suspected of involvement in the Abraham Lincoln assassination, son of Mary Surratt (b. 1844) *
April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...
– Prince Leopold Clement of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1878) * April 28 – Edward Felix Baxter, English recipient of the Victorian Cross (b. 1885)


May

* May 1 – Lydia Zvereva, first Russian woman to earn a pilot's license (b. 1890) * May 2 – Jules Blanchard, French sculptor (b. 1832) * May 3 ** Patrick Pearse, Irish teacher, barrister, poet, writer, political activist, and nationalist (executed) (b. 1879) ** Thomas MacDonagh, Irish poet, playwright, educationalist and revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1878) ** Tom Clarke (Irish republican), Tom Clarke, Irish republican, leader of the
Irish Republican Brotherhood The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB; ) was a secret oath-bound fraternal organisation dedicated to the establishment of an "independent democratic republic" in Ireland between 1858 and 1924.McGee, p. 15. Its counterpart in the United States ...
(executed) (b. 1858) *
May 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''. * 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus ar ...
** Lord John Hay (Royal Navy officer, born 1827), Lord John Hay, British admiral and politician (b. 1827) ** Joseph Plunkett, Irish nationalist, republican, poet, journalist, revolutionary (executed) (b. 1887) ** Hector Sévin, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1852) * May 6 – Hans Chiari, Austrian pathologist (b. 1851) * May 8 ** Mabel Beardsley, English actress (b. 1871) ** William Burnyeat, British politician (b. 1837) ** Éamonn Ceannt, Irish republican (executed) (b. 1881) **Aeneas Mackintosh, British Merchant Navy officer and Antarctic explorer (b. 1879) **Victor Hayward, British explorer (b. 1887) * May 11 ** Max Reger, German Modernism (music), modernist composer (b. 1873) ** Karl Schwarzschild, German physicist (b. 1873) ** Tirésias Simon Sam, 16th President of Haiti (b. 1835) * May 12 ** James Connolly, Irish socialist and political activist (executed) (b. 1868) ** Seán Mac Diarmada, Irish republican (executed) (b. 1883) * May 13 ** Sholem Aleichem, Ukrainian Yiddish writer (b. 1859) ** Ján Bahýľ, Slovak engineer and inventor (b. 1856) ** Margaret Benson, English author (b. 1865) ** Émile Petitot, French Roman Catholic missionary (b. 1838) *May 18 - Chen Qimei, Chen Qiemi, Chinese politician (b. 1878) * May 19 – Georges Boillot, French Grand Prix driver (killed in action) (b. 1884) * May 21 – Artúr Görgei, Hungarian military general and politician (b. 1818) * May 23 – Vladimír Jindřich Bufka, Czechoslovak photographer (b. 1887) * May 27 – Joseph Gallieni, French general (b. 1849) * May 28 – Ivan Franko, Ukrainian writer and political activist (b. 1856) * May 31 – Horace Hood, Sir Horace Hood, British admiral (killed in action) (b. 1870)


June

* June 2 – Paul von Bruns, German surgeon (b. 1846) *
June 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights. * 1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles of Salerno. * 1288 ...
– Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, British field marshal and statesman (drowned) (b. 1850) * June 6 – Yuan Shikai, Chinese military official and politician, Emperor of China and 1st President of the Republic of China (b. 1859) * June 7 ** Alberto Elmore Fernández de Córdoba, Peruvian diplomat and politician, 52nd Prime Minister of Peru (b. 1844) ** Émile Faguet, French writer and critic (b. 1847) * June 12 – Silvanus P. Thompson, English professor of physics, electrical engineer, member of the Royal Society and author (b. 1851) * June 17 – Edwin Monroe Bacon, English writer (b. 1844) * June 18 ** Max Immelmann, German fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1890) ** Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, German general (b. 1848) * June 22 – Tanaka Yoshio, Japanese naturalist (b. 1838) * June 24 – Victor Chapman, French-born American fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1890) * June 25 – Thomas Eakins, American realist painter (b. 1844) * June 30 ** Russell Barton, British-born Australian politician (b. 1830) ** Eunice Eloisae Gibbs Allyn, American correspondent, author, and songwriter (b. 1847)


