1999 Political Party Leadership Elections on:
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File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The
1999 was designated as the
*
* March 2 – Abdullah Al-Qwabani, Yemeni long-distance runner
* March 5
** Madison Beer, American singer
** Yeri (singer), Yeri, South Korean singer
* March 6 – Abdul Hakim Sani Brown, Japanese athlete
* March 14 – Marvin Bagley III, American basketball player
* March 16 – Antonis Stergiakis, Greek footballer
* March 19 – Jack Higgins (Australian footballer), Jack Higgins, Australian rules footballer
* March 22 – Mick Schumacher, German racing driver
*
* May 5
** Justin Kluivert, Dutch footballer
** Nathan Chen, American figure skater
* May 8
** Maykel Massó, Cuban long jumper
** Rebeca Andrade, Brazilian artistic gymnast
* May 11 – Sabrina Carpenter, American actress, singer, and songwriter
* May 18 – Teo Halm, American actor and singer
* May 22 – Camren Bicondova, American actress and dancer
* May 24 – Charlie Plummer, American actor
* May 25 – Ibrahima Konaté, French footballer
* May 27
** Lily-Rose Depp, French-American actress and model
** Maria Kameneva, Russian swimmer
* May 30 – Sean Giambrone, American actor
*
* July 2 – Nicolò Zaniolo, Italian footballer
* July 4 – Moa Kikuchi, Japanese singer and dancer
* July 6 – Denis Khodykin, Russian pair skater
*
*
* November 9 – Karol Sevilla, Mexican actress and singer
* November 10
** Armand Duplantis, American-born Swedish pole vaulter
** João Félix, Portuguese footballer
** Kiernan Shipka, American actress
* November 11 – Fan Yilin, Chinese artistic gymnast
*
* January 4 – Iron Eyes Cody, Italian-American actor (b. 1904)
* January 6 – Michel Petrucciani, French jazz pianist and composer (b. 1962)
* January 11
** Teuvo Aura, Finnish politician, 33rd Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1912)
** Fabrizio De André, Italian singer and songwriter (b. 1940)
** Brian Moore (novelist), Brian Moore, Northern Irish-Canadian writer (b. 1921)
* January 12 – Betty Lou Gerson, American actress (b. 1914)
* January 14 – Jerzy Grotowski, Polish theatre director (b. 1933)
* January 21 – Susan Strasberg, American actress (b. 1938)
* January 22 – Graham Staines, Australian missionary (b. 1941)
* January 23 – Joe D'Amato, Italian film director, producer, cinematographer, and screenwriter (b. 1936)
* January 25 – Robert Shaw (conductor), Robert Shaw, American conductor (b. 1916)
* February 1 – Barış Manço, Turkish singer and television personality (b. 1943)
* February 2 - Deborah Makepeace, English actress (b. 1957).
* February 5 – Wassily Leontief, Russian economist (b. 1906)
*
* March 2 – Dusty Springfield, English pop singer (b. 1939)
* March 3
** Jackson C. Frank, American folk musician (b. 1943)
** Gerhard Herzberg, German-born chemist (b. 1904)
* March 4
** Harry Blackmun, American judge, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (b. 1908)
** Fritz Honegger, Swiss politician, 79th President of Switzerland (b. 1917)
* March 5 – Richard Kiley, American actor (b. 1922)
* March 6
** Dennis Viollet, English footballer (b. 1933)
** Emir Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa of Bahrain (b. 1931)
* March 7 – Stanley Kubrick, American film director and producer (b. 1928)
* March 8
** Adolfo Bioy Casares, Argentine writer (b. 1914)
** Peggy Cass, American actress, comedian, and game show panelist (b. 1924)
** Joe DiMaggio, American baseball player (b. 1914)
* March 10
** Oswaldo Guayasamín, Ecuadorian painter and sculptor (b. 1919)
** Kusumagraj, Indian poet, playwright and novelist (b. 1912)
* March 12 – Yehudi Menuhin, American violinist (b. 1916)
* March 13 – Garson Kanin, American playwright and screenwriter (b. 1912)
* March 14 – Kirk Alyn, American actor (b. 1910)
* March 17
** Ernest Gold (composer), Ernest Gold, Austrian-born composer (b. 1921)
** Humberto Fernández-Morán, Venezuelan research scientist (b. 1924)
** Hildegard Peplau, American nurse and theorist (b. 1909)
* March 19 – Tofilau Eti Alesana, Samoan politician, 6th Prime Minister of Samoa (b. 1924)
*
* April 4
** Faith Domergue, American actress (b. 1924)
** Jumabek Ibraimov, 5th Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (b. 1944)
** Bob Peck, English actor (b. 1945)
*
* May 2 – Oliver Reed, English actor (b. 1938)
* May 8
** Dana Plato, American actress (b. 1964)
** Dirk Bogarde, English actor (b. 1921)
* May 10 – Shel Silverstein, American author and poet (b. 1930)
*
*
* July 1
** Dennis Brown, Jamaican reggae singer (b. 1957)
** Edward Dmytryk, American film director (b. 1908)
** Guy Mitchell, American singer (b. 1927)
** Joshua Nkomo, Zimbabwean politician (b. 1917)
** Sylvia Sidney, American actress (b. 1910)
* July 2 – Mario Puzo, American author (b. 1920)
* July 3 – Mark Sandman, American rock musician and artist (b. 1952)
* July 6 – Joaquín Rodrigo, Spanish composer (b. 1901)
* July 8
** Pete Conrad, American astronaut (b. 1930)
** Frank Lubin, Lithuanian-American basketball player (b. 1910)
** Shafik Wazzan, 27th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1925)
*
* August 1 – Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Bengali writer (b. 1897)
* August 4 – Victor Mature, American actor (b. 1913)
*
* September 6 – Lagumot Harris, 3rd President of Nauru (b. 1938)
*
* October 2 – Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani, Albanian Islamic scholar (b. 1914)
* October 3 – Akio Morita, Japanese businessman (b. 1921)
* October 4
** Bernard Buffet, French painter (b. 1928)
** Art Farmer, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1928)
* October 6
** Gorilla Monsoon, American professional wrestler and announcer (b. 1937)
** Amália Rodrigues, Portuguese fado singer and actress (b. 1920)
* October 9
** Milt Jackson, American musician (b. 1923)
** Akhtar Hameed Khan, Pakistani businessman (b. 1914)
* October 11 – Galina Bystrova, Soviet athlete (b. 1934)
*
* November 1
** Bhekimpi Dlamini, 4th Prime Minister of Swaziland (b. 1924)
** Theodore Hall, American physicist and spy (b. 1925)
** Walter Payton, American football player (b. 1954)
* November 2 – Demetrio B. Lakas, 27th President of Panama (b. 1925)
* November 3 – Ian Bannen, Scottish actor (b. 1928)
* November 8 – Leon Štukelj, Slovene gymnast (b. 1898)
* November 11
** Mary Kay Bergman, American voice actress (b.
* December 1 – Fritz Fischer, German historian (b. 1908)
* December 2 – Charlie Byrd, American jazz musician and classical guitarist (b. 1925)
* December 3
** John Archer (actor), John Archer, American actor (b. 1915)
** Scatman John, American musician (b. 1942)
** Madeline Kahn, American actress, singer and comedian (b. 1942)
* December 4 – Nilde Iotti, Italian politician (b. 1920)
* December 5 – Nathan Jacobson, American mathematician (b. 1910)
* December 7 – Darling Légitimus, French actress (b. 1907)
* December 9 – Yakov Rylsky, Soviet sabre fencer (b. 1928)
* December 10
** Rick Danko, Canadian musician (b. 1943)
** Franjo Tuđman, 1st President of Croatia (b. 1922)
* December 12
** Paul Cadmus, American artist (b. 1904)
** Joseph Heller, American novelist (b. 1923)
* December 13 – Stane Dolanc, Yugoslav politician (b. 1925)
* December 17
** Rex Allen, American actor, singer, and songwriter (b. 1920)
** Jürgen Moser, German-American mathematician (b. 1928)
** Grover Washington Jr., American saxophonist (b. 1943)
* December 18 – Robert Bresson, French filmmaker (b. 1901)
* December 19 – Desmond Llewelyn, British actor (b. 1914)
* December 20
** Irving Rapper, American film director (b. 1898)
** Riccardo Freda, Italian film director (b. 1909)
** Hank Snow, Canadian-American country musician (b. 1914)
* December 23
** John P. Davies, American diplomat (b. 1908)
** Wallace Diestelmeyer, Canadian skater (b. 1926)
* December 24
** Tito Guízar, Mexican singer and film actor (b. 1908)
** Bill Bowerman, American track and field coach, co-founder of Nike, Inc., Nike (b. 1911)
** Maurice Couve de Murville, 152nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1907)
** João Figueiredo, Brazilian military leader and politician, 30th President of Brazil (b. 1918)
** Grete Stern, German-Argentine photographer (b. 1904)
* December 26
** Curtis Mayfield, American musician and composer (b. 1942)
** Shankar Dayal Sharma, 9th President of India (b. 1918)
* December 27 – Pierre Clémenti, French actor (b. 1942)
* December 28 – Clayton Moore, American actor (b. 1914)
* December 30
** Fritz Leonhardt, German structural engineer (b. 1909)
** Sarah Knauss, American supercentenarian (b. 1880)
* December 31 – Elliot Richardson, American politician and lawyer (b. 1920)
funeral procession
A funeral procession is a procession, usually in motor vehicles or by foot, from a funeral home or place of worship to the cemetery or crematorium. In earlier times the deceased was typically carried by male family members on a bier or in a cof ...
of King Hussein of Jordan
Hussein bin Talal ( ar, الحسين بن طلال, ''Al-Ḥusayn ibn Ṭalāl''; 14 November 1935 – 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of ...
in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootings
A school shooting is an attack at an educational institution, such as a primary school, secondary school, high school or university, involving the use of firearms. Many school shootings are also categorized as mass shootings due to multiple ...
in the United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
; the Year 2000 problem
The year 2000 problem, also known as the Y2K problem, Y2K scare, millennium bug, Y2K bug, Y2K glitch, Y2K error, or simply Y2K refers to potential computer errors related to the formatting and storage of calendar data for dates in and after ...
("Y2K"), perceived as a major concern in the lead-up to the year 2000
File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from S ...
; the Millennium Dome opens in London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
; online music downloading platform Napster is launched, soon a source of online piracy
Online piracy or software piracy is the practice of downloading and distributing copyrighted works digitally without permission, such as music or software. The principle behind piracy has predated the creation of the Internet, but its online popul ...
; NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil List of government space agencies, space program ...
loses both the Mars Climate Orbiter
The ''Mars Climate Orbiter'' (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter) was a robotic space probe launched by NASA on December 11, 1998, to study the Martian climate, Martian atmosphere, and surface changes and to act as the communications re ...
and the Mars Polar Lander
The Mars Polar Lander, also known as the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander, was a 290-kilogram robotic spacecraft lander launched by NASA on January 3, 1999, to study the soil and climate of Planum Australe, a region near the south pole on Mars. It form ...
; a destroyed T-55
The T-54 and T-55 tanks are a series of Soviet main battle tanks introduced in the years following the Second World War. The first T-54 prototype was completed at Nizhny Tagil by the end of 1945.Steven Zaloga, T-54 and T-55 Main Battle Tank ...
tank
A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engi ...
near Prizren during the Kosovo War
The Kosovo War was an armed conflict in Kosovo that started 28 February 1998 and lasted until 11 June 1999. It was fought by the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (i.e. Serbia and Montenegro), which controlled Kosovo before the wa ...
., 300x300px, thumb
rect 0 0 200 200 Death and state funeral of King Hussein
rect 200 0 400 200 1999 İzmit earthquake
rect 400 0 600 200 Columbine High School massacre
rect 0 200 300 400 Kosovo War
The Kosovo War was an armed conflict in Kosovo that started 28 February 1998 and lasted until 11 June 1999. It was fought by the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (i.e. Serbia and Montenegro), which controlled Kosovo before the wa ...
rect 300 200 600 400 Year 2000 problem
The year 2000 problem, also known as the Y2K problem, Y2K scare, millennium bug, Y2K bug, Y2K glitch, Y2K error, or simply Y2K refers to potential computer errors related to the formatting and storage of calendar data for dates in and after ...
rect 0 400 200 600 Mars Climate Orbiter
The ''Mars Climate Orbiter'' (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter) was a robotic space probe launched by NASA on December 11, 1998, to study the Martian climate, Martian atmosphere, and surface changes and to act as the communications re ...
rect 200 400 400 600 Napster
rect 400 400 600 600 Millennium DomeInternational Year of Older Persons In its Proclamation on Aging, the United Nations General Assembly decided to declare 1999 as the International Year of Older Persons (IYOP). The proclamation was launched on 1 October 1998, the International Day of Older Persons, by United Nation ...
.
Events
January
*January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
– The euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
currency is established and the European Central Bank
The European Central Bank (ECB) is the prime component of the monetary Eurosystem and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) as well as one of seven institutions of the European Union. It is one of the world's most important centr ...
assumes its full powers.
* January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander
The Mars Polar Lander, also known as the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander, was a 290-kilogram robotic spacecraft lander launched by NASA on January 3, 1999, to study the soil and climate of Planum Australe, a region near the south pole on Mars. It form ...
is launched by NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil List of government space agencies, space program ...
.
* January 25 – The 6.2 Armenia, Colombia earthquake hits western Colombia, killing at least 1,900.
February
*February 7
Events Pre-1600
* 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor.
* 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II.
* 1301 &nd ...
– Abdullah II
Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein ( ar, عبدالله الثاني بن الحسين , translit=ʿAbd Allāh aṯ-ṯānī ibn al-Ḥusayn; born 30 January 1962) is King of Jordan, having ascended the throne on 7 February 1999. He is a member of t ...
inherits the throne of Jordan, following the death of his father King Hussein
Hussein, Hussain, Hossein, Hossain, Huseyn, Husayn, Husein or Husain (; ar, حُسَيْن ), coming from the triconsonantal root Ḥ-S-i-N ( ar, ح س ی ن, link=no), is an Arabic name which is the diminutive of Hassan, meaning "good", " ...
.
* February 11 – Pluto
Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the Sun. It is the largest ...
moves along its eccentric orbit further from the Sun than Neptune. It had been nearer than Neptune since 1979
Events
January
* January 1
** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the '' International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the '' Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the so ...
, and will become again in 2231.
* February 12
Events Pre-1600
*1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna.
*1429 – English forces under ...
– U.S. President Bill Clinton
William Jefferson Clinton ( né Blythe III; born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He previously served as governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and agai ...
is acquitted in impeachment proceedings in the United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
The composition and pow ...
.
* February 16
Events Pre-1600
*1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire.
*1270 – Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battle of Kar ...
** In Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Ozbekiston Respublikasi, italic=yes / ; russian: Республика Узбекистан), is a doubly landlocked co ...
, an apparent assassination attempt against President Islam Karimov
Islam Abduganiyevich Karimov ( uz, Islom Abdugʻaniyevich Karimov / Ислом Абдуғаниевич Каримов, italics=no; russian: link=no, Ислам Абдуганиевич Каримов; 30 January 1938 – 2 September 2016) was t ...
takes place at government headquarters.
** Across Europe, Kurdish rebels take over embassies and hold hostages after Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
arrests one of their rebel leaders.
* February 23
** Kurdish rebel leader Abdullah Öcalan is charged with treason
Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplo ...
in Ankara
Ankara ( , ; ), historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and over 5.7 million in Ankara Province, maki ...
, Turkey.
** 1999 Galtür avalanche: An avalanche
An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a slope, such as a hill or mountain.
Avalanches can be set off spontaneously, by such factors as increased precipitation or snowpack weakening, or by external means such as humans, animals, and eart ...
destroys the village of Galtür, Austria, killing 31.
* February 27 – While trying to circumnavigate the world in a hot air balloon
A hot air balloon is a lighter-than-air aircraft consisting of a bag, called an envelope, which contains heated air. Suspended beneath is a gondola or wicker basket (in some long-distance or high-altitude balloons, a capsule), which carries ...
, Colin Prescot and Andy Elson set a new endurance record after being aloft for 233 hours and 55 minutes.
March
*March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...
** One of four bombs detonated in Lusaka, Zambia
Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most central point. Its neighbours are t ...
, destroys the Angola
, national_anthem = " Angola Avante"()
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capital = Luanda
, religion =
, religion_year = 2020
, religion_ref =
, coordina ...
n Embassy.
** Rwandan Hutu
The Hutu (), also known as the Abahutu, are a Bantu ethnic or social group which is native to the African Great Lakes region. They mainly live in Rwanda, Burundi and the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, where they form one of the p ...
rebels kill and dismember eight foreign tourists at the Buhoma homestead, Uganda
}), is a landlocked country in East Africa. The country is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. The sou ...
.
** The Convention on the Prohibition of Anti-Personnel Mines comes into force.
* March 12 – Former Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact (WP) or Treaty of Warsaw, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist repub ...
members Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic join NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
.
* March 15
Events Pre-1600
*474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce.
* 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place.
* 493 – Odo ...
– The Santer Commission
The Santer Commission was the European Commission in office between 23 January 1995 and 15 March 1999. The administration was led by Jacques Santer (former Prime Minister of Luxembourg).
The body had 20 members and oversaw the introduction of ...
of the EU resigns over allegations of corruption.
* March 21
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...
** Bertrand Piccard
Bertrand Piccard FRSGS (born 1 March 1958) is a Swiss explorer, psychiatrist and environmentalist. Along with Brian Jones, he was the first to complete a non-stop balloon flight around the globe, in a balloon named Breitling Orbiter 3. He was ...
and Brian Jones
Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969) was an English multi-instrumentalist and singer best known as the founder, rhythm/lead guitarist, and original leader of the Rolling Stones. Initially a guitarist, he went on to prov ...
become the first to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon
A hot air balloon is a lighter-than-air aircraft consisting of a bag, called an envelope, which contains heated air. Suspended beneath is a gondola or wicker basket (in some long-distance or high-altitude balloons, a capsule), which carries ...
.
** The 71st Academy Awards
The 71st Academy Awards ceremony, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the best of 1998 in film and took place on March 21, 1999, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p ...
are held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion
The Dorothy Chandler Pavilion is one of the halls in the Los Angeles Music Center, which is one of the largest performing arts centers in the United States. The Music Center's other halls include the Mark Taper Forum, Ahmanson Theatre, and Walt ...
in Los Angeles
Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, largest city in the U.S. state, state of California and the List of United States cities by population, sec ...
with ''Shakespeare in Love
''Shakespeare in Love'' is a 1998 romantic period comedy-drama film directed by John Madden, written by Marc Norman and playwright Tom Stoppard, and produced by Harvey Weinstein. It stars Gwyneth Paltrow, Joseph Fiennes, Geoffrey Rush, Colin ...
'' winning Best Picture
This is a list of categories of awards commonly awarded through organizations that bestow film awards, including those presented by various film, festivals, and people's awards.
Best Actor/Best Actress
*See Best Actor#Film awards, Best Actress#F ...
.
* March 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6.
*1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margate o ...
** NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
launches air strikes
An airstrike, air strike or air raid is an offensive operation carried out by aircraft. Air strikes are delivered from aircraft such as blimps, balloons, fighters, heavy bombers, ground attack aircraft, attack helicopters and drones. The offic ...
against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Serbia and Montenegro ( sr, Cрбија и Црна Гора, translit=Srbija i Crna Gora) was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yu ...
, marking the first time NATO has attacked a sovereign state.
** A fire
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.
At a certain point in the combustion reaction, called the ignition point, flames a ...
in the Mont Blanc Tunnel
The Mont Blanc Tunnel is a highway tunnel between France and Italy, under the Mont Blanc mountain in the Alps. It links Chamonix, Haute-Savoie, France with Courmayeur, Aosta Valley, Italy, via the French Route Nationale 205 and the Italian T ...
kills 39 people, closing the tunnel for nearly three years.
* March 26
Events Pre-1600
* 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
*1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, ...
– The Melissa worm attacks the Internet.
* March 27
Events Pre-1600
*1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom.
* 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
– Kosovo War
The Kosovo War was an armed conflict in Kosovo that started 28 February 1998 and lasted until 11 June 1999. It was fought by the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (i.e. Serbia and Montenegro), which controlled Kosovo before the wa ...
: A U.S. F-117 Nighthawk is shot down by Yugoslav forces.
* March 29
Events Pre-1600
* 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.
* 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...
– For the first time, the Dow Jones Industrial Average
The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Dow Jones, or simply the Dow (), is a stock market index of 30 prominent companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States.
The DJIA is one of the oldest and most commonly followed equity inde ...
closes above the 10,000 mark, at 10,006.78.
April
*April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held.
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
*1081 – Alexios I Ko ...
– Nunavut, an Inuit
Inuit (; iu, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ 'the people', singular: Inuk, , dual: Inuuk, ) are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic and subarctic regions of Greenland, Labrador, Quebec, Nunavut, the Northwest Territories ...
homeland, is created from the eastern portion of the Northwest Territories to become Canada's third territory
A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal.
In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or a ...
.
