Events

January

January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...

–

Air India Flight 855 Air India Flight 855 was a scheduled passenger flight from Santa Cruz Airport, Bombay to Dubai International Airport, Dubai. On New Years Day in 1978, the Boeing 747 operating the flight crashed about off the coast of Bandra, Bombay (now Mum ...

, a

Boeing 747 The Boeing 747 is a large, long-range wide-body airliner designed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in the United States between 1968 and 2022. After introducing the 707 in October 1958, Pan Am wanted a jet times its size, t ...

passenger jet, crashes off the coast of

Bombay Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the second- ...

, killing 213. *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 *1675 – Battle of Turckh ...

–

Bülent Ecevit Mustafa Bülent Ecevit (; 28 May 1925 – 5 November 2006) was a Turkish politician, statesman, poet, writer, scholar, and journalist, who served as the Prime Minister of Turkey four times between 1974 and 2002. He served as prime minister in ...

, of CHP, forms the new government of

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

(42nd government). *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

– The

Holy Crown of Hungary The Holy Crown of Hungary ( hu, Szent Korona; sh, Kruna svetoga Stjepana; la, Sacra Corona; sk, Svätoštefanská koruna , la, Sacra Corona), also known as the Crown of Saint Stephen, named in honour of Saint Stephen I of Hungary, was the ...

(also known as

Stephen of Hungary Stephen I, also known as King Saint Stephen ( hu, Szent István király ; la, Sanctus Stephanus; sk, Štefan I. or Štefan Veľký; 975 – 15 August 1038), was the last Grand Prince of the Hungarians between 997 and 1000 or 1001, and the f ...

Crown) is returned to Hungary from the United States, where it was held since

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

. *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

–

Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal (23 September 1924 – 10 January 1978) was a Nicaraguan journalist and publisher. He was the editor of ''La Prensa'', the only significant opposition newspaper to the long rule of the Somoza family. He is a 19 ...

, a critic of the

Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the cou ...

n government, is assassinated; riots erupt against

Somoza The Somoza family ( es, Familia Somoza) is a former political family that ruled Nicaragua for forty-three years from 1936 to 1979. Their family dictatorship was founded by Anastasio Somoza García and was continued by his two sons Luis Somoza D ...

's government. *

January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...

– The

European Court of Human Rights The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR or ECtHR), also known as the Strasbourg Court, is an international court of the Council of Europe which interprets the European Convention on Human Rights. The court hears applications alleging that a ...

finds the British government guilty of mistreating prisoners in

Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label= Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Nort ...

, but not guilty of torture. *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...

–

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

declares the ambassador of West Germany ''

persona non grata In diplomacy, a ' (Latin: "person not welcome", plural: ') is a status applied by a host country to foreign diplomats to remove their protection of diplomatic immunity from arrest and other types of prosecution. Diplomacy Under Article 9 of the ...

''. *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Cou ...

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

satellite

Kosmos 954 Kosmos 954 (russian: Космос 954) was a reconnaissance satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1977. A malfunction prevented safe separation of its onboard nuclear reactor; when the satellite reentered the Earth's atmosphere the follow ...

burns up in Earth's atmosphere, scattering debris over Canada's

Northwest Territories The Northwest Territories (abbreviated ''NT'' or ''NWT''; french: Territoires du Nord-Ouest, formerly ''North-Western Territory'' and ''North-West Territories'' and namely shortened as ''Northwest Territory'') is a federal territory of Canada. ...

. **

Rose Dugdale Bridget Rose Dugdale (born 1941), better known as Rose Dugdale, is a former debutante who rebelled against her wealthy upbringing, becoming a volunteer in the militant Irish republican organisation, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA). ...

and Eddie Gallagher become the first convicted prisoners to marry in prison since the establishment of the

Republic of Ireland Ireland ( ga, Éire ), also known as the Republic of Ireland (), is a country in north-western Europe consisting of 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, on the eastern side of the island. A ...

. *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...

– 27 – The

Great Blizzard of 1978 The Great Blizzard of 1978 was an historic winter storm that struck the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes regions of the United States as well as Southern Ontario in Canada from Wednesday, January 25 through Friday, January 27, 1978. It is often cited ...

strikes the

Ohio Valley The Ohio River is a long river in the United States. It is located at the boundary of the Midwestern and Southern United States, flowing southwesterly from western Pennsylvania to its mouth on the Mississippi River at the southern tip of Illinoi ...

and

Great Lakes The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five lakes ...

, killing 70.

February

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

– Film director

Roman Polanski Raymond Roman Thierry Polański , group=lower-alpha, name=note_a (né Liebling; 18 August 1933) is a French-Polish film director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. He is the recipient of numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, two ...

skips

bail Bail is a set of pre-trial restrictions that are imposed on a suspect to ensure that they will not hamper the judicial process. Bail is the conditional release of a defendant with the promise to appear in court when required. In some countries ...

and flees to France, after pleading guilty to charges of engaging in

sex Sex is the trait that determines whether a sexually reproducing animal or plant produces male or female gametes. Male plants and animals produce smaller mobile gametes (spermatozoa, sperm, pollen), while females produce larger ones (ova, oft ...

with a 13-year-old girl. *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. * 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion. * 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...

– 7 – The

Northeastern United States blizzard of 1978 The Northeastern United States blizzard of 1978 was a catastrophic, historic nor'easter that struck New England, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and the New York metropolitan area. The Blizzard of '78 formed on Sunday, February 5, 1978, and broke up o ...

hits the

New England New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces ...

region and the

New York metropolitan area The New York metropolitan area, also commonly referred to as the Tri-State area, is the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban area, urban landmass, at , and one of the list of most populous metropolitan areas, most populous urban agg ...

, killing about 100, and causing over US$520 million in damage. *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop. 1601–1900 * 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of ...

–

King Dragon operation in Arakan Operation Dragon King ( my, နဂါးမင်း စစ်ဆင်ရေး), officially known as Operation Nagamin in English, was a military operation carried in 1978 out by the Tatmadaw and Ministry of Immigration and Population, immigr ...

: Burmese General

Ne Win Ne Win ( my, နေဝင်း ; 10 July 1910, or 14 or 24 May 1911 – 5 December 2002) was a Burmese politician and military commander who served as Prime Minister of Burma from 1958 to 1960 and 1962 to 1974, and also President of Burma ...

targets Muslim minorities in the village of Sakkipara. *

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. *1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...

–

United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and pow ...

proceedings are broadcast on

radio Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmit ...

for the first time. *

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. * 1539 – The first recorded race is hel ...

– The

Budd Company The Budd Company was a 20th-century metal fabricator, a major supplier of body components to the automobile industry, and a manufacturer of stainless steel passenger rail cars, airframes, missile and space vehicles, and various defense products ...

unveils its first

SPV-2000 The Budd SPV-2000 is a self-propelled diesel multiple unit railcar built by the Budd Company between 1978 and 1981 for use on North American commuter railroads. The design was a successor to Budd's popular Rail Diesel Car (RDC) but based on the b ...

self-propelled railcar in

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...

, United States. *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...

Pacific Western Airlines Flight 314 On 11 February 1978, Pacific Western Airlines Flight 314, a Boeing 737-200, crashed at Cranbrook/Canadian Rockies International Airport, near Cranbrook, British Columbia, Canada, killing 43 of the 49 people on board. The scheduled flight from ...

, a

Boeing 737 The Boeing 737 is a narrow-body aircraft produced by Boeing at its Renton Factory in Washington. Developed to supplement the Boeing 727 on short and thin routes, the twinjet retains the 707 fuselage width and six abreast seating with two un ...

-200, crashes in

Cranbrook, British Columbia Cranbrook ( ) is a city in southeast British Columbia, Canada, located on the west side of the Kootenay River at its confluence with the St. Mary River (British Columbia), St. Mary's River. It is the largest urban centre in the region known as the ...

, killing 44 of the 50 people on board. **

Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...

mobilizes its troops to deal with an apparent

n attack. ** The People's Republic of China lifts a ban on works by

Aristotle Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of phil ...

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...

and

Charles Dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian e ...

. *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...

– Sydney Hilton Hotel bombing: A bomb explodes outside the

Hilton Hotel Hilton Hotels & Resorts (formerly known as Hilton Hotels) is a global brand of full-service hotels and resorts and the flagship brand of American multinational hospitality company Hilton. The original company was founded by Conrad Hilton. As ...

in Sydney, Australia, killing a policeman and two civilians, and injuring several other people. *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

–

Rhodesia Rhodesia (, ), officially from 1970 the Republic of Rhodesia, was an unrecognised state in Southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was the ''de facto'' successor state to the British colony of S ...

, one of only two remaining white-ruled African nations (the other being South Africa), announces that it will accept

multiracial democracy Multiracial democracy is a democratic political system that is multiracial. It is cited as aspiration in South Africa after apartheid and as existing for the United States. See also * Cultural mosaic * Ethnopluralism * Intercultural relations * ...

within 2 years. *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...

–

Egyptian raid on Larnaca International Airport On 19 February 1978, Egyptian special forces raided Larnaca International Airport near Larnaca, Cyprus, in an attempt to intervene in a hijacking. Earlier, two assassins had killed prominent Egyptian newspaper editor Yusuf Sibai and then round ...

Egyptian Special Forces El-Sa‘ka Forces ( ar, قوات الصاعقة, lit=Thunderbolt Forces, translit=Kuwat El Sa‘ka), is an Egyptian Military of Egypt, military commando force established by Major General Jalal Mahmoud Fahmy Al-Haridi. High fitness is required and ...

attempt to rescue several hostages in Larnaca, Cyprus; 20 Egyptian commandos are injured or killed. *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. ...

– The first Legislative Assembly election is held in

Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh (, ) is a state in Northeastern India. It was formed from the erstwhile North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) region, and became a state on 20 February 1987. It borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south. It shares int ...

, India. *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantinople ...

– The first

global positioning satellite The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force. It is one of the global navigation satellite sys ...

, the

Rockwell International Rockwell International was a major American manufacturing conglomerate involved in aircraft, the space industry, defense and commercial electronics, components in the automotive industry, printing presses, avionics and industrial products. R ...

-built Navstar 1, is launched by the United States.

March

March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor ...

–

Charlie Chaplin Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin Jr. (16 April 188925 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, the Tramp, and is consider ...

's remains are stolen from Cosier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland. *

March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his ''bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...

– ''

Soyuz 28 Soyuz 28 (russian: Союз 28, ''Union 28'') was a March 1978 Soviet crewed mission to the orbiting Salyut 6 space station. It was the fourth mission to the station, the third successful docking, and the second visit to the resident crew launche ...

'' (

Aleksei Gubarev Aleksei Aleksandrovich Gubarev (russian: Алексе́й Алекса́ндрович Гу́барев; 29 March 1931 – 21 February 2015) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on two space flights: Soyuz 17 and Soyuz 28. Biography Gubarev grad ...

Vladimír Remek Vladimír Remek (born 26 September 1948) is a Czech, formerly Czechoslovak, politician and diplomat, as well as a former cosmonaut and military pilot. He flew aboard Soyuz 28 from 2 to 10 March 1978, becoming the first and only Czechoslovak in ...

