1Malaysia (pronounced ''One Malaysia'' in
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ide ...
and ''Satu Malaysia'' in
Malay
Malay may refer to:
Languages
* Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore
** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century
** Indonesi ...
) is a programme designed by
Malaysia
Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...
n 6th
Prime Minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...
Najib Tun Razak
Dato' Sri Haji Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak ( ms, محمد نجيب بن عبد الرزاق, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset, ; born 23 July 1953) is a Malaysian politician who served as the 6th prime minister of Malays ...
in summer 2009 with the stated goal of promoting ethnic harmony, national unity, and efficient governance.
National campaign
![1 Malaysia Square](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/1_Malaysia_Square.JPG)
1Malaysia is a concept introduced by former Prime Minister
Najib Tun Razak
Dato' Sri Haji Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak ( ms, محمد نجيب بن عبد الرزاق, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset, ; born 23 July 1953) is a Malaysian politician who served as the 6th prime minister of Malays ...
to promote national unity. According to Razak, the eight values of the concept are high performance culture, accuracy, knowledge, innovation, integrity, strong will, loyalty and wisdom.
Logo and slogan
An official logo and slogan has been introduced along with the launch of 1Malaysia concept. The logo is the symbol of '1' which incorporates the national
Jalur Gemilang flag and the word Malaysia. The government has spent RM38 million to promote former Prime Minister Najib Abdul Razak's 1Malaysia concept in 2010, said Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Department T Murugiah.
Slogan
Public policy
Improving government efficiency is a major goal of 1Malaysia. The use of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), metrics and targets more typically used in private business, and National Key Result Areas (NKRAs) is thus naturally an important part of the 1Malaysia effort. Najib says, "The government is committed to carrying out a transformation programme as its main agenda based on approaches and philosophy of 1Malaysia – people first, performance now."
Immediately after assuming the office of Prime Minister of Malaysia, Dato Seri
Najib Tun Razak
Dato' Sri Haji Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak ( ms, محمد نجيب بن عبد الرزاق, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset, ; born 23 July 1953) is a Malaysian politician who served as the 6th prime minister of Malays ...
introduced a series of KPIs to measure and improve the efficiency and quality of government services as well as realizing the 1Malaysia concept. Najib said that KPIs were implemented to ensure "the people’s satisfaction...whether they are satisfied with our service, whether we have solved their problems".
Najib's announcement of the KPI effort was generally well-received. Then Deputy Prime Minister
Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin said the KPI formula was a yardstick against which the people could measure the performance of Najib and the government. He said the KPIs would provide motivation for every minister to perform well.
The KPIs provide a mechanism for the evaluation of ministries and other government agencies, including performance reviews, carried out every six months. Each ministry has been required to establish specific KPIs, including that focus on policy outcomes over the traditional emphasis on inputs typically found in government performance assessments and planning. KPIs include detailed job descriptions and goals for ministers, deputy ministers, and some other senior government officials.
Najib has identified six major policy areas in which KPIs will play an especially important role in improving the effectiveness of the Malaysian government. These are known as National Key Result Areas (NKRAs). The NKRAs include crime prevention, reducing government corruption, increased access to quality education, improvements in the standard of living for low-income groups, upgrades to rural infrastructure, and improvements in public transportation.
Najib also introduced a new cabinet position to support the Unity and Performance Minister in implementing the KPI system.
Idris Jala
Dato' Sri Idris Jala (born 21 August 1958) is a Malaysian technocrat. He served as the Minister in the Prime Minister's Department and as the chief executive officer of the Performance Management and Delivery Unit (Pemandu) from 2009 till 2015 ...
, the former CEO of Malaysia Airlines, was appointed Minister Without a Portfolio and CEO of Performance Management and Delivery Unit (Pemandu), to work with Dr.
Koh Tsu Koon in training over 500 government officers to implement the KPI system. As CEO of Pemandu Idris will support the work of Koh, who is the minister in charge of National Unity and Performance Management.
Public services
1Malaysia clinics
Former Prime Minister Najib's Budget 2010 includes funding for 50 medical clinics to provide basic medical services for illnesses and injuries such as fever, cough, colds, wounds and cuts, diabetes, and hypertension. Malaysia citizens are charged RM1 for treatment and medication. Non-citizens are charged RM15.
1Malaysia Community WiFi
To boost internet penetration in the country, the government launch free
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi () is a family of wireless network protocols, based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio wave ...
services as part of the 1Malaysia campaign which known as ''(Kampung Tanpa Wayar - KTW)'' (Village Without Wire) in 2011 for rural areas resident. The Wi-Fi services have since been renamed as WiFi Komuniti (WK) - Community WiFi.
1Malaysia email
It was announced that the RM50 million contract was awarded to a company called Tricubes Bhd to run the 1Malaysia email project as part of the government's social networking project in which free email accounts would be given to the public to communicate with the government. Former Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Razak announced the "1Malaysia" email project in April last year as part of his administration's Economic Transformation Program (ETP), saying it would have a gross national income (GNI) impact of RM39 million (US$14.4 million) by 2015.