* April 5
** Two Libya
Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Suda ...
ns suspected of bringing down Pan Am Flight 103 in 1988 are handed over to Scottish authorities for eventual trial in the Netherlands. The United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
suspends sanctions against Libya.
** In Laramie, Wyoming
Laramie is a city in and the county seat of Albany County, Wyoming, United States. The population was estimated 32,711 in 2019, making it the third-largest city in Wyoming after Cheyenne and Casper. Located on the Laramie River in southeast ...
, Russell Henderson pleads guilty to kidnapping and felony murder, in order to avoid a possible death penalty conviction for the apparent hate crime killing of Matthew Shepard
Matthew Wayne Shepard (December 1, 1976 – October 12, 1998) was a gay American student at the University of Wyoming who was beaten, tortured, and left to die near Laramie on the night of October 6, 1998. He was taken by rescuers to Po ...
.
* April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
– Kosovo War
The Kosovo War was an armed conflict in Kosovo that started 28 February 1998 and lasted until 11 June 1999. It was fought by the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (i.e. Serbia and Montenegro), which controlled Kosovo before the wa ...
: Kosovo
Kosovo ( sq, Kosova or ; sr-Cyrl, Косово ), officially the Republic of Kosovo ( sq, Republika e Kosovës, links=no; sr, Република Косово, Republika Kosovo, links=no), is a partially recognised state in Southeast Euro ...
's main border crossings are closed by Yugoslav forces to prevent Kosovar Albanians
The Albanians of Kosovo ( sq, Shqiptarët e Kosovës, ), also commonly called Kosovo Albanians, Kosovar/Kosovan Albanians or Kosovars/Kosovans, constitute the largest ethnic group in Kosovo.
Kosovo Albanians belong to the ethnic Albanian sub-gr ...
from leaving.
* April 9
Events Pre-1600
* 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum.
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, su ...
– Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara
General Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara (May 9, 1949 – April 9, 1999) was a military officer and diplomat in Niger who ruled the country from his seizure of power in 1996 until his assassination during the military coup of April 1999.
Baré Maïn ...
, president of Niger
)
, official_languages =
, languages_type = National languagesApril 14
Events Pre-1600
* 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum.
* 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
– Kosovo War
The Kosovo War was an armed conflict in Kosovo that started 28 February 1998 and lasted until 11 June 1999. It was fought by the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (i.e. Serbia and Montenegro), which controlled Kosovo before the wa ...
: NATO warplanes repeatedly bomb ethnic Albanian refugee convoys for 2 hours over a 12-mile stretch of road, after mistaking them for Yugoslav military trucks, between Đakovica and Dečani in western Kosovo, killing at least 73 refugees.
* April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
*1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
*1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys ...
– Columbine High School massacre: Two Littleton, Colorado
Littleton is a home rule municipality city located in Arapahoe, Douglas, and Jefferson counties, Colorado, United States. Littleton is the county seat of Arapahoe County and is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Stati ...
, teenagers, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold
Eric David Harris (April 9, 1981 – April 20, 1999) and Dylan Bennet Klebold (; September 11, 1981 – April 20, 1999) were an American mass murder duo who perpetrated the Columbine High School massacre on April 20, 1999. Harris and Klebo ...
, open fire on their teachers and classmates, killing 12 students and 1 teacher, and then themselves.
* April 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty).
*1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...
– Namibian Economic Society The Namibian Economic Society was founded on 24 April 1999. It developed out of the Namibia Economic Working Group.
The aims of the society include the advancement of the "development of economics as science as well as its related academic discipli ...
is founded.
* April 26
Events Pre-1600
* 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
*1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe.
* 1 ...
** Sultan Salahuddin of Selangor becomes the 11th Yang di-Pertuan Agong
The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (, Jawi: ), also known as the Supreme Head of the Federation, the Paramount Ruler or simply as the Agong, and unofficially as the King of Malaysia, is the constitutional monarch and head of state of Malaysia. The o ...
of Malaysia
Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...
.
** British TV presenter Jill Dando
Jill Wendy Dando (9 November 1961 – 26 April 1999) was an English journalist, television presenter and newsreader. She spent most of her career at the BBC and was the corporation's Personality of the Year in 1997. At the time of her death, her ...
, 37, is shot dead on the doorstep of her home in Fulham, London.
* April 30
Events Pre-1600
*311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends.
*1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois.
*1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus hi ...
– Cambodia
Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailan ...
joins the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASEAN ( , ), officially the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, is a political and economic union of 10 member states in Southeast Asia, which promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, militar ...
(ASEAN), bringing the total members to 10.
May
*May 3
Events Pre-1600
* 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne.
* 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties.
...
– 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak
The 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak was a significant tornado outbreak that affected much of the Central and parts of the Eastern United States, with the highest record-breaking wind speeds of . During this week-long event, 154 tornadoes touched ...
: a devastating tornado, rated F5 on the Fujita scale
The Fujita scale (F-Scale; ), or Fujita–Pearson scale (FPP scale), is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is deter ...
, hits southern and eastern Oklahoma City metropolitan area
The Oklahoma City metropolitan area is an urban region in the Southern United States. It is the largest metropolitan area in the state of Oklahoma and contains the state capital and principal city, Oklahoma City. It is often known as the Okla ...
, killing 36 people (and 5 indirectly) and producing the highest winds recorded on Earth: .
* May 7
Events Pre-1600
* 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch.
* 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I imm ...
** Kosovo War
The Kosovo War was an armed conflict in Kosovo that started 28 February 1998 and lasted until 11 June 1999. It was fought by the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (i.e. Serbia and Montenegro), which controlled Kosovo before the wa ...
: in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Serbia and Montenegro ( sr, Cрбија и Црна Гора, translit=Srbija i Crna Gora) was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yu ...
, three Chinese embassy workers are killed and twenty others wounded when a NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
B-2 aircraft bombs the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade.
** In Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Bissau ( ; pt, Guiné-Bissau; ff, italic=no, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮, Gine-Bisaawo, script=Adlm; Mandinka: ''Gine-Bisawo''), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau ( pt, República da Guiné-Bissau, links=no ), ...
, President João Bernardo Vieira
João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira (; 27 April 1939 – 2 March 2009) was a Bissau-Guinean politician who was the President of Guinea-Bissau from 1980 to 1999, except for a three-day period in May 1984, and from 2005 to 2009.
After seizing power ...
is ousted in a military coup.
* May 12
Events Pre-1600
* 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism.
* 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...
– David Steel
David Martin Scott Steel, Baron Steel of Aikwood, (born 31 March 1938) is a British politician. Elected as Member of Parliament for Roxburgh, Selkirk, and Peebles, followed by Tweeddale, Ettrick, and Lauderdale, he served as the final leade ...
becomes the first Presiding Officer (Speaker) of the modern Scottish Parliament.
* May 13
Events Pre-1600
*1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book '' Revelations of Divine Love''.
* 1501 – Amerigo Vespu ...
– Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (; 9 December 1920 – 16 September 2016) was an Italian politician and banker who was the prime minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994 and the president of Italy from 1999 to 2006.
Biography Education
Ciampi was born i ...
is elected President of Italy.
* May 17
Events Pre-1600
*1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army.
*1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason.
* 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...
– Ehud Barak is elected prime minister of Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
.
* May 26
Events Pre-1600
* 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe.
* 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire tak ...
** The Indian Air Force launches an attack on intruding Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 243 million people, and has the world's second-lar ...
Army troops and mujahideen militants in Kashmir.
** The 1999 UEFA Champions League Final
The 1999 UEFA Champions League Final was an association football match between Manchester United of England and Bayern Munich of Germany, played at Camp Nou in Barcelona, Spain, on 26 May 1999, to determine the winner of the 1998–99 UEFA Ch ...
takes place at the Camp Nou Stadium, Barcelona
Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...
, in which the English side Manchester United defeats the German side Bayern Munich 2–1.
* May 27 – The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague, Netherlands
The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...
indicts Slobodan Milošević and four others for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Kosovo
Kosovo ( sq, Kosova or ; sr-Cyrl, Косово ), officially the Republic of Kosovo ( sq, Republika e Kosovës, links=no; sr, Република Косово, Republika Kosovo, links=no), is a partially recognised state in Southeast Euro ...
.
* May 28
Events Pre-1600
*585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from ...
** Two Swedish police officers are wounded by bank robbers armed with automatic firearms, and later executed with their own service pistols in Malexander, Sweden.
** After 22 years of restoration work, Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, Drawing, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially res ...
's ''The Last Supper
Image:The Last Supper - Leonardo Da Vinci - High Resolution 32x16.jpg, 400px, alt=''The Last Supper'' by Leonardo da Vinci - Clickable Image, Depictions of the Last Supper in Christian art have been undertaken by artistic masters for centuries, ...
'' is placed back on display in Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
, Italy.
* May 29
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city.
* 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
– Nigeria
Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...
terminates military rule, and the Fourth Nigerian Republic
The Fourth Republic is the current republican government of Nigeria. Since 1999, it has governed the country according to the fourth republican constitution. It was in many ways a revival of the Second Republic, which was in place between 1979 an ...
is established with Olusegun Obasanjo
Chief Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo, , ( ; yo, Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ ; born 5 March 1937) is a Nigerian political and military leader who served as Nigeria's head of state from 1976 to 1979 and later as its presid ...
as president
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
* President (education), a leader of a college or university
* President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Automobiles
* Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...
.
June
*June 1
Events Pre-1600
*1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
* 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed k ...
– Napster, a music downloading service, is created; it would later inspire other file-sharing sites such as The Pirate Bay
The Pirate Bay (sometimes abbreviated as TPB) is an online index of digital content of entertainment media and software. Founded in 2003 by Swedish think tank Piratbyrån, The Pirate Bay allows visitors to search, download, and contribute ma ...
, LimeWire
LimeWire was a free peer-to-peer file sharing client for Windows, MacOS, Linux and Solaris. Created by Mark Gorton in 2000, it was most prominently a tool used for the download and distribution of pirated materials, particularly pirated mus ...
, Gnutella
Gnutella is a peer-to-peer network protocol. Founded in 2000, it was the first decentralized peer-to-peer network of its kind, leading to other, later networks adopting the model.
In June 2005, Gnutella's population was 1.81 million compute ...
, Kazaa, Morpheus
Morpheus ('Fashioner', derived from the grc, μορφή meaning 'form, shape') is a god associated with sleep and dreams. In Ovid's ''Metamorphoses'' he is the son of Somnus and appears in dreams in human form. From the Middle Ages, the name b ...
, BearShare
BearShare was a peer-to-peer-file-sharing-application originally created by Free Peers, Inc. for Microsoft Windows and also a rebranded version of iMesh by MusicLab, LLC, tightly integrated with their music subscription service.
History
The pr ...