) is launched on a rendezvous with ''

Salyut 6 Salyut 6 (russian: Салют-6; lit. Salute 6), DOS-5, was a Soviet orbital space station, the eighth station of the Salyut programme. It was launched on 29 September 1977 by a Proton rocket. Salyut 6 was the first space station to receiv ...

'', with the first cosmonaut from a country other than the USA or USSR (Czechoslovakian Vladimír Remek). *

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 &nd ...

admits that its troops are fighting with the aid of

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

n soldiers, against

n troops in the

Ogaden Ogaden (pronounced and often spelled ''Ogadēn''; so, Ogaadeen, am, ውጋዴ/ውጋዴን) is one of the historical names given to the modern Somali Region, the territory comprising the eastern portion of Ethiopia formerly part of the Harargh ...

. **

attacks

Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most cent ...

. ** The ''

New York Post The ''New York Post'' (''NY Post'') is a conservative daily tabloid newspaper published in New York City. The ''Post'' also operates NYPost.com, the celebrity gossip site PageSix.com, and the entertainment site Decider.com. It was established ...

'' publishes an article about

David Rorvik David Michael Rorvik (born 1944) is an American journalist and novelist who was the author of the 1978 book ''In his Image: The Cloning of a Man'' in which he claimed to have been part of a successful endeavor to create a clone of a human being. T ...

's book ''The Cloning of Man'', about a supposed cloning of a human being. *

March 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''. *1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León. * 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bour ...

– The first radio episode of ''

The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'' (sometimes referred to as ''HG2G'', ''HHGTTG'', ''H2G2'', or ''tHGttG'') is a comic science fiction, comedy science fiction franchise created by Douglas Adams. Originally The Hitchhiker's Guide to th ...

'', by

Douglas Adams Douglas Noel Adams (11 March 1952 – 11 May 2001) was an English author and screenwriter, best known for ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy''. Originally a 1978 BBC radio comedy, ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'' developed into a " ...

, is transmitted on

BBC Radio 4 BBC Radio 4 is a British national radio station owned and operated by the BBC that replaced the BBC Home Service in 1967. It broadcasts a wide variety of spoken-word programmes, including news, drama, comedy, science and history from the BBC' ...

. *

March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a t ...

– ''

'' lands. *

March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander. * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the venerati ...

– Coastal Road massacre:

Palestinian Palestinians ( ar, الفلسطينيون, ; he, פָלַסְטִינִים, ) or Palestinian people ( ar, الشعب الفلسطيني, label=none, ), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs ( ar, الفلسطينيين العرب, label=non ...

terrorists Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of criminal violence to provoke a state of terror or fear, mostly with the intention to achieve political or religious aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violen ...

kill 34

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

is. *

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...

–

Operation Litani The 1978 South Lebanon conflict (codenamed Operation Litani by Israel) began after Israel invaded southern Lebanon up to the Litani River in March 1978, in response to the Coastal Road massacre near Tel Aviv by Lebanon-based Palestinian mil ...

i forces invade

Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus li ...

. *

March 15 Events Pre-1600 * 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce. *44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place. * 493 – Odoa ...

–

and

sign a truce to end the

Ethio-Somali War The Ogaden War, or the Ethio-Somali War (, am, የኢትዮጵያ ሶማሊያ ጦርነት, ye’ītiyop’iya somalīya t’orineti), was a military conflict fought between Somalia and Ethiopia from July 1977 to March 1978 over the Ethiopi ...

. *

March 16 Events Pre-1600 * 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang. *1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York. * 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...

– Former Italian Premier

Aldo Moro Aldo Romeo Luigi Moro (; 23 September 1916 – 9 May 1978) was an Italian statesman and a prominent member of the Christian Democracy (DC). He served as prime minister of Italy from December 1963 to June 1968 and then from November 1974 to July ...

is kidnapped by the

Red Brigades The Red Brigades ( it, Brigate Rosse , often abbreviated BR) was a far-left Marxist–Leninist armed organization operating as a terrorist and guerrilla group based in Italy responsible for numerous violent incidents, including the abduction ...

; 5 bodyguards are killed. *

March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of eigh ...

– An oil tanker, ''

Amoco Cadiz ''Amoco Cadiz'' was a VLCC (very large crude carrier) owned by Amoco Transport Corp and transporting crude oil for Shell Oil. Operating under the Liberian flag of convenience, she ran aground on 16 March 1978 on Portsall Rocks, from the coast ...

'', runs aground on the coast of

Brittany Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, Historical region, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known ...

. *

March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Zulfikar (or Zulfiqar) Ali Bhutto ( ur, , sd, ذوالفقار علي ڀٽو; 5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979), also known as Quaid-e-Awam ("the People's Leader"), was a Pakistani barrister, politician and statesman who served as the fourth ...

Prime Minister of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan ( ur, , romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen cabinet, despite the president of Paki ...

, is sentenced to death by hanging, for ordering the assassination of a political opponent. **

California Jam II California Jam II (also known as Cal Jam II) was a music festival held in Ontario, California, at the Ontario Motor Speedway on March 18, 1978, and produced by Leonard Stogel, Sandy Feldman, and Don Branker. More than 350,000 people attended. The ...

is held at the

Ontario Motor Speedway Ontario Motor Speedway was a motorsport venue located in Ontario, California. It was the first and only automobile racing facility built to accommodate major races sanctioned by all of the four dominant racing sanctioning bodies: USAC (and now In ...

Ontario, California Ontario is a city in southwestern San Bernardino County in the U.S. state of California, east of downtown Los Angeles and west of downtown San Bernardino, the county seat. Located in the western part of the Inland Empire metropolitan area, ...

, attracting more than 300,000 fans. *

March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthelr ...

–

Karl Wallenda Karl Wallenda (; January 21, 1905 – March 22, 1978) was a German-American high wire artist and founder of The Flying Wallendas, a daredevil circus act which performed dangerous stunts, often without a safety net. Personal life Wallenda was bo ...

The Flying Wallendas The Flying Wallendas is a circus act and group of daredevil stunt performers who perform highwire acts without a safety net. They were first known as ''The Great Wallendas'', but the current name was coined by the press in the 1940s and has st ...

dies, after falling off a tight-rope between two hotels in

San Juan, Puerto Rico San Juan (, , ; Spanish for "Saint John") is the capital city and most populous municipality in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States. As of the 2020 census, it is the 57th-largest city under the jur ...

. *

March 26 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, is ...

– The

control tower Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through a given section of controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airsp ...

and some other facilities of

New Tokyo International Airport Narita International Airport ( ja, 成田国際空港, Narita Kokusai Kūkō) , also known as Tokyo-Narita, formerly and originally known as , is one of two international airports serving the Greater Tokyo Area, the other one being Haneda Airport ...

, which were scheduled to open on March 31, are illegally occupied and damaged in a terrorist attack by

New Left The New Left was a broad political movement mainly in the 1960s and 1970s consisting of activists in the Western world who campaigned for a broad range of social issues such as civil and political rights, environmentalism, feminism, gay rights, g ...

activists, forcing a rescheduling of its opening date to May 20. *

March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...

San Francisco San Francisco (; Spanish language, Spanish for "Francis of Assisi, Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the List of Ca ...

's City Council signs the United States's most comprehensive

gay rights Rights affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people vary greatly by country or jurisdiction—encompassing everything from the legal recognition of same-sex marriage to the death penalty for homosexuality. Notably, , 3 ...

bill. ** ''

Stump v. Sparkman ''Stump v. Sparkman'', 435 U.S. 349 (1978), is the leading United States Supreme Court decision on judicial immunity. It involved an Indiana judge who was sued by a young woman who had been sterilized without her knowledge as a minor in accorda ...

'' (435 U.S. 349): The

Supreme Court of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...

hands down a 5–3 decision, in a controversial case involving involuntary sterilization and

judicial immunity Judicial immunity is a form of sovereign immunity, which protects judges and others employed by the judiciary from liability resulting from their judicial actions. Though judges have immunity from lawsuit, in constitutional democracies judicial m ...

April

April 1 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held. * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. *1081 – Alexios I Kom ...

New Zealand National Airways Corporation New Zealand National Airways Corporation, popularly known as NAC, was the national domestic airline of New Zealand from 1947 until 1978 when it amalgamated with New Zealand's international airline, Air New Zealand. The airline was headquartere ...

(the domestic airline of New Zealand) is merged with New Zealand's international airline,

Air New Zealand Air New Zealand Limited () is the flag carrier airline of New Zealand. Based in Auckland, the airline operates scheduled passenger flights to 20 domestic and 30 international destinations in 18 countries, primarily around and within the Pacific ...

. ** Dick Smith of

Dick Smith Foods Dick Smith Foods was a food brand created by Australian entrepreneur Dick Smith to provide Australian owned and produced alternatives to products from foreign-owned food companies. Generally, the brand focused on producing local alternatives to ...

tows a fake

iceberg An iceberg is a piece of freshwater ice more than 15 m long that has broken off a glacier or an ice shelf and is floating freely in open (salt) water. Smaller chunks of floating glacially-derived ice are called "growlers" or "bergy bits". The ...

Sydney Harbour Port Jackson, consisting of the waters of Sydney Harbour, Middle Harbour, North Harbour and the Lane Cove and Parramatta Rivers, is the ria or natural harbour of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The harbour is an inlet of the Tasman Sea (p ...

. ** The Philippine College of Commerce, through a presidential decree, is converted to the

Polytechnic University of the Philippines , mottoeng = ''Light of the Nation'' , type = Public coeducational research higher education institution , established = October 19, 1904 , closed = , religious_affiliation = ...

. *

April 2 Events Pre-1600 *1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St. Jo ...

– ''

Dallas Dallas () is the List of municipalities in Texas, third largest city in Texas and the largest city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the List of metropolitan statistical areas, fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States at 7.5 ...

'' debuts on

CBS CBS Broadcasting Inc., commonly shortened to CBS, the abbreviation of its former legal name Columbia Broadcasting System, is an American commercial broadcast television and radio network serving as the flagship property of the CBS Entertainmen ...

, and gives birth to the modern day primetime soap opera. *

April 3 Events Pre-1600 * 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul. * 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. * 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created ...

– The

50th Academy Awards The 50th Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored films released in 1977 and took place on April 3, 1978, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 7:00 p.m. PST ...

are held at the

Dorothy Chandler Pavilion The Dorothy Chandler Pavilion is one of the halls in the Los Angeles Music Center, which is one of the largest performing arts centers in the United States. The Music Center's other halls include the Mark Taper Forum, Ahmanson Theatre, and Walt ...

Los Angeles Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world' ...

, with ''

Annie Hall ''Annie Hall'' is a 1977 American satirical romantic comedy-drama film directed by Woody Allen from a screenplay written by him and Marshall Brickman, and produced by Allen's manager, Charles H. Joffe. The film stars Allen as Alvy Singer, w ...

'' winning

Best Picture This is a list of categories of awards commonly awarded through organizations that bestow film awards, including those presented by various film, festivals, and people's awards. Best Actor/Best Actress *See Best Actor#Film awards, Best Actress#F ...

. *

April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...

