The 1997 Umbria and Marche earthquake occurred in the regions of
Umbria
it, Umbro (man) it, Umbra (woman)
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and
Marche
Marche ( , ) is one of the twenty regions of Italy. In English, the region is sometimes referred to as The Marches ( ). The region is located in the central area of the country, bordered by Emilia-Romagna and the republic of San Marino to the ...
,
central
Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object.
Central may also refer to:
Directions and generalised locations
* Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
on the morning of September 26. It was preceded by a
foreshock
A foreshock is an earthquake that occurs before a larger seismic event (the mainshock) and is related to it in both time and space. The designation of an earthquake as ''foreshock'', ''mainshock'' or aftershock is only possible after the full sequ ...
almost as strong as the main quake. The foreshock occurred at 02:33
CEST CEST or cest may refer to:
* Central European Summer Time (UTC+2), daylight saving time observed in the central European time zone
* Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory
* Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer, a subset of Magnetization transfer in ...
(00:33 UTC), rated , and the second – the main shock – occurred at 11:40 CEST (09:40 UTC), rated . Their epicentre was in
Annifo
Annifo is a ''frazione'' of the ''comune'' of Foligno, Umbria, central Italy. It is located at 874 m. According to the National Institute of Statistics (Italy), Istat census of 2001, it has 244 inhabitants.
References
Frazioni ...
. The mainshock was assigned X (''Extreme'') and foreshock VIII (''Severe'') on the Mercalli intensity scale.
There were several thousands of
foreshock
A foreshock is an earthquake that occurs before a larger seismic event (the mainshock) and is related to it in both time and space. The designation of an earthquake as ''foreshock'', ''mainshock'' or aftershock is only possible after the full sequ ...
s and
aftershock
In seismology, an aftershock is a smaller earthquake that follows a larger earthquake, in the same area of the main shock, caused as the displaced crust adjusts to the effects of the main shock. Large earthquakes can have hundreds to thousand ...
s from May 1997 to April 1998, more than thirty of which had a magnitude more than 3.5. Eleven people are known to have died following the shocks.
List of foreshocks and aftershocks
Only shocks (both
foreshock
A foreshock is an earthquake that occurs before a larger seismic event (the mainshock) and is related to it in both time and space. The designation of an earthquake as ''foreshock'', ''mainshock'' or aftershock is only possible after the full sequ ...
s and
aftershock
In seismology, an aftershock is a smaller earthquake that follows a larger earthquake, in the same area of the main shock, caused as the displaced crust adjusts to the effects of the main shock. Large earthquakes can have hundreds to thousand ...
s) with magnitude 5.0 or higher are listed.
See also
*
List of earthquakes in 1997
This is a list of earthquakes in 1997. Only earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above are included, unless they result in damage or casualties, or are notable for some other reason. All dates are listed according to UTC time. Maximum intensities are ind ...
*
List of earthquakes in Italy
This is a list of earthquakes in Italy that had epicentres in Italy, or significantly affected the country. The highest seismicity hazard in Italy was concentrated in the central-southern part of the peninsula, along the Apennine Mountains, Apen ...
*
Earthquake engineering
Earthquake engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that designs and analyzes structures, such as buildings and bridges, with earthquakes in mind. Its overall goal is to make such structures more resistant to earthquakes. An earth ...
Notes
Further reading
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External links
CFTI4medEarthquake Assisi, Italy - Terremoto Assisi, Italia 1997- The only existing video footage of the quake, showing the moment it destroyed the
Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
The Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi ( it, Basilica di San Francesco d'Assisi; la, Basilica Sancti Francisci Assisiensis) is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Order of Friars Minor Conventual in Assisi, a town in the Umbria region in ce ...
.
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{{Authority control
Umbria and Marche earthquake
Umbria and Marche earthquake
1997 Umbria and Marche earthquake
Filmed deaths during natural disasters
September 1997 events in Europe
1997 disasters in Italy