, and uTorrent 1999-2010 period which some called the "Second Golden Age of Piracy
The Golden Age of Piracy is a common designation for the period between the 1650s and the 1730s, when maritime piracy was a significant factor in the histories of the Caribbean, the United Kingdom, the Indian Ocean, North America, and West Africa ...
".
* June 2
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks.
* 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601 ...
– The King of Bhutan
The Druk Gyalpo (; 'Dragon King') is the head of state of the Kingdom of Bhutan. In the Dzongkha language, Bhutan is known as ''Drukyul'' which translates as "The Land of the Thunder Dragon". Thus, while kings of Bhutan are known as ''Druk ...
allows television transmissions to commence in the Kingdom for the first time, coinciding with the King's Silver Jubilee.
* June 5 – The Islamic Salvation Army
The Islamic Salvation Front ( ar, الجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ, al-Jabhah al-Islāmiyah lil-Inqādh; french: Front Islamique du Salut, FIS) was an Islamist political party in Algeria. The party had two major leaders representi ...
, the armed wing of the Islamic Salvation Front
The Islamic Salvation Front ( ar, الجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ, al-Jabhah al-Islāmiyah lil-Inqādh; french: Front Islamique du Salut, FIS) was an Islamist political party in Algeria. The party had two major leaders representi ...
, agrees in principle to disband in Algeria
)
, image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Algiers
, coordinates =
, largest_city = capital
, relig ...
.
* June 8
Events Pre-1600
* 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus.
* 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern province ...
– The government of Colombia announces it will include the estimated value of the country's illegal drug
The prohibition of drugs through sumptuary legislation or religious law is a common means of attempting to prevent the recreational use of certain intoxicating substances.
While some drugs are illegal to possess, many governments regulate the ...
crops, exceeding half a billion US dollars, in its gross national product
The gross national income (GNI), previously known as gross national product (GNP), is the total domestic and foreign output claimed by residents of a country, consisting of gross domestic product (GDP), plus factor incomes earned by foreign ...
.
* June 9
Events Pre-1600
*411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy.
* 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia.
* 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending th ...
– Kosovo War
The Kosovo War was an armed conflict in Kosovo that started 28 February 1998 and lasted until 11 June 1999. It was fought by the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (i.e. Serbia and Montenegro), which controlled Kosovo before the wa ...
: Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
and NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
sign a peace treaty
A peace treaty is an agreement between two or more hostile parties, usually countries or governments, which formally ends a state of war between the parties. It is different from an armistice
An armistice is a formal agreement of warring ...
to end their hostilities.
* June 10
Events Pre-1600
* 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu.
*1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...
– Kosovo War: NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
suspends its air strikes after Slobodan Milošević agrees to withdraw Yugoslav forces from Kosovo
Kosovo ( sq, Kosova or ; sr-Cyrl, Косово ), officially the Republic of Kosovo ( sq, Republika e Kosovës, links=no; sr, Република Косово, Republika Kosovo, links=no), is a partially recognised state in Southeast Euro ...
.
* June 12
Events Pre-1600
* 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors.
* 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of Fr ...
– Kosovo War: Operation Joint Guardian
Operation or Operations may refer to:
Arts, entertainment and media
* Operation (game), ''Operation'' (game), a battery-operated board game that challenges dexterity
* Operation (music), a term used in musical set theory
* Operations (magazine ...
/''Operation Agricola'' begins: NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
-led United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
peacekeeping forces KFOR enter Kosovo, Yugoslavia.
* June 16
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians.
* 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king ...
– Thabo Mbeki
Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki KStJ (; born 18 June 1942) is a South African politician who was the second president of South Africa from 14 June 1999 to 24 September 2008, when he resigned at the request of his party, the African National Congress (ANC ...
is inaugurated as the second president of South Africa, marking the first peaceful transfer of executive power in the country's post-democratization history.
* June 18
Events Pre-1600
* 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China.
* 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
* 860 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about ...
– The J18 international anti-globalization protests are organized in dozens of cities around the world, some of which led to riots.
* June 19
Events Pre-1600
* 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea.
*1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle chan ...
– Turin
Turin ( , Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The ...
, Italy, is awarded the 2006 Winter Olympics
The 2006 Winter Olympics, officially the XX Olympic Winter Games ( it, XX Giochi olimpici invernali) and also known as Torino 2006, were a winter multi-sport event held from 10 to 26 February 2006 in Turin, Italy. This marked the second ...
.
* June 24
Events Pre-1600
*1312 BC – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa.
* 109 – Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, northwest of Rome. ...
– Kosovo War: NATO marines shoot three gunmen in Kosovo, Yugoslavia after being attacked by the latter, killing one of them and injuring the other two.
* June 25
Events Pre-1600
* 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
– Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
gets a new national anthem
"New National Anthem" is a political rap song by American rapper T.I., released on September 23, 2014, through Grand Hustle and Columbia Records, as a pre-order track from ''Paperwork (T.I. album), Paperwork'' (2014). The song, hip hop production, ...
.
* June 30
Events Pre-1600
* 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
* 763 – The Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus.
*1422 – Battle of Arbedo between the duke of Milan ...
– Twenty-three people die in a fire at the Sealand Youth Training Center in South Korea.
July
* July 1 – Europol (short for European Police Office) theEuropean Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been de ...
's criminal intelligence
Criminal intelligence is information compiled, analyzed, and/or disseminated in an effort to anticipate, prevent, or monitor criminal activity.
The United States Army Military Police Corps defines criminal intelligence as information gathered or c ...
agency becomes fully operational.
*July 7
Events Pre-1600
* 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks.
* 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her execution.
* 1520 – Spanish ''conquistad ...
– In Rome, Hicham El Guerrouj
Hicham El Guerrouj ( ar, هشام الݣروج, Hishām l-Garrūj; ber, ⵀⵉⵛⴰⵎ ⴻⵍ ⴳⴻⵔⵔⵓⵊ, Hisham El Gerruj; born 14 September 1974) is a retired Moroccan middle-distance runner. El Guerrouj is the current world record h ...
runs the fastest mile ever recorded, at 3:43.13.
* July 10
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina.
* 645 – Isshi Incident: Prin ...
– American soccer player Brandi Chastain scores the game winning penalty kick against China in the final of the FIFA Women's World Cup.
* July 11
Events Pre-1600
* 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.
* 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, ...
– India recaptures Kargil
Kargil ( lbj, ) is a city and a joint capital of the union territory of Ladakh, India. It is also the headquarters of the Kargil district. It is the second-largest city in Ladakh after Leh. Kargil is located to the east of Srinagar in Jam ...
, forcing the Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 243 million people, and has the world's second-lar ...
i army to retreat. India announces victory, ending the 2-month conflict.
* July 20
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots.
* 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defea ...
** Mercury program
Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United States, running from 1958 through 1963. An early highlight of the Space Race, its goal was to put a man into Earth orbit and return him safely, ideally before the Soviet Un ...
: Liberty Bell 7
Mercury-Redstone 4 was the second United States human spaceflight, on July 21, 1961. The suborbital Project Mercury flight was launched with a Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, MRLV-8. The spacecraft, Mercury capsule #11, was nicknamed the ''Lib ...
– piloted by Gus Grissom
Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom (April 3, 1926 – January 27, 1967) was an American engineer, pilot in the United States Air Force, and member of the Mercury Seven selected by National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) as Project Mercur ...
in 1961
Events January
* January 3
** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015).
** Aero Flight 311 (K ...
– is raised from the Atlantic Ocean.
** Falun Gong
Falun Gong (, ) or Falun Dafa (; literally, "Dharma Wheel Practice" or "Law Wheel Practice") is a new religious movement.Junker, Andrew. 2019. ''Becoming Activists in Global China: Social Movements in the Chinese Diaspora'', pp. 23–24, 33, 119 ...
is banned in the People's Republic of China under Jiang Zemin
Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as pr ...
.
* July 23
Events Pre-1600
* 811 – Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures Khan Krum's treasury.
*1319 – A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet off Chios. 1 ...
** NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory
The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), previously known as the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), is a Flagship-class space telescope launched aboard the during STS-93 by NASA on July 23, 1999. Chandra is sensitive to X-ray sources 1 ...
is launched.
** Mohammed VI of Morocco
Mohammed VI ( ar, محمد السادس; born 21 August 1963) is the King of Morocco. He belongs to the 'Alawi dynasty and acceded to the throne on 23 July 1999, upon the death of his father, King Hassan II.
Upon ascending to the throne, Moh ...
becomes king upon the death of his father Hassan II Hassan, Hasan, Hassane, Haasana, Hassaan, Asan, Hassun, Hasun, Hassen, Hasson or Hasani may refer to:
People
* Hassan (given name), Arabic given name and a list of people with that given name
*Hassan (surname), Arabic, Jewish, Irish, and Scotti ...
.
**Fourteen Kosovar Serb villagers are killed by ethnic Albanian gunmen in the village of Staro Gračko.
* July 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1054 – Siward, Earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland, somewhere north of the Firth of Forth.
* 1189 – Friedrich Barbarossa arrives at Niš, the capital of Serbian King Ste ...
– Twenty-one people die in a canyoning
Canyoning (canyoneering in the United States, kloofing in South Africa) is a type of mountaineering that involves travelling in canyons using a variety of techniques that may include other outdoor activities such as walking, scrambling, climbin ...
disaster at the Saxetenbach Gorge near Interlaken
Interlaken (; lit.: ''between lakes'') is a Swiss town and municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern. It is an important and well-known tourist destination in the Bernese Oberland region of the Swiss A ...
, Switzerland.
* July 31 – NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil List of government space agencies, space program ...
intentionally crashes the Lunar Prospector spacecraft
A spacecraft is a vehicle or machine designed to fly in outer space. A type of artificial satellite, spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, including communications, Earth observation, meteorology, navigation, space colonization, p ...
into the Moon
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System and the largest and most massive relative to its parent planet, with a diameter about one-quarter that of Earth (comparable to the width of ...
, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the lunar surface.
August
*August 7
Events Pre-1600
* 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer.
* 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of Co ...
– Hundreds of Chechen guerrillas invade the Russian republic of Dagestan, triggering a short war.
* August 10
Events Pre-1600
* 654 – Pope Eugene I elected to succeed Martinus I.
* 955 – Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (german: Otto der Gro ...
– The Atlantique incident
Pakistan Navy Atlantic shootdown happened on 10 August 1999, when a Breguet Atlantic maritime patrol aircraft of the Pakistan Naval Air Arm was shot down by a MiG 21 fighter of the Indian Air Force over the Rann of Kutch, on the border between ...
occurs as an intruding Pakistan Navy plane is shot down in India, sparking tensions between the two nations, coming just a month after the end of the Kargil War
The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, was fought between India and Pakistan from May to July 1999 in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control (LoC). In India, the conflict is also referr ...