– U.S. President

Jimmy Carter James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, he previously served as th ...

decides to postpone production of the

neutron bomb A neutron bomb, officially defined as a type of enhanced radiation weapon (ERW), is a low-yield thermonuclear weapon designed to maximize lethal neutron radiation in the immediate vicinity of the blast while minimizing the physical power of the b ...

, a weapon that kills people with radiation, but leaves buildings relatively intact. *

April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, s ...

– Somali

military officers An officer is a person who holds a position of authority as a member of an armed force or uniformed service. Broadly speaking, "officer" means a commissioned officer, a non-commissioned officer, or a warrant officer. However, absent context ...

stage an unsuccessful coup against the government of

Siad Barre Mohamed Siad Barre ( so, Maxamed Siyaad Barre, Osmanya script: ; ar, محمد سياد بري; c. 1910 – 2 January 1995) was a Somali head of state and general who served as the 3rd president of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1969 to 199 ...

; security forces thwart the attempt within hours, and several conspirators are arrested. *

April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...

– 1978 Tbilisi Demonstrations: Thousands of Georgians demonstrate against an attempt by

authorities to change the constitutional status of the

Georgian language Georgian (, , ) is the most widely-spoken Kartvelian language, and serves as the literary language or lingua franca for speakers of related languages. It is the official language of Georgia and the native or primary language of 87.6% of its p ...

. *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. * 1428 – Peace of Ferrara betw ...

– The U.S. Senate votes, 68–32, to turn the

Panama Canal The Panama Canal ( es, Canal de Panamá, link=no) is an artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit ...

over to

Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Cos ...

nian control on December 31,

1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootin ...

. *

April 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. 1601–1900 * 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament. * 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...

– A Soviet air defense plane shoots down

Korean Air Lines Flight 902 Korean Air Lines Flight 902 (KAL 902) was a scheduled Korean Air Lines flight from Paris to Seoul via Anchorage. On 20 April 1978, the Soviet air defense shot down the aircraft serving the flight, a Boeing 707, near Murmansk, Soviet Union, afte ...

; the plane makes an emergency landing on a frozen lake. *

April 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil. * 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. * 1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern ...

** Izhar Cohen & the Alphabeta win the

Eurovision Song Contest 1978 The Eurovision Song Contest 1978 was the 23rd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Paris, France, following the country's victory at the with the song " L'Oiseau et l'Enfant" by Marie Myriam. Organised by the European ...

for

with their song ''A-Ba-Ni-Bi''. ** The

One Love Peace Concert The One Love Concert (OLPC) was a large concert held on 22 April 1978 at The National Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica. This concert was held during a political civil war in Jamaica between opposing parties Jamaican Labour Party and the People's ...

is held at National Heroes Stadium in

Kingston, Jamaica Kingston is the capital and largest city of Jamaica, located on the southeastern coast of the island. It faces a natural harbour protected by the Palisadoes, a long sand spit which connects the town of Port Royal and the Norman Manley Inter ...

Bob Marley Robert Nesta Marley (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981; baptised in 1980 as Berhane Selassie) was a Jamaican singer, musician, and songwriter. Considered one of the pioneers of reggae, his musical career was marked by fusing elements o ...

unites two opposing political leaders at this concert, bringing peace to the civil war-ridden streets of the city. *

April 25 Events Pre-1600 * 404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...

– St. Paul, Minnesota becomes the second U.S. city to repeal its gay rights ordinance, after

Anita Bryant Anita Jane Bryant (born March 25, 1940) is an American singer known for anti-gay activism. She scored four "Top 40" hits in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s, including "Paper Roses" which reached No. 5 on the charts. She was th ...

's successful 1977 anti-gay campaign in

Miami-Dade County, Florida Miami-Dade County is a County (United States), county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Florida. The county had a population of 2,701,767 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the most populous county in ...

. *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere ...

's president Daoud Khan is killed, and his family murdered, during a Marxist military coup d'état;

Nur Muhammad Taraki Nur Muhammad Taraki (; 14 July 1917 – 9 October 1979) was an Afghan revolutionary communist politician, journalist and writer. He was a founding member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) who served as its General Secret ...

succeeds him, beginning the

Afghan war War in Afghanistan, Afghan war, or Afghan civil war may refer to: *Conquest of Afghanistan by Alexander the Great (330 BC – 327 BC) *Muslim conquests of Afghanistan (637–709) *Conquest of Afghanistan by the Mongol Empire (13th century), see als ...

which has not ended yet. ** Willow Island disaster – In the deadliest construction accident in United States history, 51 construction workers are killed when a

cooling tower A cooling tower is a device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a coolant stream, usually a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and ...

under construction collapses at the

Pleasants Power Station Pleasants Power Station is a 1.3-gigawatt (1,300 MW) coal power plant located near Belmont, West Virginia in Pleasants County, West Virginia. The plant is owned by Energy Harbor and began operations in 1979. The power plant was the site of th ...

in Willow Island, West Virginia. *

April 30 Events Pre-1600 * 311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends. * 1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois. *1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus hi ...

– The Marxist "

Democratic Republic of Afghanistan The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA),, renamed the Republic of Afghanistan, in 1987, was the Afghan state during the one-party rule of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) from 1978 to 1992. The PDPA came to power ...

" is proclaimed, under pro-communist leader

May

May 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''. * 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus are ...

** The

Battle of Cassinga The Battle of Cassinga also known as the Cassinga Raid or Kassinga Massacre was a controversial South African airborne attack on a South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) military camp at the town of Cassinga, Angola on 4 May 1978. Cond ...

occurs in southern

Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...

. **

Communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...

activist

Henri Curiel Henri Curiel (13 September 1914 – 4 May 1978) was a left-wing political activist in Egypt and France. Born in Egypt, Curiel led the communist Democratic Movement for National Liberation until he was expelled from the country in 1950. Settling in ...

is murdered in Paris. *

May 5 Events Pre-1600 * 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins. *1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta. * 1260 – Ku ...

–

Pete Rose Peter Edward Rose Sr. (born April 14, 1941), also known by his nickname "Charlie Hustle", is an American former professional baseball player and manager. Rose played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1963 to 1986, most prominently as a membe ...

of the

Cincinnati Reds The Cincinnati Reds are an American professional baseball team based in Cincinnati. They compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) National League Central, Central division and were a charter member of ...

gets his 3,000th major league hit. *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...

** Norway opens a

natural gas Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbo ...

field, in the Polar Sea. **

Reinhold Messner Reinhold Andreas Messner (; born 17 September 1944) is an Italian mountaineer, explorer, and author from South Tyrol. He made the first solo ascent of Mount Everest and, along with Peter Habeler, the first ascent of Everest without supplemental ...

(Italy) and

Peter Habeler Peter Habeler (born 22 July 1942) is an Austrian mountaineer. He was born in Mayrhofen, Austria. He developed an interest in mountain climbing at age six.http://www.everesthistory.com/climbers/habeler Among his accomplishments as a mountaineer a ...

(Austria) make the first ascent of Mount Everest, without supplemental oxygen. *

May 9 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. *1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. *1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...

– In Rome, the corpse of former Italian prime minister

, is found in a red

Renault 4 The Renault 4, also known as the 4L (pronounced "Quatrelle" in French), is a small economy car produced by the French automaker Renault between 1961 and 1994. Although the Renault 4 was marketed as a short station wagon, its minimal rear overhang ...

. *

May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...

– In

Zaire Zaire (, ), officially the Republic of Zaire (french: République du Zaïre, link=no, ), was a Congolese state from 1971 to 1997 in Central Africa that was previously and is now again known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire was, ...

, rebels occupy the city of

Kolwezi Kolwezi or Kolwesi is the capital city of Lualaba Province in the south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, west of Likasi. It is home to an airport and a railway to Lubumbashi. Just outside of Kolwezi there is the static inverter plant of ...

, the mining centre of the province of Shaba. The Zairean government asks the U.S., France and Belgium to restore order. *

– 13 – A group of

mercenaries A mercenary, sometimes also known as a soldier of fortune or hired gun, is a private individual, particularly a soldier, that joins a military conflict for personal profit, is otherwise an outsider to the conflict, and is not a member of any o ...

, led by

Bob Denard Robert Denard (born Gilbert Bourgeaud; 7 April 1929 – 13 October 2007) was a French soldier of fortune and mercenary. He served as the Military Leader of The Comoros twice with him first serving from 13 May 1978 to 15 December 1989 and again ...

, oust

Ali Soilih Ali Soilih M'Tsashiwa ( ar, علي صويلح; January 7, 1937 – May 29, 1978) was a Comorian socialist revolutionary and political figure who served as the 3rd President of the Comoros from 3 January 1976 to 13 May 1978. Biography Soilih ...

in the

Comoros The Comoros,, ' officially the Union of the Comoros,; ar, الاتحاد القمري ' is an independent country made up of three islands in southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. It ...

; ten local soldiers are killed. Denard forms a new government. *

May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...

– Students of the

University of Tehran The University of Tehran (Tehran University or UT, fa, دانشگاه تهران) is the most prominent university located in Tehran, Iran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as its research and teaching pro ...

riot in

Tabriz Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. In the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Aze ...

; the army stops the riot. *

May 17 Events Pre-1600 *1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. * 1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...

–

's coffin is found some from the cemetery from which it was stolen, near Lake Geneva. *

May 18 Events Pre-1600 * 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople. * 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of 4 ...

** Soviet dissident

Yuri Orlov Yuri Fyodorovich Orlov (russian: Ю́рий Фёдорович Орло́в, 13 August 1924 – 27 September 2020) was a particle accelerator physicist, human rights activist, Soviet dissident, founder of the Moscow Helsinki Group, a founding ...

is sentenced to 7 years' hard labor, for distributing 'counterrevolutionary material'. **

Sarajevo Sarajevo ( ; cyrl, Сарајево, ; ''see Names of European cities in different languages (Q–T)#S, names in other languages'') is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its a ...

is selected to host the

1984 Winter Olympics The 1984 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XIV Olympic Winter Games (Serbo-Croatian and Slovene: ''XIV. Zimske olimpijske igre''; Cyrillic: XIV Зимске олимпијске игре; mk, XIV Зимски олимписки игр ...

, and Los Angeles is selected to host the

1984 Summer Olympics The 1984 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXIII Olympiad and also known as Los Angeles 1984) were an international multi-sport event held from July 28 to August 12, 1984, in Los Angeles, California, United States. It marked the secon ...

. *

– 19 – Belgian and French paratroopers fly to Zaire, to aid the fight against the rebels. *

May 19 Events Pre-1600 * 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace. * 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected. * 1051 – Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev. *1445 &n ...

– 20 –

French Foreign Legion The French Foreign Legion (french: Légion étrangère) is a corps of the French Army which comprises several specialties: infantry, Armoured Cavalry Arm, cavalry, Military engineering, engineers, Airborne forces, airborne troops. It was created ...

paratrooper A paratrooper is a military parachutist—someone trained to parachute into a military operation, and usually functioning as part of an airborne force. Military parachutists (troops) and parachutes were first used on a large scale during World ...

s land in

, to rescue Europeans in the middle of a civil war. *

May 20 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church. * 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...

–

Mavis Hutchinson Mavis Hutchison (25 November 1924 – 19 May 2022) was a South African athlete, primarily known for running in ultramarathons. Career Born in South Africa, Hutchison's career began as a race walker, and her first record was in the 50-mile walk k ...

