It was also declared the ''

International Women's Year International Women's Year (IWY) was the name given to 1975 by the United Nations. Since that year March 8 has been celebrated as International Women's Day, and the United Nations Decade for Women, from 1976 to 1985, was also established. Histo ...

'' by the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...

and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe.

Events

January

January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...

Watergate scandal The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration's contin ...

(United States): John N. Mitchell,

H. R. Haldeman Harry Robbins Haldeman (October 27, 1926 – November 12, 1993) was an American political aide and businessman, best known for his service as White House Chief of Staff to President Richard Nixon and his consequent involvement in the Watergate s ...

and

John Ehrlichman John Daniel Ehrlichman (; March 20, 1925 – February 14, 1999) was an American political aide who served as the White House Counsel and Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs under President Richard Nixon. Ehrlichman was an important i ...

are found guilty of the Watergate cover-up. * January 2 ** The

Federal Rules of Evidence First adopted in 1975, the Federal Rules of Evidence codify the evidence law that applies in United States federal courts. In addition, many states in the United States have either adopted the Federal Rules of Evidence, with or without local v ...

are approved by the

United States Congress The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...

. **

Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...

revolutionary leader Siraj Sikder is killed by police while in custody. ** A bomb blast at Samastipur, Bihar, India, fatally wounds

Lalit Narayan Mishra Lalit Narayan Mishra (2 February 1923 – 3 January 1975) was an Indian politician who served as Minister of Railways in the government of India from 1973 to 1975. He was brought into politics by the first Chief Minister of Bihar, Krishna Sinh ...

, Minister of Railways. *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...

–

Tasman Bridge disaster The Tasman Bridge disaster occurred on the evening of 5 January 1975, in Hobart, the capital city of Australia's island state of Tasmania, when the bulk carrier ''Lake Illawarra'', travelling up the Derwent River, collided with several pylon ...

: The

Tasman Bridge The Tasman Bridge is a bridge that carries the Tasman Highway over the Derwent River in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Including approaches, the bridge has a total length of and it provides the main traffic route from the Hobart city centre ( ...

in Hobart,

Tasmania ) , nickname = , image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdi ...

, Australia, is struck by the bulk ore carrier , killing 12 people. * January 7 – OPEC agrees to raise crude oil prices by 10%. * January 10–

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. *1539 – The first recorded race is held ...

– The flight of '' Soyuz 17'' with the crew of Georgy Grechko and Aleksei Gubarev aboard the '' Salyut 4'' space station. * January 15 – Alvor Agreement: Portugal announces that it will grant independence to

Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...

November 11 Events Pre-1600 * 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, ''Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the ...

. *

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrend ...

– The 6.8 Kinnaur earthquake affected

Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh (; ; "Snow-laden Mountain Province") is a state in the northern part of India. Situated in the Western Himalayas, it is one of the thirteen mountain states and is characterized by an extreme landscape featuring several peaks ...

in India with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''), killing 47. * January 20 ** In

Hanoi Hanoi or Ha Noi ( or ; vi, Hà Nội ) is the capital and second-largest city of Vietnam. It covers an area of . It consists of 12 urban districts, one district-leveled town and 17 rural districts. Located within the Red River Delta, Hanoi is ...

North Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...

, the Politburo approves the final military offensive against South Vietnam. ** Work is abandoned on the British end of the Channel Tunnel. *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Cou ...

–

Jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a m ...

pianist A pianist ( , ) is an individual musician who plays the piano. Since most forms of Western music can make use of the piano, pianists have a wide repertoire and a wide variety of styles to choose from, among them traditional classical music, ja ...

Keith Jarrett plays the solo improvisation ''

The Köln Concert ''The Concert'' is a live recording of solo piano improvisations performed by Keith Jarrett at the Opera House in Cologne (german: Köln) on 24 January 1975. The double-vinyl album was released in 1975 by ECM. It became the best-selling solo a ...

'' at the

Cologne Opera The Cologne Opera (German language, German: Oper der Stadt Köln or Oper Köln) refers both to the main opera house in Cologne, Germany and to its resident opera company. History of the company From the mid 18th century, opera was performed in th ...

. The live recording becomes the best-selling piano recording in history.

February

* February 4 – The Haicheng earthquake, the first successfully predicted earthquake, kills 2,041 and injures 27,538 in

Haicheng, Liaoning Haicheng () is a county-level city in central Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, located about southwest of the provincial capital Shenyang. It is under the administration of Anshan City, the seat of which lies to the northeast. ...

, China. * February 5 – The Argentinian president Isabel Perón decrees

Operativo Independencia Operativo Independencia ("Operation Independence") was a 1975 Argentine military operation in Tucumán Province to crush the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP), a Guevarist guerrilla group which tried to create a Vietnam-style war front in the no ...

, aiming to neutralize or annihilate the "subversive elements" in the province of Tucuman. Isabelita takes advantage to take a self-coup and assume extraordinary powers. * February 11 **

Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the first female British prime ...

defeats

Edward Heath Sir Edward Richard George Heath (9 July 191617 July 2005), often known as Ted Heath, was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1965 to 1975. Heath a ...

for the

leadership Leadership, both as a research area and as a practical skill, encompasses the ability of an individual, group or organization to "lead", influence or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations. The word "leadership" often gets vi ...

of the opposition

UK Conservative Party The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories, is one of the two main political parties in the United Kingdom, along with the Labour Party. It is the current governing party, ...

. Thatcher, 49, is Britain's first female leader of any political party. ** Colonel Richard Ratsimandrava, President of

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

, is assassinated. * February 13 – A " Turkish Federated State of North Cyprus" is declared as an unsuccessful first step to international recognition of a Turkish Cypriot separatist state in

Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is ge ...

. *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 *452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. *1440 – The Pru ...

–

: Former

United States Attorney General The United States attorney general (AG) is the head of the United States Department of Justice, and is the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government of the United States. The attorney general serves as the principal advisor to the p ...

John N. Mitchell, and former

White House The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., and has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in ...

aides

and

, are sentenced to between 30 months and 8 years in prison. * February 27 – The 2 June Movement kidnaps West German politician

Peter Lorenz Peter Lorenz (22 December 1922 – 6 December 1987) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). In 1975 Lorenz was a candidate for mayor of West Berlin. He was kidnapped by the 2 June Movement group three days befor ...