1Malaysia Development Berhad
A government-owned firm
1Malaysia Development Berhad was formed through the renaming
sovereign wealth fund
A sovereign wealth fund (SWF), sovereign investment fund, or social wealth fund is a state-owned investment fund that invests in real and financial assets such as stocks, bonds, real estate, precious metals, or in alternative investments such ...
called Terengganu Investment Authority (TIA). Through Najib's efforts the company has focus on strategic development projects in the areas of
energy
In physics, energy (from Ancient Greek: ἐνέργεια, ''enérgeia'', “activity”) is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat a ...
,
real estate
Real estate is property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this (also) an item of real property, (more general ...
,
tourism
Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring (disambiguation), touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tour (disambiguation), tours. Th ...
and agribusiness.
Kedai Rakyat 1Malaysia (1Malaysia People's Grocery Stores)
In 2011, the 1Malaysia franchise was branched off into a grocery store franchise going by the name Kedai Rakyat 1Malaysia (KR1M), with the first store being located at the
Kelana Jaya Line Light Rail Transit (LRT) station in
Kuala Lumpur
, anthem = '' Maju dan Sejahtera''
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, pushpin_map = Malaysia#Southeast Asia#Asia
, pushpin_map_caption =
, coordinates =
, su ...
. The franchise was aimed at allowing the low income group to obtain cheaper groceries and lighten their burden besides bringing Malaysians closer to the significance of 1Malaysia.
Non-governmental organizations
1Malaysia Foundation
The 1Malaysia Foundation (Y1M) was established in 2009 to promote and develop the idea of 1Malaysia. Y1M works to co-ordinate and supplement government and private-sector activities related to 1Malaysia. Dr
Chandra Muzaffar
Chandra Muzaffar is a Malaysian political scientist, and an Islamic reformist and activist. He has written on civilization dialogue, human rights, Malaysian politics and international relations.
Career
Muzaffar was the first Director of the ...
, the chairman of the Y1M Board of Trustees, said, "Y1M is planning to expand and strengthen the commitment from all Malaysians towards national unity through various activities to increase public awareness and community development."
1Malaysia Youth Fund
The 1Malaysia Youth Fund was launched to provide financial support for young people to undertake creative projects that nurture national unity. RM20 million was allocated for the fund under Malaysia's budget passed in 2010. The fund was proposed by the Barisan Nasional Youth Lab.
[1Malaysia Youth Fund a boon for youthful ideas, The Star, 22 January 2011]
Former Prime Minister Najib said that 1Malaysia Youth Fund reflected the government's commitment to empowering young people. "The scope and the projects should address three criteria – focus on nurturing unity in Malaysia, have a multiplier effect on the general community, and be led by young people. The objective is to encourage youths to use their imagination to the fullest. We want them to be creative and innovative. Maybe their ability may exceed our expectations, and maybe they can do something which has not been thought of by us", said Najib.
Public response to 1Malaysia
Interpretation
A year after the concept's introduction, the 4th and 7th Prime Minister and previous mentor to Najib,
Mahathir Mohamad
Mahathir bin Mohamad ( ms, محاضير بن محمد, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset; ; born 10 July 1925) is a Malaysian politician, author, and physician who served as the 4th and 7th Prime Minister of Malaysia. He held the office ...
reportedly said that he "masih tidak faham" (“still doesn't understand”) the concept. Almost two years later, the public similarly, based on an opinion poll in July 2010, were wary of the concept. In particular, the non-Malays surveyed, according to The Malaysian Insider, "were almost split on the Najib administration's national unity agenda with 46 per cent of the respondents believing that the 1Malaysia concept is only a political agenda to win the non-Malay votes," and "only 39 per cent of the non-Malays believed that the concept introduced by Najib after he took over the government was a sincere effort to unite all races in Malaysia".
Criticism of public services
The 1Malaysia clinics was criticised for its service, especially for their lack of equipment, expired medicines, unqualified assistant medical officers
and lack of civil manners by its nurse staff towards patients.
The 1Malaysia Village Without Wire programme (''Kampung Tanpa Wayar - KTW'') has met with a lot of criticism from the rural area's community with many of them labelling the project as "failed" due to the frequent malfunction and slow Wi-Fi services.
The 1Malaysia email has been criticised by the public and the opposition
Pakatan Rakyat
The People's Alliance ( ms, Pakatan Rakyat; abbrev: PR) was an informal Malaysian political coalition and successor to Barisan Alternatif (BA). The political coalition was formed by the People's Justice Party (PKR), Democratic Action Party (DAP ...
on the waste of money involved and that
Tricubes used to be in financial difficulty. After the public outcry, Najib had to backtrack stating that this was a private sector initiative and that acceptance of the email accounts was voluntary. Protests have been organised against the project on Facebook and parodied on a website.
The 1Malaysia Development Berhad company has been saddled with controversies such as the purchase of overpriced land from Tadmax Resources, a company linked to the Port Klang Free Zone scandal.