, 53, becomes the first woman to run across the U.S.; her trek took 69 days. *

May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. * 11 ...

– Exiled leaders

Ahmed Abdallah Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane ( ar, أحمد عبد الله عبد الرحمن, , 12 June 1919 – 26 November 1989) was a Comorian politician. He was a member of the French Senate from 1959 to 1973, and President of the Comoros from 25 Octobe ...

and

Muhammad Ahmad Muhammad Ahmad ( ar, محمد أحمد ابن عبد الله; 12 August 1844 – 22 June 1885) was a Nubian Sufi religious leader of the Samaniyya order in Sudan who, as a youth, studied Sunni Islam. In 1881, he claimed to be the Mahdi, an ...

return to the

. *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. *240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...

** First

Unabomber Theodore John Kaczynski ( ; born May 22, 1942), also known as the Unabomber (), is an American domestic terrorist and former mathematics professor. Between 1978 and 1995, Kaczynski killed three people and injured 23 others in a nationwide ...

attack: A bomb explodes in the security section of

Northwestern University Northwestern University is a private research university in Evanston, Illinois. Founded in 1851, Northwestern is the oldest chartered university in Illinois and is ranked among the most prestigious academic institutions in the world. Charte ...

, wounding a security guard. ** In a rematch of the previous season, the

Montreal Canadiens The Montreal CanadiensEven in English, the French spelling is always used instead of ''Canadians''. The French spelling of ''Montréal'' is also sometimes used in the English media. (french: link=no, Les Canadiens de Montréal), officially ...

again defeat the

Boston Bruins The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston. The Bruins compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Atlantic Division in the Eastern Conference. The team has been in existence since 1924, making t ...

, this time four games to two, to win the

Stanley Cup The Stanley Cup (french: La Coupe Stanley) is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League (NHL) playoff champion. It is the oldest existing trophy to be awarded to a professional sports franchise in North America, an ...

. *

May 26 Events Pre-1600 * 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe. * 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire take ...

– In

Atlantic City, New Jersey Atlantic City, often known by its initials A.C., is a coastal resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. The city is known for its casinos, boardwalk, and beaches. In 2020, the city had a population of 38,497.

, Resorts International, the first legal

casino A casino is a facility for certain types of gambling. Casinos are often built near or combined with hotels, resorts, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships, and other tourist attractions. Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertai ...

in the eastern United States, opens. *

May 28 Events Pre-1600 * 585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from w ...

–

Indianapolis 500 The Indianapolis 500, formally known as the Indianapolis 500-Mile Race, and commonly called the Indy 500, is an annual automobile race held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS) in Speedway, Indiana, United States, an enclave suburb of Indi ...

Al Unser Alfred Unser (May 29, 1939 – December 9, 2021) was an American automobile racing driver, the younger brother of fellow racing drivers Jerry and Bobby Unser, and father of Al Unser Jr. He was the second of four men ( A. J. Foyt, himself, Rick ...

wins his third race, and the first for car owner Jim Hall. *

May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...

–

is found dead in the

, allegedly shot when trying to escape.

June

June 1 Events Pre-1600 *1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. *1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...

– The

1978 FIFA World Cup The 1978 FIFA World Cup was the 11th edition of the FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial international football world championship tournament among the men's senior national teams. It was held in Argentina between 1 and 25 June. The Cup was won by t ...

starts in

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

. *

June 10 Events Pre-1600 * 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu. *1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...

–

Affirmed Affirmed (February 21, 1975 – January 12, 2001) was a champion American Thoroughbred racehorse who is the eleventh winner of the American Triple Crown. Affirmed was well known for his famous rivalry with Alydar, whom he met ten times, includi ...

holds off

Alydar Alydar (March 23, 1975 – November 15, 1990) was an American Thoroughbred race horse and sire. A chestnut colt, he was most famous for finishing a close second to Affirmed in all three races of the 1978 Triple Crown. With each successive ...

to win the

Belmont Stakes The Belmont Stakes is an American Grade I stakes race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds run at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. It is run over 1.5 miles (2,400 m). Colts and geldings carry a weight of ; fillies carry . The race, nicknamed Th ...

and becomes the last horse to win the U.S. Triple Crown of Horse Racing until

2015 File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...

. *

June 15 Events Pre-1600 * 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history. * 844 – Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II. * 923 – Battle of So ...

– King

Hussein of Jordan Hussein bin Talal ( ar, الحسين بن طلال, ''Al-Ḥusayn ibn Ṭalāl''; 14 November 1935 – 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of ...

marries 26-year-old Lisa Halaby, who takes the name

Queen Noor Queen or QUEEN may refer to: Monarchy * Queen regnant, a female monarch of a Kingdom ** List of queens regnant * Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king * Queen dowager, the widow of a king * Queen mother, a queen dowager who is the mother ...

. *

June 19 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea. *1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle chang ...

** England cricketer

Ian Botham Ian Terence Botham, Baron Botham, (born 24 November 1955) is an English cricket commentator, member of the House of Lords, a former cricketer who has been chairman of Durham County Cricket Club since 2017 and charity fundraiser. Hailed as one ...

becomes the first man in the history of the game to score a century and take eight wickets in one innings of a Test match. ** ''

Garfield ''Garfield'' is an American comic strip created by Jim Davis. Originally published locally as ''Jon'' in 1976, then in nationwide syndication from 1978 as ''Garfield'', it chronicles the life of the title character Garfield the cat, his human ...

's'' first

comic strip A comic strip is a sequence of drawings, often cartoons, arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often serialized, with text in balloons and captions. Traditionally, throughout the 20th and into the 21st ...

, originally published locally as ''Jon'' in 1976, goes into nationwide

syndication Syndication may refer to: * Broadcast syndication, where individual stations buy programs outside the network system * Print syndication, where individual newspapers or magazines license news articles, columns, or comic strips * Web syndication, ...

. *

June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. * 1180 – First Battle of Uji, starting ...

– The 6.2 Thessaloniki earthquake shakes

Northern Greece Northern Greece ( el, Βόρεια Ελλάδα, Voreia Ellada) is used to refer to the northern parts of Greece, and can have various definitions. Administrative regions of Greece Administrative term The term "Northern Greece" is widely used ...

with a maximum

Mercalli intensity The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. It measures the eff ...

of IX (''Violent''). Fifty people were killed. *

June 21 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date). * 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mo ...

** A shootout between

Provisional IRA The Irish Republican Army (IRA; ), also known as the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and informally as the Provos, was an Irish republicanism, Irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, fa ...

members and the British Army in Northern Ireland leaves one civilian and three IRA men dead. **

1978 Iranian Chinook shootdown The 1978 Iranian Chinook shootdown was an incident on 21 June 1978, when four Boeing CH-47 Chinooks of the Imperial Iranian Air Force strayed into Soviet airspace during a training mission, with the result being that two of them were shot down b ...

: Iranian helicopters stray into Soviet airspace and are shot down. *

June 22 Events Pre-1600 * 217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. * 168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Perseus ...

–

Charon In Greek mythology, Charon or Kharon (; grc, Χάρων) is a psychopomp, the ferryman of Hades, the Greek underworld. He carries the souls of those who have been given funeral rites across the rivers Acheron and Styx, which separate the wo ...

, a satellite of

Pluto Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of trans-Neptunian object, bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the S ...

, is discovered. *

June 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1312 BC – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa. * 109 – Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, northwest of Rome. * ...

– The Gay & Lesbian Solidarity March is held in Sydney, Australia to mark the 9th Anniversary of the

Stonewall riots The Stonewall riots (also known as the Stonewall uprising, Stonewall rebellion, or simply Stonewall) were a series of spontaneous protests by members of the gay community in response to a police raid that began in the early morning hours of Ju ...

(which later becomes the annual

Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras The Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras or Sydney Mardi Gras is an event in Sydney, New South Wales attended by hundreds of thousands of people from around Australia and overseas. One of the largest such festivals in the world, Mardi Gras is the ...

; later incorporating a festival). *

June 25 Events Pre-1600 * 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce. * 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...

defeats

the Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

3–1 after

extra time Overtime or extra time is an additional period of play specified under the rules of a sport to bring a game to a decision and avoid declaring the match a tie or draw where the scores are the same. In some sports, this extra period is played onl ...

to win the

. ** The

rainbow flag A rainbow flag is a multicolored flag consisting of the colors of the rainbow. The designs differ, but many of the colors are based on the spectral colors of the visible light spectrum. The LGBT flag introduced in 1978 is the most recognized u ...

of the

LGBT ' is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. In use since the 1990s, the initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an umbrella term for sexuality and gender identity. The LGBT term is a ...

movement flies for the first time (in its original form) at the San Francisco Gay Freedom Day Parade. *

June 26 Events Pre-1600 * 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius. * 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar. * 363 – Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat f ...

– A bombing by

Breton nationalist Breton nationalism (Breton: ''roadelouriezh Brezhoneg'', French: ''nationalisme Breton'') is a form of regional nationalism associated with the region of Brittany in France. The political aspirations of Breton nationalists include the desire ...

s causes destruction in the

Palace of Versailles The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, Yvelines, Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 19 ...

. *

June 30 Events Pre-1600 * 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy. * 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...

–

begins a massive offensive in

Eritrea Eritrea ( ; ti, ኤርትራ, Ertra, ; ar, إرتريا, ʾIritriyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia ...

July

July 3 Events Pre-1600 * 324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. * 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revol ...

– The Amazon Co-operation Treaty (ACT) is signed. *

July 7 Events Pre-1600 * 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks. * 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her execution. * 1520 – Spanish ''conquistado ...

– The

Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its capita ...

become independent from the United Kingdom. *

July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death. * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abd ...

– At least 217 tourists die in an explosion of a tanker-truck at a campsite in

Costa Daurada The Costa Daurada (, es, Costa Dorada, meaning in English "Golden Coast") is an area on the coast of Catalonia, Spain, between Cunit and Alcanar on the Mediterranean Sea. Its traditional banks are the deltas of the Foix and Ebro rivers, although ...

, Spain. *

July 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. * 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade. * 1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Sti ...

– In

Acapulco Acapulco de Juárez (), commonly called Acapulco ( , also , nah, Acapolco), is a city and major seaport in the state of Guerrero on the Pacific Coast of Mexico, south of Mexico City. Acapulco is located on a deep, semicircular bay and has bee ...

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

, Margaret Gardiner of

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...

is crowned

Miss Universe Miss Universe is an annual international beauty pageant that is run by a United States and Thailand based Miss Universe Organization.Natalie Tadena (July 2, 2015"Donald Trump's Miss USA Pageant Lands on Reelz Cable Channel". ''The Wall Stre ...

. *

July 25 Events Pre-1600 * 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. * 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...

** Cerro Maravilla murders: Two Puerto Rican pro-independence activists are killed in a police ambush. **

Louise Brown Louise Joy Brown (born 25 July 1978) is an English woman who was the first human to have been born after conception by ''in vitro'' fertilisation experiment (IVF). Her birth, following a procedure pioneered in Britain, has been lauded among "t ...