. He is released on

March 4 Events Pre-1600 *AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...

after most of the kidnappers' demands are met. * February 28 ** A major tube train crash at Moorgate station, London kills 43 people. ** In

Lomé Lomé is the capital and largest city of Togo. It has an urban population of 837,437

Togo Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (french: République togolaise), is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its c ...

, the European Economic Community and 46 African, Caribbean and Pacific countries sign a financial and economic treaty, known as the first

Lomé Convention The Lomé Convention is a trade and aid agreement between the European Economic Community (EEC) and 71 African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries, first signed in February 1975 in Lomé, Togo. History The first Lomé Convention (Lomé I) ...

. ** The

National Liberation Front of Angola The National Front for the Liberation of Angola ( pt, Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola; abbreviated FNLA) is a political party and former militant organisation that fought for Angolan independence from Portugal in the war of independen ...

(FNLA) approaches the South African Embassy in London and requests 40 to 50 artillery pieces to assist their cause in the

Angolan Civil War The Angolan Civil War ( pt, Guerra Civil Angolana) was a civil war in Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with interludes, until 2002. The war immediately began after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. The war was ...

March

March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...

** Aston Villa win the Football League Cup at

Wembley Wembley () is a large suburbIn British English, "suburb" often refers to the secondary urban centres of a city. Wembley is not a suburb in the American sense, i.e. a single-family residential area outside of the city itself. in north-west Londo ...

, beating

Norwich City Norwich City Football Club (also known as The Canaries or The Yellows) is an English professional football club based in Norwich, Norfolk. The club competes in the EFL Championship following their relegation from the Premier League in the 20 ...

1–0 in the final. ** Australian television switches to full-time colour. *

– A Canadian parliamentary committee is televised for the first time. *

March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. * 845 & ...

** Algiers Accord:

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

and

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and K ...

announce a settlement in their border dispute. ** A bomb explodes in the Paris offices of the Springer Press. The March 6 Group (connected to the

Red Army Faction The Red Army Faction (RAF, ; , ),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (, , active 1970–1998), was a West German far-left Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group founded in 1970. The ...

) demands amnesty for the Baader-Meinhof Group. *

March 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''. *1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León. * 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bou ...

– The

proclaims International Women's Day. *

March 9 Events Pre-1600 * 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. * 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. * 1226 &nda ...

– Construction of the

Trans-Alaska Pipeline System The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) is an oil transportation system spanning Alaska, including the trans-Alaska crude-oil pipeline, 11 pump stations, several hundred miles of feeder pipelines, and the Valdez Marine Terminal. TAPS is one o ...

begins. *

March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a ...

Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...

ese troops attack Ban Mê Thuột, South Vietnam, on their way to capturing Saigon. ** An extended portion of ''

Sanyō Shinkansen , stylized as SANYO, is a Japanese electronics company and formerly a member of the ''Fortune'' Global 500 whose headquarters was located in Moriguchi, Osaka prefecture, Japan. Sanyo had over 230 subsidiaries and affiliates, and was founded by ...

'' between

Okayama Station is a railway station in Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. The station is operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). Lines Okayama Station is one of the major intersections of railways in the Chūgoku region. All trains conn ...

and

Hakata Station is a major railway station in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. It is the largest and busiest railway terminal in Kyushu, and is a gateway to other cities in Kyushu for travelers coming from Honshu by rail travel. The San'yō Shinkansen from Osaka end ...

opens, thus making Shinkansen reach the second island, Kyushu, Japan. *

March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander. * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the ven ...

– The leftist military government in Portugal defeats a rightist coup attempt in head of the former president

António de Spínola António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spínola (generally referred to as António de Spínola, ;This surname, however, was not accompanied by the grammatical nobiliary particle "de". 11 April 1910 – 13 August 1996) was a Portuguese military o ...

. *

March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...

–

: South Vietnam President

Nguyễn Văn Thiệu Nguyễn Văn Thiệu (; 5 April 1923 – 29 September 2001) was a South Vietnamese military officer and politician who was the president of South Vietnam from 1967 to 1975. He was a general in the Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (RVNAF), becam ...

orders the Central Highlands evacuated. This turns into a mass exodus involving troops and civilians (the ''Convoy of Tears''). *

March 15 Events Pre-1600 *474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place. * 493 – Odo ...

– In Brazil,

Guanabara State The State of Guanabara ( pt, Estado da Guanabara, ) was a state within the Fourth Brazilian Republic from 1960 to 1964, and the Federative Republic of Brazil from 1964 to 1975. It included the city of Rio de Janeiro. The state was established in ...

merges into the

state of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro () is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil. It has the second largest economy of Brazil, with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo. The state, which has 8.2% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for 9.2% of ...

. The state's capital moves from the city of Niterói to the city of

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...

. *

March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthelr ...

– ''Ding-a-dong'' by Teach-In (music by Dick Bakker, text by Will Luikinga and Eddy Ouwens) wins the 20th

Eurovision Song Contest 1975 The Eurovision Song Contest 1975 was the 20th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Stockholm, Sweden, following the country's victory at the with the song " Waterloo" by ABBA. Organised by the European Broadcasting Un ...

for the Netherlands. * March 25 – King

Faisal of Saudi Arabia Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud ( ar, فيصل بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود ''Fayṣal ibn ʿAbd al ʿAzīz Āl Suʿūd'', Najdi Arabic pronunciation: ; 14 April 1906 – 25 March 1975) was a Saudi Arabian statesman and diplomat who was ...

is shot and killed by his nephew. *

March 27 Events Pre-1600 *1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. * 1329 – Pope John XXII ...

– The South African government announces that it will consolidate the 113 separate

homeland A homeland is a place where a cultural, national, or racial identity has formed. The definition can also mean simply one's country of birth. When used as a proper noun, the Homeland, as well as its equivalents in other languages, often has ethn ...

areas into 36. *

March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...

– A fire in the maternity wing at Kučić Hospital in Rijeka,

Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...

(now

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

), kills 25 people. * March 31 – Süleyman Demirel of AP forms the new government of

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...

(39th government), a four-party coalition, so-called First National Front ( tr, Milliyetçi cephe, links=no)).

