Events
January
*
January 8
Events Pre-1600
* 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying.
* 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...
–
Three bombs explode in
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an
Armenia
Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''Ox ...
n separatist group.
*
January 10
Events Pre-1600
*49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war.
* 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...
–
Mount Nyiragongo
Mount Nyiragongo ( ) is an active stratovolcano with an elevation of in the Virunga Mountains associated with the Albertine Rift. It is located inside Virunga National Park, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, about north of the town of ...
erupts in eastern
Zaire
Zaire (, ), officially the Republic of Zaire (french: République du Zaïre, link=no, ), was a Congolese state from 1971 to 1997 in Central Africa that was previously and is now again known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire was, ...
(now the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...
).
*
January 17
Events Pre-1600
* 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
** 49 marines from the and are killed as a result of a collision in Barcelona harbour, Spain.
*
January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
* 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...
** Scientists identify a previously unknown
bacterium
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among ...
as the cause of the mysterious
Legionnaires' disease
Legionnaires' disease is a form of atypical pneumonia caused by any species of ''Legionella'' bacteria, quite often '' Legionella pneumophila''. Signs and symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, high fever, muscle pains, and headaches. Naus ...
.
** Australia's worst
railway disaster at Granville, a suburb of Sydney, leaves 83 people dead.
**
SFR Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, with the breakup of Yug ...
Prime minister
Džemal Bijedić
Džemal Bijedić ( cyrl, Џемал Биједић, ; 12 April 1917 – 18 January 1977) was a Bosnian and Yugoslav politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Yugoslavia from 30 July 1971 until his death in a plane crash on 18 January 1977.
...
, his wife and 6 others are killed in a plane crash in
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
.
*
January 19
Events Pre-1600
* 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
* 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...
– An
Ejército del Aire
, colours =
, colours_label =
, march = Spanish Air and Space Force Anthem
, mascot =
, anniversaries = 10 December
, equipment ...
CASA C-207C Azor (registration T.7-15) plane crashes into the side of a mountain near
Chiva, on approach to
Valencia Airport
Valencia Airport ( es, Aeropuerto de Valencia, ca-valencia, Aeroport de València) , also known as ''Manises Airport'', is the tenth-busiest Spain, Spanish airport in terms of passengers and second in the region after Alicante Airport, Alicante ...
in
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
, killing all 11 people on board.
*
January 20
Events Pre-1600
* 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution.
* 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom.
* 1156 &ndas ...
–
Jimmy Carter
James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, he previously served as th ...
is
sworn in
Traditionally an oath (from Anglo-Saxon ', also called plight) is either a statement of fact or a promise taken by a sacrality as a sign of verity. A common legal substitute for those who conscientiously object to making sacred oaths is to giv ...
as the 39th President of the United States.
*
January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
*1264 & ...
– Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (; Given name, ''née'' Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician and a central figure of the Indian National Congress. She was elected as third prime minister of India in 1966 ...
of India calls for fresh elections to the
Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha, constitutionally the House of the People, is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament, with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past ...
, and releases all political prisoners.
*
January 24
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.
* 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt.
*1438 – The Cou ...
– The
Massacre of Atocha occurs, during the
Spanish transition to democracy
Spanish might refer to:
* Items from or related to Spain:
**Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain
**Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries
**Spanish cuisine
Other places
* Spanish, Ontario, Cana ...
.
February
*
February 2
Events Pre-1600
* 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law".
* 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King ...
– The Congress Party of India, led by
Indira Gandhi
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (; Given name, ''née'' Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician and a central figure of the Indian National Congress. She was elected as third prime minister of India in 1966 ...
, splits with
Jagjivan Ram
Jagjivan Ram (5 April 1908 – 6 July 1986), known popularly as Babuji, was an Indian independence activist and politician from Bihar. He was instrumental in the foundation of the ''All India Depressed Classes League'', an organisation dedicated ...
and other senior leaders, forming
Congress for Democracy
The Congress for Democracy (CFD) was an Indian political party founded in 1977 by Jagjivan Ram. It was formed after Jagjivan Ram, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna, and Nandini Satpathy left the Indian National Congress of Indira Gandhi and denounced her ru ...
. This party later merges with the
Janata Party
The Janata Party ( JP, lit. ''People's Party'') was a political party that was founded as an amalgam of Indian political parties opposed to the Emergency that was imposed between 1975 and 1977 by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of the Indian Nati ...
.
*
February 3
Events Pre-1600
* 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states.
*1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.
*1488 – ...
– In northern
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
a blizzard piles snow on rooftops, causing many to collapse killing at least 31 people.
*
February 4
Events Pre–1600
* 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...
– Eleven
CTA commuters are killed when an
elevated train derails from the
Loop
Loop or LOOP may refer to:
Brands and enterprises
* Loop (mobile), a Bulgarian virtual network operator and co-founder of Loop Live
* Loop, clothing, a company founded by Carlos Vasquez in the 1990s and worn by Digable Planets
* Loop Mobile, an ...
in central Chicago, United States.
*
February 7
Events Pre-1600
* 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor.
* 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II.
* 1301 &nd ...
– The
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
launches ''
Soyuz 24
Soyuz 24 (russian: Союз 24, ''Union 24'') was a February, 1977, Soviet mission to the Salyut 5 space station, the third and final mission to the station, the last purely military crew for the Soviets and the final mission to a military Sal ...
'' (
Viktor Gorbatko
Viktor Vasilyevich Gorbatko (russian: Ви́ктор Васи́льевич Горбатко́; 3 December 1934 – 17 May 2017) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 7, Soyuz 24, and Soyuz 37 missions.
Early life
Viktor Vasilievich Gor ...
,
Yury Glazkov
Yury Nikolayevich Glazkov (russian: Ю́рий Никола́евич Глазко́в; 2 October 1939 – 9 December 2008) was a Soviet Air Force officer and a cosmonaut. Glazkov held the rank of major general in the Russian Air Force.
Biograph ...
) to dock with the ''
Salyut 5
Salyut 5 (russian: Салют-5 meaning ''Salute 5''), also known as OPS-3, was a Soviet space station. Launched in 1976 as part of the Salyut programme, it was the third and last Almaz space station to be launched for the Soviet military. Two Soy ...
'' space station.
*
February 18
Events Pre-1600
* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.
* 1268 &ndas ...
– American
Space Shuttle program
The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011. Its ...
: First test flight of
Space Shuttle ''Enterprise'' mated to the
Boeing 747
The Boeing 747 is a large, long-range wide-body airliner designed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in the United States between 1968 and 2022.
After introducing the 707 in October 1958, Pan Am wanted a jet times its size, t ...
Shuttle Carrier Aircraft
The Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) are two extensively modified Boeing 747 airliners that NASA used to transport Space Shuttle orbiters. One (N905NA) is a 747-100 model, while the other (N911NA) is a short range 747-100SR.
The SCAs were used t ...
.
*
February 23
Events Pre-1600
* 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution.
* 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...
–
Óscar Romero
Óscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdámez (15 August 1917 – 24 March 1980) was a prelate of the Catholic Church in El Salvador. He served as Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of San Salvador, the Titular Bishop of Tambeae, as Bishop of Santiago d ...
, an outspoken opponent of violence, becomes Archbishop of San Salvador,
El Salvador
El Salvador (; , meaning " The Saviour"), officially the Republic of El Salvador ( es, República de El Salvador), is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south b ...
.
*
February 28
Events Pre-1600
*202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty.
* 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes.
*1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...
– Queen
Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
opens the
Parliament of New Zealand
The New Zealand Parliament ( mi, Pāremata Aotearoa) is the unicameral legislature of New Zealand, consisting of the King of New Zealand (King-in-Parliament) and the New Zealand House of Representatives. The King is usually represented by his ...
.
March
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
– The
1977 Vrancea earthquake
The 1977 Vrancea earthquake occurred on 4 March 1977, at 21:22 local time, and was felt throughout the Balkans. It had a magnitude of 7.5, making it the second most powerful earthquake recorded in Romania in the 20th century, after the 10 Novemb ...
in the
Vrancea Mountains
The Vrancea Mountains ( ro, Munții Vrancei) are a mountain range in the Curvature Carpathians in Romania. Located mostly in western Vrancea County, they also cover parts of Bacău, Buzău, and Covasna counties.
The highest peak is , at .
To t ...
of
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
kills 1,500.
*
March 8
Events Pre-1600
* 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''.
*1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León.
* 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bour ...
– The
Australian parliament
The Parliament of Australia (officially the Federal Parliament, also called the Commonwealth Parliament) is the legislature, legislative branch of the government of Australia. It consists of three elements: the monarch (represented by the ...
is opened by
Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
in her capacity as Queen of Australia.
*
March 9
Events Pre-1600
*141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.
*1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg.
* 1226 – ...
–
Hanafi Siege: Approximately a dozen armed
Hanafi Movement
Hamaas Abdul Khaalis (1921 – November 13, 2003), born Ernest Timothy McGhee, also known as Ernest "XX" McGee and Ernest 2X McGee, was leader of the Hanafi Movement, a African-American Muslims, Black Muslim group based in Washington, D.C. subs ...
members take over 3 buildings in Washington, D.C., killing 1 person and taking more than 130 hostages (the hostage situation ends 2 days later).