, the world's first

test tube baby In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an ovum, egg is combined with spermatozoon, sperm in vitro ("in glass"). The process involves monitoring and stimulating an individual's Ovulation cycle, ovulatory process, remo ...

, is born in

Oldham Oldham is a large town in Greater Manchester, England, amid the Pennines and between the rivers Irk and Medlock, southeast of Rochdale and northeast of Manchester. It is the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, wh ...

Greater Manchester Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county and combined authority, combined authority area in North West England, with a population of 2.8 million; comprising ten metropolitan boroughs: City of Manchester, Manchester, City of Salford, Salford ...

, UK.

August

* August 12 – The Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People's Republic of China is concluded. * August 17 – ''Double Eagle II'' becomes the first balloon to successfully cross the Atlantic Ocean, flying from Presque Isle, Maine, to Miserey, France. * August 22 – Sandinistas seize the Nicaraguan National Palace. * August 26 – Pope John Paul I succeeds Pope Paul VI as the 263rd Pope.

September

* September 5 – Camp David Accords: Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat begin the peace process at Camp David, Maryland. * September 7 – In London, UK, a poison-filled pellet, supposedly injected using an umbrella, fatally poisons Bulgarian defector Georgi Markov; he dies four days later. * September 8 – Iranian Army troops open fire on rioters in Tehran, killing 122, wounding 4,000. * September 12 – The Declaration of Alma Ata is signed and released in the Capital City of Kazakh, USSR. Known as the core document on Primary Health Care Practices and Equity in Healthcare, it paved the way for the modern-day State-sponsored Healthcare System. * September 16 ** General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq officially assumes the post of President of Pakistan. ** The 7.4 1978 Tabas earthquake, Tabas earthquake affects the city of Tabas, Iran with a maximum

of IX (Violent). At least 15,000 people were killed. * September 17 – The Camp David Accords are signed between Israel and Egypt. * September 19 ** Police in the West Midlands (region), West Midlands of England launch a massive murder hunt, when 13-year-old newspaper boy Carl Bridgewater is shot dead after disturbing a burglary. ** The

join the United Nations. * September 20 – General Rahimuddin Khan assumes the post of Martial Law Governor of Balochistan, Pakistan, Balochistan. * September 23 – California Angels outfielder Lyman Bostock is shot to death at age 27 while visiting friends in Gary, Indiana during an Angels' road trip in Chicago, Illinois. * September 24 ** PSA Flight 182, a Boeing 727, collides with a small private airplane and crashes in San Diego, California; 144 are killed. ** Giuseppe Verdi's opera ''Otello'' makes its first appearance on ''Live from the Met'', in a complete production of the opera starring Jon Vickers. This is the first complete television broadcast of the opera in the U.S. since the historic 1948 one. * September 27 – The last Forest Brothers, Forest Brother Guerrilla warfare, guerrilla movement fighter is discovered and killed in Estonia. * September 28 – Pope John Paul I dies after only 33 days of papacy. * September 30 – Finnair Flight 405 aircraft is hijacked by Aarno Lamminparras in Oulu, Finland. * September – The African National Congress attempts to kill about 500 of its own cadres by poisoning their food because an infiltrated enemy agent cannot be identified.

October

* October 1 ** Vietnam attacks Cambodia. ** Tuvalu becomes independent from the United Kingdom. * October 7 – ''Wranslide'' in New South Wales: the Neville Wran, Wran government is re-elected with an increased majority. * October 8 – Australia's Ken Warby sets the current world water speed record of 317.6 mph (511.13 km/h) at Blowering Dam, Australia. * October 9 – P. W. Botha, P.W. Botha succeeds B. J. Vorster, John Vorster as Prime Minister of South Africa. * October 10 ** Daniel arap Moi becomes president of Kenya. ** B. J. Vorster, John Vorster becomes State President of South Africa.A Guide for Study of Historical Offices: South Africa: Heads of State: 1961–1994
Archontology.org; accessed April 14, 2017. ** A massive short circuit in Seasat's electrical system ends the satellite's scientific mission. ** United States President

signs a bill that authorizes the minting of the Susan B. Anthony dollar. * October 13 – The Soviet Union launches a major Russification campaign throughout all union republics. * October 14 – U.S. President

signs a bill into law which allows homebrewing of beer in the United States. * October 16 – Pope John Paul II succeeds Pope John Paul I as the 264th pope, resulting in the first Year of Three Popes since 1605. He is the first Polish pope in history, and the first non-Italian pope since Pope Adrian VI (1522–1523). * October 18 – Thorbjörn Fälldin steps down as Prime Minister of Sweden, and is succeeded by Ola Ullsten, the Leader of the liberal People's Party ("''Folkpartiet''"). * October 20 – The first

is held as a protest march and commemoration of the

. * October 21 – Australian civilian pilot Disappearance of Frederick Valentich, Frederick Valentich vanishes in a Cessna 182 Skylane over the Bass Strait south of Melbourne, after reporting contact with an unidentified aircraft. * October 27 – Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin win the Nobel Peace Prize for their progress toward achieving a Middle East accord. * October 31 – The South African Railways sets a still unbeaten Land speed record for rail vehicles, world rail speed record on Cape gauge.

November

* November 2: 8:00 pm – The

's second television channel RTÉ Two, RTÉ 2 goes on air (renamed Network 2, 1988; RTÉ Network Two, 1995; N2, 1997; and RTÉ Two in 2004). * November 3 – Dominica gains its independence from the United Kingdom. * November 7 – Indira Gandhi is re-elected to the Indian parliament. * November 18 – Jonestown incident: In Guyana, Jim Jones leads his Peoples Temple cult in a mass murder–suicide that claims 918 lives in all, 909 of them at Jonestown itself, including over 270 children. Leo Ryan, Congressman Leo J. Ryan is assassinated by members of Peoples Temple shortly beforehand. * November 24 – China starts an experimental "household responsibility system", in Anhui, Anhui Province. * November 26 – Two British commercial divers, Michael Ward and Tony Prangley, die of hypothermia and drowning in the East Shetland Basin after their diving bell Star Canopus diving accident, plunges to the seabed at a depth of over .

December

* December 4 – Dianne Feinstein succeeds the murdered George Moscone, to become the first woman mayor of

; she will remain in office until January 8, 1988. * December 6 – The Spanish Constitution of 1978, Spanish Constitution officially restores the country's democratic government. * December 11 ** Lufthansa heist: Six men rob a Lufthansa cargo facility in New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport. ** Two million demonstrate against the Shah in Iran. * December 16 ** Train 87 from Nanjing to Xining collides with train 368 from Xi'an to Xuzhou near Yangzhuang railway station in China, killing 106, injuring 218. ** ''The Mystery of Mamo'' is released in cinemas in Japan. * December 19 – Former Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi is arrested and jailed for a week for breach of privilege and contempt of parliament. * December 22 ** The pivotal Third Plenum of the 11th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party is held in Beijing, with Deng Xiaoping reversing Mao-era policies to pursue a program for Chinese economic reform. ** Chicago serial killer John Wayne Gacy, who was subsequently convicted of the murder of 33 young men and boys committed between 1972 and 1978, is arrested. **

begins Operation Soberanía against Chile, but Argentinian forces quickly withdraw. * December 25 – Vietnam launches a major offensive against the Khmer Rouge of Cambodia. * December 27 – The Spanish Constitution of 1978, Constitution of Spain is approved in a referendum, officially ending 40 years of military dictatorship.

Date unknown

* Synthetic insulin is developed. * Romanian painter Doina Bumbea is abducted by the North Korean government. * Abortion is legalized in Italy for the first time. * In Seoul, South Korea, construction begins on Seoul Subway Line 2. * Ford Motor Company, Ford initiates a recall for the Ford Pinto, Pinto because of a public outcry resulting from deaths associated with gas tank explosions. * Rolnicka Praha children's choir is founded in Prague, Czech Republic. * The New York International Bible Society's New International Version of the complete Bible translated into modern American English is published. * The ''Space Invaders'' arcade video game is released by Taito.

Births

January

Karina Smirnoff Get Smart premiere arrival

– Philip Mulryne, Northern Irish footballer * January 2 – Karina Smirnoff, Ukrainian-American dancer * January 3 ** Liya Kebede, Ethiopian model, clothing designer and actress ** Park Sol-mi, South Korean actress * January 4 – Karine Ruby, French snowboarder (d. 2009) *

** Franck Montagny, French Formula One driver ** January Jones, American actress * January 7 – Emilio Palma, Argentine citizen, first human born in Antarctica * January 9 ** Chad Johnson, American football player ** AJ McLean, American singer ** Gennaro Gattuso, Italian football player *

– Kanako Mitsuhashi, Japanese voice actress * January 11 – Emile Heskey, English footballer * January 12 – Hannah Gadsby, Australian comedian * January 13 ** Ashmit Patel, Indian actor ** Mohit Sharma (soldier), Mohit Sharma Indian Army Officer * January 14 – Shawn Crawford, American sprinter * January 15 ** Eddie Cahill, American actor ** Franco Pellizotti, Italian cyclist * January 17 – Ricky Wilson (singer), Ricky Wilson, British vocalist (Kaiser Chiefs) *

** Thor Hushovd, Norwegian cyclist ** Katja Kipping, German politician * January 20 – Omar Sy, French actor and comedian *

** Mark Hildreth (actor), Mark Hildreth, Canadian actor and voice actor ** Nami Miyahara, Japanese voice actress and singer ** Kristen Schaal, American actress, comedian, and writer *

– Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Ukrainian politician and comedian, President of Ukraine * January 28 ** Gianluigi Buffon, Italian footballer ** Jamie Carragher, English footballer ** Papa Bouba Diop, Senegalese footballer (d. 2020) ** Sheamus, Irish wrestler ** Vanessa Villela, Mexican actress

February

* February 2 ** Nelson Chamisa, Zimbabwean politician ** Barry Ferguson, Scottish footballer and coach * February 3 – Amal Clooney, British-Lebanese barrister, activist and author * February 4 – Aleksey Rozin, Russian actor *

** Brian Russell, American football player ** Samuel Sánchez, Spanish road bicycle racer *

** Danny Buderus, Australian rugby league player ** Olena Zelenska, Ukrainian first lady and former model ** Yael Naim, Israeli-French singer and songwriter * February 7 ** Ashton Kutcher, American actor ** Omotola Jalade Ekeinde, Nigerian actress, singer, philanthropist and former model * February 10 ** Isabella Eklöf, Swedish screenwriter and film director ** Don Omar, Puerto Rican singer and actor * February 12 ** Gethin Jones, Welsh television presenter ** Silver Meikar, Estonian politician *

– Niklas Bäckström, Finnish hockey player * February 14 ** Richard Hamilton (basketball), Richard Hamilton, American basketball player ** Danai Gurira, American actress and playwright ** Darius Songaila, Lithuanian basketball player * February 16 ** John Tartaglia, American actor ** Tia Hellebaut, Belgian athlete *

** Kenyatta Wright, American football player ** Immortal Technique, Peruvian-American rapper * February 20 ** Julia Jentsch, German actress ** Ken Takeuchi, Japanese voice actor * February 21 ** Kim Ha-neul, South Korean actress ** Kumail Nanjiani, Pakistani-American actor and comedian ** Miki Sakai, Japanese actress * February 22 – Jenny Frost, English singer * February 23 – Dan Snyder (ice hockey), Dan Snyder, Canadian hockey player (d. 2003) * February 24 – Gary (rapper), Gary, South Korean musician, entertainer *

