The 1994 Sabah state election was held between Friday, 18 February and Saturday, 19 February 1994. Nomination day was 7 February 1994. The election was one of the most controversial election in Sabah's political history. The election was won by the incumbent ruling party (although the
opposition
Opposition may refer to:
Arts and media
* ''Opposition'' (Altars EP), 2011 EP by Christian metalcore band Altars
* The Opposition (band), a London post-punk band
* '' The Opposition with Jordan Klepper'', a late-night television series on Com ...
at federal level)
Parti Bersatu Sabah
The United Sabah Party ( ms, Parti Bersatu Sabah, abbreviated PBS) is a political party of Sabah. The PBS was founded by Joseph Pairin Kitingan in 1985 and it is Sabah's oldest local party. In August 2020, PBS confirmed that they would be using ...
(PBS), winning 25 state electorates against 23 won by the federal government's ruling
Barisan Nasional
The National Front ( ms, Barisan Nasional; abbrev: BN) is a political coalition of Malaysia that was founded in 1973 as a coalition of centre-right and right-wing political parties. It is also the third largest political coalition with 30 ...
coalition. However, due to
defections by elected PBS assemblymen by way of establishments of new parties aligned to BN shortly after the election, PBS was forced out of power resulting in BN forming government in Sabah. The outcome of this election and the defections resulted in the term ''katak'' being coined in, the literal meaning of which is "frog", due to the actions of PBS members "jumping" to another political party.
After the election, PBS president
Joseph Pairin Kitingan
Tan Sri Datuk Seri Panglima Joseph Pairin Kitingan (born 17 August 1940) is a Malaysian politician who served as the 7th Chief Minister of Sabah from April 1985 to March 1994 and Member of Parliament (MP) for Keningau from August 1986 to May ...
was sworn in as chief minister of Sabah. However, as a result of defections of PBS assemblymen to the BN, Pairin was forced to resign on 17 March 1994.
PBS was left with 5 seats. Bernard Dompok formed PDS with 18 seats joined BN (PDS later changed name to UPKO). Joseph Kurup left PBS and formed PBRS. Jeffery Kitingan also left PBS and joined AKAR.
Before the election, PBS had already produced 2 splinters, SAPP and AKAR, both which had contested under BN.
Results
, -
! rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Party
! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Candidates
! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Vote
! colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats
, -
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , %
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Won
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , %
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , +/–
, -
, style="background-color: #ADD8E6;" ,
, colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
United Sabah Party
The United Sabah Party ( ms, Parti Bersatu Sabah, abbreviated PBS) is a political party of Sabah. The PBS was founded by Joseph Pairin Kitingan in 1985 and it is Sabah's oldest local party. In August 2020, PBS confirmed that they would be usin ...
, , PBS , , 48 , , , , , , 25 , , 52.08 , , -9
, -
, style="background-color: ;" ,
, colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
National Front , , BN , , 48 , , , , , , 23 , , 47.92 , , +23
, -style="background:#EFEFEF;"
, rowspan=3,
, style="background-color: #E62020;" ,
, style="text-align:left;" ,
United Malays National Organisation
The United Malays National Organisation ( Malay: ; Jawi: ; abbreviated UMNO () or less commonly PEKEMBAR), is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia (since its ...
, , UMNO , , 31 , , , , , , 19 , , 39.58 , , New
, -style="background:#EFEFEF;"
, style="background-color: ;" ,
, style="text-align:left;" ,
Sabah Progressive Party , , SAPP , , 7 , , , , , , 3 , , 6.25 , , New
, -style="background:#EFEFEF;"
, style="background-color: #FF7F00;" ,
, style="text-align:left;" ,
Liberal Democratic Party , , LDP , , 3 , , , , , , 1 , , 2.08 , , +1
, -
, ,
, colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party, , SETIA , , 11 , , , , , , 0 , , 0.00 , , New
, -
, ,
, colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Federated Sabah People's Front, , BERSEKUTU , , 9 , , , , , , 0 , , 0.00 , , New
, -
, style="background-color: ;" ,
, colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Malaysian Islamic Party
The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS; ms, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia; ms, ڤرتي إسلام سمليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. As the party focused on Islamic fundamentalism, PAS's ...
, , PAS , , 3 , , , , , , 0 , , 0.00 , , New
, -
, style="background-color: ;" ,
, colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Independents, , IND , , 32 , , , , , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0
, -
, style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Valid votes, , , , rowspan=2 colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc",
, -
, style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Invalid
Invalid may refer to:
* Patient, a sick person
* one who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury (sometimes considered a politically incorrect term)
* .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real use
As t ...
/
blank votes, ,
, -
, colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" , Total votes (
voter turnout
In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
: %) , , , , 100.00 , , 48 , , 100.00 , , 0
, -
, style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Did not vote, , , , rowspan="4" colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc",
, -
, style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Registered voters, ,
, -
, style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above), ,
, -
, style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Sabah's population, ,
, -
, style="text-align:left;" colspan=10 ,
Source:
See also
*
2009 Perak constitutional crisis The 2009 Perak constitutional crisis was a political dispute in Malaysia over the legitimacy of the Perak state government formed in February 2009. It began when three Pakatan Rakyat state legislators defected, causing a collapse of the state govern ...
Further reading
* James Chin. Sabah State Election of 1994: End of Kadazan Unity, Asian Survey, Vol. 34, No. 10, 1994, pp. 904–915
References
{{Malaysian elections
1994 elections in Malaysia
1994
File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson ...