1154 Year 1154 ( MCLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Levant * April 18 – Nur al-Din, Seljuk ruler (''atabeg'') of Aleppo, encamps before Damascus ...

Henry II of England Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (french: link=no, Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress, or Henry Plantagenet, was King of England from 1154 until his death in 1189, and as such, was the first Angevin king ...

Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an historic, mainly Gothic church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the United ...

1187 Year 1187 ( MCLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Spring – Emperor Isaac II (Angelos) sends a Byzantine expeditionary ...

1490 Year 1490 ( MCDXC) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 4 – Anne of Brittany announces that all those who ally themselves with the ...

Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519) was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death. He was never crowned by the pope, as the journey to Rome was blocked by the Venetians. He proclaimed himself El ...

proxy Proxy may refer to: * Proxy or agent (law), a substitute authorized to act for another entity or a document which authorizes the agent so to act * Proxy (climate), a measured variable used to infer the value of a variable of interest in climate re ...

1562 __NOTOC__ Year 1562 ( MDLXII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 6 – Shane O'Neill of Tír Eoghain pleads his cause at the Palac ...

Battle of Dreux The Battle of Dreux was fought on 19 December 1562 between Catholics and Huguenots. The Catholics were led by Anne de Montmorency while Louis I, Prince of Condé, led the Huguenots. Though commanders from both sides were captured, the French Cat ...

French Wars of Religion The French Wars of Religion is the term which is used in reference to a period of civil war between French Catholic Church, Catholics and Protestantism, Protestants, commonly called Huguenots, which lasted from 1562 to 1598. According to estim ...

1606 Events January–June * January 24 – Gunpowder Plot: The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators, for plotting against Parliament and James I of England, begins. * January 29 – Pedro Fernandes de Queirós discovers the Pi ...

Jamestown, Virginia The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the northeast bank of the James (Powhatan) River about southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg. It was ...

thirteen colonies The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies, the Thirteen American Colonies, or later as the United Colonies, were a group of Kingdom of Great Britain, British Colony, colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. Fo ...

1675 Events January–March * January 5 – Franco-Dutch War – Battle of Turckheim: The French defeat Austria and Brandenburg. * January 29 – John Sassamon, an English-educated Native Americans in the United States, Nati ...

King Philip's War King Philip's War (sometimes called the First Indian War, Metacom's War, Metacomet's War, Pometacomet's Rebellion, or Metacom's Rebellion) was an armed conflict in 1675–1676 between indigenous inhabitants of New England and New England coloni ...

1776 Events January–February * January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces. * January 1 ...

Thomas Paine Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain; – In the contemporary record as noted by Conway, Paine's birth date is given as January 29, 1736–37. Common practice was to use a dash or a slash to separate the old-style year from the new-style year. In th ...

The American Crisis ''The American Crisis'', or simply ''The Crisis'', is a pamphlet series by eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosopher and author Thomas Paine, originally published from 1776 to 1783 during the American Revolution. Thirteen numbered pamphlets w ...

1777 Events January–March * January 2 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of the Assunpink Creek: American general George Washington's army repulses a British attack by Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, in a second ...

American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...

George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of th ...

Continental Army The Continental Army was the army of the United Colonies (the Thirteen Colonies) in the Revolutionary-era United States. It was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, and was establis ...

1783 Events January–March * January 20 – At Versailles, Great Britain signs preliminary peace treaties with the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain. * January 23 – The Confederation Congress ratifies two October 8, ...

William Pitt the Younger William Pitt the Younger (28 May 175923 January 1806) was a British statesman, the youngest and last prime minister of Great Britain (before the Acts of Union 1800) and then first prime minister of the United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Ire ...

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern pr ...

1796 Events January–March * January 16 – The first Dutch (and general) elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic. (The next Dutch general elections are held in 1888.) * February 1 – The capital ...

French Revolutionary Wars The French Revolutionary Wars (french: Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution. They pitted French First Republic, France against Ki ...

Horatio Nelson Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, 1st Duke of Bronte (29 September 1758 – 21 October 1805) was a British flag officer in the Royal Navy. His inspirational leadership, grasp of strategy, and unconventional tactics brought abo ...

1828 Events January–March * January 4 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac succeeds the Comte de Villèle, as Prime Minister of France. * January 8 – The Democratic Party of the United States is organized. * January 22 – Arthu ...

Vice President of the United States The vice president of the United States (VPOTUS) is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, after the president of the United States, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. The vice ...

John C. Calhoun John Caldwell Calhoun (; March 18, 1782March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina who held many important positions including being the seventh vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832. He ...

South Carolina Exposition and Protest The South Carolina Exposition and Protest, also known as Calhoun's Exposition, was written in December 1828 by John C. Calhoun, then Vice President of the United States under John Quincy Adams and later under Andrew Jackson. Calhoun did not formal ...

Tariff of 1828 The Tariff of 1828 was a very high protective tariff that became law in the United States in May 1828. It was a bill designed to not pass Congress because it was seen by free trade supporters as hurting both industry and farming, but surprising ...

1900 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15), 2 ...

Hopetoun Blunder The Hopetoun Blunder was a political event immediately prior to the Federation of the British colonies in Australia. Federation was scheduled to occur on 1 January 1901, but since the general election for the first Parliament of Australia was ...

Governor-General of Australia The governor-general of Australia is the representative of the monarch, currently King Charles III, in Australia.John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun, appoints Sir

William Lyne Sir William John Lyne KCMG (6 April 1844 – 3 August 1913) was an Australian politician who served as Premier of New South Wales from 1899 to 1901, and later as a federal cabinet minister under Edmund Barton and Alfred Deakin. He is best known ...

premier of the new state of

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

, but he is unable to persuade other colonial politicians to join his government and is forced to resign. *

1900 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15), 2 ...