*
March 10
Events Pre-1600
* 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
* 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a t ...
– The
rings of Uranus
The rings of Uranus are intermediate in complexity between the more extensive set around Saturn and the simpler systems around Jupiter and Neptune. The rings of Uranus were discovered on March 10, 1977, by James L. Elliot, Edward W. Dunham, and ...
are discovered.
*
March 12
Events Pre-1600
* 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius.
* 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...
– The
Centenary Test
Centenary Test refers to two matches of Test cricket played between the English cricket team and the Australian cricket team, the first in 1977 and the second in 1980. These matches were played to mark the 100th anniversaries of the first Test cr ...
between Australia and England begins at the
Melbourne Cricket Ground
The Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), also known locally as "The 'G", is an Australian sports stadium located in Yarra Park, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Victoria. Founded and managed by the Melbourne Cricket Club, it is the largest stadiu ...
.
*
March 19
Events Pre-1600
* 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire.
*1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen ends ...
– Results of elections to the
Indian Parliament
The Parliament of India ( IAST: ) is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the president of India and two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the ...
are declared.
Indira Gandhi
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (; Given name, ''née'' Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician and a central figure of the Indian National Congress. She was elected as third prime minister of India in 1966 ...
's
Congress Party
The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party but often simply the Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Em ...
is routed by the opposition
Janata alliance
The Janata Party ( JP, lit. ''People's Party'') was a political party that was founded as an amalgam of Indian political parties opposed to the Emergency that was imposed between 1975 and 1977 by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of the Indian Nati ...
.
*
March 21
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...
– Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (; Given name, ''née'' Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician and a central figure of the Indian National Congress. She was elected as third prime minister of India in 1966 ...
withdraws the
state of emergency
A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to be able to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens. A government can declare such a state du ...
which was implemented on June 25, 1975.
*
March 27
Events Pre-1600
*1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and Interdict (Catholic canon law), interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. ...
–
Tenerife disaster
The Tenerife airport disaster occurred on March 27, 1977, when two Boeing 747 passenger jets collided on the runway at Los Rodeos Airport (now Tenerife North Airport) on the Spanish island of Tenerife. The collision occurred when KLM Flight 4 ...
: A collision between
KLM
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, legally ''Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V.'' (literal translation: Royal Aviation Company Plc.), is the flag carrier airline of the Netherlands. KLM is headquartered in Amstelveen, with its hub at nearby Amste ...
and
Pan Am
Pan American World Airways, originally founded as Pan American Airways and commonly known as Pan Am, was an American airline that was the principal and largest international air carrier and unofficial overseas flag carrier of the United States ...
Boeing 747
The Boeing 747 is a large, long-range wide-body airliner designed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in the United States between 1968 and 2022.
After introducing the 707 in October 1958, Pan Am wanted a jet times its size, t ...
s at
Tenerife
Tenerife (; ; formerly spelled ''Teneriffe'') is the largest and most populous island of the Canary Islands. It is home to 43% of the total population of the archipelago. With a land area of and a population of 978,100 inhabitants as of Janu ...
,
Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (; es, Canarias, ), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, in Macaronesia. At their closest point to the African mainland, they are west of Morocc ...
, kills 583 people. This becomes the deadliest accident in aviation history.
April
*
April 2
Events Pre-1600
*1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St. Jo ...
–
Horse racing
Horse racing is an equestrian performance sport, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys (or sometimes driven without riders) over a set distance for competition. It is one of the most ancient of all sports, as its basic p ...
:
Red Rum
Red Rum (3 May 1965 – 18 October 1995) was a champion Thoroughbred steeplechaser. He achieved an unmatched historic treble when he won the Grand National in 1973, 1974 and 1977, and also came second in the two intervening years, 1975 and ...
wins a record third
Grand National
The Grand National is a National Hunt horse race held annually at Aintree Racecourse in Liverpool, England. First run in 1839, it is a handicap ...
at
Aintree Racecourse
Aintree Racecourse is a horse racing, racecourse in Aintree, Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, Merseyside, England, bordering the city of Liverpool. The racecourse is the venue for the Grand National steeplechase (horse racing), steeplechase, whi ...
in the UK.
*
April 4
Events Pre-1600
* 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines.
* 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground.
* 611 – ...
–
Southern Airways Flight 242
Southern Airways Flight 242 was a flight from Muscle Shoals, Alabama, to Atlanta, Georgia, with a stop in Huntsville, Alabama. On April 4, 1977, it executed a forced landing on Georgia State Route 381 in New Hope, Paulding County, Georgia, Unit ...
crashes on a highway in
New Hope, Georgia, United States, killing 72 people.
*
April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
– German Federal Prosecutor
Siegfried Buback
Siegfried Buback (3 January 1920, Wilsdruff, Saxony – 7 April 1977, Karlsruhe) was the Attorney General of West Germany from 1974 until his murder in 1977.
Life and career
Buback studied at the University of Leipzig. From 1940 to 1945, he w ...
and his driver are shot by
Red Army Faction
The Red Army Faction (RAF, ; , ),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (, , active 1970–1998), was a West German far-left Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group founded in 1970.
The ...
members while waiting at a red light near his home in
Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe ( , , ; South Franconian: ''Kallsruh'') is the third-largest city of the German state (''Land'') of Baden-Württemberg after its capital of Stuttgart and Mannheim, and the 22nd-largest city in the nation, with 308,436 inhabitants. ...
. The "
Ulrike Meinhof
Ulrike Marie Meinhof (7 October 1934 – 9 May 1976) was a German left-wing journalist and founding member of the Red Army Faction (RAF) in West Germany, commonly referred to in the press as the "Baader-Meinhof gang". She is the reputed author ...
Commando" later claims responsibility.
*
April 9
Events Pre-1600
* 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum.
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, s ...
–
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
legalizes the
Communist Party of Spain
The Communist Party of Spain ( es, Partido Comunista de España; PCE) is a Marxist-Leninist party that, since 1986, has been part of the United Left coalition, which is part of Unidas Podemos. It currently has two of its politicians serving as ...
, which had been outlawed since 1939.
*
April 11
Events Pre-1600
* 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
* 1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.
* 1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferra ...
–
London Transport's Silver Jubilee AEC Routemaster
The AEC Routemaster is a Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, front-engined double-decker bus that was designed by London Transport Executive, London Transport and built by the Associated Equipment Company (AEC) and Park Royal Vehicles. The ...
buses are launched.
*
April 17
Events Pre-1600
*1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized.
*1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...
– Belgian Prime Minister
Leo Tindemans
Leonard Clemence "Leo" Tindemans (; 16 April 1922 – 26 December 2014) was a Belgian politician. He served as the prime minister of Belgium serving from 25 April 1974 until he resigned as minister on 20 October 1978. He was a member of the Chri ...
' Christian Social Party gains eight seats in the lower house in parliamentary elections.
*
April 18
Events Pre-1600
* 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days.
* 1428 – Peace of Ferrara betw ...
- An
annular solar eclipse
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of the Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six month ...
was visible in Africa, and was the 29th solar eclipse of
Solar Saros 138
Saros cycle series 138 for solar eclipses occurs at the Moon's descending node, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, containing 70 events. 16 of these are partial solar eclipses. All eclipses in this series occurs at the Moon's descending node.
T ...
.
*
April 22
Events Pre-1600
* 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil.
* 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico.
* 1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern ...
–
Optical fiber
An optical fiber, or optical fibre in Commonwealth English, is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair. Optical fibers are used most often as a means to ...
is first used to carry live telephone traffic.
*
April 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty).
* 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy m ...
– In northern
Bangladesh
Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
, a cyclone kills 13 people and injures about 100 others.
*
April 28
Events Pre-1600
* 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire.
* 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...
– A federal court in
Stuttgart
Stuttgart (; Swabian: ; ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley known as the ''Stuttgarter Kessel'' (Stuttgart Cauldron) and lies an hour from the ...
, West Germany, sentences
Red Army Faction
The Red Army Faction (RAF, ; , ),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (, , active 1970–1998), was a West German far-left Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group founded in 1970.
The ...
members
Andreas Baader
Berndt Andreas Baader (6 May 1943 – 18 October 1977) was one of the first leaders of the West German left-wing militant organization Red Army Faction (RAF), also commonly known as ''the Baader-Meinhof Group''.
Life
Andreas Baader was born in ...
,
Gudrun Ensslin
Gudrun Ensslin (; 15 August 1940 – 18 October 1977) was a German far-left terrorist and founder of the West German far-left militant group Red Army Faction (, or RAF, also known as the Baader-Meinhof Gang).
After becoming involved with co-fou ...
, and
Jan-Carl Raspe
Jan-Carl Raspe (24 July 1944 – 18 October 1977) was a member of the German militant group, the Red Army Faction (RAF).
Early life
Raspe was born in Seefeld in Tirol (then Germany, now Austria). He was described as gentle but had difficulty co ...
to life imprisonment.
