1991 Establishments In Massachusetts

File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Philippines, making it the second-largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century; MTS Oceanos sinks off the coast of South Africa, but the crew notoriously abandons the vessel before the passengers are rescued; Dissolution of the Soviet Union: The Soviet flag is lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the flag of the Russian Federation; The United States and soon-to-be dissolved Soviet Union sign the START I Treaty; A tropical cyclone strikes Bangladesh, killing nearly 140,000 people; Lauda Air Flight 004 crashes after one of its thrust reversers activates during the flight; A United States-led coalition initiates Operation Desert Storm to remove Iraq and Saddam Hussein from Kuwait, 300x300px, thumb
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It was the final year of the Cold War that had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union collapsed, leaving fifteen sovereign republics and the CIS in its place. In July 1991, India abandoned its policies of socialism and autarky and began extensive neoliberal changes to its economy. This increased GDP, but also increased economic inequality over the next two decades. A UN-authorized coalition force from 34 nations fought against Iraq, which had invaded and annexed Kuwait in the previous year, 1990. The conflict would be called the Gulf War and would mark the beginning of a since-constant American military presence in the Middle East. The clash between Serbia and the other Yugoslav republics would lead into the beginning of the Yugoslav Wars, which ran through the rest of the decade.

In the context of the apartheid, the year after the liberation of political prisoner Nelson Mandela, the Parliament of South Africa repeals the Population Registration Act, 1950 overturning the racial classification of the population, a key component of apartheid.

The year 1991 saw the rise of a 10 years long boost of the US domestic economy with the Dow Jones Industrial Average remarkably closing in April at above 3,000 for the first time. This situation would only be cut short by the Dot-com bubble of 2000–2002.

In August, the World Wide Web, originally conceived during the previous year, was released outside CERN to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and publicly announced in August, also establishing the first website ever, "info.cern.ch". This step was a key factor that lead to the mid-1990s public breakthrough of the internet, which would eventually accelerate the already ongoing globalization around the globe.

In terms of popular culture, during this year alternative rock saw a new height of popularity when some of the earliest music exponents of the virtually unknown grunge sound were released, including the influential ''Nevermind'' album by Seattle-based band Nirvana in September 1991. It was also in 1991 that hip-hop music reached an unprecedented mainstream level of success. Electronic music derivative forms were also starting to gain momentum and would define, alone with the previous scenes, the sound for most of the decade.

Events

January

* January 1 – Czechoslovakia becomes the second Eastern European country to abandon its command economy.
* January 5 – Georgian troops attack Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia, starting the 1991–92 South Ossetia War.
* January 7 – 1991 Haitian coup d'état: An attempted coup by the Tonton Macoute, a paramilitary force under former dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier, is thwarted in Haiti. On July 30, he is convicted by a jury of attempting to overthrow the country's first democratically elected government.
* January 9
**Gulf War: U.S. Secretary of State James Baker meets with Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz but fails to produce a plan for the withdrawal of Iraqi troops from Kuwait.
** In Sebokeng, South Africa, gunmen open fire on mourners attending the funeral of an African National Congress leader, killing 45 people.
* January 12 – Gulf War: The 102nd U.S. Congress passes a resolution authorizing the use of military force to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait.
* January 13
**Singing Revolution: Soviet forces storm Vilnius to stop Lithuanian independence, killing 14 civilians and injuring 702 more. In Latvia, a series of confrontations between the Latvian government and the Soviet government take place in Riga.
* January 15
** Gulf War: The UN deadline for the withdrawal of Iraqi forces from occupied Kuwait expires, preparing the way for the start of Operation Desert Storm.
** Prime Minister of Cape Verde Pedro Pires resigns following his party's loss in the Cape Verdean parliamentary election, the first ever multiparty election in an African nation. Later on February 17, António Mascarenhas Monteiro wins the country's first multiparty presidential election since 1975.
* January 16 – Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm begins with air strikes against Iraq.
* January 17
**Gulf War: Iraq fires eight Scud missiles into Israel. Iraqi attacks continue with 15 people injured in Tel Aviv on January 19 and 96 people injured in Ramat Gan on January 22.
**Harald V of Norway becomes the king of Norway after the death of his father, Olav V.
* January 18 – Eastern Air Lines shuts down after 62 years of operations, citing financial problems. Later on December 4, Pan American World Airways ceases its operations.
* January 22 – Gulf War: The British Army SAS patrol, Bravo Two Zero, is deployed in Iraq.
* January 24 – The government of Papua New Guinea signs a peace agreement with separatist leaders from Bougainville Island, ending fighting that had gone on since 1988.
* January 26 – President Siad Barre is overthrown and Somalia enters a civil war. Three days later, Ali Mahdi Muhammad is inaugurated as the next president.
* January 29
** In South Africa, Nelson Mandela of the African National Congress and Mangosuthu Buthelezi of the Inkatha Freedom Party agree to end violence between the two organizations.
** Gulf War: The first major ground engagement of the war, the Battle of Khafji, begins. The battle lasts until February 1.

February

* February 1
**USAir Flight 1493 collides with a SkyWest Airlines Fairchild Metroliner at Los Angeles International Airport, killing 34 people.
** A 6.4 Hindu Kush earthquake causes severe damage in northeast Afghanistan, leaving 848 dead and 200 injured.
* February 7
**1991 Haitian coup d'état: Haiti's first democratically elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, is sworn in. He is ousted on September 30 and later reinstated in 1994. In response to the coup and in an effort to encourage the coup leaders to restore democracy, the U.S. expands trade sanctions on Haiti to include all goods except food and medicine on October 29.
** The Provisional Irish Republican Army launches a mortar attack on 10 Downing Street during a cabinet meeting.
** Gulf War: Ground troops cross the Saudi Arabian border and enter Kuwait, thus starting the ground phase of the war.
* February 11 – The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) is formed in The Hague, Netherlands.
* February 13 – Gulf War: Two laser-guided "smart bombs" destroy an underground bunker in Baghdad, killing hundreds of Iraqis. US military intelligence claims it was a military facility while Iraqi officials identify it as a bomb shelter.
* February 15 – The Visegrád Group, establishing cooperation to move toward free-market systems, is signed by the leaders of Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland.
* February 16 – Singing Revolution: The Council of Lithuania declares the independence of Lithuania, ending decades of Soviet rule over the country.
* February 18 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army explodes bombs in the early morning, at both Paddington station and Victoria station, in London.
* February 20 – President of Albania Ramiz Alia dismisses the government of Prime Minister Adil Çarçani and appoints Fatos Nano as the next prime minister in an effort to stem pro-democracy protests.
* February 22 – Gulf War: Iraq accepts a Soviet-proposed cease fire agreement. The U.S. rejects the agreement, instead saying that retreating Iraqi forces will not be attacked if they leave Kuwait within 24 hours.
* February 23 – In Thailand, General Sunthorn Kongsompong deposes Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan in a bloodless coup d'état.
* February 25 – Gulf War: Part of an Iraqi Scud missile hits an American military barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, killing 29 U.S. soldiers and injuring 99 more. It is the single-most devastating attack on U.S. forces during the war.
* February 26 – Gulf War: On Baghdad radio, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein announces the withdrawal of Iraqi troops from Kuwait. Iraqi soldiers set fire to Kuwaiti oil fields as they retreat; the fire lasts until November 7.
* February 27
** Gulf War: U.S. President Bush declares victory over Iraq and orders a cease-fire. U.S. troops begin to leave the Persian Gulf on March 10.
** In the Bangladeshi general election, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party wins 139 of 300 seats in the Jatiyo Sangshad, leading BNP leader Khaleda Zia to become the president on March 19.