– French parliament votes amnesty for all involved in scandalous army treason trial known as

Dreyfus affair The Dreyfus affair (french: affaire Dreyfus, ) was a political scandal that divided the French Third Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906. "L'Affaire", as it is known in French, has come to symbolise modern injustice in the Francop ...

.

1901–present

*

1907 Events January * January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: A 6.5 Mw earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica, kills between 800 and 1,000. February * February 11 – The French warship ''Jean Bart'' sinks off the coast of Morocco. ...

– Two hundred thirty-nine coal miners die in the

Darr Mine Disaster The Darr Mine disaster at Van Meter, Rostraver Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, Rostraver Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, near Smithton, Pennsylvania, Smithton, killed 239 men and boys on December 19, 1907. It ranks a ...

in Jacobs Creek, Pennsylvania. *

1912 Events January * January 1 – The Republic of China (1912–49), Republic of China is established. * January 5 – The Prague Conference (6th All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party) opens. * January 6 ...

– William Van Schaick, captain of the

steamship A steamship, often referred to as a steamer, is a type of steam-powered vessel, typically ocean-faring and seaworthy, that is propelled by one or more steam engines that typically move (turn) propellers or paddlewheels. The first steamships ...

which caught fire and killed over one thousand people, is pardoned by U.S. President

William Howard Taft William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857March 8, 1930) was the 27th president of the United States (1909–1913) and the tenth chief justice of the United States (1921–1930), the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected pr ...

after years in

Sing Sing Sing Sing Correctional Facility, formerly Ossining Correctional Facility, is a maximum-security prison operated by the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision in the village of Ossining, New York. It is about north of ...

prison. *

1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ma ...

–

King Constantine I Constantine I ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Αʹ, ''Konstantínos I''; – 11 January 1923) was King of Greece from 18 March 1913 to 11 June 1917 and from 19 December 1920 to 27 September 1922. He was commander-in-chief of the Hellenic Army ...

is restored as

King of the Hellenes The Kingdom of Greece was ruled by the House of Wittelsbach between 1832 and 1862 and by the House of Glücksburg from 1863 to 1924, temporarily abolished during the Second Hellenic Republic, and from 1935 to 1973, when it was once more abolishe ...

after the death of his son Alexander of Greece and a

plebiscite A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...

. *

1924 Events January * January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after. * January 20– 30 – Kuomintang in China hol ...

– The last Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost is sold in London, England. * 1924 – German serial killer

Fritz Haarmann Friedrich Heinrich Karl "Fritz" Haarmann (25 October 1879 – 15 April 1925) was a German serial killer, known as the Butcher of Hanover, the Vampire of Hanover and the Wolf Man, who committed the sexual assault, murder, mutilation and dismember ...

is sentenced to death for a series of murders. *

1927 Events January * January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith becomes the first Director-General. * January 7 * ...

– Three Indian revolutionaries, Ram Prasad Bismil,

Roshan Singh Thakur Roshan Singh (22 January 1892 — 19 December 1927) was an Indian revolutionary, born in the village of Nabada in Shahjahanpur district, Uttar Pradesh in A kshatriya Rajput family, who was sentenced in the Bareilly shooting case during ...

and

Ashfaqulla Khan Ashfaqulla Khan (22 October 1900 – 19 December 1927) was an Indian independence activist in the Indian independence movement and co-founder of the Hindustan Republican Association. Early life Khan was born in the Shahjahanpur district of th ...

, are executed by the

British Raj The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent; * * it is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or Direct rule in India, * Quote: "Mill, who was himsel ...

for participation in the Kakori conspiracy. *

1929 This year marked the end of a period known in American history as the Roaring Twenties after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 ushered in a worldwide Great Depression. In the Americas, an agreement was brokered to end the Cristero War, a Catholic ...

– The

Indian National Congress The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party but often simply the Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Em ...

promulgates the Purna Swaraj (the Declaration of the Independence of India). *

1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...

–

BBC World Service The BBC World Service is an international broadcasting, international broadcaster owned and operated by the BBC, with funding from the Government of the United Kingdom, British Government through the Foreign Secretary, Foreign Secretary's o ...

begins broadcasting as the BBC Empire Service. *

1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *January ...

– Risto Ryti, the

Prime Minister of Finland The prime minister of Finland ( fi, Suomen pääministeri; ) is the leader of the Finnish Government. The prime minister and their cabinet exercise executive authority in the state. The prime minister is formally ranked third in the protocol ...

, is elected

President of the Republic of Finland The president of the Republic of Finland ( fi, Suomen tasavallan presidentti; sv, Republiken Finlands president) is the head of state of Finland. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the Finnish Government and the p ...

in a

presidential election A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President. Elections by country Albania The president of Albania is elected by the Assembly of Albania who are elected by the Albanian public. Chile The pre ...

, which is exceptionally held by the 1937 electoral college. *

1941 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Eu ...

–

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

:

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...

appoints himself as head of the '' Oberkommando des Heeres''. * 1941 – World War II:

Limpet mine A limpet mine is a type of naval mine attached to a target by magnets. It is so named because of its superficial similarity to the shape of the limpet, a type of sea snail that clings tightly to rocks or other hard surfaces. A swimmer or diver m ...

s placed by Italian divers heavily damage and in

Alexandria harbour The Port of Alexandria is on the West Verge of the Nile Delta between the Mediterranean Sea and Mariut Lake in Alexandria, Egypt, and is considered the second most important city and the main port in Egypt. Alexandria port consists of two harbours ...