April

* April 4 **

: The first military Operation Babylift flight, C5A 80218, crashes 27 minutes after takeoff, killing 138 on board; 176 survive the crash. **

Bill Gates William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate and philanthropist. He is a co-founder of Microsoft, along with his late childhood friend Paul Allen. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions ...

and

Paul Allen Paul Gardner Allen (January 21, 1953 – October 15, 2018) was an American business magnate, computer programmer, researcher, investor, and philanthropist. He co-founded Microsoft Corporation with childhood friend Bill Gates in 1975, which ...

found

Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation producing computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at the Microsoft Redmond campus located in Redmond, Washin ...

in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Paul Allen and Bill Gates at Lakeside School in 1970

* April 5 – The Soviet manned space mission (''

Soyuz 18a Soyuz 7K-T No.39, (also named Soyuz 18a or Soyuz 18-1 by some sources and also known as the April 5 Anomaly) was an unsuccessful launch of a crewed Soyuz spacecraft by the Soviet Union in 1975. The mission was expected to dock with the orbiting ...

'') ends in failure during its ascent into

orbit In celestial mechanics, an orbit is the curved trajectory of an object such as the trajectory of a planet around a star, or of a natural satellite around a planet, or of an artificial satellite around an object or position in space such as ...

when a critical malfunction occurs in the second and third stages of the

booster rocket A booster rocket (or engine) is either the first stage of a multistage launch vehicle, or else a shorter-burning rocket used in parallel with longer-burning sustainer rockets to augment the space vehicle's takeoff thrust and payload capabil ...

during staging at an altitude of 192 km, resulting in the cosmonauts and their Soyuz spacecraft having to be ripped free from the vehicle. Both cosmonauts ( Vasily Lazarev and Oleg Makarov) survive. *

April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, su ...

** Asia's first professional

basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately in diameter) through the defender's h ...

league, the

Philippine Basketball Association The Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) is a men's professional basketball league in the Philippines composed of twelve company-branded franchised teams. Founded in 1975, it is the first professional basketball league in Asia and is the se ...

, plays its first game at the

Araneta Coliseum The Araneta Coliseum, also currently known by naming rights sponsorship as Smart Araneta Coliseum, is an indoor multi-purpose sports arena that is part of the Araneta City in the Cubao area of Quezon City, Philippines. Nicknamed as "the Big Do ...

. ** Eight people in South Korea, who are involved in the

People's Revolutionary Party Incident The People's Revolutionary Party Incidents were legal cases in which the South Korean government accused individuals of socialist inclinations according to the Anti-communism Law in 1965 (the First Incident) and National Security Law in 1975 (t ...

, are hanged. 18thARVNsoldiersatxuanloc by Dirck Halstead

* April 13 **

Bus massacre The 1975 Beirut bus massacre ( ar, مجزرة بوسطة عين الرمانة ,مجزرة عين الرمانة), also known as the Ain el-Rammaneh incident and the "Black Sunday", was the collective name given to a short series of armed clashes ...

: The

Kataeb The Kataeb Party ( ar, حزب الكتائب اللبنانية '), also known in English as the Phalanges, is a Christian political party in Lebanon. The party played a major role in the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990). In decline in the lat ...

militia kills 27 Palestinians during an attack on their bus in Ain El Remmeneh,

Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to Lebanon–Syria border, the north and east and Israel to Blue ...

, triggering the

Lebanese Civil War The Lebanese Civil War ( ar, الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية, translit=Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990. It resulted in an estimated 120,000 fatalities a ...

which lasts until

1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...

. ** A coup d'état in Chad led by the military overthrows and kills President

François Tombalbaye François Tombalbaye ( ar, فرنسوا تومبالباي '; 15 June 1918 – 13 April 1975), also known as N'Garta Tombalbaye, was a Chadian politician who served as the first President of Chad from the country's independence in 1960 until ...

. * April 17 – The Khmer Republic surrenders, when the Communist Khmer Rouge guerilla forces capture Phnom Penh ending the

Cambodian Civil War The Cambodian Civil War ( km, សង្គ្រាមស៊ីវិលកម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ) was a civil war in Cambodia fought between the forces of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (known as the Khmer Rouge, supported by North Vi ...

, with mass evacuation of American troops and Cambodian civilians. *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Coria (Corbridge), Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald of Northumbria, Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 d ...

– The Khmer Rouge begins a forcible mass evacuation of the city and starts the

genocide Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people—usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group—in whole or in part. Raphael Lemkin coined the term in 1944, combining the Greek word (, "race, people") with the Lat ...

. *

April 19 Events Pre-1600 * AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persi ...

–

Nico Diederichs Nicolaas Johannes "Nico" Diederichs (17 November 1903, Ladybrand – 21 August 1978) served as the third state president of South Africa from 1975 to 1978. Education and career After completing school, he attended Grey University College betwee ...

becomes the 3rd State President of South Africa.Archontology.org: A Guide for Study of Historical Offices: South Africa: Heads of State: 1961–1994
(Accessed on April 14, 2017) *

April 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. 1601–1900 *1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament. *1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys ...

–

Taman Mini Indonesia Indah Taman Mini "Indonesia Indah" (literally ''"Beautiful Indonesia" Mini Park''—the apostrophes are in the name—abbreviated as TMII) is a culture-based recreational area located in East Jakarta, Indonesia. Since July 2021, it is operated by the G ...

opens to the public in Jakarta,

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

. *

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). *1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...

– Six

terrorists take over the West German embassy in Stockholm, take 11 hostages and demand the release of the group's jailed members; shortly after, they are captured by Swedish police (See

West German Embassy siege The West German Embassy siege in Stockholm, Sweden, was a hostage standoff initiated by the Red Army Faction (RAF) on 24 April 1975. Collectively, the attackers referred to themselves as Kommando Holger Meins, after Holger Meins, an RAF member w ...

). *

April 25 Events Pre-1600 *404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...

–

: As

North Vietnamese Army The People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN; vi, Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam, QĐNDVN), also recognized as the Vietnam People's Army (VPA) or the Vietnamese Army (), is the military force of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the armed win ...

forces close in on the South Vietnamese capital Saigon, the Australian Embassy is closed and evacuated, almost 10 years to the day since the first Australian troop commitment to South Vietnam. *

April 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. * 1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and b ...

–

: North Vietnam concludes its East Sea Campaign by capturing all of the

Spratly Islands The Spratly Islands ( fil, Kapuluan ng Kalayaan; zh, c=南沙群島/南沙群岛, s=, t=, p=Nánshā Qúndǎo; Malay, id, Kepulauan Spratly; vi, Quần đảo Trường Sa) are a disputed archipelago in the South China Sea. Composed ...

that were being held by South Vietnam. *

April 30 Events Pre-1600 *311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends. *1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois. *1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus hi ...