March

*March 3
** Singing Revolution: Voters in Estonia and Latvia vote more than 3-to-1 in favor of independence from the Soviet Union.
** The first presidential election in the history of São Tomé and Príncipe is won by Miguel Trovoada.
**A video captures the beating of motorist Rodney King by Los Angeles police officers. Four Los Angeles police officers are indicted on March 15 for the beating.
* March 6 – Prime Minister of India Chandra Shekhar resigns following a dispute with former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, whose support had kept him in power.
* March 9 – 1991 protests in Belgrade, Massive demonstrations are held against Slobodan Milošević in Belgrade; two people are killed and tanks are deployed in the streets.
* March 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: In the 1991 Salvadoran legislative election, Salvadoran legislative election, the Nationalist Republican Alliance wins 39 of the 48 seats in the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador, legislative assembly.
* March 13
** The United States Department of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice announces that Exxon has agreed to pay $1 billion for the clean-up of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska.
** The Air Quality Agreement, Acid Rain Treaty of 1991 is signed between the Federal government of the United States, American and Government of Canada, Canadian governments.
* March 14
**Gulf War: Emir of Kuwait Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah returns to Kuwait after seven months of exile in Saudi Arabia.
**The Troubles: After 16 years in prison for allegedly bombing a public house in a Provisional Irish Republican Army, Provisional IRA attack, the "Birmingham Six" are freed when a court determines that the police fabricated evidence.
* March 15
**Germany formally regains complete independence after the four Aftermath of World War II, post-World War II Occupation of Germany, occupying powers (France, the UK, U.K., the US, U.S., and the USSR, U.S.S.R.) relinquish all remaining rights to the country.
** The Albania–United States relations, U.S. and Albania resume diplomatic relations for the first time Italian invasion of Albania, since 1939.
* March 17
** Dissolution of the Soviet Union: In 1991 Soviet Union referendum, a national referendum, 77% of voters in the Soviet Union vote in favor of keeping the 15 Republics of the Soviet Union, Soviet republics together; six Union Republics effectively boycott the referendum.
** In the 1991 Finnish parliamentary election, Finnish parliamentary election, the Centre Party (Finland), Centre Party wins 55 of 200 seats in the Parliament of Finland, parliament, ending 25 years of dominance by the Social Democratic Party of Finland.
* March 23 – The Sierra Leone Civil War begins when the Revolutionary United Front attempts a coup against the Politics of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone government.
* March 24 – The 1991 Beninese presidential election, Beninese presidential election, Benin's first presidential election 1970 Dahomeyan presidential election, since 1970, is won by Nicéphore Soglo.
* March 26
** In Mali, military officers led by Amadou Toumani Touré arrest President of Mali, President Moussa Traoré and suspend the Constitution of Mali, constitution.
** Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay sign the Treaty of Asunción, establishing Mercosur.
* March 31
**Albania holds its 1991 Albanian Constitutional Assembly election, first multi-party elections since 1923 Albanian parliamentary election, 1923. The socialist ruling Party of Labour of Albania won a landslide victory with 169 of the 250 seats in the Parliament of Albania, parliament.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p137
**Dissolution of the Soviet Union: 1991 Georgian independence referendum, Georgia votes for independence from the Soviet Union while on April 9, the Supreme Council of Georgia, Supreme Council declares the independent Georgia (country), Republic of Georgia.

April

* April 2 – Economy of the Soviet Union, Government-imposed prices increase double or triple the cost of consumer goods in the Soviet Union.
* April 3 – Iraq disarmament crisis: The United Nations Security Council, UN Security Council passes United Nations Security Council Resolution 687, Resolution 687, which calls for the destruction or removal of all of Iraq and weapons of mass destruction, Iraq's chemical and biological weapons and a complete ban of ballistic missiles with a range greater than 150 km. It also calls for an end to Iraq's State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list), support for international terrorism; it is accepted by Iraq three days later.
* April 4
** U.S. senator, U.S. Senator John Heinz and six other people are killed when a Merion air disaster, helicopter collides with their plane over Merion Station, Pennsylvania, Merion, Pennsylvania.
** Forty people 1991 Sacramento hostage crisis, are taken hostage in Sacramento, California, Sacramento, California; six gunmen and hostages are killed.
* April 5
** Former U.S. senator, U.S. Senator John Tower and 22 others are killed in Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 2311, an airplane crash in Brunswick, Georgia, Brunswick, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia.
**Space Shuttle Atlantis, Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'' leaves an observatory in Earths orbit to study gamma rays before returning STS-37, on April 11. It is followed by Space Shuttle Discovery, Space Shuttle ''Discovery'', which studies instruments related to the Strategic Defense Initiative from STS-39, April 29 to May 6. Space Shuttle Columbia, Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' carries the Spacelab into orbit STS-400, on June 5.
* April 9 – The first Red Army, Soviet troops leave Poland.
* April 10
** A South Atlantic tropical cyclone develops in the Southern Hemisphere off the coast of Angola, the first of its kind to be documented by weather satellites.
** The Italian ferry ''Moby Prince disaster, Moby Prince'' collides with an oil tanker in dense fog off Livorno, Italy, resulting in 140 deaths with one survivor.
* April 12 – The Warsaw Stock Exchange opens in Economy of Poland, Poland.
*April 14 – In the Netherlands, thieves steal 20 paintings worth $500 million from the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam; they are found in an abandoned car near the museum less than an hour later.
* April 15
** The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is inaugurated.
** End of Apartheid: The European Economic Community lifts Disinvestment from South Africa, economic sanctions on South Africa.
* April 16 – April 18, 18 – General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev begins the first ever visit of a Japan–Soviet Union relations, Soviet leader to Japan, but fails to resolve the Kuril Islands dispute, two countries' dispute over ownership of the Kuril Islands.
* April 17 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 3,000 for the first time in history, at 3,004.46.
* April 18 – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq declares some of its chemical weapons and materials to the UN, as required by United Nations Security Council Resolution 687, Resolution 687, and claims that it does not have a biological weapons program.
* April 19 – George Carey is enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury, the spiritual leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion.
* April 22
**A 7.7 1991 Limon earthquake, Limon earthquake strikes Costa Rica and Panama with a maximum Mercalli intensity, causing between 47 and 87 deaths and up to 759 injuries.
**In Taiwan, the Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion are abolished, having been in effect for 43 years.
*April 23 – Prime Minister of Iceland Steingrímur Hermannsson resigns following 1991 Icelandic parliamentary election, an inconclusive parliamentary election; he is succeeded by Davíð Oddsson on April 30.
* April 26
** A series of Tornado outbreak of April 26, 1991, 55 tornadoes break out in the Midwestern United States, central U.S., killing 21. The most notable tornado strikes Andover, Kansas, Andover, Kansas.
** Esko Aho at the age of 36 becomes the youngest-ever Prime Minister of Finland.
* April 29
** A 1991 Bangladesh cyclone, tropical cyclone hits Bangladesh, killing an estimated 138,000 people.
** A 7.0 1991 Racha earthquake, earthquake in Racha, Georgia, kills 270 people and leaves 100,000 others homeless.
* April 29 – April 30, 30 – In Lesotho, a bloodless coup ousts military ruler Justin Lekhanya, with Chairman of the Military Council Elias Phisoana Ramaema replacing him two days later.

May

* May 1 – Angolan Civil War: The MPLA and UNITA agree to the Bicesse Accords, which are formally signed on May 31 in Lisbon.Wright, George. ''The Destruction of a Nation: United States' Policy Towards Angola Since 1945'', 1997. Page 159.
* May 6 – In the U.S., ''Time (magazine), Time'' magazine publishes "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power," an article highly critical of the Scientology movement.
* May 12 – Nepal holds its first multiparty 1991 Nepalese legislative election, legislative election since 1959 Nepalese legislative election, 1959.
* May 15 – Édith Cresson becomes France's first female Prime Minister of France, prime minister.
* May 16 – Elizabeth II becomes the first British Monarch, British monarch to address the U.S. Congress during a 13-day royal visit in Washington, D.C.
* May 18 – Somaliland secedes from Somalia; its independence is List of states with limited recognition, not recognised by the international community.
* May 19 – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: In the 1991 Croatian independence referendum, Croatian independence referendum, voters in the Socialist Republic of Croatia vote to leave Yugoslavia.
* May 21
**At Sriperumbudur, India, a suicide bomber attacks a political meeting, Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, killing former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and at least 14 others.
**Ethiopian Civil War: Mengistu Haile Mariam, president of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, flees Ethiopia to Zimbabwe, effectively bringing the Ethiopian Civil War to an end.
* May 22 – Acting Prime Minister of South Korea Ro Jai-bong resigns in the wake of rioting following the beating to death of a student by police on April 26. He is succeeded by Chung Won-shik two days later.
* May 24 – Following authorisation by Prime Minister of Israel, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir, Operation Solomon commences to airlift most of the remaining Beta Israel community from Ethiopia to Israel.
*May 25 – The 1991 Surinamese general election, Surinamese general election is won by the military-backed New Front for Democracy and Development.Dieter Nohlen, Nohlen, D (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p614
* May 26 – Lauda Air Flight 004, Lauda Air Boeing 767 crashes near Bangkok, Thailand, killing all 223 people on board.
* May 28 – Ethiopian Civil War: The forces of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front seize the capital Addis Ababa.