. *

1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...

–

John Amery John Amery (14 March 1912 – 19 December 1945) was a British fascist and Nazi collaborator during World War II. He was the originator of the British Free Corps, a volunteer Waffen-SS unit composed of former British and Dominion prisoners-o ...

, British

Fascist Fascism is a far-right, Authoritarianism, authoritarian, ultranationalism, ultra-nationalist political Political ideology, ideology and Political movement, movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and pol ...

, is executed at the age of 33 by the British Government for treason. *

1946 Events January * January 6 - The 1946 North Vietnamese parliamentary election, first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into f ...

– Start of the First Indochina War. *

1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim ...

– Irish-born physician

John Bodkin Adams John Bodkin Adams (21 January 18994 July 1983) was an Irish-born British general practitioner, convicted fraudster, and suspected serial killer. Between 1946 and 1956, 163 of his patients died while in comas, which was deemed to be worthy of i ...

is arrested in connection with the suspicious deaths of more than 160 patients. Eventually he is convicted only of minor charges. *

1961 Events January * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba ( Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 ...

– India

annexes Annexation (Latin ''ad'', to, and ''nexus'', joining), in international law, is the forcible acquisition of one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. It is generally held to be an illegal act ...

Daman and Diu, part of

Portuguese India The State of India ( pt, Estado da Índia), also referred as the Portuguese State of India (''Estado Português da Índia'', EPI) or simply Portuguese India (), was a state of the Portuguese Empire founded six years after the discovery of a se ...

. *

1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...

–

Harold Holt Harold Edward Holt (5 August 190817 December 1967) was an Australian politician who served as the 17th prime minister of Australia from 1966 until his presumed death in 1967. He held office as leader of the Liberal Party. Holt was born in S ...

, the

Prime Minister of Australia The prime minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia. The prime minister heads the executive branch of the Australian Government, federal government of Australia and is also accountable to Parliament of A ...

, is officially presumed dead. *

1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, me ...

– Apollo program: The last crewed lunar flight,

Apollo 17 Apollo 17 (December 7–19, 1972) was the final mission of NASA's Apollo program, the most recent time humans have set foot on the Moon or traveled beyond low Earth orbit. Commander Gene Cernan and Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt walked on ...

, carrying Eugene Cernan, Ronald Evans, and Harrison Schmitt, returns to

Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. While large volumes of water can be found throughout the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water. About 71% of Earth's surfa ...

. *

1974 Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; f ...

–

Nelson Rockefeller Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979), sometimes referred to by his nickname Rocky, was an American businessman and politician who served as the 41st vice president of the United States from 1974 to 1977. A member of t ...

is sworn in as

Vice President of the United States The vice president of the United States (VPOTUS) is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, after the president of the United States, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. The vice ...

under President

Gerald Ford Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. ( ; born Leslie Lynch King Jr.; July 14, 1913December 26, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 38th president of the United States from 1974 to 1977. He was the only president never to have been elected ...

under the provisions of the

25th Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twenty-fifth Amendment (Amendment XXV) to the United States Constitution deals with President of the United States, presidential succession and disability. It clarifies that the Vice President of the United States, vice president becomes Pr ...

. *

1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democratic R ...

– The 5.8 Bob–Tangol earthquake strikes Kerman Province in Iran, destroying villages and killing 665 people. *

1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensiv ...

– Sixteen lives are lost when the Penlee lifeboat goes to the aid of the stricken coaster Union Star in heavy seas. *

1983 The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to Internet protocol suite, TCP/IP is officially completed (this is consid ...

– The original

FIFA World Cup The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the ' ( FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament ha ...

trophy, the Jules Rimet Trophy, is stolen from the headquarters of the

Brazilian Football Confederation The Brazilian Football Confederation ( pt, Confederação Brasileira de Futebol; CBF) is the governing body of football in Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country ...

in

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...

, Brazil. *

1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...

– The Sino-British Joint Declaration, stating that China would resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and the United Kingdom would restore Hong Kong to China with effect from July 1, 1997, is signed in Beijing by

Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese revolutionary leader, military commander and statesman who served as the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from December 1978 to November 1989. After CC ...

and

Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. S ...

. *

1986 The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. **Spain and Portugal ente ...

–

Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician who served as the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to dissolution of the Soviet Union, the country's dissolution in 1991. He served a ...

, leader of the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

, releases Andrei Sakharov and his wife from

exile Exile is primarily penal expulsion from one's native country, and secondarily expatriation or prolonged absence from one's homeland under either the compulsion of circumstance or the rigors of some high purpose. Usually persons and peoples suf ...

in Gorky. *

1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phil ...

– Joe Cole, American roadie and author, is killed in an armed robbery *

1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is O. J. Simpson murder case, acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the 1994, year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The ...

– The United States Government restores federal recognition to the

Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi The Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi (NHBP) is a federally-recognized tribe of Potawatomi in the United States. The tribe achieved federal recognition on December 19, 1995, and currently has approximately 1500 members. The Pine Creek India ...

Native American tribe. *

1997 File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic'', the highest-grossing movie in history at the time; ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of t ...

–

SilkAir Flight 185 SilkAir Flight 185 was a scheduled international passenger flight operated by a Boeing 737-300 from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, Indonesia to Changi Airport in Singapore that crashed into the Musi River near Palembang, Su ...

crashes into the

Musi River Musi may refer to: * Musi River (Indonesia) * Musi River (India), Telangana * Moosy River, Andhra Pradesh, India * Musi language, a Malay language spoken in Indonesia * Angelo Musi (1918–2009), American basketball player * Agostino de' Musi, real ...