July

*
July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
– First Day on the Somme (killed in action) ** Eugene Bourdon (architect), Eugene Bourdon, French architect (b. 1870) ** Gilbert Waterhouse, English architect and war poet (b. 1883) *
July 2 Events Pre-1600 * 437 – Emperor Valentinian III begins his reign over the Western Roman Empire. His mother Galla Placidia ends her regency, but continues to exercise political influence at the court in Rome. * 626 – Li Shimin, ...
– Mikhail Pomortsev, Russian meteorologist (b. 1851) * July 3 ** Hetty Green, American businesswoman (b. 1834) ** Alfred Kleiner, Swiss physicist (b. 1849) ** Jeremiah Lomnytskyj, Ukrainian Order of Saint Basil the Great, Basilian priest, missionary and servant of God (b. 1860) * July 6 – Odilon Redon, French painter (b. 1840) * July 7 – Margarethe Hormuth-Kallmorgen, German painter (b. 1835) * July 12 – Cesare Battisti (politician), Cesare Battisti, Italian patriot, geographer and politician (b. 1875) *
July 15 Events Pre-1600 *484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome * 70 – First Jewish–Roman War: Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. (17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar). * 756 &ndash ...
– Élie Metchnikoff, Russian microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1845) * July 16 ** Regino Garcia, Filipino artist (b. 1840) ** Victor Horsley, Sir Victor Horsley, English physician and surgeon (b. 1857) * July 20 – Reinhard Sorge, German dramatist and poet (killed in action) (b. 1892) * July 22 – James Whitcomb Riley, American poet (b. 1849) * July 23 – Sir William Ramsay, British chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852) *
July 26 Events Pre-1600 * 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I. * 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seriou ...
** Gustave Maria Blanche, French Roman Catholic priest and bishop (b. 1849) ** Johannes Ranke, German physiologist (b. 1836) * July 27 ** Arthur Winton Brown, New Zealander politician, Mayor of Wellington (b. 1856) ** Charles Fryatt, British mariner (executed) (b. 1872) *
July 29 Events Pre-1600 *587 BC – The Neo-Babylonian Empire sacks Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple. * 615 – Pakal ascends the throne of Palenque at the age of 12. * 904 – Sack of Thessalonica: Saracen raiders under Leo o ...
– Claude Castleton, Australian VC recipient (killed in action) (b. 1893)


August

*
August 3 Events Pre-1600 * 8 – Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats the Dalmatae on the river Bosna. * 435 – Deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emperor ...
– Roger Casement, Irish nationalist (executed) (b. 1864) * August 5 – George Butterworth, English composer (b. 1885) *
August 7 Events Pre-1600 * 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer. * 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of Co ...
– Kittredge Haskins, American lawyer and politician, U.S. House of Representatives from Vermont (b. 1836) * August 8 ** Lily Braun, German writer (b. 1865) ** Kamimura Hikonojō, Japanese admiral (b. 1849) ** Oscar Linkson, English football player (b. 1888) *
August 9 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Caesar's Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt. * 378 – Gothic War: Battle of Adrianople: A large Roman army led by Emperor Valens ...
– Guido Gozzano, Italian poet and writer (b. 1883) * August 10 – S. Isadore Miner, American columnist writing as "Pauline Periwinkle" (b. 1863) * August 13 – Pierre de Ségur, French historian (b. 1853) *
August 17 Events Pre-1600 *309/ 310 – Pope Eusebius is banished by the Emperor Maxentius to Sicily, where he dies, possibly from a hunger strike. * 682 – Pope Leo II begins his pontificate. * 986 – Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: Battle ...
– Umberto Boccioni, Italian painter and sculptor (b. 1882) * August 18 – Marcel Brindejonc des Moulinais, French aviator (b. 1892) *
August 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Titus ends the siege of Jerusalem after destroying Herod's Temple. *1282 – Peter III of Aragon lands at Trapani to intervene in the War of the Sicilian Vespers. * 1363 – The five-week Battle of Lake ...
– Alexander Boarman, American judge, U.S. House of Representatives of Louisiana (b. 1839) * August 31 ** Martha McClellan Brown, American activist (b. 1838) ** John St. John (American politician), John St. John, American temperance leader and Governor of Kansas (b. 1833)