June

* June 3 – Mount Unzen in Volcanoes in japan, Japan erupts, killing 46 people as a result of pyroclastic flow.
* June 4
**Fatos Nano resigns as Prime Minister of Albania following a nationwide strike. President of Albania Ramiz Alia appoints Ylli Bufi as his successor.
** A large solar flare triggers an anomalously large aurora as far south as Pennsylvania.
* June 5
**President of Algeria Chadli Bendjedid dismisses Prime Minister of Algeria, Prime Minister Mouloud Hamrouche following 11 days of protests against the government and replaces him with Sid Ahmed Ghozali.
** End of Apartheid: South Africa repeals the last legal foundations of apartheid.
* June 7 – Approximately National Victory Celebration, 200,000 people attend a parade of 8,800 returning Persian Gulf War troops in Washington, D.C., Washington, D.C.
* June 9 – A major collapse at the Mining industry of Eswatini, Emaswati Colliery in Swaziland traps 26 miners 65 meters below the surface; they are rescued 30 hours later.
* June 12
**Boris Yeltsin is elected President of Russia, President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR; he officially begins his term on July 10.
** Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Army soldiers 1991 Kokkadichcholai massacre, kill 152 civilians in Kokkadichcholai.
** The Party of Labour of Albania is dissolved and succeeded by the Socialist Party of Albania, marking the end of Communist Albania, communist rule in Albania.
* June 15
** In the Philippines, Mount Pinatubo erupts in the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, second largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century; the final death toll exceeds 800. This eruption caused a global cooling of the world by around 0.4°C.
** The 1991 Indian general election, Indian general elections end; the Indian National Congress wins the most seats but fails to secure a majority. Six days later, Congress leader P. V. Narasimha Rao becomes Prime Minister of India.
* June 16 – Father's Day Bank Massacre: Four security guards are shot to death during a bank robbery at the United Bank Tower in Denver, Colorado, United States. The person subsequently charged with the crime was acquitted, and the case remains unsolved.
* June 17
** End of Apartheid: The South African parliament, South African Parliament repeals the Population Registration Act, 1950, Population Registration Act, which had required Apartheid, racial classification of all South Africans at birth.
**President of Turkey Turgut Özal appoints Mesut Yılmaz as Prime Minister of Turkey, Prime Minister following Yıldırım Akbulut's resignation. Yılmaz forms a new government on June 23, which lasts until November when it is replaced by the government of Süleyman Demirel.''Türkiye'nin 75 Yılı'', Tempo yayıncılık, İstanbul, 1998
* June 20 – In West Germany, the Bundestag Decision on the Capital of Germany, votes to move the capital from Bonn to Berlin.
* June 23 – June 28, 28 – Iraq disarmament crisis: UN inspection teams attempt to intercept Iraqi vehicles carrying nuclear related equipment. Iraqi soldiers fire warning shots in the air to prevent inspectors from approaching the vehicles.
* June 25 – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: Croatia and Slovenia declare their independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia.
* June 28 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Comecon is dissolved in Moscow, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russia.

July

* July 1
** In the U.S., telephone services go down in Washington, D.C., Pittsburgh, Los Angeles, and San Francisco as a result of a software bug, affecting nearly twelve million customers.
** The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
** The world's first GSM telephone call is made in Finland.
* July 7 – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: The Brioni Agreement ends the Ten-Day War in Slovenia.
* July 4 – President of Colombia César Gaviria lifts the country's 7-year-long state of emergency.
* July 9
** End of Apartheid: The International Olympic Committee Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics, readmits South Africa to the Olympic Games, Olympics. The next day, George H. W. Bush, U.S. President Bush terminates 1986-enacted United States sanctions, U.S. sanctions on South Africa–United States relations, South Africa.
** Iran–Contra affair: Alan Fiers agrees to plead guilty to two charges of lying to the U.S. Congress. Later on September 16, United States District Court for the District of Columbia, D.C. Judge Gerhard Gesell issues a ruling clearing Colonel, Col. Oliver North of all charges.
* July 11
** A Solar eclipse of July 11, 1991, solar eclipse of record totality occurs in the Northern hemisphere. It is seen by 20 million people in Hawaii, Mexico, and Colombia.
**Nigeria Airways Flight 2120, a Douglas DC-8 operated by Canadian airline Nolisair, catches fire and crashes soon after takeoff from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, killing all 261 people on board.
* July 15 – Chemical Bank and Manufacturers Hanover Corporation amalgamate, becoming the List of bank mergers in the United States, largest bank merger in history.
* July 16 – President of the Soviet Union, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, Gorbachev arrives in London to ask for aid from the leaders of the G7.
* July 18 – The governments of Mauritania and Senegal sign a treaty ending the Mauritania–Senegal Border War, which had been fought since 1989.
* July 22
** US Boxing, U.S. boxer Mike Tyson is arrested and charged with the rape of Miss Black America contestant Desiree Washington three days earlier, in Indianapolis, Indiana.
** American serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer is arrested after the remains of eleven men and boys are found in his Milwaukee apartment.
* July 24 – Finance Minister of India Manmohan Singh announces a new industrial policy, marking the start of economic liberalisation in India.
* July 25 – British astronomers announce they have found what appears to be an extrasolar planet.
* July 29 – In New York City, a grand jury indicts Bank of Credit and Commerce International of the largest bank fraud in history, accusing the bank of defrauding depositors of US$5 billion.
* July 31
**George H. W. Bush, U.S. President Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev, Soviet President Gorbachev sign START I in Moscow, Soviet Union.
** Singing Revolution: OMON, Soviet Special Purpose Police Unit (OMON) forces kill seven Lithuanian customs officials in Medininkai, the deadliest of the Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts.

August

* August 1 – Israel agrees to participate in the Madrid Conference of 1991, which opens on October 30.
* August 4 – The cruise liner ''MTS Oceanos'' sinks off the Cape of Good Hope, coast of South Africa, leading to the rescue of all 571 passengers on board by South African Air Force, SAAF helicopters.
* August 6 – Tim Berners-Lee announces the World Wide Web project and software on the alt.hypertext newsgroup. The first website, "info.cern.ch", is created.
* August 7 – Former Iranian Prime Minister of Iran, prime minister Shapour Bakhtiar is assassinated in the Parisian suburb of Suresnes.
* August 8 – The Warsaw radio mast, the tallest structure in the world at the time, collapses.
* August 17 – The remains of the Prussian king, Prussian King Frederick II of Prussia, Frederick the Great are re-interred in Potsdam, Germany.
* August 17 – August 20, 20 – Hurricane Bob hits North Carolina and New England, killing 17 people and causing US$1.5 billion in damage.
* August 19 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: President of the Soviet Union, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev is put under house arrest while vacationing in Crimea during 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, an attempted coup. Led by List of heads of state of the Soviet Union, Vice President Gennady Yanayev and seven others, the coup collapses in less than 72 hours and is protested by over 100,000 people outside the White House (Moscow), parliament building. He returns to Moscow three days later and arrests the coup leaders.
* August 20 – Singing Revolution: Estonia declares independence from the Soviet Union, followed by Latvia the next day.