, near

Palembang Palembang () is the capital city of the Indonesian province of South Sumatra. The city proper covers on both banks of the Musi River on the eastern lowland of southern Sumatra. It had a population of 1,668,848 at the 2020 Census. Palembang ...

in

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

, killing 104. *

1998 1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The '' Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently ...

– President

Bill Clinton William Jefferson Clinton ( né Blythe III; born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He previously served as governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and agai ...

is

impeached Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct. It may be understood as a unique process involving both political and legal elements. In ...

by the

United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the Lower house, lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the United States Senate, Senate being ...

, becoming the second President of the United States to be

impeached Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct. It may be understood as a unique process involving both political and legal elements. In ...

. *

2000 File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...

– The Leninist Guerrilla Units wing of the Communist Labour Party of Turkey/Leninist attack a

Nationalist Movement Party The Nationalist Movement Party (alternatively translated as Nationalist Action Party; tr, Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, MHP) is a Turkish far-right and ultranationalist political party. The group is often described as neo-fascist, and has been ...

office in

Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...

,

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

, killing one person and injuring three. *

2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which Casualties of the September 11 attacks, killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a Participants in ...

– A record high

barometric pressure Atmospheric pressure, also known as barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth. The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as , which is equivalent to 1013.25 millibars, 7 ...

of is recorded at

Tosontsengel, Khövsgöl Tosontsengel ( mn, Тосонцэнгэл) is a sum of Khövsgöl aimag. The area is 2,050 km2, of which 1,800 km2 are pasture and 11 km2 are farmland. In 2000, Tosontsengel had a population of 4,161 people, including some Khotgoid ...

,

Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...

. * 2001 – Argentine economic crisis: December riots: Riots erupt in

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...

,

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

. *

2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...

–

Park Geun-hye Park Geun-hye (; ; often in English ; born 2 February 1952) is a South Korean politician who served as the 11th president of South Korea from 2013 to 2017, until she was impeached and convicted on related corruption charges. Park was the fi ...

is elected the first female

president of South Korea The president of the Republic of Korea (), also known as the president of South Korea (often abbreviated to POTROK or POSK; ), is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Korea. The president leads the State Council, and is ...

. *

2013 File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fact ...

– Spacecraft ''

Gaia In Greek mythology, Gaia (; from Ancient Greek , a poetical form of , 'land' or 'earth'),, , . also spelled Gaea , is the personification of the Earth and one of the Greek primordial deities. Gaia is the ancestral mother—sometimes parthenog ...

'' is launched by

European Space Agency , owners = , headquarters = Paris, Île-de-France, France , coordinates = , spaceport = Guiana Space Centre , seal = File:ESA emblem seal.png , seal_size = 130px , image = Views in the Main Control Room (1205 ...

. *

2016 File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...

– Russian ambassador to Turkey Andrei Karlov is

assassinated Assassination is the murder of a prominent or important person, such as a head of state, head of government, politician, world leader, member of a royal family or CEO. The murder of a celebrity, activist, or artist, though they may not have a ...

while at an art exhibition in

Ankara Ankara ( , ; ), historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and over 5.7 million in Ankara Province, maki ...

. The assassin, Mevlüt Mert Altıntaş, is shot and killed by a Turkish guard. * 2016 – A vehicular attack in Berlin, Germany, kills and injures multiple people at a Christmas market.

Births

Pre-1600

*

1343 Year 1343 ( MCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 14 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last bishop of Prague and, ...

–

William I, Margrave of Meissen William I, the one-eyed, (19 December 1343, Dresden – 9 February 1407, Schloss Grimma) was Margrave of Meissen. His nickname is related to the legend that Saint Benno appeared to him because of his disputes with the Church in a dream and h ...

(d. 1407) *

1498 Year 1498 (Roman numerals, MCDXCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1498th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 498th year of the 2nd mill ...

– Andreas Osiander, German Protestant theologian (d. 1552) *1554 – Philip William, Prince of Orange (d. 1618) *1587 – Dorothea Sophia, Abbess of Quedlinburg (d. 1645)

1601–1900

*1683 – Philip V of Spain (d. 1746) *1699 – William Bowyer (printer), William Bowyer, English printer (d. 1777) *1714 – John Winthrop (educator), John Winthrop, American astronomer and educator (d. 1779) *1778 – Marie Thérèse of France (d. 1851) *

1796 Events January–March * January 16 – The first Dutch (and general) elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic. (The next Dutch general elections are held in 1888.) * February 1 – The capital ...

– Manuel Bretón de los Herreros, Spanish poet, playwright, and critic (d. 1873) *1797 – Antoine Louis Dugès, French obstetrician and naturalist (d. 1838) *1817 – James J. Archer, American lawyer and general (d. 1864) *1820 – Mary Livermore, American journalist and activist (d. 1905) *1825 – George Frederick Bristow, American violinist and composer (d. 1898) *1831 – Bernice Pauahi Bishop, American philanthropist (d. 1884) *1849 – Henry Clay Frick, American businessman and financier (d. 1919) *1852 – Albert Abraham Michelson, Prussian-American physicist, chemist, and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1931) *1853 – Charles Fitzpatrick, Canadian lawyer and politician, 12th List of lieutenant governors of Quebec, Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec (d. 1942) *1861 – Italo Svevo, Italian author and playwright (d. 1928) *1863 – Wallace Bryant (archer), Wallace Bryant, American archer (d. 1953) *1865 – Minnie Maddern Fiske, American actress and playwright (d. 1932) *1873 – Alphonse Kirchhoffer, French fencer (d. 1913) *1875 – Mileva Marić, Serbian physicist (d. 1948) * 1875 – Carter G. Woodson, American historian and author, founded Black History Month (d. 1950) * 1875 – Grace Marie Bareis, American mathematician (d. 1962) *1876 – Bernard Friedberg, Austrian-Israeli scholar and author (d. 1961) *1884 – Antonín Zápotocký, Czech politician, List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia, President of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (d. 1957) *1888 – Fritz Reiner, Hungarian-American conductor (d. 1963) *1891 – Edward Bernard Raczyński, Polish politician and diplomat, 4th Polish government-in-exile#Presidents, President-in-exile of Poland (d. 1993) *1894 – Ford Frick, American journalist and businessman (d. 1978) *1895 – Ingeborg Refling Hagen, Norwegian author and educator (d. 1989) *1899 – Martin Luther King Sr., American pastor, missionary, and activist (d. 1984)