September

*
September 2 Events Pre-1600 *44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. * 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his '' Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of t ...
** Gennady Ladyzhensky, Russian painter (b. 1852) ** Felipe Trigo, Spanish writer (b. 1864) * September 4 – José Echegaray, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1832) * September 7 – Annie Le Porte Diggs, Canadian-born American activist and librarian (b. 1853) * September 8 ** Friedrich Baumfelder, German composer, conductor, and pianist (b. 1836) ** James Gray (mayor), James Gray, American journalist, 19th Mayor of Minneapolis (b. 1862) * September 12 – Zygmunt Balicki, Polish sociologist (b. 1858) * September 14 – Pierre Duhem, French physicist (b. 1861) * September 15 ** Raymond Asquith, English barrister (b. 1878) ** Josiah Royce, American philosopher (b. 1855) * September 17 – Seth Low, American politician and educator, Mayor of New York City (b. 1850) * September 25 – Gerald Arbuthnot, British soldier and politician (b. 1872) *
September 29 Events Pre-1600 *61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday. * 1011 – Danes capture Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah, a ...
– Albert John Cook, American entomologist and zoologist (b. 1842)


October

* October 3 ** James Burgess (archaeologist), James Burgess, British archaeologist (b. 1832) ** Dmytro Yaremko, Ukrainian Eastern Catholic hierarch and bishop (b. 1879) * October 6 – Isidore De Loor, Belgian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1881) * October 10 – Antonio Sant'Elia, Italian architect (killed in action) (b. 1888) * October 11 – King Otto, King of Bavaria, Otto of Bavaria (b. 1848) *
October 12 Events Pre-1600 *539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire. (Julian calendar) * 633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance u ...
– Tony Jannus, American aviator and aircraft designer (b. 1889) * October 18 – Ignacio Pinazo Camarlench, Spanish painter (b. 1849) *
October 21 Events Pre-1600 *1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade. * 1097 – First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, begin the Siege of ...
** Olindo Guerrini, Italian poet (b. 1845) **
Karl von Stürgkh Count Karl von Stürgkh (30 October 1859 – 21 October 1916) was an Austrian politician and Minister-President of Cisleithania during the 1914 July Crisis that led to the outbreak of World War I. He was shot and killed by the Social Democratic ...
, Prime Minister of Austria (b. 1859) * October 25 – Gérard Encausse, Gérard Encausse, ''Papus'', French occultist (b. 1865) * October 28 ** Oswald Boelcke, German World War I fighter ace, (b. 1891) ** Cleveland Abbe, American meteorologist (b. 1838) * October 29 – John Sebastian Little, American politician and congressman (b. 1851) * October 31 **Tina Blau, Austrian painter (b. 1845) ** Charles Taze Russell, Protestant evangelist, forerunner of Jehovah's Witnesses (b. 1852) **Huang Xing, Chinese revolutionary leader and politician, and the first commander-in-chief of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China (b. 1874)


November

*
November 1 Events Pre-1600 *365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities. * 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, ...
– Franz, Prince of Thun and Hohenstein, Austrian noble and statesman, Prime Minister (b. 1847) * November 2 – Prince Mircea of Romania (b. 1913) * November 3 – August Lindberg (actor), August Lindberg, Swedish actor, director and manager (b. 1846) * November 4 ** John Bingham, 5th Baron Clanmorris, Irish peer (b. 1838) ** Ella Loraine Dorsey, American author, journalist, and translator (d. 1935) * November 5 – Francesco Salesio Della Volpe, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1844) * November 6 – Sultan Ali Dinar (b. 1856) * November 8 – Prince Heinrich of Bavaria (b. 1884) * November 9 ** Ludwig Bruns, German neurologist (b. 1856) ** Ion Dragalina, Romanian general (died of wounds) (b. 1860) * November 10 – Walter Sutton, American geneticist and physician (b. 1877) * November 11 ** Frank Chesterton (architect), Frank Chesterton, British architect (b. 1877) ** Francisco da Veiga Beirão, Portuguese politician, 53rd Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1841) * November 12 – Percival Lowell, American astronomer (b. 1855) * November 14 ** Franklin Ware Mann, American inventor (b. 1856) ** Saki, British writer (b. 1870) * November 15 – Henryk Sienkiewicz, Polish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1846) *
November 21 Events Pre-1600 * 164 BCE – Judas Maccabeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family, rededicates the Temple in Jerusalem, an event is commemorated each year by the festival of Hanukkah. (25 Kislev 3597 in the Hebrew calendar.) * 23 ...
– ** Chester Adgate Congdon, American mining magnate (b. 1853) ** Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria (b. 1830) * November 22 – Jack London, American author (b. 1876) * November 23 – Lanoe Hawker Victoria Cross, VC, British World War I fighter ace, killed in action by Manfred von Richthofen (b. 1890) * November 24 ** Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1833) ** John Francis Barnett, English teacher (b. 1851) ** Hiram Stevens Maxim, Sir Hiram Maxim, American firearms inventor (b. 1840) * November 27 – Émile Verhaeren, Belgian poet (b. 1855) * November 28 – Martinus Theunis Steyn, Boer lawyer, politician, and statesman, sixth and last President of the Orange Free State (1896-1902) (b. 1857) * November 30 – Demetrio Alonso Castrillo, Spanish politician (b. 1841)