– Kakha Kaladze, Georgian footballer and politician, Mayor of Tbilisi * February 28 ** Jeanne Cherhal, French singer-songwriter ** Yasir Hameed, Pakistani cricketer ** Benjamin Raich, Austrian skier

March

Rani Mukerji promoting Hichki in 2018 (cropped)

** Jensen Ackles, American actor ** Donovan Patton, American actor and television host ** Sakura Nogawa, Japanese voice actress *

** Tomáš Kaberle, Czech hockey player ** Sebastian Janikowski, American football player *

– Tanishaa Mukerji, Indian actress * March 4 – Denis Dallan, Italian rugby union footballer * March 6 ** Sage Rosenfels, American football player ** Mike Jackson (Oklahoma politician), Mike Jackson, American politician * March 7 ** Mike Reese (Pennsylvania politician), Mike Reese, American politician (d. 2021) ** Azis, Bulgarian singer *

– Benjamin Burnley, American musician *

** Didier Drogba, Ivorian footballer ** Ha Jung-woo, South Korean actor and director * March 12 ** Neal Obermeyer, American editorial cartoonist ** Claudio Sanchez, American writer and musician * March 13 ** Tom Danielson, American cyclist ** Kenny Watson (American football), Kenny Watson, American football player *

** Pieter van den Hoogenband, Dutch swimmer ** Carl Johan Bergman, Swedish biathlete ** Moon Hee-joon, Korean singer *

– Flavio Furtado, Cape Verdean boxer *

** Matthew Montgomery (actor), Matthew Montgomery, American actor ** Brooke Burns, American fashion model and actress *

– Patrick Seitz, American voice actor *

** Antonio Margarito, Mexican-American boxer ** Fernandão (footballer, born 1978), Fernandão, Brazilian footballer * March 21 ** Rani Mukerji, Indian actress ** Mohammad Rezaei (wrestler, born 1978), Mohammad Rezaei, Iranian wrestler *

**Josh Heupel, American football player and coach **Vanessa Senior, Venezuelan comedian and actress. * March 23 ** Simon Gärdenfors, Swedish cartoonist and radio host ** Nicholle Tom, American actress ** Perez Hilton, American actor and blogger * March 29 – Igor Rakočević, Serbian basketball player * March 30 – Simon Webbe, English singer

April

– Nick Berg, American businessman (d. 2004) *

** Matthew Goode, English actor ** John Smit, South African rugby union player * April 4 – Sam Moran, Australian singer * April 5 ** Franziska van Almsick, German swimmer ** Arnaud Tournant, French track cyclist ** Stephen Jackson, American basketball player * April 6 ** Tim Hasselbeck, American football player ** Myleene Klass, English singer, pianist, and model ** Martín Méndez, Uruguayan musician and songwriter ** Lauren Ridloff, African-American actress *

** Duncan James, English singer ** Adrienne Haan, German-Luxembourgish actress, singer, writer and producer *

** Jorge Andrade, Portuguese footballer ** Takashi Ohara, Japanese voice actor ** Rachel Stevens, English singer * April 10 – Rokhaya Diallo, French writer and filmmaker * April 12 ** Guy Berryman, Scottish musician ** Cheeming Boey, Malaysian artist ** Riley Smith, American actor * April 13 ** Kyle Howard, American television and movie actor ** Carles Puyol, Spanish footballer * April 15 ** Luis Fonsi, Puerto Rican singer and songwriter ** Chris Stapleton, American country singer and guitarist * April 16 ** Lara Dutta, Indian actress and beauty queen ** Matthew Lloyd, Australian rules footballer * April 17 ** Juan Guillermo Castillo, Uruguayan goalkeeper ** Jason White (rugby union), Jason White, Scottish rugby union player * April 19 – James Franco, American actor *

** Matthew Wilkas, American actor, playwright and reality television personality ** Matt Austin (actor), Matt Austin, Canadian actor ** Alessandro Rigotti, Italian voice actor * April 21 – Jukka Nevalainen, Finnish drummer *

** Esteban Tuero, Argentine Formula One driver ** Manu Intiraymi, American actor * April 23 – Princess Tamara Czartoryski-Borbon, Tamara Czartoryski-Borbon, Spanish athlete *

– Duncan Kibet, Kenyan long-distance runner * April 26 ** Stana Katic, Canadian-American actress ** Shinnosuke Tachibana, Japanese voice actor * April 28 ** Robert Oliveri, American former actor ** Roman Karmen, Soviet war camera-man and film director * April 29 ** Bob and Mike Bryan, American doubles tennis team ** Tyler Labine, Canadian actor

May

Jason Biggs at Paley Fest Orange Is The New Black

– Daisuke Ono, Japanese voice actor * May 6 ** Tony Estanguet, French slalom canoeist ** Aleksandr Fyodorov (bodybuilder), Aleksandr Fyodorov, Russian bodybuilder * May 10 – Kenan Thompson, African-American actor and comedian * May 11 ** Laetitia Casta, French supermodel and actress ** Judy Ann Santos, Filipino actress *

** Hossein Rezazadeh, Iranian weightlifter ** Jason Biggs, American actor ** Aya Ishiguro, Japanese singer, writer, and fashion designer ** Malin Åkerman, Swedish-Canadian actress *

** Dwayne De Rosario, Canadian footballer ** Caroline Dhavernas, French-Canadian actress ** Krzysztof Ignaczak, Polish volleyball player *

– Ricardo Carvalho, Portuguese footballer *

– Marcus Bent, English footballer *** *

** Katie Price (Jordan), English model and television personality ** Ginnifer Goodwin, American actress *

– Adam Gontier, Canadian singer *

** Jake Johnson, American actor and comedian ** Tomohiko Ito (footballer), Tomohiko Ito, Japanese footballer *

– Pelle Almqvist, Swedish singer-songwriter * May 30 – Lyoto Machida, Brazilian mixed martial artist * May 31 – Sara Duterte, 15th Vice President of the Philippines

June

– Antonietta Di Martino, Italian high-jumper * June 2 ** Nikki Cox, American actress ** Justin Long, American actor * June 4 – Simone Maludrottu, Italian boxer * June 5 – Nick Kroll, American actor and comedian * June 6 ** Konstantīns Konstantinovs, Latvian powerlifter (d. 2018) ** Mariana Popova, Bulgarian singer * June 7 – Bill Hader, American actor and comedian * June 8 ** Maria Menounos, American actress, journalist, and television presenter ** Eun Ji-won, South Korean rapper and singer * June 9 ** Michaela Conlin, American actress ** Miroslav Klose, German footballer ** Matt Bellamy, British musician and singer *

** Han Hee-won, South Korean golfer ** DJ Qualls, American actor, producer, and model ** Shane West, American actor * June 11 – Joshua Jackson, Canadian actor * June 13 – Faizal Yusof, Malaysian actor (d. 2011) * June 14 – Nikola Vujčić, Croatian basketball player and general manager (basketball), team manager of Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C., Maccabi Tel Aviv *

** Wilfred Bouma, Dutch footballer * June 16 – Daniel Brühl, German actor *

** Mía Maestro, Argentine actress ** Dirk Nowitzki, German basketball player ** Zoe Saldana, American actress *

– Frank Lampard, English footballer *

** Erica Durance, Canadian actress ** Jean-Pascal Lacoste, French singer, actor and television host ** Ignacio Corleto, Argentine rugby union player *

** Tim Driesen, Belgian actor and singer-songwriter ** Dan Wheldon, English racing driver (d. 2011) * June 23 ** Gladys Reyes, Filipino actress ** Frédéric Leclercq, French musician *

** Emppu Vuorinen, Finnish musician ** Juan Román Riquelme, Argentine footballer ** Shunsuke Nakamura, Japanese footballer *

** Aramis Ramírez, Dominican baseball player ** Aftab Shivdasani, Indian actor *

** Daniel Constantin (politician), Daniel Constantin, Romanian politician ** Cristian Lucchetti, Argentine footballer * June 28 – Ha Ji-won, South Korean actress and singer * June 29 ** Luke Kirby, Canadian actor ** Nicole Scherzinger, American singer ** Steve Savidan, French footballer

July

Pavel Datsyuk exercising, 2015 — Cropping

* July 1 ** Hillary Tuck, American actress ** Aleki Lutui, Tongan rugby player ** Liu Kwok Man, Chinese footballer ** Mark Hunter (rower), Mark Hunter, British rower * July 2 ** Ganesh (actor), Ganesh, Indian actor and television presenter ** Diana Gurtskaya, Georgian singer ** Jüri Ratas, Estonian politician and 18th Prime Minister of Estonia *

** Jesse Leach, America vocalist ** Mizuki Noguchi, Japanese long-distance runner * July 4 – Becki Newton, American actress * July 5 ** Andreas Baum, German politician ** Nandamuri Kalyan Ram, Indian actor and film producer * July 6 ** Daphne Iking, Malaysian television personality and actress ** Danil Khalimov, Kazakh Greco-Roman wrestler ** Tia Mowry, Tia and Tamera Mowry, African-American actresses ** Kevin Senio, New Zealand rugby union footballer *

** Chris Andersen, American basketball player ** DJ Manian, German music producer and DJ ** Marino Franchitti, British racing driver ** Mark Sloan (wrestler), Mark Sloan, British professional wrestler * July 8 ** Rachael Lillis, American voice actress ** Erin Morgenstern, American artist and author ** Garth Mulroy, South African golfer * July 9 ** Kyle Davis (actor), Kyle Davis, American actor ** Dmitri Dyuzhev, Russian actor and singer ** Mark Medlock, German singer ** Linda Park, Korean-born actress * July 10 ** Ray Kay, Norwegian director and photographer ** Jesse Lacey, American singer-songwriter *

** Kris Law, Malaysian actor ** Kim Kang-woo, South Korean actor ** Dustin Demri-Burns, English actor, comedian, writer ** Mattias Gustafsson, Swedish handball player * July 12 ** Topher Grace, American actor ** Michelle Rodriguez, American actress * July 13 ** Gary David, Filipino professional basketball player ** Jessica Barth, American actress * July 15 ** Matt Mitrione, American mixed martial artist ** Greg Sestero, French-American actor and model * July 16 – Ahmede Hussain, Bangladeshi writer * July 17 ** Panda Bear (musician), Panda Bear, American musician ** Justine Triet, French actress * July 18 ** Shane Horgan, Irish rugby player ** Crystal Mangum, American murderer responsible for making false rape allegations in the Duke lacrosse case ** Virginia Raggi, Italian lawyer, politician ** Joo Sang-wook, South Korean actor ** Vladimir Tintor (actor), Vladimir Tintor, Serbian film actor * July 19 – Atsushi Harada, Japanese actor * July 20 ** Pavel Datsyuk, Russian ice hockey player ** Tamsyn Manou, Australian athlete * July 21 ** Josh Hartnett, American actor ** Kyoko Iwasaki, Japanese swimmer * July 22 ** A. J. Cook, Canadian actress ** Ryan Eigenmann, Filipino actor ** Kyōko Hasegawa, Japanese model and actress * July 23 ** Stuart Elliott (footballer, born 1978), Stuart Elliott, Northern Irish footballer ** Stefanie Sun, Singapore singer *