*
April 30
Events Pre-1600
* 311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends.
* 1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois.
*1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus hi ...
– The
Cold War
The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
between
Cambodia
Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailand t ...
and
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
evolves into the
Cambodian–Vietnamese War
The Cambodian–Vietnamese War ( km, សង្គ្រាមកម្ពុជា-វៀតណាម, vi, Chiến tranh Campuchia–Việt Nam), known in Vietnam as the Counter-offensive on the Southwestern border ( vi, Chiến dịch Phản ...
.
May
*
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
* 1169 &ndas ...
– The
Taksim Square massacre
The Taksim Square massacre ( tr, Kanlı 1 Mayıs, or the Bloody First of May) was an attack on leftist demonstrators on 1 May 1977 (International Workers' Day) in Taksim Square, Istanbul, Turkey. Casualty figures vary between 34 and 42 persons kil ...
in
Istanbul
Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...
results in 34 deaths and hundreds of injuries.
*
May 12
Events Pre-1600
* 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism.
* 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...
– Portugal and Israel establish
diplomatic relations
Diplomacy comprises spoken or written communication by representatives of states (such as leaders and diplomats) intended to influence events in the international system.Ronald Peter Barston, ''Modern diplomacy'', Pearson Education, 2006, p. 1 ...
.
*
May 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks.
*1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade.
* 1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forc ...
** The
1977 IAS Cargo Boeing 707 airplane crash in
Lusaka
Lusaka (; ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Zambia. It is one of the fastest-developing cities in southern Africa. Lusaka is in the southern part of the central plateau at an elevation of about . , the city's population was ab ...
,
Zambia
Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most cent ...
kills all six on board.
** In
Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
, Italy, during a far-left demonstration, a hooded person shoots at the police, killing a policeman, Antonio Custra. The scene is photographed and the picture of the hooded man shooting in the middle of the street appears in many magazines around the world.
** The
Montreal Canadiens
The Montreal CanadiensEven in English, the French spelling is always used instead of ''Canadians''. The French spelling of ''Montréal'' is also sometimes used in the English media. (french: link=no, Les Canadiens de Montréal), officially ...
sweep the
Boston Bruins
The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston. The Bruins compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Atlantic Division in the Eastern Conference. The team has been in existence since 1924, making t ...
in four games to win their second straight
Stanley Cup
The Stanley Cup (french: La Coupe Stanley) is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League (NHL) playoff champion. It is the oldest existing trophy to be awarded to a professional sports franchise in North America, an ...
.
*
May 16
Events Pre-1600
* 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan.
*1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
* 1364 ...
– A 20-passenger
S-61L topples sideways at takeoff from the roof of the
Pan Am Building
The MetLife Building (also 200 Park Avenue and formerly the Pan Am Building) is a skyscraper at Park Avenue and 45th Street, north of Grand Central Terminal, in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. Designed in the Internation ...
in
Midtown Manhattan
Midtown Manhattan is the central portion of the New York City borough of Manhattan and serves as the city's primary central business district. Midtown is home to some of the city's most prominent buildings, including the Empire State Buildin ...
. Four passengers are killed by the turning rotors and a woman at street level is killed by a falling blade.
*
May 17
Events Pre-1600
*1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army.
* 1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason.
* 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...
– The
Likud
Likud ( he, הַלִּיכּוּד, HaLikud, The Consolidation), officially known as Likud – National Liberal Movement, is a major centre-right to right-wing political party in Israel. It was founded in 1973 by Menachem Begin and Ariel Sharon ...
Party, led by
Menachem Begin
Menachem Begin ( ''Menaḥem Begin'' (); pl, Menachem Begin (Polish documents, 1931–1937); ''Menakhem Volfovich Begin''; 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992) was an Israeli politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of Israel. B ...
, wins the national elections in
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
.
*
May 23
Events Pre-1600
* 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction.
* 1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy.
*1533 – The marriage of King Henry VI ...
** Scientists report using
bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among ...
in a lab to make
insulin
Insulin (, from Latin ''insula'', 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the ''INS'' gene. It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism o ...
via
gene splicing
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) that bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be foun ...
.
**
Molucca
The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located ...
n terrorists take over a school in
Bovensmilde
Bovensmilde is a village in the Netherlands' province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about southwest of Assen.
History
The village was first mentioned in 1847 as Boven-Smilde (literally: Upper-Smilde), ...
, northern Netherlands (105 hostages), and a passenger train on the Bovensmilde–
Assen
Assen () is a municipality and a city in the northeastern Netherlands, and is the capital (politics), capital of the province of Drenthe. It received City rights in the Netherlands, city rights in 1809. Assen is known for TT Circuit Assen, the ...
route nearby (90 hostages) at the same time. On
June 11
Events Pre-1600
* 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...
,
Dutch Royal Marines
The Netherlands Marine Corps ( nl, Korps Mariniers) is the elite naval infantry corps of the Royal Netherlands Navy. The marines trace their origins back to the establishment of the on 10 December 1665, by the then grand pensionary of the Dutch ...
storm the train, and six terrorists and two hostages are killed.
*
May 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed.
* 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death.
* 1153 &ndash ...
** The
1977 Aeroflot Ilyushin 62 airplane crash in
Cuba
Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
kills 69 people.
** A
demonstration and coup attempt in Angola takes place. Thousands are killed by the government and Cuban forces.
*
May 28
Events Pre-1600
* 585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from w ...
– The
Beverly Hills Supper Club in
Southgate, Kentucky
Southgate is a home rule-class city in Campbell County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 3,803 at the 2010 census.
History
The city of Southgate is named for the family of Richard Southgate. Born in New York City, Richard Southgate ...
, is engulfed in fire; 165 are killed inside.
*
May 29
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city.
* 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
–
Indianapolis 500
The Indianapolis 500, formally known as the Indianapolis 500-Mile Race, and commonly called the Indy 500, is an annual automobile race held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS) in Speedway, Indiana, United States, an enclave suburb of Indi ...
:
A. J. Foyt
Anthony Joseph Foyt Jr. (born January 16, 1935) is an American retired auto racing driver who has raced in numerous genres of motorsports. His open wheel racing includes United States Automobile Club Champ cars, sprint cars, and midget cars. He ...
becomes the first driver to win the race four times.
June
![Flag of Djibouti](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg)
*
June 5
Events Pre-1600
*1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights.
*1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles II of Naples, Charles ...
– A bloodless
coup installs
France-Albert René
France-Albert René (; 16 November 1934 – 27 February 2019) was a Seychellois lawyer, politician and statesman who served as the second President of Seychelles from 1977 to 2004. He also served as the country's 2nd Prime Minister from its in ...
as President of the
Seychelles
Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (french: link=no, République des Seychelles; Creole: ''La Repiblik Sesel''), is an archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, V ...
.
*
June 10
Events Pre-1600
* 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu.
*1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...
– The first
Apple II series
The Apple II series (trademarked with square brackets as "Apple ] ''" and rendered on later models as "Apple //") is a family of home computers, one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products, designed primaril ...
computers go on sale.
*
June 15
Events Pre-1600
* 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history.
* 844 – Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II.
* 923 – Battle of So ...
– Spain has
its first democratic elections, after 41 years of
Francoist Spain
Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spai ...
.
*
June 21
Events Pre-1600
* 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date).
* 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mo ...
–
Bülent Ecevit
Mustafa Bülent Ecevit (; 28 May 1925 – 5 November 2006) was a Turkish politician, statesman, poet, writer, scholar, and journalist, who served as the Prime Minister of Turkey four times between 1974 and 2002. He served as prime minister in ...
, of
CHP forms the new government of
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
(40th government since the founding of the Turkish republic, but fails to receive the vote of confidence).
*
June 25
Events Pre-1600
* 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
– The
1977 Rugby League World Cup
The 1977 Rugby League World Cup was the eighth Rugby League World Cup tournament and was held in Australasia, with games played during May and June in both Australia and New Zealand. It featured four teams: Great Britain and France in addition t ...
culminates in
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
's 13–12 victory over
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It is ...
at the
Sydney Cricket Ground
The Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) is a sports stadium in Sydney, Australia. It is used for Test cricket, Test, One Day International and Twenty20 cricket, as well as, Australian rules football and occasionally for rugby league, rugby union and as ...
before about 24,450 spectators.
*
June 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded.
* 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England.
* 1499 – Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coas ...
–
Djibouti
Djibouti, ar, جيبوتي ', french: link=no, Djibouti, so, Jabuuti officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red ...
receives its independence from France.
*
June 30
Events Pre-1600
* 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
* 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...
– The
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was an international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, or Manila Pact, signed in September 1954 in Manila, the Philipp ...
is permanently disbanded.
July
*
July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
** The
East African Community
The East African Community (EAC) is an intergovernmental organisation composed of seven countries in the Great Lakes region of East Africa: the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the United Republic of Tanzania, the Republics of Kenya, Burundi, ...
is dissolved.
**
The Championships, Wimbledon
The Wimbledon Championships, commonly known simply as Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world and is widely regarded as the most prestigious. It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London, since 1877 and is play ...