.
* August 11 – A total solar eclipse
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of the Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six month ...
is seen in Europe and Asia.
* August 16 – State Duma approved Putin as Prime Minister
* August 17
Events Pre-1600
*309/310 – Pope Eusebius is banished by the Emperor Maxentius to Sicily, where he dies, possibly from a hunger strike.
* 682 – Pope Leo II begins his pontificate.
* 986 – Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: Battle ...
– The 7.6 İzmit earthquake shakes northwestern Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
with a maximum Mercalli intensity
The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. It measures the eff ...
of IX (''Violent''), leaving more than 17,000 dead and around 50,000 injured.
* August 19
Events Pre-1600
*295 BC – The first temple to Venus, the Roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility, is dedicated by Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges during the Third Samnite War.
*43 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, later know ...
– In Belgrade, tens of thousands of Yugoslavs rally to demand the resignation of Yugoslav President Slobodan Milošević.
* August 26
Events Pre-1600
* 683 – Yazid I's army kills 11,000 people of Medina including notable Sahabas in Battle of al-Harrah.
*1071 – The Seljuq Turks defeat the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert, and soon gain control of most ...
– The Second Chechen War
The Second Chechen War (russian: Втора́я чече́нская война́, ) took place in Chechnya and the border regions of the North Caucasus between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, from August 1999 ...
begins
* August 30
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Titus ends the siege of Jerusalem after destroying Herod's Temple.
* 1282 – Peter III of Aragon lands at Trapani to intervene in the War of the Sicilian Vespers.
*1363 – The five-week Battle of Lake ...
– East Timor
East Timor (), also known as Timor-Leste (), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is an island country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the exclave of Oecusse on the island's north-west ...
votes for independence from Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
(which had invaded and occupied it since 1975) in a referendum.
September
*September 3
Events Pre-1600
*36 BC – In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompey, son of Pompey, thus ending Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate.
* 301 – San Marino, one of the ...
– 1999 Ontario Highway 401 crash
The September 3, 1999, Ontario Highway 401 crash, was a multiple-vehicle collision that resulted from dense fog conditions on a section of Ontario Highway 401 between Windsor and Tilbury. There were 87 vehicles involved in the pile-up in bot ...
occurs, involving 87 vehicles and killing 8.
* September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
*1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen.
*1191 – Third Cr ...
– The 6.0 Athens earthquake hits with a maximum Mercalli intensity
The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. It measures the eff ...
of IX (''Violent''), killing 143, injuring 800–1,600, and leaving 50,000 homeless.
* September 8
Events Pre-1600
* 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty.
*1100 – Election of Antipope Theodo ...
– The first of a series of Russian apartment bombings
The Russian apartment bombings were a series of explosions that hit four apartment blocks in the Russian cities of Buynaksk, Moscow and Volgodonsk in September 1999, killing more than 300, injuring more than 1,000, and spreading a wave of fear ...
occurs. Subsequent bombings occur on September 13 and 16, while a bombing on September 22 fails.
* September 12
Events Pre-1600
*490 BC – Battle of Marathon: The conventionally accepted date for the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians and their Plataean allies defeat the first Persian invasion force of Greece.
* 372 – Sixteen Kingdoms: Jin ...
– Under international pressure to allow an international peacekeeping force, Indonesian president BJ Habibie announces that he will do so.
* September 14
Events Pre-1600
*AD 81 – Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
* 629 – Emperor Heraclius enters Constantinople in triumph after his victory over the Persian Empire.
* 786 – "Night ...
– Kiribati
Kiribati (), officially the Republic of Kiribati ( gil, ibaberikiKiribati),Kiribati
''The Wor ...
, Nauru and ''The Wor ...
Tonga
Tonga (, ; ), officially the Kingdom of Tonga ( to, Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is a Polynesian country and archipelago. The country has 171 islands – of which 45 are inhabited. Its total surface area is about , scattered over in ...
join the United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
.
* September 21
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power.
* 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders.
* 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...
– The 921 earthquake
The Chi-Chi earthquake (later also known as the Jiji earthquake) (), also known as the great earthquake of September 21 (), was a 7.3 ML or 7.7 Mw earthquake which occurred in Jiji (Chi-Chi), Nantou County, Taiwan on Tuesday, 21 Se ...
, also known as the Jiji earthquake (magnitude 7.6 on the Richter scale), kills about 2,400 people in Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
.
October
* October ** Conacami, Peruvian indigenous rights organization is founded. **NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil List of government space agencies, space program ...
loses one of its probes, the ''Mars Climate Orbiter
The ''Mars Climate Orbiter'' (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter) was a robotic space probe launched by NASA on December 11, 1998, to study the Martian climate, Martian atmosphere, and surface changes and to act as the communications re ...
''.
* October 1
Events Pre-1600
* 331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
* 366 – Pope Damasus I is consecrated.
* 959 – Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadw ...
– Shanghai Pudong International Airport
Shanghai Pudong International Airport is one of two international airports serving Shanghai and a major aviation hub of East Asia. Pudong Airport serves both international flights and a smaller number of domestic fights, while the city's oth ...
opens in China, taking over all international flights from Hongqiao.
* October 5
Events Pre-1600
* 610 – Heraclius arrives at Constantinople, kills Byzantine Emperor Phocas, and becomes emperor.
* 816 – King Louis the Pious is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by the Pope.
* 869 – The Fourth Coun ...
– Thirty-one people die in the Ladbroke Grove rail crash, west of London, England.
* October 12
Events Pre-1600
* 539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire. (Julian calendar)
* 633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance u ...
– Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 243 million people, and has the world's second-lar ...
i Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif
Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu, Punjabi: ; born 25 December 1949) is a Pakistani businessman and politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan for three non-consecutive terms. He is the longest-serving prime minister of Pak ...
attempts to dismiss Army Chief General Pervez Musharraf
General Pervez Musharraf ( ur, , Parvez Muśharraf; born 11 August 1943) is a former Pakistani politician and four-star general of the Pakistan Army who became the tenth president of Pakistan after the successful military takeover of t ...
, who is out of the country. The generals lead a coup d'état
A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, m ...
, ousting Sharif's administration, and Musharraf takes control of the government.
* October 27
Events Pre-1600
* 312 – Constantine is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.
* 1275 – Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam.
* 1524 – French troops lay siege to Pavia.
* 1553 – Condemned as ...
– Gunmen open fire in the Armenia
Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ' ...
n Parliament, killing Prime Minister Vazgen Sargsyan
Vazgen Zaveni Sargsyan ( hy, Վազգեն Զավենի Սարգսյան, ; 5 March 1959 – 27 October 1999) was an Armenian military commander and politician. He was the first Defence Minister of Armenia from 1991 to 1992 and then from ...
, Parliament Chairman Karen Demirchyan, and six other members.
* October 29
Events Pre-1600
* 312 – Constantine the Great enters Rome after his victory at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, stages a grand '' adventus'' in the city, and is met with popular jubilation. Maxentius' body is fished out of the Tiber an ...
– A super cyclonic storm impacts Orissa, India, killing approximately 10,000 people.
* October 30
Events Pre-1600
* 637 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Antioch surrenders to the Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of the Iron Bridge.
* 758 – Guangzhou is sacked by Arab and Persian pirates.
*1137 – Ranulf of Apulia defeats Ro ...
– : A pub catches fire in Inchon, South Korea, killing 56 people.
* October 31
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Romulus Augustulus is proclaimed Western Roman Emperor.
* 683 – During the Siege of Mecca, the Kaaba catches fire and is burned down.
* 802 – Empress Irene is deposed and banished to Lesbos. Co ...
** EgyptAir Flight 990
EgyptAir Flight 990 (MS990/MSR990) was a regularly scheduled flight from Los Angeles International Airport to Cairo International Airport, with a stop at John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York City. On October 31, 1999, the Boeing 767-3 ...
, travelling from New York City to Cairo
Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the Capital city, capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, List of ...
, crashes off the coast of Nantucket, Massachusetts
Nantucket () is an island about south from Cape Cod. Together with the small islands of Tuckernuck Island, Tuckernuck and Muskeget, it constitutes the Town and County of Nantucket, a Consolidated city-county, combined county/town government t ...
, killing all 217 on board.
** Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
and several Lutheran Church leaders sign the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, attempting to resolve a centuries-old doctrinal dispute over the nature of faith
Faith, derived from Latin ''fides'' and Old French ''feid'', is confidence or trust in a person, thing, or In the context of religion, one can define faith as " belief in God or in the doctrines or teachings of religion".
Religious people ofte ...
and salvation
Salvation (from Latin: ''salvatio'', from ''salva'', 'safe, saved') is the state of being saved or protected from harm or a dire situation. In religion and theology, ''salvation'' generally refers to the deliverance of the soul from sin and its ...
.
November
*November 6
Events Pre-1600
* 447 – A powerful earthquake destroys large portions of the Walls of Constantinople, including 57 towers.
* 963 – Synod of Rome: Emperor Otto I calls a council at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Pope John XII is ...
– Australians defeat a referendum
A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...
proposing the replacement of the Queen and the Governor General with a President to make Australia a republic.
* November 12
Events Pre-1600
* 954 – The 13-year-old Lothair III is crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi as king of the West Frankish Kingdom.
*1028 – Future Byzantine empress Zoe takes the throne as empress consort to Romanos III Argyros.
* 13 ...
– The 7.2 1999 Düzce earthquake, Düzce earthquake shakes northwestern Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
with a maximum Mercalli intensity
The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. It measures the eff ...
of IX (''Violent''). At least 845 people are killed and almost 5,000 are injured.
* November 20 – China launches the first Shenzhou spacecraft.
* November 23 – The National Assembly (Kuwait), National Assembly of Kuwait revokes a 1985 law that granted women's suffrage.
* November 26 – The 7.5 1999 Ambrym earthquake, Ambrym earthquake shakes Vanuatu and a destructive tsunami follows, killing 10 and injuring 40.
* November 27 – The centre-left Labour Party (New Zealand), Labour Party takes control of the New Zealand government, with leader Helen Clark becoming the second female Prime Ministers of New Zealand, Prime Minister in New Zealand's history.
December
* December 3 ** After rowing for 81 days and 5,486 kilometers (2,962 nautical miles), Tori Murden becomes the first woman to cross the Atlantic Ocean by rowboat alone, when she reaches Guadeloupe from the Canary Islands. **NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil List of government space agencies, space program ...
loses radio contact with the Mars Polar Lander
The Mars Polar Lander, also known as the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander, was a 290-kilogram robotic spacecraft lander launched by NASA on January 3, 1999, to study the soil and climate of Planum Australe, a region near the south pole on Mars. It form ...