, British citizen, first human born through in vitro fertilisation ** Gerard Warren, American football player * July 26 ** Jehad Muntasser, Libyan footballer ** Eve Myles, Welsh actress * July 28 – Hitomi Yaida, Japanese singer * July 31 ** Zac Brown Band, Zac Brown, American country singer-songwriter and guitarist ** Nick Sorensen, American football player and sportscaster ** Justin Wilson (racing driver), Justin Wilson, English race car driver (d. 2015) * July – Caucher Birkar, born Fereydoun Derakhshani, Kurdish-born mathematician

August

Kel Mitchell Photo Op GalaxyCon Richmond 2019

* August 3 ** Mariusz Jop, Polish footballer ** Shanelle Workman, American actress * August 4 – Kurt Busch, American race car driver * August 5 ** Carolina Duer, Argentine boxer ** Harel Levy, Israeli tennis player * August 6 ** Marisa Miller, American supermodel ** Freeway (rapper), Freeway, American rapper ** Peng Cheng-min, Taiwanese baseball player ** Iñaki Rueda, Spanish racing strategist * August 7 ** Alexandre Aja, French director ** Vanness Wu, Taiwanese singer * August 8 ** Countess Vaughn, American actress ** Natsuko Kuwatani, Japanese voice actress * August 9 – Daniela Denby-Ashe, English actress * August 10 – Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono, Indonesian politician and former military officer * August 15 ** Jennie Eisenhower, American actress ** Kerri Walsh Jennings, American beach volleyball player * August 17 ** Vibeke Stene, Norwegian rock singer ** Jelena Karleuša, Serbian pop singer * August 18 – Andy Samberg, American actor and comedian * August 20 – Noah Bean, American actor * August 21 ** Reuben Droughns, American football player ** Alan Lee (footballer), Alan Lee, Irish footballer * August 22 ** Vitaliy Balytskyi, Ukrainian football player and manager (d. 2018) ** James Corden, British comedian and television personality * August 23 ** Kobe Bryant, American basketball player (d. 2020) ** Julian Casablancas, American singer-songwriter and musician * August 24 – Rafael Furcal, Dominican baseball player * August 25 – Kel Mitchell, American actor, stand-up comedian, musician, singer, and rapper * August 26 – Amanda Schull, American actress * August 27 – Suranne Jones, English actress * August 28 ** Kelly Overton (actress), Kelly Overton, American actress ** Rachel Kimsey, American actress ** Sam Wills, New Zealand comic * August 29 – Danielle Hampton, Canadian actress * August 31 ** Ido Pariente, Israeli mixed martial artist ** Jennifer Ramírez Rivero, Venezuelan model and businesswoman (d. 2018)

September

WW Chicago 2015 - Ben McKenzie 01 (20861231919)

Ron DeSantis, Official Portrait, 113th Congress

* September 1 – Max Vieri, Italian Australian footballer * September 3 – Tinkara Kovač, Slovenian singer and musician * September 4 ** Wes Bentley, American actor ** Frederik Veuchelen, Belgian cyclist * September 6 ** Mathew Horne, English actor ** Homare Sawa, Japanese footballer * September 7 – Devon Sawa, Canadian actor * September 9 – Gina Gogean, Romania artistic gymnast * September 11 ** Ed Reed, American football player ** Ben Lee, Australian singer ** Else-Marthe Sørlie Lybekk, Norwegian handball player * September 12 ** Ruben Studdard, American singer ** Ben McKenzie, American actor * September 13 ** Megan Henning, American actress ** Swizz Beatz, American record producer and rapper * September 14 ** Ben Cohen (rugby union), Ben Cohen, English rugby union player ** Ron DeSantis, American politician, 46th Governor of Florida ** Carmen Kass, Estonian supermodel * September 15 ** Eiður Guðjohnsen, Icelandic football player ** David Sneddon, Scottish singer-songwriter * September 18 – Billy Eichner, American actor and comedian * September 20 ** Jason Bay, Canadian baseball player ** Patrizio Buanne, Italian singer ** Sarit Hadad, Israeli pop singer * September 21 ** Doug Howlett, New Zealand rugby union player ** Josh Thomson, American mixed martial artist * September 22 – Harry Kewell, Australian footballer * September 23 ** Anthony Mackie, American actor ** Worm Miller, American screenwriter, director and actor ** Keri Lynn Pratt, American actress * September 24 – Wietse van Alten, Dutch archer * September 25 ** Jodie Kidd, English model ** Rossif Sutherland, Canadian actor * September 27 – Ani Lorak, Ukrainian singer * September 28 **Dane Boedigheimer, American Internet personality **Pastora Soler, Spanish singer * September 29 – Kurt Nilsen, Norwegian singer * September 30 – Candice Michelle, American professional wrestler and model

October

* October 1 – Katie Aselton, American actress * October 2 – Ayumi Hamasaki, Japanese singer * October 3 ** Jake Shears, American singer and songwriter ** Claudio Pizarro, Peruvian footballer ** Gerald Asamoah, German footballer ** Ricardo Rocha (footballer, born 1978), Ricardo Rocha, Portuguese footballer ** Christian Coulson, English actor ** Shannyn Sossamon, American actress * October 4 ** Dana Davis, American actress ** Mark Day (actor), Mark Day, Canadian actor ** Phillip Glasser, American actor and producer ** Kei Horie, Japanese actor * October 5 ** Shane Ryan (Dublin Gaelic footballer), Shane Ryan, Irish Gaelic footballer ** James Valentine (musician), James Valentine, American musician ** Morgan Webb, television personality * October 7 – Omar Benson Miller, American actor * October 9 – Nicky Byrne, Irish musician (Westlife) * October 10 – QBoy, UK-based rapper, producer, DJ, writer and presenter * October 14 ** Paul Hunter, English snooker player (d. 2006) ** Usher (musician), Usher, American singer and actor, is born. * October 17 – Pablo Iglesias Turrión, Spanish politician * October 20 ** Tomohiko Itō (director), Tomohiko Ito, Japanese anime director ** Michael Johns (singer), Michael Johns, Australian singer (d. 2014) ** Kira (German singer), Kira, German singer ** Dionne Quan, American voice actress ** Virender Sehwag, Indian cricketer * October 21 – Joey Harrington, American football player * October 24 – Carlos Edwards, Trinidadian footballer * October 25 ** Russell Anderson, Scottish footballer ** Zachary Knighton, American actor ** David T. Little, American composer and drummer * October 26 – CM Punk, American professional wrestler * October 27 ** David Walton (actor), David Walton, American actor ** Vanessa-Mae, Singaporean violinist * October 28 ** Justin Guarini, American singer ** Gwendoline Christie, English actress and model * October 29 – Travis Henry, American football player * October 30 – Matthew Morrison, American actor and singer

November

* November 1 ** Jessica Valenti, American blogger and writer ** Manju Warrier, Indian actress ** Mary Kate Schellhardt, American actress * November 3 – Tim McIlrath, American singer * November 4 – Shaun Berrigan, Australian rugby league player * November 5 ** Bubba Watson, American golfer ** Xavier Tondo, Spanish cyclist (d. 2011) * November 6 ** Nicole Dubuc, American actress and writer ** Taryn Manning, American actress ** Sandrine Blancke, Belgian actress * November 7 ** Zaheer Khan, Indian cricketer ** Mark Read (singer), Mark Read, English singer (A1 (band), A1) * November 8 ** Moses Michael Levi Barrow (born Jamal Michael Barrow), better known by his stage name Shyne, Belizean rapper and politician ** Ali Karimi, Iranian football player * November 9 – Sisqó, American actor and singer * November 10 ** Nadine Angerer, German footballer ** Kyla Cole, Czech model ** Diplo, American DJ and music producer ** Eve (rapper), Eve, African-American rapper ** Akemi Kanda, Japanese voice actress ** Drew McConnell, English musician * November 12 – Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy, Pakistani journalist, activist and filmmaker * November 13 – Hsu Wei Lun, Taiwanese actress (d. 2007) * November 14 ** Bobby Allen (ice hockey), Bobby Allen, American ice hockey player ** Xavier Nady, American baseball player * November 17 ** Rachel McAdams, Canadian actress ** Reggie Wayne, American football player * November 18 ** Daniel Chong, American animator ** Damien Johnson, Northern Irish footballer ** Aldo Montano (fencer born 1978), Aldo Montano, Italian fencer * November 19 ** Chad Doreck, American actor ** Matt Dusk, Canadian musician and singer * November 22 – Karen O, American singer-songwriter and musician * November 23 – Destin Daniel Cretton, American film director * November 24 – Katherine Heigl, American actress * November 25 – Shiina Ringo, Japanese singer and musician * November 26 – Jun Fukuyama, Japanese voice actor * November 27 – Mike Skinner (musician), Mike Skinner, English musician * November 28 – Aimee Garcia, American actress * November 29 – Lauren German, American actress * November 30 ** Clay Aiken, American singer-songwriter and author ** Gael García Bernal, Mexican actor ** Robert Kirkman, American comic book writer

December

* December 1 – Stefan Kapičić, Serbian actor * December 2 ** Nelly Furtado, Portuguese-Canadian singer and songwriter ** Alo Kõrve, Estonian actor * December 4 – Lars Bystøl, Norwegian ski jumper * December 5 ** Neil Druckmann, Israeli-American video game writer and programmer, founder of Naughty Dog ** Olli Jokinen, Finnish ice hockey player * December 7 ** Shiri Appleby, American actress ** Kristofer Hivju, Norwegian actor * December 8 ** Chung-Ming Wang, Taiwan Wikipedian, politician, environmentalist and gay rights activist. ** Ian Somerhalder, American actor * December 9 – Gastón Gaudio, Argentine tennis player * December 10 – Summer Phoenix, American actress * December 12 – Monica Bîrlădeanu, Romanian actress * December 17 ** Riteish Deshmukh, Indian actor, architect, producer and entrepreneur ** Manny Pacquiao, Filipino boxer and politician * December 18 ** Daniel Cleary, Canadian ice hockey player ** Josh Dallas, American actor ** Katie Holmes, American actress * December 19 – Patrick Casey (writer), Patrick Casey, American screenwriter and actor * December 20 ** Geremi, Cameroon footballer ** Jacqueline Saburido, Venezuelan-American social activist (d. 2019) **Waleed al-Shehri, 9/11 terrorist (d. 2001) * December 21 – Shaun Morgan, South African musician and singer-songwriter * December 22 ** Edo Maajka, Bosnian rapper ** Emmanuel Olisadebe, Polish-Nigerian footballer ** Joanne Kelly, Canadian actress * December 23 ** Víctor Martínez (baseball), Víctor Martínez, Venezuelan baseball player ** Estella Warren, Canadian swimmer, model, and actress * December 24 – Yıldıray Baştürk, Turkish footballer * December 25 ** Paula Seling, Romanian singer and radio DJ ** Jeremy Strong (actor), Jeremy Strong, American actor * December 26 – Kaoru Sugayama, Japanese volleyball player * December 28 – John Legend, African-American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor * December 29 ** Alexis Amore, Peruvian actress, dancer, and model ** Angelo Taylor, American athlete * December 30 ** Tyrese Gibson, African-American singer, songwriter, rapper, actor, model, and screenwriter ** Zbigniew Robert Promiński, Inferno, Polish musician * December 31 – Yulia Barsukova, Russian rhythmic gymnast