* August 22 – Singing Revolution: Iceland becomes the first nation to recognize the independence of the Baltic states. It is followed by the United States, U.S. on September 2 and the Soviet Union on September 6.
*August 23 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Russia restores the Flag of Russia, white-blue-red tricolour as its national flag.
* August 24 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Ukraine declares independence, followed by Belarus the next day, from the Soviet Union.
* August 25
** Dissolution of Yugoslavia: Battle of Vukovar, Serbian forces begin an attack on the Croatian town of Vukovar.
** Linus Torvalds posts messages to the Usenet newsgroup comp.os.minix, regarding the new operating system kernel he had developed, called Linux.
**Michael Schumacher, regarded as one of the greatest History of Formula One, Formula One drivers in history, makes his Formula One debut at the 1991 Belgian Grand Prix, Belgian Grand Prix.
* August 29 – Lebanon Hostage Crisis: Maronites, Maronite general Michel Aoun leaves Lebanon via a French ship into exile.
* August 30 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Moldova declares independence from the Soviet Union, followed by Azerbaijan.
* August 31 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan declare their independence; Tajikistan follows suit on September 9.

September

* September 3 – In Hamlet, North Carolina, Hamlet, North Carolina, Hamlet chicken processing plant fire, a grease fire breaks out at the Imperial Foods chicken processing plant, killing 25 people.
* September 4 – Sverdlovsk, Russia, Sverdlovsk's name is restored to its De-Communisation, pre-communist–era name Yekaterinburg. Two days later, Leningrad is renamed St. Petersburg.
* September 5 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: The Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union self-dissolves, being replaced by Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union and State Council of the Soviet Union.
* September 8 – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: The North Macedonia, Republic of Macedonia becomes independent, beginning a Macedonia naming dispute, name dispute with Greece–North Macedonia relations, Greece.
* September 11
**Lebanon Hostage Crisis: Israel releases Palestinian prisoners of Israel, 51 Arab prisoners and the bodies of nine guerrillas, paving the way for the release of the last Lebanon hostage crisis, western hostages in Lebanon.
**The Soviet Union announces plans to withdraw Cuba–Soviet Union relations, military and economic aid to Cuba.
* September 15 – In the 1991 Swedish general election, Swedish general election, the Swedish Social Democratic Party, Social Democrats suffer their worst election results in 60 years, leading to the resignation of Prime Minister of Sweden, Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson.
* September 17 – North Korea, South Korea, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, the Marshall Islands, and Federated States of Micronesia, Micronesia join the UN.
* September 19 – Ötzi, Ötzi the Iceman is found in the Alps.
* September 21 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Armenia declares independence from the Soviet Union. Nearly a month later on October 27, Turkmenistan declares its independence. Kazakhstan follows suit on December 16.
* September 21 – September 30, 30 – Iraq disarmament crisis: International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA inspectors discover files on Iraq and weapons of mass destruction, Iraq's hidden nuclear weapons program. Iraqi officials refuse to let them leave with the documents, prompting a standoff that continues until the U.N. Security Council, UN Security Council threatens enforcement actions on Iraq.
* September 22 – The Huntington Library makes the Dead Sea Scrolls available to the public for the first time.
* September 24 – Lebanon Hostage Crisis: Lebanese kidnappers release Jackie Mann after more than two years of captivity.
* September 25 – Salvadoran Civil War: Representatives of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front reach an agreement with President of El Salvador Alfredo Cristiani, setting the stage for the end of the war.
* September 27 – U.S President George H. W. Bush announces unilateral reductions in short-range nuclear weapons and calls off 24-hour alerts for long-range bombers. The Soviet Union responds with similar unilateral reductions on October 5.
* September 29 – Salvadoran Civil War: An army colonel of the Atlácatl Battalion is found guilty of the 1989 murders of Jesuits in El Salvador, 1989 murders of six Jesuits.

October

* October 1 – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: Forces of the Yugoslav People's Army Croatian War of Independence, surround Dubrovnik, beginning the Siege of Dubrovnik, which lasts until May 31, 1992.
* October 3 – Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives Tom Foley announces the House banking scandal, closure of the House Bank by the end of the year after revelations that House members have written numerous bad checks.
*October 4 – Carl Bildt succeeds Ingvar Carlsson as Prime Minister of Sweden.
* October 6 – Mikhail Gorbachev, President Gorbachev condemns antisemitism in the Soviet Union in a statement read on the 50th anniversary of the Babi Yar, Babi Yar massacres, which saw the death of History of the Jews in Ukraine, 35,000 Jews in Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukraine during Eastern Front (World War II), WWII.
* October 7 – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: The Yugoslav Air Force bombs the office of President of Croatia, Croatian President Franjo Tuđman, causing the Croatian Parliament to cut all remaining ties with Yugoslavia the next day.
* October 11
** In the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR, the KGB is replaced by the Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia), SVR, with the KGB officially ending operations on November 6.
** Iraq disarmament crisis: The U.N. Security Council, UN Security Council passes United Nations Security Council Resolution 715, Resolution 715, demanding that Iraq "accept unconditionally the inspectors and all other personnel designated by the United Nations Special Commission, Special Commission." Iraq rejects the resolution, calling it "unlawful".
* October 12 – Askar Akayev is confirmed as the first president of Kyrgyzstan in an uncontested poll.
* October 13 – In the 1991 Bulgarian parliamentary election, Bulgarian parliamentary election, the Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria), Union of Democratic Forces defeats the Bulgarian Socialist Party, leaving no remaining Communist governments in Eastern Europe.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p369
* October 15
** Clarence Thomas is confirmed as the new U.S. Supreme Court Justice following Thurgood Marshall's retirement.
** The leaders of the Baltic States, Arnold Rüütel of Estonia, Anatolijs Gorbunovs of Latvia and the Vytautas Landsbergis of Lithuania, signed the OSCE Final Act in Helsinki, Finland.
* October 18 – The Soviet Union restores its Israel–Russia relations, diplomatic relations with Israel, which had been suspended since the Six-Day War, 1967 Six-Day War.
* October 20
** The Harare Declaration is signed in Harare, Zimbabwe, laying down the Commonwealth of Nations membership criteria.
** A Oakland firestorm of 1991, large suburban firestorm centered in Oakland Hills, Oakland, California, Oakland Hills, California, kills 25 people and injures 150 others.
** A 6.8 Moment magnitude scale, M_w 1991 Uttarkashi earthquake, earthquake strikes Uttarkashi district, Uttarkashi, India, killing at least 768 people and destroying thousands of homes.
* October 21 – Lebanon Hostage Crisis: Jesse Turner, a mathematics professor who has been held hostage for more than four years, is released.
* October 23 – In Paris, the Vietnam-backed government of the People's Republic of Kampuchea, state of Cambodia signs an agreement with the Khmer Rouge to end Cambodian Civil War, the civil war and bring the Khmer Rouge into power despite its role in the Cambodian genocide. The deal ends the Cambodian–Vietnamese War and results in the creation of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia, UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia.
* October 27 – The first 1991 Polish parliamentary election, free parliamentary elections in Poland since 1928 Polish legislative election, 1928 are held.
* October 28 – November 4 – The 1991 Perfect Storm strikes the northeastern United States, northeastern U.S. coast and Atlantic Canada, causing over US$200 million of damage and resulting in 12 direct fatalities.
* October 29 – NASA's Galileo (spacecraft), Galileo spacecraft makes its closest approach to 951 Gaspra, becoming the first probe to visit an asteroid.
* October 31 – November 3 – The 1991 Halloween blizzard, Halloween blizzard hits the Upper Midwest, U.S. Upper Midwest, killing 22 people and causing US$100 million in damage.