, moments before the spacecraft enters the Mars, Martian atmosphere.
* December 5 – 1999 Bolivian municipal elections, Bolivian municipal elections, the first election contested by Evo Morales' Movement for Socialism (Bolivia), Movement for Socialism.
* December 18 – NASA launches the Terra platform into orbit, carrying five Earth Observation instruments, including Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer, ASTER, Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System, CERES, MISR, MODIS and MOPITT.
* December 20 – The sovereignty of Macau is Transfer of the sovereignty of Macau, transferred from the Portuguese Republic to the People's Republic of China after 442 years of Portuguese settlement.
* December 26 – Cyclones Lothar and Martin kill 140 people as they cross France, southern Germany, and Switzerland.
* December 27 – Martin (storm), Storm Martin causes damage throughout France, Spain, Switzerland and Italy, including an emergency due to 1999 Blayais Nuclear Power Plant flood, flooding at the Blayais Nuclear Power Plant.
* December 31 – Boris Yeltsin resigns as president of Russia, leaving Prime Minister of Russia, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin as the acting president.
Births
January–February
* January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
** Gianluca Scamacca, Italian football player
** Diamond White (singer), Diamond White, American actress, voice artist, and singer
* January 4
** Daniel Arzani, Australian footballer
** Nico Hischier, Swiss ice hockey player
** Collin Sexton, American basketball player
* January 6
** Polo G, American rapper
** Elena Radionova, Russian figure skater
* January 8 – Damiano David, Italian singer-songwriter
* January 9 – Li Zhuhao, Chinese swimmer
* January 12
** Nicolás Schiappacasse, Uruguayan footballer
** Xavier Tillman, American basketball player
* January 18 – Karan Brar, American actor
* January 25 – Jai Waetford, Australian singer
* February 7
Events Pre-1600
* 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor.
* 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II.
* 1301 &nd ...
– Bea Miller, American actress, singer, and songwriter
* February 10 – Tiffany Espensen, Chinese-American actress
* February 11 – Andriy Lunin, Ukrainian footballer
* February 14 – Tyler Adams, American soccer player
* February 20 – Lea van Acken, German actress
* February 21 – Metawin Opas-iamkajorn, Thai actor and singer
* February 25 – Gianluigi Donnarumma, Italian footballer
* February 28 – Luka Dončić, Slovenian basketball player
March–April
* March 2 – Abdullah Al-Qwabani, Yemeni long-distance runner
* March 5
** Madison Beer, American singer
** Yeri (singer), Yeri, South Korean singer
* March 6 – Abdul Hakim Sani Brown, Japanese athlete
* March 14 – Marvin Bagley III, American basketball player
* March 16 – Antonis Stergiakis, Greek footballer
* March 19 – Jack Higgins (Australian footballer), Jack Higgins, Australian rules footballer
* March 22 – Mick Schumacher, German racing driver
* March 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6.
*1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margate o ...
– Arina Openysheva, Russian swimmer
* March 25 – Jin Ji-hee, South Korean actress
* April 4 – Sheku Kanneh-Mason, British cellist
* April 5 – Maria Astashkina, Russian swimmer
* April 8
** CiCi Bellis, American tennis player
** José Gomes (footballer, born 1999), José Gomes, Portuguese footballer
* April 9
Events Pre-1600
* 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum.
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, su ...
– Lil Nas X, American rapper, singer, and songwriter
* April 14
Events Pre-1600
* 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum.
* 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
– Chase Young, American football player
* April 15 – Denis Shapovalov, Canadian tennis player
* April 16 – Wendell Carter Jr., American basketball player
* April 18 – Michael Andrew (swimmer), Michael Andrew, American swimmer
* April 19 – Corentin Moutet, French tennis player
* April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
*1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
*1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys ...
– Carly Rose Sonenclar, American actress and singer
* April 30
Events Pre-1600
*311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends.
*1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois.
*1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus hi ...
– Jorden van Foreest, Dutch chess grandmaster
May–June
* May 5
** Justin Kluivert, Dutch footballer
** Nathan Chen, American figure skater
* May 8
** Maykel Massó, Cuban long jumper
** Rebeca Andrade, Brazilian artistic gymnast
* May 11 – Sabrina Carpenter, American actress, singer, and songwriter
* May 18 – Teo Halm, American actor and singer
* May 22 – Camren Bicondova, American actress and dancer
* May 24 – Charlie Plummer, American actor
* May 25 – Ibrahima Konaté, French footballer
* May 27
** Lily-Rose Depp, French-American actress and model
** Maria Kameneva, Russian swimmer
* May 30 – Sean Giambrone, American actor
* June 1
Events Pre-1600
*1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
* 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed k ...
– Dmitri Aliev, Russian figure skater
* June 11
** Kai Havertz, German footballer
** Saxon Sharbino, American actress
* June 14 – Tzuyu, Taiwanese singer
* June 17 – Elena Rybakina, Russian–Kazakh tennis player
* June 18
Events Pre-1600
* 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China.
* 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
* 860 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about ...
– Trippie Redd, American rapper
* June 21 – Natalie Alyn Lind, American actress
* June 24
Events Pre-1600
*1312 BC – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa.
* 109 – Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, northwest of Rome. ...
– Mads Roerslev, Danish footballer
* June 27 – Chandler Riggs, American actor
* June 29 – Nikita Volodin, Russian pair skater
July–August
* July 2 – Nicolò Zaniolo, Italian footballer
* July 4 – Moa Kikuchi, Japanese singer and dancer
* July 6 – Denis Khodykin, Russian pair skater
* July 10
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina.
* 645 – Isshi Incident: Prin ...
** April Ivy, Portuguese singer and composer
** Matthew Real, Brazilian-American soccer player
* July 12 – Nur Dhabitah Sabri, Malaysian diver
* July 13 – Leong Jun Hao, Malaysian badminton player
* July 15 – Seda Tutkhalyan, Russian artistic gymnast
* July 17 – Lisandro Cuxi, Portuguese-French singer
* July 19 – Kim So-hye, South Korean actress and singer
* July 20
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots.
* 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defea ...
** Princess Alexandra of Hanover (born 1999), Princess Alexandra of Hanover
** Ellie Downie, British artistic gymnast
* July 30 – Joey King, American actress
* August 2 – Emma Bale, Belgian singer
* August 3 – Yoo Yeon-jung, South Korean singer
* August 7
Events Pre-1600
* 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer.
* 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of Co ...
– Sydney McLaughlin, American hurdler and sprinter
* August 9 – Deniss Vasiļjevs, Latvian figure skater
* August 11
** Kevin Knox (basketball), Kevin Knox, American basketball player
** Mary-Sophie Harvey, Canadian swimmer
* August 12 – Matthijs de Ligt, Dutch footballer
* August 16 – Karen Chen, American figure skater
* August 22 – Dakota Goyo, Canadian actor
* August 26
Events Pre-1600
* 683 – Yazid I's army kills 11,000 people of Medina including notable Sahabas in Battle of al-Harrah.
*1071 – The Seljuq Turks defeat the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert, and soon gain control of most ...
– Leonie Kullmann, German swimmer
* August 27
** Mitchell van Bergen, Dutch footballer
** Mile Svilar, Belgian footballer
* August 28 – Prince Nikolai of Denmark
* August 31 – Miomir Kecmanović, Serbian tennis player
September–October
* September 3
Events Pre-1600
*36 BC – In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompey, son of Pompey, thus ending Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate.
* 301 – San Marino, one of the ...
– Rich Brian, Indonesian rapper
* September 4 – Ellie Darcey-Alden, English actress
* September 5 – Alexey Erokhov, Russian figure skater
* September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
*1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen.
*1191 – Third Cr ...
– Michelle Creber, Canadian actress and singer
* September 8
Events Pre-1600
* 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty.
*1100 – Election of Antipope Theodo ...
– Shubman Gill, Indian cricketer
* September 13 – Ekaterina Borisova, Russian pair skater
* September 16 – Mao Yi, Chinese gymnast
* September 17 – Daniel Huttlestone, English actor
* September 21
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power.
* 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders.
* 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...
** Alexander Isak, Swedish footballer
** Wang Junkai, Chinese singer
* September 22
** Kim Yoo-jung, South Korean actress
** Erin Pitt, Canadian actress
* September 30 – Flávia Saraiva, Brazilian artistic gymnast
* October 1
Events Pre-1600
* 331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
* 366 – Pope Damasus I is consecrated.
* 959 – Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadw ...
– Christopher Taylor (sprinter), Christopher Taylor, Jamaican sprinter
* October 14
** Wu Yibing, Chinese tennis player
** Laura Zeng, American rhythmic gymnast
* October 15
** Bailee Madison, American actress
** Alexei Sancov, Moldovan swimmer
** Ben Woodburn, British footballer
* October 17 – Gabrielle Fa'amausili, New Zealand swimmer
* October 19 – Carlotta Truman, German singer
* October 20 – YoungBoy Never Broke Again, American rapper
* October 27
Events Pre-1600
* 312 – Constantine is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.
* 1275 – Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam.
* 1524 – French troops lay siege to Pavia.
* 1553 – Condemned as ...
– Amy Tinkler, British artistic gymnast
* October 30
Events Pre-1600
* 637 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Antioch surrenders to the Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of the Iron Bridge.
* 758 – Guangzhou is sacked by Arab and Persian pirates.
*1137 – Ranulf of Apulia defeats Ro ...
– Wang Yan (gymnast), Wang Yan, Chinese gymnast
November–December
* November 9 – Karol Sevilla, Mexican actress and singer
* November 10
** Armand Duplantis, American-born Swedish pole vaulter
** João Félix, Portuguese footballer
** Kiernan Shipka, American actress
* November 11 – Fan Yilin, Chinese artistic gymnast
* November 12
Events Pre-1600
* 954 – The 13-year-old Lothair III is crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi as king of the West Frankish Kingdom.
*1028 – Future Byzantine empress Zoe takes the throne as empress consort to Romanos III Argyros.
* 13 ...
– Choi Yoo-jung (singer), Choi Yoo-jung, South Korean singer and songwriter
* November 13 – Lando Norris, British racing driver
* November 19 – Evgenia Medvedeva, Russian figure skater
* November 26 – Olivia O'Brien, American singer
* December 4
** Kang Mi-na, South Korean singer and actress
** Kim Do-yeon (singer), Kim Do-yeon, South Korean singer
* December 22 – Ameer Idreis, Canadian author
* December 29 – Nadine Joy Nathan, Singaporean artistic gymnast
Deaths
January
* January 4 – Iron Eyes Cody, Italian-American actor (b. 1904)
* January 6 – Michel Petrucciani, French jazz pianist and composer (b. 1962)
* January 11
** Teuvo Aura, Finnish politician, 33rd Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1912)
** Fabrizio De André, Italian singer and songwriter (b. 1940)
** Brian Moore (novelist), Brian Moore, Northern Irish-Canadian writer (b. 1921)
* January 12 – Betty Lou Gerson, American actress (b. 1914)
* January 14 – Jerzy Grotowski, Polish theatre director (b. 1933)
* January 21 – Susan Strasberg, American actress (b. 1938)
* January 22 – Graham Staines, Australian missionary (b. 1941)
* January 23 – Joe D'Amato, Italian film director, producer, cinematographer, and screenwriter (b. 1936)
* January 25 – Robert Shaw (conductor), Robert Shaw, American conductor (b. 1916)
February
* February 1 – Barış Manço, Turkish singer and television personality (b. 1943)
* February 2 - Deborah Makepeace, English actress (b. 1957).
* February 5 – Wassily Leontief, Russian economist (b. 1906)
* February 7
Events Pre-1600
* 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor.
* 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II.
* 1301 &nd ...
** King Hussein of Jordan
Hussein bin Talal ( ar, الحسين بن طلال, ''Al-Ḥusayn ibn Ṭalāl''; 14 November 1935 – 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of ...
(b. 1935)
** Bobby Troup, American actor, jazz pianist, singer and songwriter (b. 1918)
* February 8 – Dame Iris Murdoch, Anglo-Irish author (b. 1919)
* February 12
Events Pre-1600
*1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna.
*1429 – English forces under ...
– Heinz Schubert (actor), Heinz Schubert, German actor and photographer (b. 1925)
* February 14
** Buddy Knox, American singer and songwriter (b. 1933)
** John Ehrlichman, American Watergate scandal figure (b. 1925)
* February 15
** Big L, American rapper (b. 1974)
** Henry Way Kendall, American physicist (b. 1926)
* February 16
Events Pre-1600
*1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire.
*1270 – Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battle of Kar ...
– Björn Afzelius, Swedish singer, songwriter and guitarist (b. 1947)
* February 18 – Andreas Feininger, French-born photographer (b. 1906)
* February 20
** Sarah Kane, English playwright (b. 1971)
** Gene Siskel, American film critic (b. 1946)
* February 21 – Gertrude B. Elion, American biochemist and pharmacologist (b. 1918)
* February 25 – Glenn T. Seaborg, American chemist (b. 1912)
* February 28
** Bing Xin, Chinese author and poet (b. 1900)
** Bill Talbert, American tennis player (b. 1918)
March
* March 2 – Dusty Springfield, English pop singer (b. 1939)
* March 3
** Jackson C. Frank, American folk musician (b. 1943)
** Gerhard Herzberg, German-born chemist (b. 1904)
* March 4
** Harry Blackmun, American judge, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (b. 1908)
** Fritz Honegger, Swiss politician, 79th President of Switzerland (b. 1917)
* March 5 – Richard Kiley, American actor (b. 1922)
* March 6
** Dennis Viollet, English footballer (b. 1933)
** Emir Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa of Bahrain (b. 1931)
* March 7 – Stanley Kubrick, American film director and producer (b. 1928)
* March 8
** Adolfo Bioy Casares, Argentine writer (b. 1914)
** Peggy Cass, American actress, comedian, and game show panelist (b. 1924)
** Joe DiMaggio, American baseball player (b. 1914)
* March 10
** Oswaldo Guayasamín, Ecuadorian painter and sculptor (b. 1919)
** Kusumagraj, Indian poet, playwright and novelist (b. 1912)
* March 12 – Yehudi Menuhin, American violinist (b. 1916)
* March 13 – Garson Kanin, American playwright and screenwriter (b. 1912)
* March 14 – Kirk Alyn, American actor (b. 1910)
* March 17
** Ernest Gold (composer), Ernest Gold, Austrian-born composer (b. 1921)
** Humberto Fernández-Morán, Venezuelan research scientist (b. 1924)
** Hildegard Peplau, American nurse and theorist (b. 1909)
* March 19 – Tofilau Eti Alesana, Samoan politician, 6th Prime Minister of Samoa (b. 1924)
* March 21
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...
** Jean Guitton, French philosopher (b. 1901)
** Ernie Wise, English comedian (b. 1925)
* March 22 – David Strickland, American actor (b. 1969)
* March 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6.
*1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margate o ...
– Gertrud Scholtz-Klink, German politician (b. 1902)
* March 29
Events Pre-1600
* 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.
* 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...
– Joe Williams (jazz singer), Joe Williams, American singer (b. 1918)
* March 30 – Igor Netto, Soviet–Russian footballer (b. 1930)
* March 31 – Yuri Knorozov, Russian linguist and epigrapher (b. 1922)
April
* April 4
** Faith Domergue, American actress (b. 1924)
** Jumabek Ibraimov, 5th Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (b. 1944)
** Bob Peck, English actor (b. 1945)
* April 9
Events Pre-1600
* 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum.
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, su ...
– Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara
General Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara (May 9, 1949 – April 9, 1999) was a military officer and diplomat in Niger who ruled the country from his seizure of power in 1996 until his assassination during the military coup of April 1999.
Baré Maïn ...
, Nigerese military officer, 5th President of Niger (b. 1949)
* April 10 – Jean Vander Pyl, American actress (b. 1919)
* April 13 – Willi Stoph, German politician, 2-time Prime Minister of East Germany, Prime Minister of the German Democratic Republic (b. 1914)
* April 14
Events Pre-1600
* 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum.
* 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
** Ellen Corby, American actress (b. 1911)
** Anthony Newley, English actor, singer and songwriter (b. 1931)
* April 15 – Harvey Postlethwaite, English engineer and race car designer (b. 1944)
* April 16 – Skip Spence, Canadian-American singer and songwriter (b. 1946)
* April 19 – Hermine Braunsteiner, German Nazi prison guard (b. 1919)
* April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
*1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
*1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys ...
** Rick Rude, American professional wrestler (b. 1958)
** 15 people (13 victims and Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, 2 perpetrators) who died in the Columbine High School massacre
* April 21 – Charles "Buddy" Rogers, American actor (b. 1904)
* April 22 – Bert Remsen, American actor (b. 1925)
* April 25
** Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin, Michael Morris, Irish journalist and 6th President of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1914)
** Roger Troutman, American funk musician (b. 1951)
* April 26
Events Pre-1600
* 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
*1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe.
* 1 ...
– Jill Dando
Jill Wendy Dando (9 November 1961 – 26 April 1999) was an English journalist, television presenter and newsreader. She spent most of her career at the BBC and was the corporation's Personality of the Year in 1997. At the time of her death, her ...
, British television journalist (b. 1961
Events January
* January 3
** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015).
** Aero Flight 311 (K ...
)
* April 27 – Al Hirt, American trumpeter and bandleader (b. 1922)
* April 28
** Rory Calhoun, American actor (b. 1922)
** Arthur Leonard Schawlow, American physicist (b. 1921)
** Alf Ramsey, English footballer and manager (b. 1920)
May
* May 2 – Oliver Reed, English actor (b. 1938)
* May 8
** Dana Plato, American actress (b. 1964)
** Dirk Bogarde, English actor (b. 1921)
* May 10 – Shel Silverstein, American author and poet (b. 1930)
* May 12
Events Pre-1600
* 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism.
* 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...
– Saul Steinberg, Romanian-born cartoonist (b. 1914)
* May 13
Events Pre-1600
*1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book '' Revelations of Divine Love''.
* 1501 – Amerigo Vespu ...
– Gene Sarazen, American golfer (b. 1902)
* May 17
Events Pre-1600
*1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army.
*1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason.
* 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...
– Henry Jones (actor), Henry Jones, American actor (b. 1912)
* May 18 – Betty Robinson, American athlete (b. 1911)
* May 19 – Candy Candido, American voice actor (b. 1913)
* May 21 – Vanessa Brown, Austrian-born American actress (b. 1928)
* May 23 – Owen Hart, Canadian professional wrestler (b. 1965)
* May 26
Events Pre-1600
* 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe.
* 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire tak ...
– Paul Sacher, Swiss conductor (b. 1906)
June
* June 1
Events Pre-1600
*1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
* 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed k ...
– Christopher Cockerell, English engineer (b. 1910)
* June 5 – Mel Tormé, American singer (b. 1925)
* June 9
Events Pre-1600
*411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy.
* 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia.
* 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending th ...
– Andrew L. Stone, American screenwriter, director and producer (b. 1902)
* June 11 – DeForest Kelley, American actor (b. 1920)
* June 12
Events Pre-1600
* 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors.
* 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of Fr ...
– Sergey Khlebnikov, Soviet speed skater (b. 1955)
* June 16
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians.
* 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king ...
– Screaming Lord Sutch, English politician (b. 1940)
* June 17
** Basil Hume, English cardinal (b. 1923)
** Paul-Émile de Souza, Beninese army officer and political figure (b. 1930)
* June 19
Events Pre-1600
* 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea.
*1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle chan ...
** Henri, Count of Paris (1908–1999), Henri, Count of Paris, French nobleman (b. 1908)
** Mario Soldati, Italian writer and film director (b. 1906)
* June 25
Events Pre-1600
* 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
** Fred Trump, American real estate developer (b. 1905)
** Yevgeny Morgunov, Soviet and Russian actor, film director, and script writer (b. 1927)
* June 27
** Siegfried Lowitz, German actor (b. 1914)
** Georgios Papadopoulos, 69th Prime Minister of Greece and 4th President of Greece (b. 1919)
* June 28 – Vere Bird, 1st Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (b. 1910)
* June 30
Events Pre-1600
* 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
* 763 – The Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus.
*1422 – Battle of Arbedo between the duke of Milan ...
– Édouard Boubat, French photojournalist and art photographer (b. 1923)
July
* July 1
** Dennis Brown, Jamaican reggae singer (b. 1957)
** Edward Dmytryk, American film director (b. 1908)
** Guy Mitchell, American singer (b. 1927)
** Joshua Nkomo, Zimbabwean politician (b. 1917)
** Sylvia Sidney, American actress (b. 1910)
* July 2 – Mario Puzo, American author (b. 1920)
* July 3 – Mark Sandman, American rock musician and artist (b. 1952)
* July 6 – Joaquín Rodrigo, Spanish composer (b. 1901)
* July 8
** Pete Conrad, American astronaut (b. 1930)
** Frank Lubin, Lithuanian-American basketball player (b. 1910)
** Shafik Wazzan, 27th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1925)
* July 11
Events Pre-1600
* 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.
* 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, ...