(tennis) –
Virginia Wade
Sarah Virginia Wade (born 10 July 1945) is a British former professional tennis player. She won three Major tennis singles championships and four major doubles championships, and is the only British woman in history to have won titles at all f ...
wins the women's singles title in the centenary year of the tournament, Wade's first and only Wimbledon title and her third and final Grand Slam title overall; she remains the last British woman to win the singles title at Wimbledon.
*
July 5
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge (Danube), Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus (Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman Empire, Roman architect Theophilus Pa ...
– General
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq HI, GCSJ, ร.ม.ภ, (Urdu: ; 12 August 1924 – 17 August 1988) was a Pakistani four-star general and politician who became the sixth President of Pakistan following a coup and declaration of martial law in ...
overthrows
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Zulfikar (or Zulfiqar) Ali Bhutto ( ur, , sd, ذوالفقار علي ڀٽو; 5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979), also known as Quaid-e-Awam ("the People's Leader"), was a Pakistani barrister, politician and statesman who served as the fourth ...
, the first elected Prime Minister of Pakistan.
* July 9 – The Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990), Pinochet dictatorship in Chile organises the youth event of Acto de Chacarillas,
a ritualised act reminiscent of
Francoist Spain
Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spai ...
.
* July 10 – A temperature of , a List of weather records, record for continental Europe, is recorded in Climate of Greece, Greece.
* July 13
** Somalia declares war on Ethiopia, starting the Ethio-Somali War.
** New York City is affected by a complete New York City blackout of 1977, electricity blackout lasting through the following day that results in citywide looting and other criminal activity, including arson.
* July 21 – July 24, 24 – The Libyan–Egyptian War, sparked by a Libyan raid on Sallum, begins.
* July 21 – Süleyman Demirel, of Justice Party (Turkey), AP forms the new government of
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
(41st government a three-party coalition, so-called second national front ( tr, Milliyetçi cephe)).
* July 22 – The purged Chinese Communist leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power nine months after the "Gang of Four" was expelled from power in a coup d'état.
* July 27 – The Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Soviet Politburo orders Boris Yeltsin to demolish the Ipatiev House, where Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family were shot in 1918. Yeltsin eventually calls this a barbarian act.
* July 30 – Left-wing German terrorists Susanne Albrecht, Brigitte Mohnhaupt and Christian Klar assassinate Jürgen Ponto, chairman of the Dresdner Bank in Oberursel, West Germany.
August
* August 3
** United States Senate hearings on Project MKUltra are held.
** The Tandy Corporation TRS-80 Model I computer is announced at a press conference.
* August 4 – U.S. President
Jimmy Carter
James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, he previously served as th ...
signs legislation creating the United States Department of Energy.
* August 9 – The military-controlled government of Uruguay announces that it will return the nation to civilian rule through general elections in 1981 for a President and General Assembly of Uruguay, Congress.
* August 12 – The NASA Space Shuttle, named ''Space Shuttle Enterprise, Enterprise'', makes its first test free-flight from the back of a Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.
* August 15
** The Big Ear, a radio telescope operated by Ohio State University as part of the SETI project, receives a radio signal from deep space; the event is named the Wow! signal for a notation made by a volunteer on the project.
** Herbert Kappler escapes from the Caelian Hill military hospital in Rome.
* August 17 – The Soviet icebreaker ''Arktika (1972 nuclear icebreaker), Arktika'' becomes the first surface ship to reach the North Pole.
* August 20 – Voyager program: The United States launches the Voyager 2 spacecraft.
* August 26 – The National Assembly of Quebec passes the Charter of the French Language (Law 101, ''La charte de la langue française'') making French language, French the official language of the Canadian province of Quebec.
September
* September 4 – The Golden Dragon massacre takes place in San Francisco, United States.
* September 5
** Voyager program: ''Voyager 1'' is launched after a brief delay.
** German Autumn: Employers Association President Hanns Martin Schleyer is kidnapped in Cologne, West Germany. The kidnappers kill three escorting police officers and his chauffeur. They demand the release of
Red Army Faction
The Red Army Faction (RAF, ; , ),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (, , active 1970–1998), was a West German far-left Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group founded in 1970.
The ...
prisoners.
* September 7 – Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The U.S. agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century.
* September 8 – Interpol issues a resolution against the copyright infringement of video tapes and other material, which is still cited in warnings on opening pre-credits of videocassettes and DVDs.
* September 10 – Hamida Djandoubi's is the last guillotine execution in France (at Marseille) and the last legal beheading in the western world.
* September 11 – Atari, Inc. releases its Atari 2600, Video Computer System in North America.
* September 18 – ''Courageous (yacht), Courageous'' (U.S.), skippered by Ted Turner, sweeps the Australian challenger ''Australia'' in the 1977 America's Cup, 24th America's Cup yacht race.
* September 19
** Under pressure from the Carter Administration, President of Nicaragua Anastasio Somoza Debayle lifts the State of emergency, state of siege in Nicaragua.
** North Korean agents abduct Yutaka Kume from Noto Peninsula starting the North Korean abductions of Japanese citizens.
* September 20 – The Petrozavodsk phenomenon is observed in the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
and some northern European countries.
* September 28 – The Porsche 928 debuts at the Geneva Motor Show.
October
* October 1 – Energy Research and Development Administration combines with the Federal Energy Administration to form United States Department of Energy.
* October 7
** The Soviet Union adopts its 1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union, third Constitution. The Soviet National Anthem's lyrics are returned after a 24-year period, with Joseph Stalin's name omitted.
** Pelé plays his final professional football game, as a member of the New York Cosmos (1970–85), New York Cosmos.
* October 13 – German Autumn: Four Palestinian people, Palestinians hijack Lufthansa Flight 181 to Somalia and demand the release of 11
Red Army Faction
The Red Army Faction (RAF, ; , ),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (, , active 1970–1998), was a West German far-left Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group founded in 1970.
The ...
members.
* October 17 – October 18, 18 – German Autumn: GSG 9 troopers storm the hijacked Lufthansa passenger plane in Mogadishu, Somalia; three of the four hijackers die.
* October 18
** German Autumn:
Red Army Faction
The Red Army Faction (RAF, ; , ),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (, , active 1970–1998), was a West German far-left Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group founded in 1970.
The ...
members
Andreas Baader
Berndt Andreas Baader (6 May 1943 – 18 October 1977) was one of the first leaders of the West German left-wing militant organization Red Army Faction (RAF), also commonly known as ''the Baader-Meinhof Group''.
Life
Andreas Baader was born in ...
,
Jan-Carl Raspe
Jan-Carl Raspe (24 July 1944 – 18 October 1977) was a member of the German militant group, the Red Army Faction (RAF).
Early life
Raspe was born in Seefeld in Tirol (then Germany, now Austria). He was described as gentle but had difficulty co ...
and
Gudrun Ensslin
Gudrun Ensslin (; 15 August 1940 – 18 October 1977) was a German far-left terrorist and founder of the West German far-left militant group Red Army Faction (, or RAF, also known as the Baader-Meinhof Gang).
After becoming involved with co-fou ...
commit suicide in Stammheim prison; Irmgard Möller fails (their supporters still claim they were murdered). They are buried on October 27.
* October 19 – German Autumn: Kidnapped industrialist Hanns Martin Schleyer is found murdered in Mulhouse, France.
* October 20 – Three members of the rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd die in a charter plane crash outside Gillsburg, Mississippi, three days after the release of their fifth studio album ''Street Survivors''.
* October 21 – The European Patent Institute is founded.
* October 23 – The president of Catalonia, Josep Tarradellas, returns to Barcelona from exile and the autonomous government of Catalonia, the Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat, is restored.
* October 26
** The last natural smallpox case is discovered in Merca district, Somalia. The WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC consider this date the anniversary of the eradication of smallpox, a great success of vaccination and, by extension, of modern science.
**
Space Shuttle program
The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011. Its ...
: Last test taxi flight of
Space Shuttle ''Enterprise'', over California.
* October 27 – British punk band Sex Pistols release ''Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols'' on the Virgin Records label. Despite refusal by major retailers in the UK to stock it, it enters the UK Album Charts at number one the week after its release.
* October 28 – Hong Kong police attack the Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong), ICAC headquarters.
November
* November 1 – 2060 Chiron, first of the outer Solar System asteroids known as Centaur (minor planet), Centaurs, is discovered by Charles T. Kowal, Charlie Kowal.
![IP stack connections](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/IP_stack_connections.svg)
* November 2 – The worst storm in Athens' modern history causes havoc across the Greek capital and kills 38 people.
* November 6 – The Kelly Barnes Dam, located above Toccoa Falls Bible College near Toccoa, Georgia, United States, fails, killing 39 people.
* November 8
** Greek archaeologist Manolis Andronikos discovers the tomb of Philip II of Macedon at Vergina.
** San Francisco elects City Supervisor Harvey Milk, the first openly gay elected official of any large city in the U.S.
* November 9 – Hugo Banzer, Gen. Hugo Banzer, president of the military government of Bolivia, announces that the constitutional democracy will be restored in 1978 instead of 1980 as previously provided.