November

* November 4 – November 5, 5 – End of Apartheid: The African National Congress leads a general strike, demanding representation in Government of South Africa, the government and an end to the value-added tax.
* November 5 – China and Vietnam restore China–Vietnam relations, diplomatic relations after a 13-year rift which followed the Sino-Vietnamese War, 1979 Sino-Vietnamese War.
* November 6 – The Communist Party of the Soviet Union, CPSU and its republic-level division, the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Communist Party of the Russian SFSR, are banned in the Russian SFSR by Ukase, presidential decree.
* November 7 – The first report on carbon nanotubes is published by Sumio Iijima in ''Nature (journal), Nature''.
* November 9 – The British Joint European Torus, JET fusion reactor generates 1.5 MW output power.
* November 14
**American government, American and Government of the United Kingdom, British authorities announce indictments against two Libyan Intelligence Service, Libyan intelligence officials in connection with the downing of the Pan Am Flight 103.
** House of Norodom, Cambodian Prince Norodom Sihanouk returns to Phnom Penh after 13 years of exile.
** Lebanon Hostage Crisis: Kidnappers in Lebanon set Anglican Communion, Anglican Church envoys Terry Waite and Thomas Sutherland (academic), Thomas Sutherland free.
* November 18
** Dissolution of Yugoslavia: The forces of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and Serb paramilitaries take the Croatian town of Vukovar after the 87-day Battle of Vukovar. They Vukovar massacre, kill more than 260 Croatian prisoners of war.
** An Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 helicopter carrying a 19-member peacekeeping mission team is 1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown, shot down by Armenian military, Armenian military forces in Khojavend District, Khojavend district, Azerbaijan.
* November 21 – The 1991 United Nations Secretary-General selection, UN Security Council recommends Prime Minister of Egypt, Egypt's deputy prime minister Boutros Boutros-Ghali to be the next Secretary-General of the United Nations, Secretary-General of the UN.
* November 23 – Members of the Communist Party of Great Britain vote to dissolve the party and found the think-tank Democratic Left (UK), Democratic Left in its place.
* November 24 – Queen (band), Queen lead singer Freddie Mercury dies in London from AIDS induced pneumonia. In an unrelated incident, Kiss (band), Kiss drummer Eric Carr dies from heart cancer.
* November 26 – The National Assembly (Azerbaijan), National Assembly of Azerbaijan Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, abolishes the autonomous status of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast and renames several cities to their Azerbaijani language, Azeri names.
* November 27 – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: The United Nations Security Council, UN Security Council unanimously adopts a resolution opening the way to the establishment of United Nations Protection Force, peacekeeping operations in Yugoslavia.

December

* December 1 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Ukraine, Ukrainians vote overwhelmingly for Ukrainian Independence Day, independence from the Soviet Union in a 1991 Ukrainian independence referendum, referendum.
* December 4
** Lebanon Hostage Crisis: Journalist Terry A. Anderson is released after seven years of captivity as a hostage in Beirut – the last and longest-held American hostage in Lebanon.
**John Leonard Orr, one of the most prolific serial arsonists of the 20th century, is arrested in California.
* December 8 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: In the Białowieża Forest Nature Reserve in Belarus, the leaders of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine sign Belovezha Accords, an agreement officially ending the Soviet Union and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in its place.
* December 11 – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: Croatian forces Paulin Dvor massacre, kill 18 Serbs and one Hungarian in the village of Paulin Dvor, Croatia.
* December 12
** The government of Nigeria moves the capital from Lagos to Abuja.
**Ukraine becomes the first Post-Soviet states, post-Soviet republic to LGBT rights by country or territory, decriminalize homosexuality.
* December 15 – The Egyptian ferry sinks in the Red Sea, killing more than 450 people.
* December 16 – The United Nations General Assembly, UN General Assembly adopts United Nations General Assembly Resolution 46/86, UN General Assembly Resolution 46/86, repealing a United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379, previous resolution adopted in 1975 which had ruled that Zionism is a form of racism.
* December 19
**Paul Keating defeats Bob Hawke in a Australian Labor Party, Labor Party December 1991 Australian Labor Party leadership spill, leadership ballot and consequently becomes the Prime Minister of Australia; he is sworn in the following day.
** Skarnsund Bridge opens in Norway, becoming the world's longest cable-stayed bridge for two years with a span of .
* December 21 – The North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NAC-C) meets for the first time.
* December 22 – Armed opposition groups launch a 1991–92 Georgian coup d'état, military coup against President of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia.
* December 24 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Russian SFSR President of Russia, President Boris Yeltsin sends a letter to UN Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, declaring that Russia will be the succeeding country to the collapsing Soviet Union in the United Nations.
* December 25
** Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Mikhail Gorbachev resigns as president of the Soviet Union, from which most republics have already seceded, anticipating the dissolving of the History of the Soviet Union, 69-year-old state.
** The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR officially renames itself the ''Russia, Russian Federation''.
* December 26 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, Supreme Soviet meets for the last time, formally dissolves the Soviet Union, and adjourns ''Adjournment sine die, sine die'', ending the Cold War. All remaining Soviet institutions eventually cease operation on December 31.

Births

January

* January 3 – Goo Hara, South Korean singer and actress (d. 2019)
* January 7
** Eden Hazard, Belgian football player
** Caster Semenya, South African athlete
* January 9 – Álvaro Soler, Spanish-German singer
* January 12 – Pixie Lott, British singer
* January 15 – Darya Klishina, Russian long jumper
* January 17
** Trevor Bauer, American baseball player
** Willa Fitzgerald, American actress
* January 19 – Erin Sanders, American actress
* January 20 – Jolyon Palmer, British racing driver, motorsport commentator and columnist
* January 21 – Craig Roberts, Welsh actor, writer and director
* January 23 – Steve Birnbaum, American footballer
* January 28 – Calum Worthy, Canadian actor and musician
* January 29 – Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster, Hugh Grosvenor, British aristocrat, billionaire and businessman

February

* February 4 – Mathew Leckie, Australian footballer
* February 6
** Maxi Iglesias, Spanish actor and model
** Aleksandar Katai, Serbian footballer
* February 8
** Genzebe Dibaba, Ethiopian middle- and long-distance runner
** Wahbi Khazri, Tunisian footballer
* February 10 – Emma Roberts, American actress and singer
* February 14
** Raquel Calderón Argandoña, Chilean actress, singer, and lawyer
** Karol G, Colombian reggaeton singer and songwriter
* February 17
** Ed Sheeran, English singer, songwriter, guitarist, record producer, and actor
** Bonnie Wright, English actress, film director, screenwriter, model, and producer
* February 18
** Malese Jow, American actress and singer
** Henry Surtees, British racing driver (d. 2009)
* February 20 – Hidilyn Diaz, Filipina Olympic weightlifter and airwoman
* February 21
** Riyad Mahrez, French-Algerian footballer
** Solar (singer), Solar, South Korean singer and actress
** Joe Alwyn, English actor
* February 22 – Robin Stjernberg, Swedish pop singer
* February 26 – CL (singer), CL, South Korean singer and dancer
* February 28 – Sarah Bolger, Irish actress

March

* March 3 – Park Cho-rong, South Korean singer and actress
* March 4 – Aoi Nakamura, Japanese actor
* March 5 – Ramiro Funes Mori, Argentine footballer
* March 6 – Tyler, The Creator, American rapper
* March 8 – Devon Werkheiser, American actor, singer, and musician
* March 11
** Linlin, Chinese singer
** Poonam Pandey, Indian Bollywood actress
* March 13 – Luan Santana, Brazilian singer
* March 16 – Wolfgang Van Halen, American musician
* March 21 – Antoine Griezmann, French footballer
* March 23 – Madelyn Deutch, American actress, director, musician and writer

* March 28 – Derek Carr, American football player
* March 29
** Irene (singer), Irene, South Korean singer, rapper, television host, and model She grew up in Buk-gu, Daegu, Buk-gu.
** N'Golo Kanté, French footballer
** Hayley McFarland, American actress

April

* April 3 – Hayley Kiyoko, American singer and actress
* April 4 – Jamie Lynn Spears, American singer and actress
* April 5 – Yassine Bounou, Moroccan football player
* April 7 – Anne-Marie, English singer
* April 9 – Gai Assulin, Israeli footballer
* April 10 – AJ Michalka, American actress, voice actress, singer and musician
* April 11
** Thiago Alcântara, Spanish footballer
** James Magnussen, Australian swimmer
* April 15
** Javier Fernández (figure skater), Javier Fernandez, Spanish figure skater
** Anastasia Vinnikova, Belarusian singer
* April 20 – Luke Kuechly, American football player
* April 25 – Alex Shibutani, American ice dancer