– The

ends with the

Fall of Saigon The Fall of Saigon, also known as the Liberation of Saigon by North Vietnamese or Liberation of the South by the Vietnamese government, and known as Black April by anti-communist overseas Vietnamese was the capture of Ho Chi Minh City, Saigon, t ...

: The Vietnam War concludes as Communist forces from

take Saigon, resulting in mass evacuation of the remaining American troops and South Vietnam civilians. As the capital is taken, South Vietnam surrenders unconditionally and is replaced with a temporary

Provisional Government A provisional government, also called an interim government, an emergency government, or a transitional government, is an emergency governmental authority set up to manage a political transition generally in the cases of a newly formed state or ...

May

May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. *1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...

– The Khmer Rouge raids several Vietnamese towns, which eventually leads to the

Cambodian–Vietnamese War The Cambodian–Vietnamese War ( km, សង្គ្រាមកម្ពុជា-វៀតណាម, vi, Chiến tranh Campuchia–Việt Nam), known in Vietnam as the Counter-offensive on the Southwestern border ( vi, Chiến dịch Phản ...

. *

May 3 Events Pre-1600 * 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne. * 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties. ...

–

West Ham United West Ham United Football Club is an English professional football club that plays its home matches in Stratford, East London. The club competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. The club plays at the London Stadium, hav ...

wins the

FA Cup The Football Association Challenge Cup, more commonly known as the FA Cup, is an annual knockout football competition in men's domestic English football. First played during the 1871–72 season, it is the oldest national football competi ...

at Wembley, beating Fulham 2–0 in the final. Both goals are scored by Alan Taylor. West Ham legend Bobby Moore, appears for Fulham. *

May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...

– The South African government announces that it will provide all Black children with free and compulsory education. *

May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...

–

Mayaguez incident The ''Mayaguez'' incident took place between Kampuchea (now Cambodia) and the United States from 12 to 15 May 1975, less than a month after the Khmer Rouge took control of the capital Phnom Penh ousting the U.S.-backed Khmer Republic. After th ...

: The American merchant ship ''Mayaguez'', seized by Cambodian forces, is rescued by the U.S. Navy and Marines; 38 Americans are killed. * May 16 **

Sikkim Sikkim (; ) is a state in Northeastern India. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north and northeast, Bhutan in the east, Province No. 1 of Nepal in the west and West Bengal in the south. Sikkim is also close to the Silig ...

accedes to India after a referendum and abolishes the Chogyal, its monarchy. ** Junko Tabei from Japan becomes the first woman to reach the summit of

Mount Everest Mount Everest (; Tibetic languages, Tibetan: ''Chomolungma'' ; ) is List of highest mountains on Earth, Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border ru ...

. *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. *240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...

–

Bobby Unser Robert William Unser (February 20, 1934 – May 2, 2021) was an American automobile racer. At his induction into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1994, he had the fourth most IndyCar Series wins at 35 (behind his brother Al, A. J. F ...

wins the

Indianapolis 500 The Indianapolis 500, formally known as the Indianapolis 500-Mile Race, and commonly called the Indy 500, is an annual automobile race held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS) in Speedway, Indiana, United States, an enclave suburb of Indi ...

for a second time in a rain-shorted 174 lap, race. * May 27 – The Dibbles Bridge coach crash near Grassington,

North Yorkshire North Yorkshire is the largest ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county (lieutenancy area) in England, covering an area of . Around 40% of the county is covered by National parks of the United Kingdom, national parks, including most of ...

, UK, results in 32 deaths (the highest ever toll in a United Kingdom road accident). *

May 28 Events Pre-1600 *585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from ...

– Fifteen West African countries sign the

Treaty of Lagos The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was created by the Treaty of Lagos on May 28, 1975, in Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria. ECOWAS was established to promote cooperation and integration in order to create an economic and monetary uni ...

, creating the

Economic Community of West African States The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS; also known as in French and Portuguese) is a regional political and economic union of fifteen countries located in West Africa. Collectively, these countries comprise an area of , and in ...

June

* June 5 ** The Suez Canal opens for the first time since the

Six-Day War The Six-Day War (, ; ar, النكسة, , or ) or June War, also known as the 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states (primarily Egypt, Syria, and Jordan) from 5 to 10 Ju ...

. * June 6 – The Georgetown Agreement, formally creating the ACP Group, is signed. *

June 7 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire). * 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state. * 1002 – Henr ...

- June 21 – The first ever Cricket World Cup, 1975 Cricket World Cup is held in England with West Indies defeating Australia in the final. *

June 9 Events Pre-1600 *411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy. * 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. * 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending th ...

– The

Order of Australia The Order of Australia is an honour that recognises Australian citizens and other persons for outstanding achievement and service. It was established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, on the advice of the Australian Gov ...

is awarded for the first time. *

June 11 Events Pre-1600 * 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...

– After a referendum and seven years of military rule, modern day

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders ...

is established as the Hellenic Republic. *

June 25 Events Pre-1600 * 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce. * 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...

** Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares a state of emergency in India, suspending civil liberties and elections. **

Mozambique Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi ...

gains

independence Independence is a condition of a person, nation, country, or state in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the statu ...

from Portugal.

July

* July 1 – The

Postmaster-General's Department The Postmaster-General's Department (PMG) was a department of the Australian federal government, established at Federation in 1901, whose responsibilities included the provision of postal and telegraphic services throughout Australia. It was ...

is disaggregated into the Australian Telecommunications Commission (trading as

Telecom Australia Telstra Group Limited is an Australian telecommunications company that builds and operates telecommunications networks and markets voice, mobile, internet access, pay television and other products and services. It is a member of the S&P/ASX 20 ...

) and the Australian Postal Commission (trading as Australia Post). *

July 4 Events Pre-1600 *362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans. * 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaime ...

** Zion Square refrigerator bombing. A terrorist attack in downtown

Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...

kills 15 civilians and wounds 77. ** Sydney newspaper publisher Juanita Nielsen disappears, and is presumed to have been murdered. *

July 5 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus ( Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman architect Theophilus Patricius. * 1316 – The Burgundian a ...

– Cape Verde gains independence after 500 years of Portuguese rule. *

July 6 Events Pre-1600 * 371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility. * 640 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt ...