* November 10 – The Saturday Night Fever: The Original Movie Sound Track, soundtrack to ''Saturday Night Fever'' is released. Featuring five new Bee Gees compositions, it will go on to become the then best selling album of all time.
* November 19
** Egyptian President Anwar Sadat becomes the first Arab people, Arab leader to make an official visit to
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
, when he meets with Israeli Prime Minister
Menachem Begin
Menachem Begin ( ''Menaḥem Begin'' (); pl, Menachem Begin (Polish documents, 1931–1937); ''Menakhem Volfovich Begin''; 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992) was an Israeli politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of Israel. B ...
, seeking a permanent peace settlement.
** TAP Portugal Flight 425 crashes at Madeira Airport, Funchal, Portugal, killing 131 and leaving 33 survivors.
* November 22
** British Airways inaugurates regular London to New York City supersonic Concorde service.
** The TCP/IP test succeeds, connecting 3 ARPANET nodes (of 111), in what eventually becomes the Internet protocol.
* November 30 – The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) is founded as a specialized agency of the United Nations.
December
* December – The Colombo Plan for Co-operative Economic and Social Development in Asia and the Pacific (CESDAP) is implemented.
* December 4
** Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic, crowns himself Emperor.
** Malaysian Airline System Flight 653 is hijacked and crashes in Tanjung Kupang, Johor, Malaysia, killing all 100 passengers and crew on board.
* December 6 – South Africa grants independence to Bophuthatswana, although it is not recognized by any other country.
* December 10 – 1977 Australian federal election: Malcolm Fraser's Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal/National Party of Australia, National Country Coalition (Australia), Coalition Fraser Government, Government is re-elected with a slightly reduced majority, defeating the Australian Labor Party, Labor Party led by former Prime Minister of Australia, Prime Minister Gough Whitlam. Consequently, Whitlam resigned as ALP leader after holding the job for nearly 11 years; he would be December 1977 Australian Labor Party leadership election, replaced by former Treasurer of Australia, Treasurer Bill Hayden.
* December 13 – a chartered Douglas DC-3 aircraft carrying the University of Evansville basketball team to Nashville, Tennessee, Air Indiana Flight 216, crashes in rain and dense fog about 90 seconds after takeoff from Evansville Regional Airport; 29 people die in the crash, including 14 members of the team and head coach Bob Watson.
* December 16 – ''Saturday Night Fever'' is released in theaters and becomes the biggest dancing movie of all time. The movie launches the career of its star John Travolta and catapults the Bee Gees — who performed several songs on the Saturday Night Fever (soundtrack), soundtrack — to newfound success.
* December 18 – SA de Transport Aérien Flight 730, an international charter service from Zurich to Funchal Airport (Madeira), hits the sea during a landing attempt. Many of the 36 who die drown, trapped inside the sinking aircraft. Twenty-one people survive with the help of rescuers and by swimming to the shore.
* December 19 – The 5.9 1977 Bob–Tangol earthquake, Bob–Tangol earthquake rocks Iran, killing at least 584 people and injuring 1,000.
* December 20 –
Djibouti
Djibouti, ar, جيبوتي ', french: link=no, Djibouti, so, Jabuuti officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red ...
and
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
join the United Nations.
* December 22 – A grain elevator explodes in Westwego, Louisiana, United States, killing 36 people.
Births
January
![Jerry Trainor 2021](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Jerry_Trainor_2021.jpg)
* January 1 – Jerry Yan, Taiwanese singer
* January 3 – Mayumi Iizuka, Japanese voice actress
* January 4 – Irán Castillo, Mexican actress and singer
* January 11
** Anni Friesinger-Postma, German speed skater
** Devin Ratray, American actor
* January 13 – Orlando Bloom, British actor
* January 14 – Narain Karthikeyan, Indian Formula One driver
* January 15 – Giorgia Meloni, Italian politician
*
January 17
Events Pre-1600
* 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
– Leigh Whannell, Australian actor and writer
*
January 19
Events Pre-1600
* 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
* 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...
– Ma Dongbo, Chinese former footballer
*
January 20
Events Pre-1600
* 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution.
* 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom.
* 1156 &ndas ...
– Melody (Belgian singer), Melody, Belgian singer
* January 21 – Jerry Trainor, American actor, comedian and musician
* January 22 – Hidetoshi Nakata, Japanese footballer
*
January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
*1264 & ...
– Kamal Heer, Punjabi singer and musician
*
January 24
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.
* 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt.
*1438 – The Cou ...
– Johann Urb, Estonian-born American actor
* January 25
** Christian Ingebrigtsen, Norwegian singer
** Hatem Trabelsi, Tunisian footballer
* January 26
** Niklas Almqvist, Nicholaus Arson, Swedish guitarist and songwriter
** Vince Carter, American basketball player
* January 28 – Takuma Sato, Japanese racing driver
* January 31 – Kerry Washington, African-American actress
February
![Floyd Mayweather Jr 2011](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Floyd_Mayweather_Jr_2011.jpg)
*
February 2
Events Pre-1600
* 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law".
* 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King ...
– Shakira, Colombian singer-songwriter and musician
*
February 3
Events Pre-1600
* 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states.
*1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.
*1488 – ...
– Daddy Yankee, Puerto Rican singer
* February 5 – Ben Ainslie, British sailor
*
February 7
Events Pre-1600
* 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor.
* 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II.
* 1301 &nd ...
– Mariusz Pudzianowski, Polish strongman
* February 11 – Mike Shinoda, American musician, singer and rapper
*
February 18
Events Pre-1600
* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.
* 1268 &ndas ...
** Ike Barinholtz, American actor, comedian and screenwriter
** László Nemes, Hungarian film director and screenwriter
* February 19 – Gianluca Zambrotta, Italian footballer
* February 20
** Stephon Marbury, American basketball player
** Gail Kim, Canadian professional wrestler and actress
* February 21
** Cyrine Abdelnour, Lebanese singer, actress, and model
** Jonathan Safran Foer, American author
** Steve Francis, American basketball player
*
February 23
Events Pre-1600
* 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution.
* 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...
– Kristina Šmigun-Vähi, Estonian skier
* February 24 – Floyd Mayweather Jr., boxing champion
* February 26
** Olsi Baze, columnist, writer and human rights activist.
** Shane Williams, Welsh rugby player
*
February 28
Events Pre-1600
*202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty.
* 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes.
*1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...
** Jason Aldean, American country music singer
** Rafael Amaya, Mexican model, singer, and actor
March
![Jessica Chastain (Berlin Film Festival 2011)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Jessica_Chastain_%28Berlin_Film_Festival_2011%29.jpg)
* March 1 – Rens Blom, Dutch athlete
* March 2 – Chris Martin, British rock musician
* March 3 – Ronan Keating, Irish singer
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
– Ana Guevara, Mexican track and field athlete and politician
* March 5 – Wally Szczerbiak, Spanish-born basketball player
* March 6
** Paquillo Fernández, Spanish race walker
** Santino Marella, Canadian professional wrestler
* March 7
** Ronan O'Gara, Irish rugby player
** Mitja Zastrow, German-born swimmer
*
March 8
Events Pre-1600
* 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''.
*1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León.
* 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bour ...
– James Van Der Beek, American actor
*
March 9
Events Pre-1600
*141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.
*1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg.
* 1226 – ...
** Bree Turner, American actress
** Peter Enckelman, Finnish footballer
** Shannon Miller, American gymnast
** Robin Thicke, American-Canadian R&B singer-songwriter, musician, composer, and actor
* March 11
** Becky Hammon, American basketball player
** Jason Greeley, Canadian singer
* March 14
** Naoki Matsuda, Japanese footballer (d. 2011)
** Kim Nam-il, South Korean footballer
* March 15 – Brian Tee, Japanese American actor
* March 16 – Mónica Cruz, Spanish actress and dancer
* March 18
** Arkady Babchenko, Russian journalist
** Zdeno Chára, Slovak ice hockey player
* March 24 – Jessica Chastain, American actress
* March 25 – Édgar Ramírez, Venezuelan actor
* March 26 – Bianca Kajlich, American actress
*
March 27
Events Pre-1600
*1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and Interdict (Catholic canon law), interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. ...
– Vítor Meira, Brazilian racing driver
* March 28 – Annie Wersching, American actress
April
![John Cena July 2018](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/John_Cena_July_2018.jpg)
* April 1
** Vitor Belfort, Brazilian mixed martial artist
** Paul Kalanithi, Indian-American neurosurgeon and writer (d. 2015)
*
April 2
Events Pre-1600
*1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St. Jo ...
** Michael Fassbender, Irish-German actor
** Nicki Pedersen, Danish motorcycle rider
* April 5
** Jonathan Erlich, Israeli tennis player
** Daniel Majstorović, Swedish soccer player
* April 8 – Mehran Ghassemi, Iranian journalist (d. 2008)
*
April 9
Events Pre-1600
* 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum.
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, s ...