May

* May 2
** Jeong Jinwoon, South Korean idol singer and actor
** Ilya Zakharov, Russian diver
* May 3 – Carlo Acutis, English-born Italian Catholic computer programmer, beatified (d. 2006)
* May 5 – Raúl Jiménez, Mexican footballer
* May 8 – Laura Chimaras, Venezuelan actress
* May 9 – Majlinda Kelmendi, Kosovan judoka
* May 22
** Sophia Abrahão, Brazilian actress
** Suho, South Korean singer, actor, and model
* May 23 – Lena Meyer-Landrut, German singer
* May 24 – Erika Umeda, Japanese singer
* May 25 – Derrick Williams (basketball), Derrick Williams, American basketball player
* May 27 – Beauden Barrett, New Zealand rugby union player
* May 28 – Alexandre Lacazette, French footballer
* May 29 – Tan Zhongyi, Chinese chess player
* May 31 – Azealia Banks, American singer

June

* June 1 – Zazie Beetz, German-American actress
* June 3 – Natasha Dupeyrón, Mexican actress and singer
* June 4 – Ben Stokes, English international cricketer
* June 7
** Emily Ratajkowski, American model and actress
** Olivia Rogowska, Australian tennis player
* June 10 – Pol Espargaró, Spanish motorcycle racer
* June 14
** André Carrillo, Peruvian footballer
** Kostas Manolas, Greek footballer
** Jesy Nelson, English singer
* June 16
** Siya Kolisi, South African rugby union player
** Joe McElderry, British singer and model
** Tameka Yallop, Australian footballer
* June 17 – Staz Nair, British actor and singer
* June 18 – Willa Holland, American model and actress
* June 19 – Neta Rivkin, Israeli rhythmic gymnast
* June 20 – Kalidou Koulibaly, French-Senegalese footballer
* June 21 – J. C. Greyling, Namibian rugby union player
* June 23
** Katie Armiger, American singer
** Fakhreddine Ben Youssef, Tunisian footballer
* June 24 – Max Ehrich, American actor, singer, and dancer
* June 25
** Christa Théret, French actress
** Victor Wanyama, Kenyan footballer
* June 28
** Kevin De Bruyne, Belgian footballer
** Kang Min-hyuk, South Korean drummer, actor, and singer
** Seohyun, South Korean singer and actress
* June 29
** Kawhi Leonard, American basketball player
** Suk Hyun-jun, South Korean footballer

July

* July 2
** Kim Go-eun, South Korean actress
** Burna Boy, Nigerian singer, rapper and songwriter
* July 3 – Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova, Russian tennis player
* July 5 – Jason Dolley, American actor and musician
* July 7 – Alesso, Swedish DJ and music producer
* July 8 – Virgil van Dijk, Dutch footballer
* July 9 – Mitchel Musso, American actor, musician and singer
* July 10 – Atsuko Maeda, Japanese singer and actress
* July 12 – James Rodríguez, Colombian footballer
* July 13 – Seppe Smits, Belgian snowboarder
* July 15
** Derrick Favors, American basketball player
** Evgeny Tishchenko, Russian heavyweight boxer
* July 16 – Alexandra Shipp, American actress
* July 21 – Sara Sampaio, Portuguese model
* July 22 – Tomi Juric, Australian footballer
* July 23
** Lauren Mitchell, Australian artistic gymnast
** Kianoush Rostami, Iranian weightlifter
* July 24 – Emily Bett Rickards, Canadian actress
* July 25 – Amanda Kurtović, Norwegian handball player
* July 30 – Daria Kondakova, Russian rhythmic gymnast
* July 31 – Filipa Azevedo, Portuguese singer

August

* August 3 – Ismail Juma, Tanzanian long-distance runner (d. 2017)
* August 5 – Brooke Marie Bridges, American actress
* August 6
** Irina Kulikova, Russian fashion model
** Jiao Liuyang, Chinese swimmer
* August 7 – Mike Trout, American baseball player
* August 8 – Joël Matip, German footballer
* August 9
** Alexa Bliss, American professional wrestler
** Hansika Motwani, Indian actress
* August 10 – Pratyusha Banerjee, Indian television actress (d. 2016)
* August 11 – Estelle Nze Minko, French handball player
* August 12 – Lakeith Stanfield, American actor and rapper
* August 16
** Evanna Lynch, Irish actress
** Young Thug, American hip hop artist
* August 18 – Brianna Rollins-McNeal, American track and field athlete
* August 20 – Cory Joseph, Canadian basketball player
* August 23 – Jennifer Abel, Canadian diver
* August 26 – Dylan O'Brien, American actor

September

* September 4
** Adrien Bart, French sprint canoeist
** Carter Jenkins, American actor
* September 9
** Kelsey Chow, American actress
** Oscar (footballer, born 1991), Oscar dos Santos Emboaba Júnior, Brazilian footballer
** Lauren Daigle, American singer and songwriter
** Hunter Hayes, American singer, songwriter, record producer and multi-instrumentalist
* September 11
** Jordan Ayew, Ghanaian footballer
** Kygo, Norwegian DJ and record producer
* September 12 – Thomas Meunier, Belgian footballer
* September 13 – Ksenia Afanasyeva, Russian artistic gymnast
* September 14 – Nana (entertainer), Nana, South Korean singer, actress, and model
* September 15 – Alex Florea, Romanian singer
* September 16 – Marlon Teixeira, Brazilian model
* September 17
** Minako Kotobuki, Japanese actress and singer
** Mena Massoud, Canadian actor
** Sanne Wevers, Dutch gymnast
* September 22 – Khairul Anuar Mohamad, Malaysian archer
* September 23 – Key (singer), Key, Korean singer
* September 25
**Emmy Clarke, American actress
**Alexander Rossi, American race car driver
* September 27
** Simona Halep, Romanian tennis player
** Islam Makhachev, Russian professional mixed martial artist

October

* October 1 – Gus Kenworthy, British-American Olympic freestyle skier, actor, and YouTuber
* October 2 – Roberto Firmino, Brazilian footballer
* October 4 – Leigh-Anne Pinnock, English singer and songwriter
* October 6 – Roshon Fegan, American actor, rapper, and dancer
* October 7
** Nicole Jung, Korean-American singer in Glendale, California
** Lay Zhang, Chinese singer, actor, dancer, and producer
* October 10
** Gabriella Cilmi, Australian singer
** Lali Espósito, Argentine actress, singer, dancer, and model
** Mariana Pajón, Colombian cyclist
** Xherdan Shaqiri, Swiss footballer
* October 11 – Toby Fox, American video game developer and video game composer
* October 16
** Phan Thi Ha Thanh, Vietnamese artistic gymnast
** Jedward (John and Edward Grimes), Irish twin pop singers
* October 17 – Brenda Asnicar, Argentine actress and singer
* October 18 – Tyler Posey, American actor and musician
* October 21 – Artur Aleksanyan, Armenian Greco-Roman wrestler
* October 23
** Emil Forsberg, Swedish footballer
** Princess Mako of Akishino, Japanese princess
* October 26 – Amala Paul, Indian film actress
* October 30
** Artemi Panarin, Russian ice hockey player
** Tomáš Satoranský, Czech basketball player

November

* November 1
** Jiang Yuyuan, Chinese gymnast
** Anthony Ramos (actor), Anthony Ramos, American actor, singer and songwriter
* November 4
** Olta Boka, Albanian singer
** Bee Vang, American actor
* November 6 – Camila Finn, Brazilian model
* November 11 – Christa B. Allen, American actress
* November 12 – Takatoshi Abe, Japanese track and field athlete
* November 13 – Devon Bostick, Canadian actor
* November 15 – Shailene Woodley, American actress, producer, and activist
* November 16 – Park Hyung-sik, South Korean singer, dancer and actor
* November 20 – Kim Se-yong, South Korean singer and actor
* November 21
** Almaz Ayana, Ethiopian long-distance runner
** Dmitry Martynov, Russian actor
* November 23 – Christian Cueva, Peruvian footballer
* November 24 – Baghdad Bounedjah, Algerian footballer
* November 27 – Himanshi Khurana, Indian model, actress and singer
* November 29 – Becky James, Welsh racing cyclist