Complaints have been received that the groceries sold at KR1M were more expensive compared to those sold in hypermarkets around Malaysia. There have been allegations of poor product quality in its product line, namely children's milk formula, fresh milk, condensed milk, sweetened condensed creamer, oyster sauce, fruit jam, canned chicken curry, mango cordial, ghee compounds, peanuts, creamy peanut butter, crunchy peanut butter, crispy peanut butter and tinned sardines in tomato sauce. KR1M has instructed its suppliers to send their products for periodical laboratory testing.
Bumiputera rights
Former Prime Minister Najib's efforts to liberalise government policies and create a more open policy towards all races with 1Malaysia led Malay rights group
Perkasa
Pertubuhan Pribumi Perkasa ( Malay for "Mighty Native Organisation" or better known by its acronym: Perkasa), is a Malay dominance non-governmental organisation (NGO) that was formed by Ibrahim Ali in the aftermath of the 2008 general electi ...
to seek further clarification on the policy, as they feared that his 1Malaysia would undermine Malay or
Bumiputera Bumiputera or Bumiputra, which is a Malay word, comes from the Sanskrit word ''Bhumiputra'' which may be transliterated as "son of earth" or "son of the soil" (Bhūmi; भूमि = earth; putra = son). It has different definitions in Brunei and M ...
rights in favour of minorities in Malaysia.
Anwar Ibrahim's suspension from parliament
On 22 April 2010,
Anwar Ibrahim
Anwar bin Ibrahim ( ms, انور بن ابراهيم, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset, IPA: ; born 10 August 1947) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the 10th Prime Minister of Malaysia since November 2022. He served as the 12 ...
the leader of Malaysia's opposition, was censured by Malaysia's parliament for remarks he made during a press conference in parliament on 30 March 2010. Anwar had claimed to have documents linking 1Malaysia,
One Israel
One Israel ( he, ישראל אחת, ''Yisrael Ahat'') was an alliance of the Labor Party, Meimad and Gesher created to run for the 1999 Knesset elections.
Background
One Israel was formed by Labor leader Ehud Barak in the run-up to the 199 ...
, and the public relations firm
APCO Worldwide
APCO Worldwide is a independent global public affairs and strategic communications consultancy. With 680 employees in 35 worldwide locations, it is also the fifth largest independently owned PR firm in the United States. Headquartered in W ...
(APCO), but refused to allow access to the documents when challenged. It is against Malaysia's foreign policy to have any dealings with Israel, and the appointment of APCO has deeply angered the sensitivities of the Muslims in the country. They wanted Najib to terminate the contract with the company. The Malaysian government and APCO have strongly denied Anwar's allegations. The censure motion passed by the House of Representatives referred Anwar's case to the Rights and Privileges Committee which will recommend punishment for approval by the full chamber. Such punishment could include being banned from parliament.
Anwar has retaliated by producing the two documents to back up his statements and refute the government's denials.
It was announced that Anwar was to be suspended from parliament by the Parliamentary Rights and Privileges Committee based solely by content of a letter by APCO without him being able to put up a defence for himself. This prompted a walkout by opposition MPs. On 16 December 2010 Anwar and three opposition MPs,
Karpal Singh
Dato' Seri Utama Karpal Singh s/o Ram Singh Deo ( pa, ਕਰਪਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ, Karpāl Siṅgh; 28 June 1940 – 17 April 2014) was an Indian Malaysian politician and lawyer. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Bu ...
,
Azmin Ali
Mohamed Azmin bin Ali ( Jawi: محمد عزمين بن علي; born 25 August 1964) is a Malaysian politician who served as Senior Minister of the Economic Cluster and as Minister of International Trade and Industry from 2020 to 2022. A memb ...
and
Sivarasa Rasiah
Sivarasa a/l Rasiah ( ta, சிவராசா ராசையா, Civarācā rācaiyā; born 8 December 1956), or also known as R. Sivarasa is a Malaysian politician, lawyer and human rights activist of Ceylonese and Sri Lankan descent w ...
were suspended from parliament.
Anwar has blamed APCO Worldwide for his and his fellow opposition parliamentarian's suspensions.
[
]
Negaraku Malaysia
In conjunction with the 60th National Day celebration in 2017, the government then under the Barisan National coalition, led by then prime minister Najib Razak launched a 'Negaraku' initiative to instill a sense of love for the country. It was used alongside the 1Malaysia concept, which also became Negaraku 1Malaysia concept and logo. The word 'Negaraku' was also used in greetings by the politicians from that coalition on official occasions such as the National Day parade. After Pakatan Harapan took control of the government in May 2018, both the initiative and the concept were abolished.
See also
* Bangsa Malaysia
The ''Bangsa Malaysia'' ( en, Malaysian nation) policy was introduced by Mahathir Mohamad, then Prime Minister of Malaysia, to create an inclusive national identity for all inhabitants of Malaysia, thus abandoning the National Culture Policy tha ...
* Malaysian Malaysia
The phrase "Malaysian Malaysia" was originally used in the mid-1960s as the rallying motto of the Malaysian Solidarity Convention, a coalition of political parties led by Lee Kuan Yew of the People's Action Party (PAP) that served as an Opposit ...
* 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal
References
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:1Malaysia
2009 in Malaysia
Public policy in Malaysia
Malaysian brands
Malaysian political slogans
Society of Malaysia
Social history of Malaysia