1901–present

*1901 – Rudolf Hell, German engineer, invented the Hellschreiber (d. 2002) * 1901 – Oliver La Farge, American anthropologist and author (d. 1963) * 1901 – Fritz Mauruschat, German footballer and manager (d. 1974) *1902 – Ralph Richardson, English actor (d. 1983) *1903 – George Davis Snell, American geneticist and immunologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996) *1905 – Irving Kahn, American businessman (d. 2015) * 1905 – Giovanni Lurani, Italian race car driver, engineer, and journalist (d. 1995) *1906 – Leonid Brezhnev, Ukrainian-Russian marshal, engineer, and politician, 4th List of heads of state of the Soviet Union, Head of State of the Soviet Union (d. 1982) *

1907 Events January * January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: A 6.5 Mw earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica, kills between 800 and 1,000. February * February 11 – The French warship ''Jean Bart'' sinks off the coast of Morocco. ...

– Jimmy McLarnin, Irish-American boxer, actor, and golfer (d. 2004) *1909 – W. A. Criswell, American pastor and author (d. 2002) *1910 – Jean Genet, French novelist, playwright, and poet (d. 1986) *1914 – Mel Shaw, American animator and screenwriter (d. 2012) *1915 – Édith Piaf, French singer-songwriter and actress (d. 1963) * 1915 – Claudia Testoni, Italian hurdler, sprinter, and long jumper (d. 1998) *1916 – Roy Ward Baker, English director and producer (d. 2010) * 1916 – Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, German political scientist, journalist, and academic (d. 2010) *1918 – Professor Longhair, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1980) * 1918 – Lee Rich, American producer and production manager (d. 2012) *

1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ma ...

– Little Jimmy Dickens, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2015) * 1920 – David Susskind, American talk show host and producer (d. 1987) *1922 – Eamonn Andrews, Irish radio and television host (d. 1987) *1923 – Robert V. Bruce, American historian and author (d. 2008) * 1923 – Gordon Jackson (actor), Gordon Jackson, Scottish-English actor and singer (d. 1990) *

1924 Events January * January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after. * January 20– 30 – Kuomintang in China hol ...

– Carlo Chiti, Italian engineer (d. 1994) * 1924 – Doug Harvey (ice hockey), Doug Harvey, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1989) * 1924 – Gary Morton, American comedian and producer (d. 1999) * 1924 – Edmund Purdom, British-Italian actor (d. 2009) * 1924 – Michel Tournier, French journalist and author (d. 2016) * 1924 – Cicely Tyson, American actress (d. 2021) *1925 – Tankred Dorst, German author and playwright (d. 2017) * 1925 – William Schutz, American psychologist and academic (d. 2002) * 1925 – Robert B. Sherman, American songwriter and screenwriter (d. 2012) *1926 – Bobby Layne, American football player and coach (d. 1986) * 1926 – Fikret Otyam, Turkish painter and journalist (d. 2015) *

1927 Events January * January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith becomes the first Director-General. * January 7 * ...

– James Booth, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2005) *1928 – Eve Bunting, Irish-American author and academic * 1928 – Nathan Oliveira, American painter and sculptor (d. 2010) *

1929 This year marked the end of a period known in American history as the Roaring Twenties after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 ushered in a worldwide Great Depression. In the Americas, an agreement was brokered to end the Cristero War, a Catholic ...

– Bob Brookmeyer, American trombonist, pianist, and composer (d. 2011) * 1929 – David Douglas, 12th Marquess of Queensberry, Scottish potter * 1929 – Gregory Carroll (R&B singer), Gregory Carroll, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2013) * 1929 – Howard Sackler, American playwright and screenwriter (d. 1982) *1930 – Wally Olins, English businessman and academic (d. 2014) * 1930 – Knut Helle, Norwegian historian and professor (d. 2015) *1931 – Ginger Stanley, American model, actress and stunt woman *

1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...

– Salvador Elizondo, Mexican author, poet, playwright, and critic (d. 2006) * 1932 – Lola Hendricks, African American civil rights activist (d. 2013) * 1932 – Wayne Tippit, American actor (d. 2009) *1933 – Kevan Gosper, Australian runner and politician * 1933 – Christopher Smout, Scottish historian and academic *1934 – Al Kaline, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2020) * 1934 – Pratibha Patil, Indian lawyer and politician, 12th President of India * 1934 – Casper R. Taylor, Jr., American lawyer and politician *1935 – Bobby Timmons, American pianist and composer (d. 1974) * 1935 – Joanne Weaver, American baseball player (d. 2000) * 1935 – Tony Taylor (baseball), Tony Taylor, Cuban baseball player (d. 2020) *

1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *January ...