December

* December 1 – Sun Yang, Chinese swimmer
* December 2
** Chloe Dufour-Lapointe, Canadian freestyle skier
** Brandon Knight (basketball), Brandon Knight, American basketball player
** Charlie Puth, American singer
* December 4 – Hayley Arceneaux, American physician assistant and astronaut
* December 6
** Milica Mandić, Serbian taekwondo athlete
** CoCo Vandeweghe, American tennis player
* December 9
** Choi Min-ho, South Korean rapper and TV host
** Prince Joachim of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este, Belgian prince
* December 10 – Kiki Bertens, Dutch tennis player
* December 11 – Anna Bergendahl, Swedish singer
* December 15 – Eunice Cho, Korean-American actress
* December 19
** Jorge Blanco (musician), Jorge Blanco, Mexican musician, singer, dancer, and actor
** Sumire Uesaka, Japanese voice actress and singer
* December 20
** Jorginho (footballer, born December 1991), Jorginho, Brazilian-Italian footballer
** Jillian Rose Reed, American actress
* December 22 – DaBaby, American rapper
* December 24 – Louis Tomlinson, British singer
* December 26
** Andritany Ardhiyasa, Indonesian footballer
** Eden Sher, American actress
* December 27 – Chloe Bridges, American actress
* December 28 – Belime, Lebanese-born singer
* December 30 – Camila Giorgi, Italian tennis player

Deaths

January

* January 2 – Renato Rascel, Italian actor and singer (b. 1912)
* January 4
** Poon Lim, Chinese sailor (b. 1918)
** Richard Maibaum, American film producer, playwright and screenwriter (b. 1909)
* January 5 – Vasko Popa, Yugoslavian poet (b. 1922)
* January 8 – Steve Clark, English guitarist (b. 1960)
* January 11 – Carl David Anderson, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
* January 12
** Keye Luke, Chinese-born actor (b. 1904)
** Vasco Pratolini, Italian writer (b. 1913)
* January 14 – Salah Khalaf, Palestinian officer (b. 1933)
* January 17 – King Olav V of Norway (b. 1903)
* January 19 – John Russell (actor), John Russell, American actor (b. 1921)
* January 22 – Kenas Aroi, Nauruan politician (b. 1942)
* January 25
** Lilian Bond, English actress (b. 1908)
** Frank Soo, English footballer and manager (b. 1914)
* January 28 – Red Grange, American football player (Chicago Bears) and member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame (b. 1903)
* January 29 – Yasushi Inoue, Japanese historian (b. 1907)
* January 30
** John Bardeen, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1908)
** John McIntire, American actor (b. 1907)

February

* February 1 – Carol Dempster, American actress (b. 1901)
* February 3 – Nancy Kulp, American actress (b. 1921)
* February 5
** Pedro Arrupe, Spanish priest (b. 1907)
** Dean Jagger, American actor (b. 1903)
* February 6
** Salvador Luria, Italian-born American Nobel biologist (b. 1912)
** Danny Thomas, American singer, comedian, and actor (b. 1912)
** María Zambrano, Spanish essayist and philosopher (b. 1904)
* February 13 – Arno Breker, German sculptor (b. 1900)
* February 14 – John A. McCone, American politician, 6th Director of Central Intelligence (b. 1902)
* February 21
** John Sherman Cooper, American politician (b. 1901)
** Margot Fonteyn, English ballet dancer (b. 1919)
* February 24 – Jean Rogers, American actress (b. 1916)
* February 25 – Sverre Hansen (athlete), Sverre Hansen, Norwegian long jumper (b. 1899)

March

* March 1 – Edwin H. Land, inventor of the Polaroid instant camera (b. 1909)
* March 2 – Serge Gainsbourg, French singer (b. 1928)
* March 3 – William Penney, Baron Penney, British nuclear physicist (b. 1909)
* March 12 – Ragnar Granit, Finnish neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1900)
* March 14
** Howard Ashman, American lyricist (b. 1950)
** Doc Pomus, American composer (b. 1925)
* March 15 – Robin Hill (biochemist), Robin Hill, British plant biochemist (b. 1899)
* March 18 – Vilma Bánky, Hungarian-born actress (b. 1901)
* March 21 – Leo Fender, American instrument maker (b. 1909)
* March 23 – Elisaveta Bagriana, Bulgarian poet, Nobel Prize in Literature (b. 1893)
* March 24 – John Kerr (governor-general), Sir John Kerr, Governor-General of Australia (b. 1914)
* March 25 – Marcel Lefebvre, French Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1905)
* March 27 – Aldo Ray, American actor (b. 1926)
* March 29 – Lee Atwater, American political consultant and strategist (b. 1951)

April

* April 1
** Martha Graham, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1894)
** Paulo Muwanga, Ugandan military officer and statesman, 3rd Prime Minister of Uganda and 6th President of Uganda (b. 1921)
* April 3 – Graham Greene, English novelist (b. 1904)
* April 4 – Max Frisch, Swiss writer (b. 1911)
* April 5
** Sonny Carter, American astronaut (b. 1947)
** John Tower, American politician (b. 1925)
** William Sidney, 1st Viscount De L'Isle, former Governor-General of Australia (b. 1909)
* April 8
** Dead (musician), Dead, black metal vocalist (b. 1969)
* April 9 – Forrest Towns, American Olympic athlete (b. 1914)
* April 10
** Kevin Peter Hall, American actor (b. 1955)
** Natalie Schafer, American actress (b. 1900)
* April 14 – Dhalia, Indonesian actress (b. 1925)
* April 16 – David Lean, English film director (b. 1908)
* April 20
** Steve Marriott, English musician (b. 1947)
** Don Siegel, American film director (b. 1912)
** Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Mongolian Communist leader, former Party General Secretary, Prime Minister of Mongolia (b. 1916)
* April 23 – Johnny Thunders, American guitarist, singer and songwriter (b. 1952)
* April 26 – Carmine Coppola, American composer and conductor (b. 1910)
* April 27 – Robert Velter, French cartoonist (b. 1909)

May

* May 1
** Cesare Merzagora, Italian politician (b. 1898)
** Richard Thorpe, American film director (b. 1896)
* May 3 – Jerzy Kosiński, Polish-American writer (b. 1933)
* May 4 – Mohammed Abdel Wahab, Egyptian singer and composer (b. 1902)
* May 6 – Wilfrid Hyde-White, British actor (b. 1903)
* May 8
** Jean Langlais, French composer and organist (b. 1907)
** Rudolf Serkin, Austrian pianist (b. 1903)
* May 14 – Jiang Qing, Chinese radical revolutionary, widow of Mao Zedong (b. 1914)
* May 15
** Shintaro Abe, Japanese politician (b. 1924)
** Ronald Lacey, English actor (b. 1935)
* May 21
** Lino Brocka, Filipino film director (b. 1939)
** Rajiv Gandhi, 6th Prime Minister of India (b. 1944)
* May 22
** Derrick Henry Lehmer, American mathematician (b. 1905)
** Stan Mortensen, English footballer (b. 1921)
* May 23
** Jean Van Houtte, Belgian politician, 38th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1907)
** Wilhelm Kempff, German pianist (b. 1895)
* May 24 – Gene Clark, American singer (b. 1944)
* May 29 – Coral Browne, Australian actress (b. 1913)
* May 31 – Angus Wilson, English novelist (b. 1913)

June

* June 1 – David Ruffin, American singer (b. 1941)
* June 2 – Hailu Yimenu, Ethiopian politician, acting Prime Minister of Ethiopia
* June 3 – Eva Le Gallienne, English-born actress (b. 1899)
* June 6 – Stan Getz, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1927)
* June 9 – Claudio Arrau, Chilean-born pianist (b. 1903)
* June 14 – Peggy Ashcroft, British actress (b. 1907)
* June 15
** Happy Chandler, 2nd commissioner of Major League Baseball (b. 1898)
** W. Arthur Lewis, Saint Lucian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)
* June 18 – Joan Caulfield, American actress (b. 1922)
* June 19 – Jean Arthur, American actress (b. 1900)
* June 24 – Rufino Tamayo, Mexican painter (b. 1899)
* June 28 – Hans Nüsslein, German tennis player (b. 1910)
* June 29 – Henri Lefebvre, French sociologist and philosopher (b. 1901)