– Gerard Way, American musician and comic book writer
* April 12 – Tobias Angerer, German cross-country skier
* April 14
** Sarah Michelle Gellar, American actress
** Nate Fox, American professional basketball player (d. 2014)
** Rob McElhenney, American actor
* April 15 – Dejan Milojević, Dejan Milojevic, Serbian basketball player
* April 16 – Freddie Ljungberg, Swedish footballer
*
April 17
Events Pre-1600
*1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized.
*1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...
– Frederik Magle, Danish composer, concert organist, and pianist
* April 21 – Jamie Salé, Canadian figure skater
*
April 22
Events Pre-1600
* 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil.
* 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico.
* 1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern ...
** Anna Eriksson, Finnish pop-rock singer
** Steven Price (composer), Steven Price, British film composer
* April 23
** Arash (singer), Arash, Iranian-Swedish singer, entertainer and producer
** John Cena, American professional wrestler, actor and rapper
** Kal Penn, American actor, producer, and former civil servant
*
April 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty).
* 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy m ...
** Carlos Beltrán, Puerto Rican baseball player
** Rebecca Mader, English actress
* April 25 – Manolo Cardona, Colombian actor
* April 26
** Jason Earles, American actor, comedian, and martial artist
** Tom Welling, American actor, director, producer, and model
*
April 30
Events Pre-1600
* 311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends.
* 1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois.
*1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus hi ...
** Alexandra Holden, American actress
** Ole Jørn Myklebust, Norwegian jazz musician
May
![Samantha Morton Edinburgh International Film Festival](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Samantha_Morton_Edinburgh_International_Film_Festival.png)
* May 3 – Ryan Dempster, Canadian baseball player
* May 4 – Emily Perkins, Canadian actress
* May 5
** Choi Kang-hee (actress), Choi Kang-hee, South Korean actress
** Virginie Efira, Belgian actress and television anchor
** Jessica Schwarz, German film and television actress
* May 8 – Juan Ignacio Sánchez, Pepe Sánchez, Argentine basketball player
* May 10 – Nick Heidfeld, German racing driver
* May 11
** Janne Ahonen, Finnish ski jumper
** Victor Matfield, South African rugby player
*
May 12
Events Pre-1600
* 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism.
* 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...
** Graeme Dott, Scottish snooker player
** Maryam Mirzakhani, Iranian mathematician (d. 2017)
* May 13 – Samantha Morton, English actress
*
May 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks.
*1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade.
* 1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forc ...
– Roy Halladay, American baseball player (d. 2017)
*
May 16
Events Pre-1600
* 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan.
*1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
* 1364 ...
** Melanie Lynskey, New Zealand actress
** Emilíana Torrini, Icelandic singer
*
May 23
Events Pre-1600
* 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction.
* 1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy.
*1533 – The marriage of King Henry VI ...
** Richard Ayoade, British actor and presenter
** Ilia Kulik, Russian figure skater
** Yevgeny Rodionov, Russian soldier (d. 1996)
* May 24 – Jeet Gannguli, Indian singer, music director and score composer
* May 26
** Misaki Ito, Japanese actress
** Luca Toni, Italian footballer
*
May 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed.
* 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death.
* 1153 &ndash ...
** Abderrahmane Hammad, Algerian athlete
** Tommie van der Leegte, Dutch soccer player
*
May 29
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city.
* 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
– Massimo Ambrosini, Italian football player
* May 31
** Domenico Fioravanti, Italian swimmer
** Joachim Olsen, Danish athlete and politician
** Moses Sichone, Zambian footballer
June
![Kaja Kallas in 2016 (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Kaja_Kallas_in_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg)
* June 1
** Sarah Wayne Callies, American actress
** Jón Jósep Snæbjörnsson, Jónsi, Icelandic singer
* June 2 – Zachary Quinto, American actor
* June 7 – Chen Luyun, Chinese basketball (d. 2015)
* June 8 – Kanye West, American rapper and record producer
* June 9 – Peja Stojaković, Serbian basketball player
*
June 11
Events Pre-1600
* 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...
– Geoff Ogilvy, Australian golfer
* June 12 – Ana Tijoux, French-Chilean musician
* June 17 – Bartosz Brożek, Polish philosopher and jurist
* June 18
** Kaja Kallas, 19th Prime Minister of Estonia
** Majed Moqed, Saudi Arabian terrorist (d. 2001)
* June 19
** Peter Warrick, American football player
** Veronika Vařeková, Czech model
** Maria Cioncan, distance runner from Romania (d. 2007)
*
June 21
Events Pre-1600
* 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date).
* 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mo ...
– Jochen Hecht, German ice hockey player
* June 23 – Jason Mraz, American singer-songwriter
* June 24 – Mal Michael, Papua New Guinean footballer
*
June 25
Events Pre-1600
* 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
** Layla El, English dancer, model, and retired professional wrestler
** Naoya Tsukahara, Japanese gymnast
* June 26
** William Kipsang, Kenyan long-distance runner
** Tite Kubo, Japanese manga artist who created BLEACH
*
June 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded.
* 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England.
* 1499 – Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coas ...
** Arkadiusz Radomski, Polish footballer
** Raúl (footballer), Raúl, Spanish footballer
* June 28 – Harun Tekin, Turkish rock vocalist and guitarist (Mor ve Ötesi)
* June 29
** Jeff Baena, American screenwriter and film director
** Will Kemp (actor, born 1977), Will Kemp, English actor and dancer
** Zuleikha Robinson, British actress and singer
** Bradley Stryker, American actor
July
![Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden in 2018](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Victoria%2C_Crown_Princess_of_Sweden_in_2018.jpg)
*
July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
** Tom Frager, French-born singer and surfer
** Liv Tyler, American actress
* July 2 – Carl Froch, British boxer
* July 6 – Audrey Fleurot, French actress
* July 8
** Maciej Jachowski, Polish actor and singer
** Belinda Lee (host), Belinda Lee, Singaporean television host and actress
** Milo Ventimiglia, American actor
** Wang Zhizhi, Chinese basketball player
* July 9 – Noppadol Sangnil, Thai snooker player
* July 10
** Cary Joji Fukunaga, American film director, writer, and cinematographer
** Chiwetel Ejiofor, English actor
** Li Zimeng, Chinese host
* July 11
** Casper Crump, Danish actor
** Finau Maka, Tongan rugby union footballer
* July 12
** Steve Howey (actor), Steve Howey, American actor
** Brock Lesnar, American professional wrestler and former mixed martial artist
* July 13
** Jonah Lotan, Israeli actor
** Kari Wahlgren, American voice actress
* July 14 – Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden
* July 15 – Lana Parrilla, American actress
* July 18
** Alfian Sa'at, Singaporean writer, poet and playwright
** Alexander Morozevich, Russian chess Grandmaster
** Alfian Sa'at, Alfian bin Sa'at, Singaporean writer, poet and playwright
* July 21 – Paul Casey, English golfer
* July 24
** Danny Dyer, English actor
** Mehdi Mahdavikia, Iranian football player
* July 26 – Rebecca St. James, Australian-born Christian musician
* July 27 – Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Irish actor
* July 28 – Manu Ginóbili, Argentine basketball player
* July 30 – Jaime Pressly, American actress
August
![John Green by Gage Skidmore](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/John_Green_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg)
* August 1 – Helder Mota Ricardo, East Timorese footballer
* August 2 – Edward Furlong, American actor
* August 3 – Tom Brady, American football player and entrepreneur
* August 5 – David Chang, American restaurateur and author
* August 8 – Marílson Gomes dos Santos, Brazilian long-distance runner
* August 13 – Michael Klim, Australian swimmer
* August 15
** Martin Biron, Canadian hockey player
** Igor Cassina, Italian gymnast
* August 16 – Tamer Hosny, Egyptian singer-songwriter and actor
* August 17
** Tarja Turunen, Finnish operatic soprano
** Thierry Henry, French footballer
** William Gallas, French footballer
* August 18 – Lukáš Bauer, Czech cross-country skier
* August 19 – Callum Blue, English actor
* August 20
** Felipe Contepomi, Argentine rugby player
** Manuel Contepomi, Argentine rugby player
** Henning Stensrud, Norwegian ski jumper
* August 24
** Per Gade, Danish footballer
** Jürgen Macho, Austrian footballer
** John Green, American author, vlogger, and editor
** Robert Enke, German footballer (d. 2009)
* August 29 – Martha Ehlin, Swedish sports teacher (d. 2016)
* August 30
** Jens Ludwig, German guitarist
** Félix Sánchez (hurdler), Félix Sánchez, American-Dominican athlete
* August 31
** Jeff Hardy, American professional wrestler
** Ian Harte, Irish footballer
September
![Tom Hardy by Gage Skidmore](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Tom_Hardy_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg)
* September 1 – Kathleen de Leon Jones, Filipino-Australian actress, dancer, singer and television performer (Hi-5 (Australian band), Hi-5)
* September 2
** Frédéric Kanouté, Malian soccer player
** Elitsa Todorova, Bulgarian singer-songwriter
* September 4 – Lucie Silvas, English singer