Date unknown

*Hind Shoufani, poet, director, and producer, born in Beirut, Lebanon

Deaths

January

– Burt Munro, New Zealand motorcycle racer (b. 1899) * January 13 – Hubert Humphrey, 38th Vice President of the United States (b. 1911) * January 14 – Kurt Gödel, Austrian-American logician, mathematician, and philosopher (b. 1906) *

– Herbert Sutcliffe, English cricketer (b. 1894) * January 23 ** Terry Kath, American rock musician (Chicago (band), Chicago) (b. 1946) ** Jack Oakie, American actor (b. 1903) * January 26 – Leo Genn, English actor and barrister (b. 1905) * January 29 – Tim McCoy, American actor (b. 1891) * January 30 – Marie-Louise Damien, French actress (b. 1889)

February

– Warren King (cartoonist), Warren King, American cartoonist (b. 1916) * February 10 – Redento Maria Gauci, Maltese Carmelite bishop (b. 1920) *

– James B. Conant, American chemist (b. 1893) *

– Ilka Chase, American actress (b. 1905) * February 17 – Artemiy Artsikhovsky, Soviet archaeologist and historian (b. 1902) * February 18 – Maggie McNamara, American actress (b. 1928) *

– Pankaj Mullick, Bengali composer and singer (b. 1904) * February 24 – Alma Thomas, African American painter (b. 1891) * February 28 – Philip Ahn, Korean-born American actor (b. 1905)

March

– Paul Scott (novelist), Paul Scott, English writer (b. 1920) * March 13 – John Cazale, American actor (b. 1935) *

** Eddie Aikau, American lifeguard and surfer (b. 1946) ** Giacomo Violardo, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1898) * March 19 – Gaston Julia, French mathematician (b. 1893) * March 21 – Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh, Irish barrister, judge and 5th President of Ireland (b. 1911) *

– Isidro Ayora, 22nd President of Ecuador (b. 1879) * March 24 – André Lallemand, French astronomer (b. 1904) * March 31 – Astrid Allwyn, American actress (b. 1905)

April

Sandy_Denny_-_Fairport_Convention_(1974)

* April 8 – Lon L. Fuller, American legal philosopher (b. 1902) *

– Vivian McGrath, Australian tennis player (b. 1916) * April 13 – Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian suffragist and women's rights activist (b. 1900) * April 16 ** Lucius D. Clay, American military governor of Germany after

(b. 1897) ** Philibert Tsiranana, Malagasy leader and politician, 1st President of Madagascar (b. 1912) *

– Katherine Schmidt, American artist (b. 1899) * April 21 – Sandy Denny, British singer-songwriter (b. 1947) *

** Ralston Crawford, American abstract painter, lithographer, and photographer (b. 1906) ** John Doeg, American tennis player (b. 1908)

May

* May 1 – Aram Khachaturian, Soviet-Armenian composer and conductor (b. 1903) * May 6 – Ethelda Bleibtrey, American Olympic swimmer (b. 1902) *

– Duncan Grant, Scottish painter (b. 1885) *

–

, Italian Christian Democratic politician and statesman, 38th Prime Minister of Italy (assassinated) (b. 1916) * May 13 – Alby Roberts, New Zealander cricketer (b. 1909) *

– Robert Menzies, Sir Robert Menzies, 12th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1894) * May 16 – William Steinberg, German-American conductor (b. 1899) *

– Armin T. Wegner, German human rights activist (b. 1886) *

– Selwyn Lloyd, Baron Selwyn-Lloyd, English politician (b. 1904) *

** Joseph Colombo, American gangster (b. 1923) ** Aubrey Fitch, American admiral (b. 1883) *

– Tamara Karsavina, Soviet ballerina (b. 1885) * May 27 – Jorge Icaza Coronel, Jorge Icyaza, Ecuadorean novelist (b. 1906) * May 31 ** József Bozsik, Hungarian footballer (b. 1925) ** José Gonzalvo, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1920)

June

* June 2 – Santiago Bernabéu Yeste, Santiago Bernabéu, Spanish footballer, player and president of Real Madrid C.F. (b. 1906) * June 4 – Jorge de Sena, Portuguese novelist and poet (b. 1919) * June 7 – Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, British chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897) * June 12 – Guo Moruo, Chinese archaeologist, historian, poet, politician, and writer (b. 1892) * June 17 – Robert B. Williams (actor), Robert Williams, American actor (b. 1904) *

– Mark Robson (film director), Mark Robson, Canadian film director (b. 1913) *

– Ahmad al-Ghashmi, 4th President of the Yemen Arab Republic (b. 1935) * June 27 – Josette Day, French actress (b. 1914) * June 28 – Clifford Dupont, 1st President of Rhodesia (b. 1905) * June 29 – Bob Crane, American actor, drummer, radio host, and disc jockey (b. 1928)

July

* July 1 – Kurt Student, Luftwaffe general and commander of the German airborne forces during World War II. (b. 1890) *

– James Daly (actor), James Daly, American actor (b. 1918) *

– Francisco Mendes, Guinea-Bissau politician, 1st Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1939) * July 10 – Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif, 31st Prime Minister of Iraq (b. 1934) * July 14 – Gaston Ragueneau, French athlete (b. 1881) * July 16 – Howard Estabrook, American actor (b. 1884) * July 17 – Thayer David, American actor (b. 1927) * July 27 – Willem van Otterloo, Dutch conductor, cellist and composer (b. 1907) * July 30 – Umberto Nobile, Italian aviator and explorer (b. 1885) * July 31 – Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich of Russia (b. 1902)

August

* August 1 – W. E. Butler, British occultist (b. 1898) * August 6 ** Pope Paul VI (b. 1897) ** Edward Durell Stone, American architect (b. 1902) * August 19 – Emilio Núñez Portuondo, Cuban diplomat and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Cuba (b. 1898) * August 22 – Jomo Kenyatta, Kenyan activist, politician and statesman, 1st Prime Minister of Kenya and 1st President of Kenya (b. 1894) * August 23 – Agustín Isunza, Mexican actor (b. 1900) * August 24 – Louis Prima, Italian-born American singer and actor (b. 1910) * August 25 ** Olivier Hussenot, French actor (b. 1913) ** George E. Jonas, American philanthropist (b. 1897) * August 26 ** Charles Boyer, French actor (b. 1899) ** José Manuel Moreno, Argentine football player (b. 1916) * August 28 ** Kofi Abrefa Busia, Ghanese nationalist leader, 2nd Prime Minister of Ghana (b. 1913) ** Robert Shaw (actor), Robert Shaw, British actor (b. 1927)

September

* September 3 – Karin Molander, Swedish actress (b. 1906) * September 4 – Leonora Cohen, British suffragette and trade unionist (b. 1873) * September 6 – Adolf Dassler – Founder of Adidas (b. 1900) * September 7 – Keith Moon, English rock drummer (The Who) (b. 1946) * September 8 – Ricardo Zamora, Spanish footballer (b. 1901) * September 9 ** Hugh MacDiarmid, Scottish poet (b. 1892) ** Jack L. Warner, Canadian-American film producer (b. 1892) * September 11 ** Mike Gazella, American baseball player (b. 1895) ** Valerian Gracias, Indian Roman Catholic archbishop and cardinal (b. 1911) ** Georgi Markov, Bulgarian playwright and writer (b. 1929) ** Ronnie Peterson, Swedish Formula One driver (b. 1944) * September 12 – Frank Ferguson, American actor (b. 1899) * September 15 – Willy Messerschmitt, German aircraft designer and manufacturer (b. 1898) * September 21 – Peter Vogel (actor), Peter Vogel, German film actor (b. 1937) * September 23 – Lyman Bostock, American baseball player (b. 1950) * September 24 – Hasso von Manteuffel, German army general (b. 1897) * September 27 – Sergei Aslamazyan, Soviet composer (b. 1897) * September 28 – Pope John Paul I (b. 1912) * September 30 – Edgar Bergen, American actor and ventriloquist (b. 1903)

October

* October 4 – Roy L. Dennis, American teenager who had craniodiaphyseal dysplasia (b. 1961) * October 8 – Karl Swenson, American actor (b. 1908) * October 9 – Jacques Brel, Belgian singer (b. 1929) * October 10 ** Ralph Metcalfe, American Olympic athlete (b. 1910) ** Hermes Lima, former Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Brazil (b. 1902) * October 11 – Ruthven Todd, Scottish poet, artist, and novelist (b. 1914) * October 12 – Nancy Spungen, American groupie and girlfriend of Sid Vicious (b. 1958) * October 15 – W. Eugene Smith, American photojournalist (b. 1918) * October 16 – Dan Dailey, American actor (b. 1915) * October 19 – Gig Young, American actor (b. 1913) * October 21 – Anastas Mikoyan, Russian revolutionary and Soviet statesman (b. 1895) * October 23 – Prince Roman Petrovich of Russia (b. 1896) * October 28 – Geoffrey Unsworth, British cinematographer (b. 1914)

November

* November 4 – Arshad al-Umari, 15th Prime Minister of Iraq (b. 1888) * November 8 – Norman Rockwell, American artist (b. 1894) * November 10 – Theo Lingen, German actor (b. 1903) * November 15 – Margaret Mead, American anthropologist (b. 1901) * November 18 ** Leo Ryan, American politician (b. 1925) ** Jim Jones, American cult leader (b. 1931) * November 20 – Giorgio de Chirico, Italian painter (b. 1888) * November 24 – Warren Weaver, American scientist and mathematician (b. 1894) * November 27 – George Moscone, American politician and then-mayor of

* November 27 – Harvey Milk, American politician and activist (b. 1930)

December

* December 3 – William Grant Still, American composer (b. 1895) * December 7 – Alexander Wetmore, American ornithologist and avian palaeontologist (b. 1886) * December 8 – Golda Meir, Israeli teacher, politician and stateswoman, 4th Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1898) * December 10 ** Emilio Portes Gil, Acting president of Mexico, 1928-1930 (b. 1890) ** Ed Wood, American filmmaker, actor and author (b. 1924) * December 11 – Vincent du Vigneaud, American biochemist (b. 1901) * December 12 – Fay Compton, English actress (b. 1894) * December 14 – Salvador de Madariaga, Spanish diplomat, writer, historian, and pacifist (b. 1886) * December 17 – Don Ellis, American jazz trumpeter, drummer, composer, and bandleader (b. 1934) * December 27 ** Chris Bell (American musician), Chris Bell, American musician (b. 1951) ** Houari Boumédiènne, 2nd President of Algeria (b. 1932) * December 31 – Nicolau dos Reis Lobato, East Timorese politician, acting President of East Timor (b. 1946)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Peter D. Mitchell * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Isaac Bashevis Singer * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Anwar Sadat, Mohamed Anwar Al-Sadat and Menachem Begin * Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Economics – Herbert A. Simon

References

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