July

* July 1 – Michael Landon, American actor, writer, director, and producer (b. 1936)
* July 2 – Lee Remick, American actress (b. 1935)
* July 5 – Mildred Dunnock, American actress (b. 1901)
* July 6
** Mudashiru Lawal, Nigerian footballer (b. 1954)
** Anton Yugov, Bulgarian Communist politician, 35th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1904)
* July 8 – James Franciscus, American actor (b. 1934)
* July 11 – Mokhtar Dahari, Malaysian footballer (b. 1953)
* July 12 – Hitoshi Igarashi, Japanese interpreter (b. 1947)
* July 15 – Roger Revelle, American scientist and scholar (b. 1909)
* July 16 – Robert Motherwell, American painter (b. 1915)
* July 18 – Ambrus Nagy, Hungarian fencer and Olympic silver medalist (1956) (b. 1927)
* July 24 – Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish-born Yiddish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
* July 25 – Lazar Kaganovich, Soviet politician, former member of the CPSU Politburo and Deputy Prime Minister (b. 1893)
* July 27 – Pierre Brunet (figure skater), Pierre Brunet, French figure skater (b. 1902)
* July 29 – Christian de Castries, French general (b. 1902)

August

* August 3 – Ali Sabri, Egyptian politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Egypt (b. 1920)
* August 4 – Yevgeny Dragunov, Russian weapons designer (b. 1920)
* August 5
** Paul Brown, American football coach (b. 1908)
** Soichiro Honda, Japanese engineer and industrialist (b. 1917)
* August 6
** Shapour Bakhtiar, Iranian politician, 45th Prime Minister of Iran (b. 1915)
** Harry Reasoner, American journalist and newscaster (b. 1923)
* August 8
** James Irwin, American astronaut (b. 1930)
** Ivan Kozhedub, Soviet aviator (b. 1920)
* August 13 – James Roosevelt, American businessman, Marine, activist, and politician (b. 1907)
* August 16 – Luigi Zampa, Italian film-maker (b. 1905)
* August 22
** Colleen Dewhurst, Canadian-born American actress (b. 1924)
** Boris Pugo, Latvian communist politician, Soviet minister of the Interior (b. 1937)
* August 23 – Florence B. Seibert, American biochemist (b. 1897)
* August 24 – Sergey Akhromeyev, Marshall of the Soviet Union, Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces (b. 1923)
* August 30
** Cyril Knowles, English footballer and manager (b. 1944)
** Jean Tinguely, Swiss painter and sculptor (b. 1925)

September

* September 2 – Alfonso García Robles, Mexican diplomat and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1911)
* September 3
** Frank Capra, Italian-born American film director (b. 1897)
** Daniel Prenn, Russian-born German, Polish, and British tennis player (b. 1904)
* September 4 – Tom Tryon, American actor and writer (b. 1926)
* September 7 – Edwin McMillan, American chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1907)
* September 8
** Alex North, American film composer (b. 1910)
** Brad Davis (actor), Brad Davis, American actor (b. 1949)
* September 10 – Jack Crawford (tennis), Jack Crawford, Australian tennis champion (b. 1908)
* September 13 – Joe Pasternak, Hungarian-born film director (b. 1901)
* September 17 – Zino Francescatti, French violinist (b. 1902)
* September 24 – Dr. Seuss (Theodor Seuss Geisel), American author (b. 1904)
* September 25
** Klaus Barbie, German Gestapo leader in Lyon (b. 1913)
** Viviane Romance, French actress (b. 1912)
* September 27 – Oona O'Neill, English actress (b. 1925)
* September 28 – Miles Davis, American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer (b. 1926)

October

* October 2 – Patriarch Demetrios I of Constantinople (b. 1914)
* October 6 – Igor Talkov, Russian singer, poet, and composer (b. 1956)
* October 7 – Natalia Ginzburg, Italian author (b. 1916)
* October 9 – Roy Black (singer), Roy Black, German schlager actor and singer (b. 1943)
* October 11 – Redd Foxx, American comedian and actor (b. 1922)
* October 12
** Aline MacMahon, American actress (b. 1899)
** Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, Arkady Strugatsky, Soviet-Russian sci-fi author (b. 1925)
** Regis Toomey, American actor (b. 1898)
* October 13 – Daniel Oduber Quirós, Costa Rican politician, 37th President of Costa Rica (b. 1921)
* October 16 – Ole Beich, Danish musician (b. 1955)
* October 17 – Tennessee Ernie Ford, American singer (b. 1919)
* October 24 – Gene Roddenberry, American television producer (b. 1921)
* October 25 – Bill Graham (promoter), Bill Graham, American promoter (b. 1931)
* October 27
** Howard Kingsbury, American Olympic rower – Men's eights (b. 1904)
** Andrzej Panufnik, Polish musician and composer (b. 1914)
* October 29 – Mario Scelba, Italian politician, 33rd Prime Minister of Italy and President of the European Parliament (b. 1901)

November

* November 2
** Irwin Allen, American film and television producer (b. 1916)
** Mort Shuman, American singer, pianist and songwriter (b. 1938)
* November 5
** Fred MacMurray, American actor (b. 1908)
** Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born media entrepreneur (b. 1923)
* November 6 – Gene Tierney, American actress (b. 1920)
* November 7 – Tom of Finland, Finnish artist (b. 1920)
* November 9 – Yves Montand, French actor and singer (b. 1921)
* November 10 – Eva Bosáková, Czechoslovakian artistic gymnast (b. 1931)
* November 13 – Paul-Émile Léger, Canadian cardinal (b. 1904)
* November 14 – Tony Richardson, English film and theater director (b. 1928)
* November 17 – Adrian Quist, Australian tennis player (b. 1913)
* November 18 – Gustáv Husák, Czechoslovak politician, 9th President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1913)
* November 19 – Reggie Nalder, Austrian actor (b. 1907)
* November 21 – Daniel Mann, American film director (b. 1912)
* November 23 – Klaus Kinski, German actor (b. 1926)
* November 24
** Eric Carr, American drummer (b. 1950)
** Freddie Mercury, British lead singer and pianist (b. 1946)
* November 25 – Eleanor Audley, American actress (b. 1905)
* November 26 – Ed Heinemann, American aircraft designer (b. 1908)
* November 29
** Ralph Bellamy, American actor (b. 1904)
** Nasirdin Isanov, 1st Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (b. 1943)
** Frank Yerby, African American historical novelist (b. 1916)

December

* December 1
** Pat O'Callaghan, Irish athlete (b. 1906)
** George Stigler, American economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
* December 6 – Richard Stone, Sir Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1913)
* December 7 – Gordon Pirie, English athlete (b. 1931)
* December 8 – Buck Clayton, American jazz trumpet player (b. 1911)
* December 9 – Berenice Abbott, American photographer (b. 1898)
* December 10 – Franco Maria Malfatti, Italian politician (b. 1927)
* December 11 – Artur Lundkvist, Swedish author (b. 1906)
* December 12 – Eleanor Boardman, American actress (b. 1898)
* December 15 – Vasily Zaitsev (sniper), Vasily Zaytsev, Russian World War II hero (b. 1915)
* December 18 – George Abecassis, English racing driver (b. 1913)
* December 20 – Walter Chiari, Italian actor (b. 1924)
* December 22 – Ernst Krenek, Austrian-American composer (b. 1900)
* December 27 – Hervé Guibert, French writer and photographer (b. 1955)
* December 28 – Cassandra Harris, Australian actress (b. 1948)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Richard R. Ernst
* Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Economics – Ronald Coase
* Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Nadine Gordimer
* Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Aung San Suu Kyi
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann

References

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