* September 9 – Soulja Slim, American rapper (d. 2003)
* September 11 – Ludacris, American rapper and actor
* September 12
** 2 Chainz, American rapper
** James McCartney, English musician and songwriter
** Idan Raichel, Israeli singer-songwriter
* September 13 – Fiona Apple, American singer
* September 15
** Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Nigerian author
** Angela Aki, Japanese singer-songwriter
** Tom Hardy, English actor
** Jason Terry, American basketball player
* September 18 – Kieran West, British Olympic oarsman
* September 20 – Namie Amuro, Japanese singer
* September 21 – Marc de Hond, Dutch television presenter and wheelchair basketball player (d. 2020)
* September 22 – Paul Sculthorpe, English rugby league player
* September 23 – Suzanne Tamim, Lebanese singer, actress, and murder victim (d. 2008)
* September 24 – Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila, American football player
* September 25
** Clea DuVall, American actress
** Joel David Moore, American actor
* September 27 – Andrus Värnik, Estonian javelin thrower
* September 28
** Se-Ri Pak, South Korean golfer
** Kristal Tin, Hong Kong actress
* September 30
** Roy Carroll, Irish footballer
** Sun Jihai, Chinese footballer
October
![Birgit_Prinz](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Birgit_Prinz.jpg)
* October 2 – Didier Défago, Swiss Olympic alpine skier
* October 6 – Daniel Brière, Canadian ice hockey player
* October 8 – Anne-Caroline Chausson, French mountain bicycle racer
* October 11
** Matt Bomer, American film, stage, and television actor
** Claudia Palacios, Colombian journalist and newsreader
* October 12 – Bode Miller, American skier
* October 13
** Paul Pierce, American basketball player
** Kiele Sanchez, American actress
* October 14
** Kelly Schumacher, American basketball and volleyball player
** Oleg Velyky, Ukrainian and German handball player World champion 2007 (d. 2010)
* October 15 – David Trezeguet, French footballer
* October 16 – John Mayer, American musician and record producer
* October 17
** Dudu Aouate, Israeli footballer
** André Villas-Boas, Portuguese football manager
* October 18
** Jyothika, Indian actress
** Ryan Nelsen, New Zealand footballer
** Paul Stalteri, Canadian footballer
* October 25 – Birgit Prinz, German footballer
* October 26
** Jon Heder, American actor and voice artist
** Louis Crayton, Swiss/Liberian footballer
* October 27 – Kumar Sangakkara, Sri Lankan cricketer
* October 28 – Jonas Rasmussen, Danish badminton player
* October 29 – Brendan Fehr, Canadian actor
November
![Brittany Murphy](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Brittany_Murphy.jpg)
* November 2 – Maajid Nawaz, British-Pakistani activist and radio presenter
* November 6 – Patrícia Tavares, Portuguese actress
* November 10 – Brittany Murphy, American actress and singer (d. 2009)
* November 11 – Scoot McNairy, American actor
* November 13 – Huang Xiaoming, Chinese actor and singer
* November 15 – Sean Murray (actor), Sean Murray, American actor
* November 16
** Oksana Baiul, Ukrainian figure skater
** Maggie Gyllenhaal, American actress
* November 17 – Ryk Neethling, South African swimmer
* November 18 – Trent Barrett, Australian rugby league player
* November 19
** Mette Frederiksen, Danish politician
** Kerri Strug, American gymnast
* November 20 – Daniel Svensson, Swedish drummer
* November 21 – Tobias Sammet, German singer and songwriter
* November 24 – Colin Hanks, American actor
* November 28 – DeMya Walker, American basketball player
* November 30 – Nelsan Ellis, African-American film and television actor and playwright (d. 2017)
December
* December 1 – Brad Delson, American musician (Linkin Park)
* December 6
** Andrew Flintoff, English cricketer
** Paul McVeigh, Irish footballer
* December 7 – Luke Donald, English golfer
* December 8
** Elsa Benítez, Mexican model and television host
** Sébastien Chabal, French rugby union player
** Ryan Newman (racing driver), Ryan Newman, American race car driver
** Matthias Schoenaerts, Belgian actor and producer
* December 11 – Peter Stringer, Irish rugby union player
* December 12 – Adam Saitiev, Chechen wrestler, Olympic gold medalist
* December 16 – Anu Nieminen, Finnish badminton player
* December 17 – Oxana Fedorova, Russian model
* December 20 – Sonja Aldén, Swedish pop singer
* December 21
** Gregor Horvatič, Slovenian politician
** Emmanuel Macron, 25th President of France
* December 23 – Jari Mäenpää, Finnish musician
* December 24 – Domingo Vega, also known as ''Américo'', Chilean singer
* December 25 – Uhm Ji-won, South Korean actress
* December 30
** Laila Ali, American boxer
** Kenyon Martin, American basketball player
* December 31
** Psy, South Korean singer, songwriter, rapper, dancer and record producer
** Donald Trump Jr., American businessman and son of former U.S. President Donald Trump
Deaths
January
![Peter Finch 2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Peter_Finch_2.jpg)
* January 2 – Erroll Garner, American musician (b. 1921)
* January 4 – Ibrahim Biçakçiu, Albanian politician, 2-time Prime Minister of Albania leader of World War II (b. 1905)
* January 5 – Artur Adson, Estonian poet, writer and theatre critic (b. 1889)
* January 14
** Anthony Eden, British politician, 62nd Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1897)
** Peter Finch, English-born actor (b. 1916)
** Anaïs Nin, French diarist and writer (b. 1903)
*
January 17
Events Pre-1600
* 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
– Gary Gilmore, American murderer (b. 1940)
*
January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
* 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...
**
Džemal Bijedić
Džemal Bijedić ( cyrl, Џемал Биједић, ; 12 April 1917 – 18 January 1977) was a Bosnian and Yugoslav politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Yugoslavia from 30 July 1971 until his death in a plane crash on 18 January 1977.
...
, Yugoslavian politician, 27th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (b. 1917)
** Carl Zuckmayer, German writer and playwright (b. 1896)
*
January 19
Events Pre-1600
* 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
* 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...
– Yvonne Printemps, French singer and actress (b. 1894)
*
January 20
Events Pre-1600
* 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution.
* 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom.
* 1156 &ndas ...
– Dimitrios Kiousopoulos, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1892)
*
January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
*1264 & ...
– Pascual Pérez (boxer), Pascual Pérez, Argentine world Flyweight boxing champion (b. 1926)
* January 26 – Dietrich von Hildebrand, German philosopher and theologian (b. 1889)
* January 28 – Burt Mustin, American actor (b. 1884)
* January 29 – Freddie Prinze, American actor and comedian (b. 1954)
February
![Queen Alia of Jordan](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Queen_Alia_of_Jordan.jpg)
*
February 3
Events Pre-1600
* 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states.
*1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.
*1488 – ...
– Pauline Starke, American actress (b. 1901)
*
February 4
Events Pre–1600
* 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...
– Brett Halliday, American writer (b. 1904)
* February 5 – Oskar Klein, Swedish theoretical physicist (b. 1894)
* February 9 – Alia Al-Hussein, Queen consort of Jordan (b. 1948)
* February 15 – Herman Johannes Lam, Dutch botanist (b. 1892)
* February 16
** Rózsa Péter, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1905)
** Carlos Pellicer, Mexican poet (b. 1897)
* February 27 – John Dickson Carr, American crime novelist (b. 1906)
March
![Marien Ngouabi, 1972 (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Marien_Ngouabi%2C_1972_%28cropped%29.jpg)
* March 1 – Diallo Telli, Guinean diplomat and politician, 1st Secretary General of the Organisation of African Unity (b. 1925)
* March 3
** Brian Faulkner, last Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (b. 1921)
** Percy Marmont, American stage and screen actor (b. 1883)
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
** Andrés Caicedo, Colombian writer (b. 1951)
** Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, German jurist and senior government official, last führer of Nazi Germany (b. 1887)
* March 5 – Tom Pryce, British Formula One racing driver (b. 1949)
*
March 8
Events Pre-1600
* 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''.
*1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León.
* 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bour ...
– Henry Hull, American actor (b. 1890)
*
March 10
Events Pre-1600
* 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
* 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a t ...
** E. Power Biggs, English-American organist (b. 1906)
** Willem Schermerhorn, Dutch politician and civil engineer, 28th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1894)
* March 14 – Fannie Lou Hamer, American civil rights activist (b. 1917)
* March 15 – Antonino Rocca, Italian professional wrestler (b. 1921)
* March 17 – Claude Roger-Marx, French writer, and playwright (b. 1888)
* March 18 – Marien Ngouabi, 3rd President of Congo (b. 1938)
*
March 19
Events Pre-1600
* 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire.
*1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen ends ...
– William L. Laurence, Jewish Lithuanian-American journalist (b. 1888)
* March 20 – Charles Lyttelton, 10th Viscount Cobham, English politician, 9th Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1909)
* March 29 – Eugen Wüster, industrialist and terminologist (b. 1898)
* March 30 – Abdel Halim Hafez, Egyptian singer and actor (b. 1929)
April
![Carlos Prio Socarras of Cuba](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Carlos_Prio_Socarras_of_Cuba.jpg)
*
April 2
Events Pre-1600
*1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St. Jo ...