– Phil Ochs, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1976) *

1941 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Eu ...

– Lee Myung-bak, South Korean businessman and politician, 10th President of South Korea * 1941 – Maurice White, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2016) *1942 – Cornell Dupree, American guitarist (d. 2011) * 1942 – Gene Okerlund, "Mean Gene" Okerlund, American sports announcer (d. 2019) *1943 – Ross M. Lence, American political scientist and academic (d. 2006) * 1943 – James L. Jones, American general and politician, 22nd National Security Advisor (United States), United States National Security Advisor *1944 – William Christie (musician), William Christie, American-French harpsichord player and conductor * 1944 – Mitchell Feigenbaum, American physicist and mathematician (d. 2019) * 1944 – Martin Hume Johnson, English physiologist and academic * 1944 – Richard Leakey, Kenyan paleontologist and politician (d. 2022) * 1944 – Alvin Lee, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2013) * 1944 – Tim Reid, American actor and director * 1944 – Steve Tyrell, American singer-songwriter and producer * 1944 – Zal Yanovsky, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2002) *

1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...

– Elaine Joyce, American actress, singer, and dancer * 1945 – John McEuen, American singer-songwriter and guitarist *

1946 Events January * January 6 - The 1946 North Vietnamese parliamentary election, first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into f ...

– Rosemary Conley, English businesswoman, author, and broadcaster * 1946 – Robert Urich, American actor and producer (d. 2002) *1947 – Jimmy Bain, Scottish bass player and songwriter (d. 2016) *1948 – Ken Brown (ice hockey), Ken Brown, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster (d. 2022) *1949 – Orna Berry, Israeli computer scientist and businesswoman * 1949 – Claudia Kolb, American swimmer * 1949 – Sebastian (singer), Sebastian, Danish singer-songwriter and guitarist *1950 – Eleanor J. Hill, American lawyer and diplomat *1951 – Mohammad Reza Aref, Iranian engineer and politician, 2nd Vice President of Iran * 1951 – Alan Rouse, English mountaineer and author (d. 1986) *1952 – Walter Murphy, American pianist and composer *1954 – Jeff Allam, English race car driver * 1954 – Tim Parks, English author and translator *1955 – Lincoln Hall (climber), Lincoln Hall, Australian mountaineer and author (d. 2012) * 1955 – Rob Portman, American lawyer and politician *

1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim ...

– Phil Harris (fisherman), Phil Harris, American captain and fisherman (d. 2010) * 1956 – Tom Lawless, American baseball player and manager * 1956 – Shane McEntee (politician), Shane McEntee, Irish farmer and politician, Minister of State at the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (d. 2012) *1957 – Cyril Collard, French actor, director, and composer (d. 1993) * 1957 – Kevin McHale (basketball), Kevin McHale, American basketball player, coach, and manager *1958 – Steven Isserlis, English cellist and author * 1958 – Limahl, English pop singer *1959 – Iván Vallejo, Ecuadorian mountaineer * 1959 – Lisa Wilkinson, Australian television host and journalist *1960 – Derrick Jensen, American author and activist * 1960 – Michelangelo Signorile, American journalist and author *

1961 Events January * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba ( Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 ...

– Eric Allin Cornell, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate * 1961 – Matthew Waterhouse, English actor and author * 1961 – Reggie White, American football player and wrestler (d. 2004) *1962 – Gary Fleder, American director, producer, and screenwriter *1963 – Jennifer Beals, American model and actress * 1963 – Til Schweiger, German actor, director, and producer *1964 – Béatrice Dalle, French actress * 1964 – Lorie Kane, Canadian golfer * 1964 – Randall McDaniel, American football player * 1964 – Arvydas Sabonis, Lithuanian basketball player *1965 – Chito Martínez, Belizean-American baseball player *1966 – Chuckii Booker, American singer-songwriter and producer * 1966 – Rajesh Chauhan, Indian cricketer * 1966 – Alberto Tomba, Italian skier * 1966 – Eric Weinrich, American ice hockey player and coach *

1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...

– Criss Angel, American magician * 1967 – Charles Austin, American high jumper *1968 – Kristina Keneally, American-Australian politician, 42nd Premier of New South Wales * 1968 – Ken Marino, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter *1969 – Michael Bates (American football), Michael Bates, American sprinter and football player * 1969 – Tom Gugliotta, American basketball player * 1969 – Richard Hammond, English journalist and producer * 1969 – Nayan Mongia, Indian cricketer * 1969 – Aziza Mustafa Zadeh, Azerbaijani composer, pianist, and singer *1970 – Tyson Beckford, American model and actor *1971 – Karen Pickering, English swimmer * 1971 – Amy Locane, American television and film actress *

1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, me ...

– Alyssa Milano, American actress and television personality * 1972 – Warren Sapp, American football player and analyst *1973 – Michalis Grigoriou, Greek footballer and coach * 1973 – Erick Wainaina, Kenyan runner * 1973 – Zulfiya Zabirova, Russian cyclist *

1974 Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; f ...

– Eduard Ivakdalam, Indonesian footballer * 1974 – Joe Jurevicius, American football player * 1974 – Felipe López (basketball), Felipe Lopez, Dominican-American basketball player * 1974 – Jake Plummer, American football player and sportscaster * 1974 – Ricky Ponting, Australian cricketer and sportscaster *1975 – Makis Belevonis, Greek footballer * 1975 – Brandon Sanderson, American author and academic * 1975 – Jeremy Soule, Canadian composer * 1975 – Olivier Tébily, Ivorian-French footballer * 1975 – Dean Treister, Australian rugby league player *

1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democratic R ...