– The Comoros declares and is granted its independence from France. * July 9 – The National Assembly of

Senegal Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 ...

passes a law that will pave way for a

multi-party system In political science, a multi-party system is a political system in which multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national elections, and all have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in ...

(albeit highly restricted). * July 12 – São Tomé and Príncipe declare independence from Portugal. *

July 17 Events Pre-1600 * 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. *1048 – Damasu ...

–

Apollo–Soyuz Test Project Apollo–Soyuz was the first crewed international space mission, carried out jointly by the United States and the Soviet Union in July 1975. Millions of people around the world watched on television as a United States Apollo spacecraft docked ...

: A manned American

Apollo spacecraft The Apollo spacecraft was composed of three parts designed to accomplish the American Apollo program's goal of landing astronauts on the Moon by the end of the 1960s and returning them safely to Earth. The expendable (single-use) spacecraft ...

and the manned Soviet Soyuz spacecraft for the ''

Soyuz 19 Soyuz is a transliteration of the Cyrillic text Союз ( Russian and Ukrainian, 'Union'). It can refer to any union, such as a trade union (''profsoyuz'') or the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Сою́з Сове́тских Социалис ...

'' mission dock in

, marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the 2 nations.

August

* The first Cuban forces arrive in Angola to join Soviet personnel who are there to assist the

MPLA The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( pt, Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola, abbr. MPLA), for some years called the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola – Labour Party (), is an Angolan left-wing, social dem ...

that controls less than a quarter of Angolan territory. In response, the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...

Zaire Zaire (, ), officially the Republic of Zaire (french: République du Zaïre, link=no, ), was a Congolese state from 1971 to 1997 in Central Africa that was previously and is now again known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire was, ...

and

Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most central point. Its neighbours are t ...

request South Africa to provide training and support for the

FNLA The National Front for the Liberation of Angola ( pt, Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola; abbreviated FNLA) is a political party and former militant organisation that fought for Angolan independence from Portugal in the war of independen ...

and

UNITA The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( pt, União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola, abbr. UNITA) is the second-largest political party in Angola. Founded in 1966, UNITA fought alongside the Popular Movement for ...

forces. *

August 1 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. *AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under ...

– The

Helsinki Accords The Helsinki Final Act, also known as Helsinki Accords or Helsinki Declaration was the document signed at the closing meeting of the third phase of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) held in Helsinki, Finland, between ...

, which officially recognize Europe's national borders and respect for human rights, are signed in Finland. *

August 8 Events Pre-1600 * 685 BC – Spring and Autumn period: Battle of Qianshi: Upon the death of the previous Duke of Qi, Gongsun Wuzhi, Duke Zhuang of Lu sends an army into the Duchy of Qi to install the exiled Qi prince Gongzi Jiu as the ...

– The

Banqiao Dam The Banqiao Reservoir Dam () is a dam on the River Ru (), a tributary of the Hong River in Zhumadian City, Henan province, China. The Banqiao dam and Shimantan Reservoir Dam () are among 62 dams in Zhumadian that failed catastrophically in 1975 ...

, in China's

Henan Province Henan (; or ; ; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of China, in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou (), which literally means "central plain" or "midland", although the name is al ...

, fails after Typhoon Nina; over 200,000 people perish. * August 11 – Governor

Mário Lemos Pires Mário Lemos Pires (30 June 1930 – 22 May 2009) was a major-general of the Portuguese Army and the last colonial governor of Portuguese Timor. Biography Born in Lamego, Portugal in 1930, Lemos Pires moved to Lisbon at age 18 to commence his s ...

of Portuguese East Timor abandons the capital Dili, following a UDT coup and the outbreak of civil war between UDT and

Fretilin The Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor ( pt, Frente Revolucionária de Timor-Leste Independente, abbreviated as Fretilin) is a centre-left political party in East Timor. They presently hold 23 of 65 seats in the National Parliam ...

. *

August 15 Events Pre-1600 * 636 – Arab–Byzantine wars: The Battle of Yarmouk between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate begins. * 717 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik begins the Second Arab Siege of Const ...

** Founder President

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ( bn, শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান; 17 March 1920 – 15 August 1975), often shortened as Sheikh Mujib or Mujib and widely known as Bangabandhu (meaning ''Friend of Bengal''), was a Bengali politi ...

is killed during a coup led by Major Syed Faruque Rahman. ** Some members of Jehovah's Witnesses believe that

Armageddon According to the Book of Revelation in the New Testament of the Christian Bible, Armageddon (, from grc, Ἁρμαγεδών ''Harmagedōn'', Late Latin: , from Hebrew: ''Har Məgīddō'') is the prophesied location of a gathering of armies ...

will occur this year based on the group's chronology and some sell their houses and businesses to prepare for the new world paradise which they believe will be created when

Jesus Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label= Hebrew/ Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religiou ...

establishes God's Kingdom on Earth. *

August 20 Events Pre-1600 * AD 14 – Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is mysteriously executed by his guards while in exile. * 636 – Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take con ...

–

Viking program The ''Viking'' program consisted of a pair of identical American space probes, ''Viking 1'' and ''Viking 2'', which landed on Mars in 1976. Each spacecraft was composed of two main parts: an orbiter designed to photograph the surface of Mars f ...

NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil List of government space agencies, space program ...

launches the ''

Viking 1 ''Viking 1'' was the first of two spacecraft, along with '' Viking 2'', each consisting of an orbiter and a lander, sent to Mars as part of NASA's Viking program. The lander touched down on Mars on July 20, 1976, the first successful Mars la ...

'' planetary probe toward

Mars Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, only being larger than Mercury. In the English language, Mars is named for the Roman god of war. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin at ...

. *

August 24 Events Pre-1600 * 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father. * 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is written. ...

– Officers responsible for the military coup in Greece in 1967 are sentenced to death in

Athens Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...

. The sentences are later commuted to life imprisonment. *

August 25 Events Pre-1600 * 19 – The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to ...