December

* December 1 – Charles de Foucauld, French Roman Catholic religious professed, priest and blessed (b. 1858) * December 2 ** William Brownell (politician), William Brownell, Australian politician (b. 1862) ** Hughie Hughes, British racecar driver (b. 1885) ** José Veríssimo, Brazilian writer (b. 1857) * December 4 – Paul Allard, French archaeologist and historian (b. 1841) * December 5 ** Princess Augusta of Cambridge (b. 1822) ** Hans Richter (conductor), Hans Richter, Austrian–Hungarian conductor (b. 1843) * December 6 – Signe Hornborg, Finnish architect (b. 1856) * December 8 – John Porter Merrell, American admiral (b. 1846) * December 9 ** Pierre Paul Leroy-Beaulieu, French economist (b. 1843) ** Natsume Sōseki, Japanese writer (b. 1867) ** Clara Ward, Princesse de Caraman-Chimay (b. 1873) * December 10 – Ōyama Iwao, Japanese field marshal and a founder of the Imperial Japanese Army (b. 1842) * December 11 ** Valentín Díaz, Filipino patriot, during the Philippine Revolution (b. 1845) ** Zoilo H. Garcia, Dominican engineer and aviator (b. 1881) * December 12 – Edwin Atlee Barber, American archaeologist (b. 1851) * December 14 – Nicolai Soloviev, Russian composer (b. 1846) * December 15 – José Maria de Alpoim, Portuguese journalist (b. 1857) *
December 16 Events Pre-1600 * 714 – Pepin of Herstal, mayor of the Merovingian palace, dies at Jupille (modern Belgium). He is succeeded by his infant grandson Theudoald, while his widow Plectrude holds actual power in the Frankish Kingdom. * ...
** Friedrich Ernst Dorn, German physicist (b. 1848) ** Honorat da Biała, Polish Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1829) ** Hugo Münsterberg, German-born American psychologist (b. 1856) ** Ognjeslav Kostović Stepanović, Ognjeslav Stepanović, Serbian inventor (b. 1851) *
December 18 Events Pre-1600 * 1271 – Kublai Khan renames his empire "Yuan" (元 yuán), officially marking the start of the Yuan dynasty of Mongolia and China. *1499 – A rebellion breaks out in Alpujarras in response to the forced convers ...
** George W. Cook, U.S. Representative from Colorado (b. 1851) ** Giulia Valle, Italian Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1847) * December 19 ** Doug Allison, American baseball player (b. 1846) ** Thibaw Min, King of Burma (b. 1859) *
December 22 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69 – Vespasian is proclaimed Emperor of Rome; his predecessor, Vitellius, attempts to abdicate but is captured and killed at the Gemonian stairs. * 401 – Pope Innocent I is elected, the only pope to succeed his ...
– George A. Woodward, American general (b. 1835) * December 25 ** Albert Chmielowski, Polish Roman Catholic religious professed and saint (b. 1845) ** John Dunne (bishop of Wilcannia), John Dunne, Australian Roman Catholic bishop and reverend (b. 1846) * December 28 – Eduard Strauss, Austrian composer (b. 1835) *
December 30 Events Pre-1600 * 534 – The second and final edition of the Code of Justinian comes into effect in the Byzantine Empire. * 999 – Battle of Glenmama: The combined forces of Munster and Meath under king Brian Boru inflict a crus ...
** Grigori Rasputin, Russian mystic (assassinated) (b. 1869) ** Leopold Sulerzhitsky, Russian painter (b. 1872)


Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – not awarded * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – not awarded * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – not awarded * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – not awarded


References


Further reading

* Williams, John. ''The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914-1918'' (1972) pp 109–74.


Primary sources and year books


''New International Year Book 1916'' (1917)
Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 938pp *
Early Advertising, "Fishing for Suckers"
at Duke University {{DEFAULTSORT:1916 1916, Leap years in the Gregorian calendar