The 1st Manchurian Army (russian: 1-я Маньчжурская армия / 1 МА) was a

field army A field army (or numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps and may be subordinate to an army group. Likewise, air armies are equivalent formation within some air forces, and with ...

of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

that was established in 1904 during the

Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War ( ja, 日露戦争, Nichiro sensō, Japanese-Russian War; russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, Rússko-yapónskaya voyná) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1 ...

, for the purposes of operating in the

Manchuria Manchuria is an exonym (derived from the endo demonym " Manchu") for a historical and geographic region in Northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day Northeast China (Inner Manchuria) and parts of the Russian Far East (Outer Manc ...

region against

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

. It was one of the three such armies that were created and was involved in every major engagement.

History

It was formed in October–November 1904, from the basis of the Manchurian Army that had existed until September of that year, which had been dissolved after the

Battle of Liaoyang The (russian: Сражение при Ляояне) was the first major List of battles of the Russo-Japanese War, land battle of the Russo-Japanese War, on the outskirts of the city of Liaoyang in present-day Liaoning Province, China. The city ...

. The previous "Manchurian Army" was a term that encompassed all units of the

Russian Imperial Army The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian Ar ...

formations operating in the region against the

Imperial Japanese Army The was the official ground-based armed force of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945. It was controlled by the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office and the Ministry of the Army, both of which were nominally subordinate to the Emperor o ...

. It consisted of the following formations: 1st Siberian Army Corps primarily as the southern detachment and the

3rd Siberian Army Corps The 3rd Siberian Army Corps was an Army corps in the Imperial Russian Army. Composition 1905: * 4th Siberian Rifle Division *7th Siberian Rifle Division 1914: *7th Siberian Rifle Division *8th Siberian Rifle Division The 8th Siberian Rifle Divis ...

primarily as the eastern. In September 1904, that army was officially disbanded by order of

Emperor An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereignty, sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), ...

Nicholas II Nicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov; spelled in pre-revolutionary script. ( 186817 July 1918), known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer,. was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Pola ...

and replaced by the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Manchurian Armies. Kowner (2009), pp. 220–221

Order of battle

The 1st Manchurian Army consisted of the following units, as of January 1905.Russian Army of Manchuria
US Army Combined Arms Center. * 1st Army Corps ** 22nd Infantry Division ** 37th Infantry Division *

2nd Siberian Army Corps The 2nd Siberian Army Corps was an Army corps in the Imperial Russian Army. Composition 1905: *6th Siberian Rifle Division *8th Siberian Rifle Division 1914: * 4th Siberian Rifle Division * 5th Siberian Rifle Division Part of * 1st Manchurian Arm ...

** 6th Siberian Rifle Division **

8th Siberian Rifle Division The 8th Siberian Rifle Division (; ''8-ya Sibirskaya Strelkovaya Diviziya)'' was an infantry unit of the Imperial Russian Army. The division was formed in 1904 from a brigade, fighting in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. History On 30 ...

** 4th Siberian Rifle Division ** 7th Siberian Rifle Division * 4th Siberian Army Corps ** 2nd Siberian Rifle Division ** 3rd Siberian Rifle Division

Commanders

The formation was commanded by the following officers until its dissolution.

Chief of Staff

* 28.10.1904-17.03.1905 : Lieutenant-General V. I. Kharkevich. * 24.03.1905-18.04.1906 : Lieutenant General Aleksei Evert.

References

Notes

Books

*{{cite book , last = Kowner , first = Rotem , year = 2009 , title = The A to Z of the Russo-Japanese War , publisher = Scarecrow Press , isbn = 0810868415 , ref = Kowner2009 1904 establishments in the Russian Empire Armies of the Russian Empire Military units and formations established in 1904 Military units and formations disestablished in 1906