– The Victoria Falls Conference between Rhodesian Prime Minister

Ian Smith Ian Douglas Smith (8 April 1919 – 20 November 2007) was a Rhodesian politician, farmer, and fighter pilot who served as Prime Minister of Rhodesia (known as Southern Rhodesia until October 1964 and now known as Zimbabwe) from 1964 to 1 ...

and the

United African National Council The United African National Council (UANC) is a political party in Zimbabwe. It was briefly the ruling party during 1979–1980, when its leader Abel Muzorewa was Prime Minister. History The party was founded by Muzorewa in 1971.< ...

is held in a

South African Railways Transnet Freight Rail is a South African rail transport company, formerly known as Spoornet. It was part of the South African Railways and Harbours Administration, a state-controlled organisation that employed hundreds of thousands of people ...

coach on the Victoria Falls Bridge, officiated by

n President

Kenneth Kaunda Kenneth David Kaunda (28 April 1924 – 17 June 2021), also known as KK, was a Zambian politician who served as the first President of Zambia from 1964 to 1991. He was at the forefront of the struggle for independence from British rule. Diss ...

and South African Prime Minister

John Vorster Balthazar Johannes "B. J." Vorster (; also known as John Vorster; 13 December 1915 – 10 September 1983) was a South African apartheid politician who served as the prime minister of South Africa from 1966 to 1978 and the fourth state presiden ...

September

* September–October – In New Zealand, Māori leader

Whina Cooper Dame Whina Cooper (9 December 1895 – 26 March 1994) was a respected (Māori elder), who worked for many years for the rights of her people, and particularly to improve the lot of Māori women. She is remembered for leading the 1975 Māori l ...

leads a march of 5,000 people, in support of Maori claims to their land. *

September 5 Events Pre-1600 * 917 – Liu Yan declares himself emperor, establishing the Southern Han state in southern China, at his capital of Panyu. *1367 – Swa Saw Ke becomes king of Ava *1590 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Henry ...

** In

Sacramento, California ) , image_map = Sacramento County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Sacramento Highlighted.svg , mapsize = 250x200px , map_caption = Location within Sacramento ...

Lynette Fromme Lynette Alice "Squeaky" Fromme (born October 22, 1948) is an American criminal who was a member of the Manson family, a cult led by Charles Manson. Though not involved in the Tate–LaBianca murders for which the Manson family is best known, sh ...

attempts to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford, but is thwarted by a

Secret Service A secret service is a government agency, intelligence agency, or the activities of a government agency, concerned with the gathering of intelligence data. The tasks and powers of a secret service can vary greatly from one country to another. For ...

agent. ** The London Hilton Hotel is bombed by the

Provisional Irish Republican Army The Irish Republican Army (IRA; ), also known as the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and informally as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reu ...

; two people are killed and 63 injured. *

September 6 Events Pre-1600 * 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: Roman emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills Eugenius the usurper. His Frankish ''magister militum'' Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later. *1492 – Christopher Colu ...

– An earthquake of magnitude kills at least 2,085 in

Diyarbakır Diyarbakır (; ; ; ) is the largest Kurdish-majority city in Turkey. It is the administrative center of Diyarbakır Province. Situated around a high plateau by the banks of the Tigris river on which stands the historic Diyarbakır Fortress, ...

and Lice, Turkey. *

September 14 Events Pre-1600 *AD 81 – Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. * 629 – Emperor Heraclius enters Constantinople in triumph after his victory over the Persian Empire. * 786 – "Night ...

– Rembrandt's painting ''

The Night Watch ''Militia Company of District II under the Command of Captain Frans Banninck Cocq'', also known as ''The Shooting Company of Frans Banning Cocq and Willem van Ruytenburch'', but commonly referred to as ''The Night Watch'' ( nl, De Nachtwacht), i ...

'' is slashed a dozen times at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. * September 15 – The French department of "''Corse''", comprising the entire island of Corsica, is divided into two departments:

Haute-Corse Haute-Corse (; co, Corsica suprana , or ; en, Upper Corsica) is (as of 2022) an administrative department of France, consisting of the northern part of the island of Corsica. The corresponding departmental territorial collectivity merged w ...

(Upper Corsica) and

Corse-du-Sud Corse-du-Sud (; co, link=no, Corsica suttana , or ; en, Southern Corsica) is (as of 2019) an administrative department of France, consisting of the southern part of the island of Corsica. The corresponding departmental territorial collect ...

(Southern Corsica). Flag of Papua New Guinea

* September 16 **

Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ...

gains its independence from Australia. ** Cape Verde,

and São Tomé and Príncipe join the

. *

September 19 Events Pre-1600 * 85 – Nerva, suspected of complicity of the death of Domitian, is declared emperor by Senate. The Senate then annuls laws passed by Domitian and orders his statues to be destroyed. * 634 – Siege of Damascus: Th ...

– General Vasco Gonçalves is ousted as Prime Minister of Portugal. *

September 20 Events Pre-1600 *1058 – Agnes of Poitou and Andrew I of Hungary meet to negotiate about the border territory of Burgenland. *1066 – At the Battle of Fulford, Harald Hardrada defeats earls Morcar and Edwin. *1187 – Saladin b ...

– The term of Tuanku Al-Mutassimu Billahi Muhibbudin Sultan Abdul Halim Al-Muadzam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah, as the 5th

Yang di-Pertuan Agong The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (, Jawi: ), also known as the Supreme Head of the Federation, the Paramount Ruler or simply as the Agong, and unofficially as the King of Malaysia, is the constitutional monarch and head of state of Malaysia. The o ...

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

, ends. *

September 21 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power. * 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders. * 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...

–

Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Petra Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim ( Jawi: ; 10 December 1917 – 29 March 1979) was the sixth Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) of Malaysia from 21 September 1975 to his death, and the 27th Sultan of Kelantan (1960–1979). Early life ...

Kelantan Kelantan (; Jawi: ; Kelantanese Malay: ''Klate'') is a state in Malaysia. The capital is Kota Bharu and royal seat is Kubang Kerian. The honorific name of the state is ''Darul Naim'' (Jawi: ; "The Blissful Abode"). Kelantan is located in th ...

, becomes the 6th

. *

September 27 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme river, beginning the Norman conquest of England. * 1331 – The Battle of Płowce is fought, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teuton ...

–

Francoist Spain Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spai ...

executes five ETA and FRAP members, the last executions in Spain to date. * September 30 – The Hughes Helicopters (later

McDonnell-Douglas McDonnell Douglas was a major American aerospace manufacturing corporation and defense contractor, formed by the merger of McDonnell Aircraft and the Douglas Aircraft Company in 1967. Between then and its own merger with Boeing in 1997, it pr ...

, now Boeing IDS)

AH-64 Apache The Boeing AH-64 Apache () is an American twin- turboshaft attack helicopter with a tailwheel-type landing gear arrangement and a tandem cockpit for a crew of two. It features a nose-mounted sensor suite for target acquisition and night v ...

makes its first flight.