– Helen Forrest, American jazz singer (b. 1917)
* July 12
** Rajendra Kumar, Indian film actor, producer and director (b. 1929)
** Bill Owen (actor), Bill Owen, English actor (b. 1914)
* July 14
** Władysław Hasior, Polish sculptor (b. 1928)
** Gar Samuelson, American drummer (b. 1958)
* July 16
** John F. Kennedy Jr., American lawyer, journalist, and magazine publisher (b. 1960)
** Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy, American actress and model (b. 1966)
* July 20
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots.
* 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defea ...
– Sandra Gould, American actress (b. 1916)
* July 21 – David Ogilvy (businessman), David Ogilvy, French Advertising executive (b. 1911)
* July 23
Events Pre-1600
* 811 – Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures Khan Krum's treasury.
*1319 – A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet off Chios. 1 ...
– King Hassan II of Morocco (b. 1929)
* July 26 – Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist (b. 1911)
* July 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1054 – Siward, Earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland, somewhere north of the Firth of Forth.
* 1189 – Friedrich Barbarossa arrives at Niš, the capital of Serbian King Ste ...
** Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, Soviet/Russian mathematician, physicist and philosopher (b. 1912)
** Phaedon Gizikis, Greek general, 5th President of Greece (b. 1917)
* July 29 – Anatoliy Solovianenko, Soviet operatic tenor (b. 1932)
August
* August 1 – Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Bengali writer (b. 1897)
* August 4 – Victor Mature, American actor (b. 1913)
* August 7
Events Pre-1600
* 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer.
* 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of Co ...
– Brion James, American actor (b. 1945)
* August 10
Events Pre-1600
* 654 – Pope Eugene I elected to succeed Martinus I.
* 955 – Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (german: Otto der Gro ...
– Giuseppe Delfino, Italian fencer (b. 1921)
* August 11 – Henk Chin A Sen, 2nd Prime Minister of Suriname (b. 1934)
* August 13 – Jaime Garzón, Colombian journalist and comedian (b. 1960)
* August 14 – Pee Wee Reese, American baseball player (b. 1918)
* August 17
Events Pre-1600
*309/310 – Pope Eusebius is banished by the Emperor Maxentius to Sicily, where he dies, possibly from a hunger strike.
* 682 – Pope Leo II begins his pontificate.
* 986 – Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: Battle ...
– Reiner Klimke, German equestrian (b. 1936)
* August 22 – Aleksandr Demyanenko, Russian film and theater actor (b. 1937)
* August 23 – James White (author), James White, Irish writer (b. 1928)
September
* September 6 – Lagumot Harris, 3rd President of Nauru (b. 1938)
* September 8
Events Pre-1600
* 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty.
*1100 – Election of Antipope Theodo ...
– Moondog, American musician and composer (b. 1916)
* September 9 – Ruth Roman, American actress (b. 1922)
* September 10 – Alfredo Kraus, Spanish tenor (b. 1927)
* September 11 – Gonzalo Rodríguez (racing driver), Gonzalo Rodríguez, Uruguayan racing driver (b. 1972)
* September 12
Events Pre-1600
*490 BC – Battle of Marathon: The conventionally accepted date for the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians and their Plataean allies defeat the first Persian invasion force of Greece.
* 372 – Sixteen Kingdoms: Jin ...
– Allen Stack, American swimmer (b. 1928)
* September 14
Events Pre-1600
*AD 81 – Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
* 629 – Emperor Heraclius enters Constantinople in triumph after his victory over the Persian Empire.
* 786 – "Night ...
– Charles Crichton, English film director (b. 1910)
* September 20 – Raisa Gorbacheva, Soviet first lady (b. 1932)
* September 22 – George C. Scott, American actor (b. 1927)
* September 24 – Ester Boserup, Danish economist (b. 1910)
* September 25 – Marion Zimmer Bradley, American writer (b. 1930)
October
* October 2 – Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani, Albanian Islamic scholar (b. 1914)
* October 3 – Akio Morita, Japanese businessman (b. 1921)
* October 4
** Bernard Buffet, French painter (b. 1928)
** Art Farmer, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1928)
* October 6
** Gorilla Monsoon, American professional wrestler and announcer (b. 1937)
** Amália Rodrigues, Portuguese fado singer and actress (b. 1920)
* October 9
** Milt Jackson, American musician (b. 1923)
** Akhtar Hameed Khan, Pakistani businessman (b. 1914)
* October 11 – Galina Bystrova, Soviet athlete (b. 1934)
* October 12
Events Pre-1600
* 539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire. (Julian calendar)
* 633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance u ...
– Wilt Chamberlain, American professional basketball player (b. 1936)
* October 14 – Julius Nyerere, 1st President of Tanzania (b. 1922)
* October 17 – Nicholas Metropolis, Greek-American physicist (b. 1915)
* October 19 – Nathalie Sarraute, Russian-born Francophone lawyer and writer (b. 1900)
* October 20 – Jack Lynch, Taoiseach of Ireland (b. 1917)
* October 21 – John Bromwich, Australian tennis player (b. 1918)
* October 23 – András Hegedüs, Hungarian politician, 45th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1922)
* October 24 – John Chafee, American politician (b. 1922)
* October 25 – Payne Stewart, American golfer (b. 1957)
* October 26
** Hoyt Axton, American singer and actor (b. 1938)
** Abraham Polonsky, American screenwriter and director (b. 1910)
* October 27
Events Pre-1600
* 312 – Constantine is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.
* 1275 – Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam.
* 1524 – French troops lay siege to Pavia.
* 1553 – Condemned as ...
** Frank De Vol, American arranger, composer, and actor (b. 1911)
** Karen Demirchyan, Speaker of the National Assembly of Armenia (b. 1932)
** Robert Mills (physicist), Robert Mills, American physicist (b. 1927)
** Leonard Petrosyan, 3rd Prime Minister of Artsakh (b. 1953)
** Vazgen Sargsyan
Vazgen Zaveni Sargsyan ( hy, Վազգեն Զավենի Սարգսյան, ; 5 March 1959 – 27 October 1999) was an Armenian military commander and politician. He was the first Defence Minister of Armenia from 1991 to 1992 and then from ...
, Armenian military commander and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Armenia (assassinated) (b. 1959)
* October 28 – Rafael Alberti, Spanish poet (b. 1902)
* October 31
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Romulus Augustulus is proclaimed Western Roman Emperor.
* 683 – During the Siege of Mecca, the Kaaba catches fire and is burned down.
* 802 – Empress Irene is deposed and banished to Lesbos. Co ...
– Greg Moore (racing driver), Greg Moore, Canadian race car driver (b. 1975)
November
* November 1
** Bhekimpi Dlamini, 4th Prime Minister of Swaziland (b. 1924)
** Theodore Hall, American physicist and spy (b. 1925)
** Walter Payton, American football player (b. 1954)
* November 2 – Demetrio B. Lakas, 27th President of Panama (b. 1925)
* November 3 – Ian Bannen, Scottish actor (b. 1928)
* November 8 – Leon Štukelj, Slovene gymnast (b. 1898)
* November 11
** Mary Kay Bergman, American voice actress (b. 1961
Events January
* January 3
** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015).
** Aero Flight 311 (K ...
)
** Vivian Fuchs, English geologist (b. 1908)
** Jacobo Timerman, Argentine journalist and author (b. 1923)
* November 12
Events Pre-1600
* 954 – The 13-year-old Lothair III is crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi as king of the West Frankish Kingdom.
*1028 – Future Byzantine empress Zoe takes the throne as empress consort to Romanos III Argyros.
* 13 ...
– Mohammad Mohammadullah, 3rd President of Bangladesh (b. 1921)
* November 16 – Daniel Nathans, American microbiologist (b. 1928)
* November 18
** Paul Bowles, American novelist (b. 1910)
** Horst P. Horst, American photographer (b. 1906)
** Doug Sahm, American musician (b. 1941)
* November 20 – Amintore Fanfani, Italian politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1908)
* November 21 – Quentin Crisp, English writer (b. 1908)
December
* December 1 – Fritz Fischer, German historian (b. 1908)
* December 2 – Charlie Byrd, American jazz musician and classical guitarist (b. 1925)
* December 3
** John Archer (actor), John Archer, American actor (b. 1915)
** Scatman John, American musician (b. 1942)
** Madeline Kahn, American actress, singer and comedian (b. 1942)
* December 4 – Nilde Iotti, Italian politician (b. 1920)
* December 5 – Nathan Jacobson, American mathematician (b. 1910)
* December 7 – Darling Légitimus, French actress (b. 1907)
* December 9 – Yakov Rylsky, Soviet sabre fencer (b. 1928)
* December 10
** Rick Danko, Canadian musician (b. 1943)
** Franjo Tuđman, 1st President of Croatia (b. 1922)
* December 12
** Paul Cadmus, American artist (b. 1904)
** Joseph Heller, American novelist (b. 1923)
* December 13 – Stane Dolanc, Yugoslav politician (b. 1925)
* December 17
** Rex Allen, American actor, singer, and songwriter (b. 1920)
** Jürgen Moser, German-American mathematician (b. 1928)
** Grover Washington Jr., American saxophonist (b. 1943)
* December 18 – Robert Bresson, French filmmaker (b. 1901)
* December 19 – Desmond Llewelyn, British actor (b. 1914)
* December 20
** Irving Rapper, American film director (b. 1898)
** Riccardo Freda, Italian film director (b. 1909)
** Hank Snow, Canadian-American country musician (b. 1914)
* December 23
** John P. Davies, American diplomat (b. 1908)
** Wallace Diestelmeyer, Canadian skater (b. 1926)
* December 24
** Tito Guízar, Mexican singer and film actor (b. 1908)
** Bill Bowerman, American track and field coach, co-founder of Nike, Inc., Nike (b. 1911)
** Maurice Couve de Murville, 152nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1907)
** João Figueiredo, Brazilian military leader and politician, 30th President of Brazil (b. 1918)
** Grete Stern, German-Argentine photographer (b. 1904)
* December 26
** Curtis Mayfield, American musician and composer (b. 1942)
** Shankar Dayal Sharma, 9th President of India (b. 1918)
* December 27 – Pierre Clémenti, French actor (b. 1942)
* December 28 – Clayton Moore, American actor (b. 1914)
* December 30
** Fritz Leonhardt, German structural engineer (b. 1909)
** Sarah Knauss, American supercentenarian (b. 1880)
* December 31 – Elliot Richardson, American politician and lawyer (b. 1920)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Gerardus 't Hooft and Martinus J. G. Veltman * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Ahmed H. Zewail * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Günter Blobel * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Günter Grass * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Médecins Sans Frontières * Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel – Robert MundellNew English words and terms
* ''blog'' * ''carbon footprint'' * ''dashcam'' * ''epigenomics'' *''metabolomics'' *''texting'' * ''vape''References
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:1999 1999,