– Jorge Garbajosa, Spanish basketball player * 1977 – LaTasha Jenkins, American sprinter * 1977 – Irina Voronina, Russian model *1978 – Patrick Casey (writer), Patrick Casey, American actor, producer, and screenwriter *1979 – Kevin Devine, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1979 – Rafael Soriano, Dominican baseball player *1980 – Jake Gyllenhaal, American actor and producer * 1980 – Marla Sokoloff, American actress and musician *

1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensiv ...

– Grégory Dufer, Belgian footballer *1982 – Mo Williams, American basketball player *

1983 The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to Internet protocol suite, TCP/IP is officially completed (this is consid ...

– Nektarios Alexandrou, Cypriot footballer * 1983 – Casey Crescenzo, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1983 – Bridget Phillipson, English politician * 1983 – Laura Pomeroy, Canadian swimmer * 1983 – Matt Stajan, Canadian ice hockey player *

1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...

– Ian Kennedy, American baseball player *1985 – Gary Cahill, English footballer * 1985 – Andrea Baldini, Italian fencer * 1985 – Neil Kilkenny, English-Australian footballer * 1985 – Sally Kipyego, Kenyan runner * 1985 – Dan Logan, English bass player * 1985 – Lady Sovereign, English rapper *

1986 The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. **Spain and Portugal ente ...

– Calvin Andrew, English footballer * 1986 – Ryan Babel, Dutch footballer * 1986 – Ingrid Burley, American rapper and songwriter * 1986 – Lazaros Christodoulopoulos, Greek footballer * 1986 – Zuzana Hejnová, Czech hurdler * 1986 – Miguel Lopes, Portuguese footballer *1987 – Cédric Baseya, French-Congolese footballer * 1987 – Karim Benzema, French footballer * 1987 – Ronan Farrow, American activist, journalist, and lawyer *1988 – Alexis Sánchez, Chilean footballer * 1988 – Peter Winn (footballer), Peter Winn, English footballer * 1988 – Casey Burgess, Australian television personality *1989 – Yong Jun-hyung, South Korean singer-songwriter, rapper and producer * 1989 – Michał Masłowski, Polish footballer * 1989 – Kousei Miura, Japanese jockey * 1989 – Hamza Riazuddin, English cricketer *1990 – Torrey Craig, American basketball player * 1990 – Greg Bretz, American snowboarder *

1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phil ...

– Steven Berghuis, Dutch footballer * 1991 – Declan Galbraith, English singer-songwriter * 1991 – Sumire Uesaka, Japanese voice actress and singer *1992 – Iker Muniain, Spanish footballer * 1992 – Raphael Spiegel, Swiss footballer *1993 – Isiah Koech, Kenyan runner * 1993 – Young K, South Korean singer-songwriter *1994 – Maudy Ayunda, Indonesian actress and singer-songwriter * 1994 – M'Baye Niang, French footballer * 1994 – Colin Sinclair (tennis), Colin Sinclair, North Mariana Islander tennis player *1996 – Franck Kessié, Ivorian footballer *

2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which Casualties of the September 11 attacks, killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a Participants in ...

– Nicolas Checa, American chess player

Deaths

Pre-1600

* 401 – Pope Anastasius I * 966 – Sancho I of León, Sancho I, king of Kingdom of León, León *1091 – Adelaide of Susa, margravine of Turin *1111 – Al-Ghazali, Persian jurist, philosopher, theologian, and mystic (b. 1058) *1123 – Saint Berardo, Italian bishop and saint *1327 – Agnes of France, Duchess of Burgundy (b. 1260) *1370 – Pope Urban V (b. 1310) *1442 – Elizabeth of Luxembourg (b. 1409) *1385 – Bernabò Visconti, Lord of Milan (b. 1319) *1558 – Cornelius Grapheus, Flemish writer (b. 1482)

1601–1900

*1637 – Christina of Lorraine, Grand Duchess consort of Tuscany (b. 1565) *1741 – Vitus Bering, Dutch explorer (b. 1681) *1745 – Jean-Baptiste van Loo, French painter (b. 1684) *1749 – Francesco Antonio Bonporti, Italian priest and composer (b. 1672) *1807 – Friedrich Melchior, Baron von Grimm, German-French author and playwright (b. 1723) *1813 – James McGill, Scottish-Canadian businessman and philanthropist, founded McGill University (b. 1744) *1819 – Thomas Fremantle (Royal Navy officer), Thomas Fremantle, English admiral and politician (b. 1765) *1848 – Emily Brontë, English novelist and poet (b. 1818) *1851 – Joseph Mallord William Turner, English painter (b. 1775) *1878 – Bayard Taylor, American author and poet (b. 1825) *1899 – Henry Ware Lawton, American general (b. 1843)

1901–present

*1915 – Alois Alzheimer, German psychiatrist and neuropathologist (b. 1864) *1916 – Thibaw Min, Burmese king (b. 1859) *

1927 Events January * January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith becomes the first Director-General. * January 7 * ...

–

Ashfaqulla Khan Ashfaqulla Khan (22 October 1900 – 19 December 1927) was an Indian independence activist in the Indian independence movement and co-founder of the Hindustan Republican Association. Early life Khan was born in the Shahjahanpur district of th ...

, Indian activist (b. 1900) * 1927 – Ram Prasad Bismil, Indian poet and activist (b. 1897) *

1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...

– Yun Bong-gil, South Korean activist (b. 1908) *1933 – George Jackson Churchward, English engineer and businessman (b. 1857) *1938 – Stephen Warfield Gambrill, American lawyer and politician (b. 1873) *

1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *January ...

