1 Samuel 26

1 Samuel 26 is the twenty-sixth chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan, but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE. This chapter contains the account of David's escape from Saul's repeated attempts to kill him. This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 16 to 2 Samuel 5 which records the rise of David as the king of Israel.

Text

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 25 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSam; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 9–12, 21–24.Dead sea scrolls - 1 Samuel
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Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; $\mathfrak$^B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; $\mathfrak$^A; 5th century).

Places

{{Location map+
, Israel
, width=240
, float=right
, label= Ancient Israel
, caption= Places mentioned in this chapter
, places={{Location map~, Israel
, lat=31.703056 , long= 35.195556
, mark=Red_pog.svg
, marksize=6
, label=Bethlehem
, label_size=100
, position=right
{{Location map~, Israel
, lat= 31.823333 , long= 35.231111
, mark=Red_pog.svg
, marksize=6
, label= Gibeah
, label_size=100
, position=top
{{Location map~, Israel
, lat=31.409444 , long= 35.133889
, mark=Red_pog.svg
, marksize=6
, label= Maon
, label_size=100
, position=left
{{{Location map~, Israel
, lat=31.45 , long=35.383333
, mark=Blue_pog.svg
, marksize=6
, label= Engedi
, label_size=100
, position=bottom

* Gibeah
*Hachilah

{{Anchor, Verses 1–12David spares Saul again (26:1–12)

There are many points of similarity between this narrative and the one contained in 1 Samuel 23:19-24 and 1 Samuel 24:1-22, although the multiple differences prove that these are two separate events.Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors)
On "1 Samuel 26".
In: ''The Pulpit Commentary''. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.{{sfn, Jones, 2007, p=212

Points of similarities:
# The report of the Ziphites (1 Samuel 23:19; 1 Samuel 26:1).
# David's camp in the hill Hachilah (1 Samuel 23:19; 1 Samuel 26:1, 3).
# Saul's march with 3000 men (1 Samuel 24:2; 1 Samuel 26:2).
# The urge of David's men to kill Saul (1 Samuel 24:4; 1 Samuel 26:8).
# David's refusal to kill the anointed of Jehovah (1 Samuel 24:6; 1 Samuel 26:9, 11).
# Saul's recognition of David's voice (1 Samuel 24:16; 1 Samuel 26:17).
# David's comparison of himself to a flea (1 Samuel 24:14; 1 Samuel 26:20).

Points of differences:
# David spared Saul's life in a cave at En-gedi; but here in Saul's entrenched camp. # Earlier David has to flee in haste, here he could send spies
# Previously David was saved by the news of Philistines' invasion, here David kept a distance and separated by a ravine
# In the first event, David cut off a piece of Saul's cloak, whereas here he took away Saul's spear (a symbol of royal office) and water jug (a symbol of life) as Saul was fast asleep in the camp.{{sfn, Jones, 2007, p=212

Verse 1

:''Now the Ziphites came to Saul at Gibeah, saying, “Is David not hiding in the hill of Hachilah, opposite Jeshimon?” ''
David's return to Maon could be related with some business of Abigail, now David's wife, who may still control some properties in the area. The Ziphites reported David's presence to Saul, probably out of fear that David may attack them for their former betrayal of him. The fact that Saul at that time was in Gibeah and only 'arose' after hearing the report suggests that he did not pursue David any more until being excited by the Ziphites of a good opportunity to ambush David.Benson, Joseph
'’Commentary on the Old and New Testaments''. 1 Samuel 26.
Accessed 9 Juli 2019.

{{Anchor, Verses 13–25David reproved Abner as Saul acknowledged his sin against David (26:13–25)

After leaving Saul's camp undetected and standing in a safe distance, David berated Abner for failing to protect the king, while also implying to the failure to recognize the king-elect (verse 14). However, Saul did recognize David's voice, and became regretful of his own action to pursue. In view of his decision to leave Israelite territory, David pled with Saul not to 'let his blood fall to the earth' while in exile.{{sfn, Jones, 2007, p=213 This was actually the last time Saul met David, and as they parted for good, Saul gave his final blessings to David.{{sfn, Evans, 2018, p=267

Verse 20

:''"Now therefore, let not my blood fall to the earth away from the presence of the LORD, for the king of Israel has come out to seek a single flea like one who hunts a partridge in the mountains."''{{bibleref2, 1 Samuel , 26:20, ESV ESV
*"Away in the presence of to be Lord": David implied that he would not be able to properly worship the Lord if he left the land of Israel, which he was planning to do (1 Samuel 27:1).{{sfn, Evans, 2018, p=266

See also

{{columns-list, colwidth=22em,
* Abishai
*Abner
*Ahimelech
* Anointing
*Biblical Hittites
*Espionage
*Joab
*Israel
*Ner
* Zeruiah
*Related Bible parts: 1 Samuel 24, 1 Samuel 25