October

October 1 Events Pre-1600 * 331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. * 366 – Pope Damasus I is consecrated. * 959 – Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadw ...

– '' Thrilla in Manila'': Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines. * October 14 ** The South African Defence Force invades Angola during

Operation Savannah Operation Savanna (or Operation Savannah) was the first insertion of SOE trained Free French paratroops into German-occupied France during World War II. This SOE mission, requested by the Air Ministry, was to ambush and kill as many pilots as ...

in support of the

and

prior to the Angolan elections scheduled for November 11.Malan, Magnus (2006). ''My lewe saam met die SA Weermag'' (1st ed.). Pretoria: Protea Boekhuis. p. 121. . ** An

RAF The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and ...

Avro Vulcan The Avro Vulcan (later Hawker Siddeley Vulcan from July 1963) is a jet-powered, tailless, delta-wing, high-altitude, strategic bomber, which was operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF) from 1956 until 1984. Aircraft manufacturer A.V. Roe an ...

bomber explodes and crashes over

Żabbar Żabbar ( mt, Ħaż-Żabbar, ), also known as Città Hompesch, is a city in the South Eastern Region of Malta. It is the sixth largest city in the country, with a population of 15,404 as of March 2014. Originally a part of Żejtun, Żabbar was gr ...

Malta Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...

after an aborted landing, killing five crew members and one person on the ground. *

October 16 Events Pre-1600 * 456 – Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire. * 690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire. * ...

** The "

Balibo Five The Balibo Five was a group of journalists for Australian commercial television networks who were murdered in the period leading up to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor. The Balibo Five were based in the town of Balibo in East Timor (then ...

" Australian television journalists are killed at

Balibo Balibo is a town in East Timor situated approximately from the Indonesian border. It is located in the subdistrict of Balibo, Bobonaro District. It was estimated by Human Rights Watch that 70 per cent of the town was destroyed during t ...

by Indonesian Army special forces in the buildup to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor. ** The last naturally occurring case of

smallpox Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus) which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) c ...

is diagnosed and treated, the victim being two-year-old

Rahima Banu Rahima Banu Begum ( bn, রহিমা বানু বেগম; born 16 October 1972) is the last known person to have been infected with naturally occurring ''Variola major'' smallpox, the more deadly variety of the disease. Biography ...

.Image caption of U.S.

Centers for Disease Control The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health agency of the United States. It is a United States federal agency, under the Department of Health and Human Services, and is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgi ...

br>Public Health Image LibraryC image number 7762
*

October 30 Events Pre-1600 * 637 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Antioch surrenders to the Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of the Iron Bridge. * 758 – Guangzhou is sacked by Arab and Persian pirates. *1137 – Ranulf of Apulia defeats Ro ...

Juan Carlos I of Spain Juan Carlos I (;, * ca, Joan Carles I, * gl, Xoán Carlos I, Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias, born 5 January 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who reigned as King of Spain from 22 Novem ...

becomes acting

head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...

after General Francisco Franco concedes that he is too ill to govern. His death on November 20 effectively marks the end of the dictatorship established following the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, link ...

and the beginning of Spain's

transition to democracy Democratization, or democratisation, is the transition to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction. It may be a hybrid regime in transition from an authoritarian regime to a full ...

. *

October 31 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Romulus Augustulus is proclaimed Western Roman Emperor. * 683 – During the Siege of Mecca, the Kaaba catches fire and is burned down. * 802 – Empress Irene is deposed and banished to Lesbos. Co ...

** The

Racial Discrimination Act 1975 The ''Racial Discrimination Act 1975'' (Cth). is an Act of the Australian Parliament, which was enacted on 11 June 1975 and passed by the Whitlam government. The Act makes racial discrimination in certain contexts unlawful in Australia, and al ...

takes effect in Australia. ** Tun Mustapha resigned as

Chief Minister of Sabah The Ketua Menteri Sabah or Chief Minister of Sabah is the head of government of the Malaysian state of Sabah. Since September 2020, the position has been held by Hajiji Noor from the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), Perikatan Na ...

, a state in

, bringing to an end speculation that he would attempt to lead secession for Sabah to become an independent nation.

November

November 6 Events Pre-1600 * 447 – A powerful earthquake destroys large portions of the Walls of Constantinople, including 57 towers. * 963 – Synod of Rome: Emperor Otto I calls a council at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Pope John XII is ...

– The

Green March The Green March was a strategic mass demonstration in November 1975, coordinated by the Moroccan government, to force Spain to hand over the disputed, autonomous semi-metropolitan province of Spanish Sahara to Morocco. At that time, the Span ...

begins: 300,000 unarmed

Moroccans Moroccans (, ) are the citizens and nationals of the Kingdom of Morocco. The country's population is predominantly composed of Arabs and Berbers (Amazigh). The term also applies more broadly to any people who are of Moroccan nationality, s ...

converge on the southern city of Tarfaya and wait for a signal from King Hassan II of Morocco to cross into

Western Sahara Western Sahara ( '; ; ) is a disputed territory on the northwest coast and in the Maghreb region of North and West Africa. About 20% of the territory is controlled by the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), while the ...

. *

November 7 Events Pre-1600 * 335 – Athanasius is banished to Trier, on the charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople. * 680 – The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople. * 921 – Treaty of Bon ...

– A vapor cloud explosion at a petroleum cracking facility in Geleen, Netherlands, leaves 14 dead and 109 injured, with fires lasting for five days. *

November 10 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Emperor Leo II dies after a reign of ten months. He is succeeded by his father Zeno, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. * 937 – Ten Kingdoms: Li Bian usurps the throne and deposes Emperor Yang ...

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379, adopted on 10 November 1975 by a vote of 72 to 35 (with 32 abstentions), "determine that Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination". It was revoked in 1991 with UN General Assembly R ...

: By a vote of 72–35 (with 32 abstentions), the

General Assembly approves a resolution equating

Zionism Zionism ( he, צִיּוֹנוּת ''Tsiyyonut'' after '' Zion'') is a nationalist movement that espouses the establishment of, and support for a homeland for the Jewish people centered in the area roughly corresponding to what is known in Je ...

with

racism Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another. It may also mean prejudice, discrimination, or antagonis ...

. The resolution provokes an outcry among Jews around the world. It is repealed in

1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phi ...