– Kyösti Kallio, Finnish politician, the 4th President of Finland (b. 1873) *1944 – Abbas II of Egypt (b. 1874) * 1944 – Rudolph Karstadt, German businessman (b. 1856) *

1946 Events January * January 6 - The 1946 North Vietnamese parliamentary election, first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into f ...

– Paul Langevin, French physicist and academic (b. 1872) *1953 – Robert Andrews Millikan, American physicist and eugenicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1868) *1968 – Norman Thomas, American minister and politician (b. 1884) *

1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, me ...

– Ahmet Emin Yalman, Turkish journalist, author, and academic (b. 1888) *1976 – Giuseppe Caselli, Italian painter (b. 1893) *1982 – Dwight Macdonald, American philosopher, author, and critic (b. 1906) *

1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...

– Joy Ridderhof, American missionary (b. 1903) *

1986 The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. **Spain and Portugal ente ...

– V. C. Andrews, American author (b. 1923) * 1986 – Werner Dankwort, Russian-German colonel and diplomat (b. 1895) *1987 – August Mälk, Estonian author, playwright, and politician (b. 1900) *1988 – Robert Bernstein (comics), Robert Bernstein, American author and playwright (b. 1919) *1989 – Stella Gibbons, English journalist, author, and poet (b. 1902) * 1989 – Kirill Mazurov, Belarusian Soviet Union, Soviet politician (b. 1914) *1993 – Michael Clarke (musician), Michael Clarke, American drummer (b. 1946) *1996 – Marcello Mastroianni, Italian-French actor and singer (b. 1924) *

1997 File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic'', the highest-grossing movie in history at the time; ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of t ...

– Sara Northrup Hollister, American occultist (b. 1924) * 1997 – Masaru Ibuka, Japanese businessman, co-founded Sony (b. 1908) * 1997 – Jimmy Rogers, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1924) *

1998 1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The '' Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently ...

– Mel Fisher, American treasure hunter (b. 1922) *1999 – Desmond Llewelyn, Welsh soldier and actor (b. 1914) *

2000 File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...

– Rob Buck, American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1958) * 2000 – Milt Hinton, American bassist and photographer (b. 1910) * 2000 – John Lindsay, American lawyer and politician, 103rd Mayor of New York City (b. 1921) *2002 – Will Hoy, English race car driver (b. 1952) * 2002 – Arthur Rowley, English footballer and manager (b. 1926) * 2002 – George Weller, American author, playwright, and journalist (b. 1907) *2003 – Peter Carter-Ruck, English lawyer, founded Carter-Ruck (b. 1914) * 2003 – Hope Lange, American actress (b. 1933) *2004 – Herbert C. Brown, English-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1912) * 2004 – Renata Tebaldi, Italian soprano and actress (b. 1922) *2005 – Vincent Gigante, American mobster (b. 1927) *2008 – James Bevel, American minister and activist (b. 1936) * 2008 – Carol Chomsky, American linguist and educator (b. 1930) * 2008 – Michael Connell, American political consultant (b. 1963) * 2008 – Dock Ellis, American baseball player and coach (b. 1945) *2009 – Kim Peek, American megasavant (b. 1951) *2010 – Anthony Howard (journalist), Anthony Howard, English journalist and author (b. 1934) *

2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...

– Robert Bork, American lawyer, judge, and scholar, United States Attorney General (b. 1927) * 2012 – Amnon Lipkin-Shahak, Israeli general and politician, 22nd Transportation Minister of Israel (b. 1944) * 2012 – Larry Morris, American football player (b. 1933) * 2012 – Peter Struck (politician), Peter Struck, German lawyer and politician, 13th List of German defence ministers, German Federal Minister of Defence (b. 1943) *

2013 File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fact ...

– Winton Dean, English musicologist and author (b. 1916) * 2013 – Al Goldstein, American publisher and pornographer (b. 1936) * 2013 – Ned Vizzini, American author and screenwriter (b. 1981) *2014 – S. Balasubramanian, Indian journalist and director (b. 1936) * 2014 – Philip Bradbourn, English lawyer and politician (b. 1951) * 2014 – Arthur Gardner (producer), Arthur Gardner, American actor and producer (b. 1910) * 2014 – Igor Rodionov, Russian general and politician, 3rd Ministry of Defence (Russia), Russian Minister of Defence (b. 1936) * 2014 – Dick Thornton (Canadian football), Dick Thornton, American-Canadian football player and coach (b. 1939) * 2014 – Roberta Leigh (Rita Shulman Lewin), British writer, artist and TV producer (b. 1926). *2015 – Jimmy Hill, English footballer, manager, and sportscaster (b. 1928) * 2015 – Greville Janner, Baron Janner of Braunstone, Welsh-English lawyer and politician (b. 1928) * 2015 – Karin Söder, Swedish educator and politician, 33rd Minister for Foreign Affairs (Sweden), Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs (b. 1928) *

2016 File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...

– Andrei Karlov, Russian diplomat, Ambassador to Turkey (b. 1954) *2020 – Rosalind Knight, English actress (b. 1933) *2021 – Sally Ann Howes, English-American singer and actress (b. 1930) * 2021 – Johnny Isakson, American politician (b. 1944)

Holidays and observances

*Christian Calendar of saints, feast day: **Lillian Trasher (Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church), Episcopal Church) **O Radix **Pope Anastasius I **Pope Urban V **December 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) **Saint Nicholas Day *Goa Liberation Day (Goa, India) *Public holidays in Anguilla, National Heroes and Heroines Day (Anguilla)

References

External links

BBC: On This Day
*
Historical Events on December 19
{{months Days of the year December