Notes

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References

{{reflist

Sources

Commentaries on Samuel

{{Refbegin
*{{cite book, last=Auld, first=Graeme, chapter=1 & 2 Samuel, chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213 , editor=James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson, title=Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible, publisher=Eerdmans, year=2003, isbn=9780802837110
*{{Cite book, last=Bergen, first=David T., title=1, 2 Samuel, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC , publisher=B&H Publishing Group, year=1996, isbn=9780805401073
*{{Cite book, last=Chapman , first= Stephen B. , title= 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary , publisher= Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company , year= 2016 , isbn= 978-1467445160 , url= https://www.google.com/books?id=kS4XDAAAQBAJ
*{{Cite book, last=Evans , first= Paul , title= 1-2 Samuel , series = The Story of God Bible Commentary , editor-first= Tremper , editor-last= Longman , publisher= Zondervan Academic , year= 2018 , isbn= 978-0310490944 , url= https://www.google.com/books?id=Uy8-DwAAQBAJ
*{{Cite book, last=Gordon, first=Robert, title=I & II Samuel, A Commentary, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC&dq=I+%26+II+Samuel:+a+commentary+Gordon&pg=PA338, publisher=Paternoster Press , year=1986 , isbn=9780310230229
*{{Cite book, last=Hertzberg, first=Hans Wilhelm, title=I & II Samuel, A Commentary, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&q=Saul+appointed+anointed+instituted&pg=PA19, publisher=Westminster John Knox Press, year=1964, edition=trans. from German 2nd edition 1960, isbn=978-0664223182, page=19
*{{Cite book, last=Tsumura, first=David Toshio, title=The First Book of Samuel, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC , publisher=Eerdmans, year=2007, isbn=9780802823595
{{Refend

General

{{Refbegin
*{{Cite book, last=Breytenbach, first=Andries, title=Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets , publisher= Brill, year=2000, chapter=Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative? , chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&dq=Breytenbach+Who+is+behind+the+Samuel+narrative&pg=PA50, editor=Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy, isbn=9789004118713
*{{cite book , last= Coogan, first = Michael David , author-link= Michael D. Coogan , title = The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 , editor-last1 = Coogan , editor-first1= Michael David , editor-first2 = Marc Zvi , editor-last2 = Brettler , editor-first3 = Carol Ann , editor-last3 = Newsom , editor-first4= Pheme , editor-last4 = Perkins , edition= Augmented 3rd , publisher = Oxford University Press , year = 2007 , isbn = 978-0195288810 , url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ
*{{cite book, last = Fitzmyer, first = Joseph A., authorlink= Joseph Fitzmyer , title = A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature, publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC , year = 2008, isbn = 9780802862419, location = Grand Rapids, MI
*{{cite book , last= Halley , first= Henry H. , author-link= Henry Hampton Halley , title= Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary , edition=24th (revised), publisher= Zondervan Publishing House , date= 1965 , url= https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr , url-access= registration, isbn= 0-310-25720-4
*{{Cite book , last = Hayes , first = Christine , title = Introduction to the Bible , publisher = Yale University Press , year = 2015 , url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC , isbn = 978-0300188271
*{{cite book, last= Jones , first= Gwilym H. , chapter = 12. 1 and 2 Samuel , title=The Oxford Bible Commentary , editor-first1=John , editor-last1 = Barton , editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) , editor-first2=John , editor-last2= Muddiman , editor2-link = John Muddiman , publisher = Oxford University Press , edition= first (paperback) , year = 2007 , pages = 196–232 , isbn = 978-0199277186 , url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ , access-date=February 6, 2019
*{{Cite book, last=Klein, first=R.W., chapter=Samuel, books of, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C , editor=Bromiley, Geoffrey W, title=The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, publisher=Eerdmans, year=2003, isbn=9780802837844
* {{Cite book, last=Knight, first=Douglas A, chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&q=630+BCE&pg=PA62, editor=James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards, chapter=Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists, title=Old Testament Interpretation, publisher=T&T Clark, year=1995, isbn=9780567292896
*{{Cite book , editor-last = Ulrich , editor-first = Eugene , title = The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants , year = 2010 , publisher = Brill , url = https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls
*{{cite book , last = Würthwein , first = Ernst , author-link = Ernst Würthwein , title = The Text of the Old Testament , publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans , location = Grand Rapids, MI , year= 1995 , translator-first1 = Erroll F., translator-last1 = Rhodes , isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 , url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC , access-date= January 26, 2019
{{Refend

External links

* Jewish translations:
*
Shmuel I - I Samuel - Chapter 26 (Judaica Press)
Hebrew text and English translation ith Rashi's commentary">Rashi.html" ;"title="ith Rashi">ith Rashi's commentaryat Chabad.org
* Christian translations:
*
''Online Bible'' at GospelHall.org
(ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
*
1 Samuel chapter 26. Bible Gateway

{{First Book of Samuel

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samuel 1 26

First Book of Samuel chapters, 26