– John Whitaker (gymnast), John Whitaker, British gymnast (b. 1886)
* April 5 – Carlos Prío Socarrás, 11th President of Cuba (b. 1903)
*
April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
– Karl Ritter (director), Karl Ritter, German film producer and director (b. 1888)
*
April 11
Events Pre-1600
* 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
* 1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.
* 1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferra ...
– Jacques Prévert, French poet and screenwriter (b. 1900)
*
April 17
Events Pre-1600
*1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized.
*1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...
– William Conway (cardinal), William Conway, Northern Irish cardinal (b. 1913)
* April 20
** Wilmer Allison, American tennis champion (b. 1904)
** Bryan Foy, American film producer and director (b. 1896)
* April 21 – Gummo Marx, American actor and comedian (b. 1892)
* April 27
** Stanley Adams (actor), Stanley Adams, American actor (b. 1915)
** Charles Alston, American artist and sculptor (b. 1907)
*
April 28
Events Pre-1600
* 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire.
* 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...
** Ricardo Cortez, American actor (b. 1899)
** Sepp Herberger, German footballer and manager (b. 1897)
May
![Joan Crawford - 1936 - Hurrell](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Joan_Crawford_-_1936_-_Hurrell.JPG)
* May 5 – Ludwig Erhard, German politician, 28th Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic of Germany), Chancellor of Germany (West Germany) (b. 1897)
* May 7 – Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma, Spanish Carlist pretender (b. 1889)
* May 9 – James Jones (author), James Jones, American writer (b. 1921)
* May 10 – Joan Crawford, American actress (b. c. 1904)
* May 13 – Otto Deßloch, German World War II Luftwaffe general (b. 1889)
* May 15 – Herbert Wilcox, British film director and producer (b. 1892)
*
May 16
Events Pre-1600
* 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan.
*1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
* 1364 ...
– Modibo Keïta, 1st President of Mali (b. 1915)
* May 25 – Willoughby Norrie, 1st Baron Norrie, Willoughby Norrie, British army general and Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1893)
* May 31 – William Castle, American film director (b. 1914)
June
![Wernher von Braun 1960](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Wernher_von_Braun_1960.jpg)
* June 2 – Stephen Boyd, Northern Irish actor (b. 1931)
* June 3
** Archibald Hill, English physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1886)
** Roberto Rossellini, Italian film director (b. 1906)
* June 13 – Matthew Garber, English child actor (b. 1956)
* June 14 – Alan Reed, American actor (b. 1907)
* June 16 – Wernher von Braun, American-German aerospace engineer (b. 1912)
* June 22 – Marston Morse, American mathematician (b. 1892)
*
June 25
Events Pre-1600
* 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
– Olave Baden-Powell, founder of Scouting and Girl Guides (b. 1889)
* June 26 – Sergei Lemeshev, Russian operatic lyric tenor (b. 1902)
*
June 30
Events Pre-1600
* 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
* 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...
– Paul Hartmann (actor), Paul Hartmann, American actor (b. 1889)
July
![David Toro - (CROPPED1)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/David_Toro_-_%28CROPPED1%29.jpg)
* July 2 – Vladimir Nabokov, Russian-born American writer (b. 1899)
* July 9 – Alice Paul, American women's rights activist (b. 1885)
* July 15 – Konstantin Fedin, Russian writer (b. 1892)
* July 20 – Carter DeHaven, American actor (b. 1886)
* July 25 – David Toro, 35th President of Bolivia (b. 1898)
* July 26 – Prince Charles of Luxembourg (1927–1977), Prince Charles of Luxembourg, Prince of Luxembourg (b. 1927)
* July 30 – Jean de Laborde, French admiral (b. 1878)
* July 31 – Giuseppe Castellano, Italian general (b. 1893)
August
![Groucho Marx - portrait](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Groucho_Marx_-_portrait.jpg)
* August 1 – Francis Gary Powers, American Lockheed U-2, U-2 spy plane pilot (b. 1929)
* August 2 – Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira, Portuguese Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1888)
* August 3
** Alfred Lunt, American actor (b. 1892)
** Makarios III, Greek-Cypriot archbishop, 1st President of Cyprus (b. 1913)
* August 4
** Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian, English physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1889)
** Ernst Bloch, German Marxist philosopher (b. 1885)
* August 6 – Alexander Bustamante, Jamaican politician, 1st Prime Minister of Jamaica (b. 1884)
* August 8 – Son Ngoc Thanh, 2nd Prime Minister of Cambodia (b. 1908)
* August 13 – Henry Williamson, English naturalist, farmer and prolific ruralist (b. 1895)
* August 16 – Elvis Presley, American actor, musician and singer-songwriter (b. 1935)
* August 17 – Delmer Daves, American screenwriter and director (b. 1904)
* August 19 – Groucho Marx, American actor and comedian (b. 1890)
* August 22 – Sebastian Cabot (actor), Sebastian Cabot, English actor (b. 1918)
* August 23 – Naum Gabo, Russian sculptor (b. 1890)
* August 29 – Jean Hagen, American actress (b. 1923)
September
![Marc Bolan In Concert 1973 (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Marc_Bolan_In_Concert_1973_%28cropped%29.jpg)
* September 1 – Ethel Waters, American singer and actress (b. 1896)
* September 4 – E. F. Schumacher, German statistician and economist (b. 1885)
* September 6 – John Edensor Littlewood, British mathematician (b. 1885)
* September 8 – Zero Mostel, American actor (b. 1915)
*September 10 - Adolph Rupp, American college basketball coach (b. 1901)
* September 12 – Steve Biko, South African anti-apartheid activist (b. 1946)
* September 13 – Leopold Stokowski, English conductor (b. 1882)
* September 16
** Marc Bolan, British singer and guitarist (b. 1947)
** Maria Callas, Greek soprano (b. 1923)
* September 18 – Paul Bernays, Swiss mathematician (b. 1888)
* September 29 – Robert McKimson, American animator and director (b. 1910)
October
![Bing Crosby 1951](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Bing_Crosby_1951.jpg)
* October 3 – Tay Garnett, American film director (b. 1894)
* October 10 – Jean Duvieusart, Belgian politician, 36th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1900)
* October 12 – Dorothy Davenport, American actress (b. 1895)
* October 14 – Bing Crosby, American pop singer and actor (b. 1903)
* October 17 – Michael Balcon, Sir Michael Balcon, English film producer (b. 1896)
* October 20 – Three members of American rock group, Lynyrd Skynyrd, killed in plane crash:
** Ronnie Van Zant, lead singer (b. 1948)
** Cassie Gaines, lead singer (b. 1948)
** Steve Gaines, lead singer and guitarist (b. 1949)
* October 25 – Félix Gouin, French Socialist politician (b. 1884)
* October 27
** James M. Cain, American writer (b. 1892)
** Miguel Mihura, Spanish playwright (b. 1905)
November
![Kurt Schuschnigg 1934](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Kurt_Schuschnigg_1934.jpg)
* November 3 – Florence Vidor, American actress (b. 1895)
* November 4 – Betty Balfour, English screen actress (b. 1902)
* November 5
** René Goscinny, French comic book writer (b. 1926)
** Guy Lombardo, Canadian-American bandleader (b. 1902)
* November 9 – Gertrude Astor, American actress (b. 1887)
* November 10 – Dennis Wheatley, English writer (b. 1897)
* November 14
** A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Indian religious leader (b. 1896)
** Ferdinand Heim, German general, branded the "Battle of Stalingrad, Scapegoat of Stalingrad" (b. 1897)
* November 15 – Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois, Princess Charlotte of Monaco (b. 1898)
* November 18
** Victor Francen, Belgian actor (b. 1888)
** Kurt Schuschnigg, 11th Chancellor of Austria (b. 1897)
* November 21 – Richard Carlson (actor), Richard Carlson, American actor (b. 1912)
* November 30 – Olga Petrova, English-born American actress (b. 1884)
Olga Petrova
/ref>
December
* December 3 – Jack Beresford, British Olympic rower (b. 1899)
* December 5 – Aleksandr Vasilevsky, Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union (b. 1895)
* December 12 – Clementine Churchill, wife of Winston Churchill (b. 1885)
* December 16
** Gustaf Aulén, Bishop of Strängnäs in the Church of Sweden (b. 1879)
** Yngve Larsson, Swedish statesman (b. 1881)
* December 19
** Takeo Kurita, Japanese admiral (b. 1889)
** Nellie Tayloe Ross, American politician (b. 1876)
* December 24 – Juan Velasco Alvarado, 58th President of Peru (b. 1910)
* December 25 – Sir Charlie Chaplin, British actor, producer and director (b. 1889)
* December 26 – Howard Hawks, American film director (b. 1896)
* December 28 – Charlotte Greenwood, American actress (b. 1890)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Philip Warren Anderson, Sir Nevill Francis Mott, John Hasbrouck Van Vleck
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Ilya Prigogine
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Roger Guillemin, Andrew Schally, Rosalyn Yalow
* Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Vicente Aleixandre
* Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Amnesty International
* Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Economics – Bertil Ohlin, James Meade
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:1977
1977,