. ** The -long freighter sinks during a storm from the entrance to

Whitefish Bay Whitefish Bay is a large bay on the eastern end of Lake Superior between Michigan, United States, and Ontario, Canada. It is located between Whitefish Point in Michigan and Whiskey Point along the more rugged, largely wilderness Canadian Shield o ...

Lake Superior Lake Superior in central North America is the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface areaThe Caspian Sea is the largest lake, but is saline, not freshwater. and the third-largest by volume, holding 10% of the world's surface fresh wa ...

, killing all 29 crew members on board (an event immortalized in song by

Gordon Lightfoot Gordon Meredith Lightfoot Jr. (born November 17, 1938) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist who achieved international success in folk, folk-rock, and country music. He is credited with helping to define the folk-pop sound of the 1960 ...

). ** Lev Leshchenko revives ''

Den Pobedy "Den' Pobedy" (russian: День Победы, en, Victory Day) ranks among the most popular in the large corpus of Russian songs devoted to the Second World War. The song refers to the Victory Day (9 May) celebration and differs from most of ...

'', one of the most popular World War II songs in the

USSR The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...

. *

Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...

becomes independent from Portugal and

civil war A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...

erupts.

Australian constitutional crisis of 1975 The 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, also known simply as the Dismissal, culminated on 11 November 1975 with the dismissal from office of the prime minister, Gough Whitlam of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), by Governor-General Sir ...

: Governor-General of Australia Sir John Kerr controversially dismisses the Whitlam Labor Government and commissions

Malcolm Fraser John Malcolm Fraser (; 21 May 1930 – 20 March 2015) was an Australian politician who served as the 22nd prime minister of Australia from 1975 to 1983, holding office as the leader of the Liberal Party of Australia. Fraser was raised on hi ...

of the

Liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * a supporter of liberalism ** Liberalism by country * an adherent of a Liberal Party * Liberalism (international relations) * Sexually liberal feminism * Social liberalism Arts, entertainment and m ...

/ National Country Coalition as caretaker

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...

. ** The first annual

Vogalonga Vogalonga is a rowing regatta in the Italian city of Venice. On November 11, 1974 a group of Venetians, both amateur and professional rowers, had a race in the island of Burano. They came up with an idea of non-competitive "race" in which any kind ...

rowing "race" is held in

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The isla ...

, Italy. * November 12 – The Comoros joins the United Nations. *

November 14 Events Pre-1600 1601–1900 *1680 – German astronomer Gottfried Kirch discovers the Great Comet of 1680, the first comet to be discovered by telescope. *1770 – James Bruce discovers what he believes to be the source of the Nile. ...

–

Madrid Accords The Madrid Accords, formally the Declaration of Principles on Western Sahara, was a treaty between Spain, Morocco, and Mauritania setting out six principles which would end the Spanish presence in the territory of Spanish Sahara and arrange a t ...

: Spain agrees to hand over power of the

Spanish Sahara Spanish Sahara ( es, Sahara Español; ar, الصحراء الإسبانية, As-Sahrā'a Al-Isbānīyah), officially the Spanish Possessions in the Sahara from 1884 to 1958 then Province of the Sahara between 1958 and 1976, was the name used f ...

to Morocco and Mauritania by the end of February 1976. * November 15 – The " Group of 6" industrialized nations (G-6) is formed and helds its 1st summit at the Château de Rambouillet in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

. *

November 16 Events Pre-1600 * 951 – Emperor Li Jing sends a Southern Tang expeditionary force of 10,000 men under Bian Hao to conquer Chu. Li Jing removes the ruling family to his own capital in Nanjing, ending the Chu Kingdom. *1272 – Whi ...

– Beginning of the Third Cod War between UK and Iceland, which lasts until June 1976. * November 19 – The

approves the Clark Amendment, ending aid to the

and

. * November 20 – Former

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...

Governor Ronald Reagan enters the race for the

Republican Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...

presidential nomination, challenging incumbent President Gerald Ford. *

November 22 Events Pre-1600 * 498 – After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Palace, while Laurentius is elected Pope in Santa Maria Maggiore. * 845 – The first duke of Brittany, Nominoe, defeats the Fra ...

–

Juan Carlos Juan Carlos I (;, * ca, Joan Carles I, * gl, Xoán Carlos I, Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias, born 5 January 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who reigned as King of Spain from 22 Novem ...

is declared King of Spain following the death of General Francisco Franco; he would reign until his abdication in

2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...

November 25 Events Pre-1600 *571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Rome, celebrates the first of his three triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans. *1034 – Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots, dies. His grandson, Donnchad, son of Bethó ...

– Suriname gains independence from the

Kingdom of the Netherlands , national_anthem = ) , image_map = Kingdom of the Netherlands (orthographic projection).svg , map_width = 250px , image_map2 = File:KonDerNed-10-10-10.png , map_caption2 = Map of the four constituent countries shown to scale , capital = ...

. * November 27 - The

Jaws film ''Jaws'' is a 1975 American thriller film directed by Steven Spielberg, based on the 1974 novel by Peter Benchley. It stars Roy Scheider as police chief Martin Brody, who, with the help of a marine biologist (Richard Dreyfuss) and a professio ...

is released in Australia by Steven Spielberg, based on Peter Benchley’s novel of the same name. *

November 28 Events Pre-1600 * 587 – Treaty of Andelot The Treaty of Andelot (or Pact of Andelot) was signed at Andelot-Blancheville in 587 between King Guntram of Burgundy and Queen Brunhilda of Austrasia. Based on the terms of the accord, Brun ...

Portuguese Timor Portuguese Timor ( pt, Timor Português) was a colonial possession of Portugal that existed between 1702 and 1975. During most of this period, Portugal shared the island of Timor with the Dutch East Indies. The first Europeans to arrive in the ...

declares its independence from Portugal as

East Timor East Timor (), also known as Timor-Leste (), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is an island country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the exclave of Oecusse on the island's north-west ...

. ** South African Navy

frigates A frigate () is a type of warship. In different eras, the roles and capabilities of ships classified as frigates have varied somewhat. The name frigate in the 17th to early 18th centuries was given to any full-rigged ship built for speed and ...

evacuate 26 SADF members from behind enemy lines at Ambrizete, north of

Luanda Luanda () is the Capital (political), capital and largest city in Angola. It is Angola's primary port, and its major Angola#Economy, industrial, Angola#Culture, cultural and Angola#Demographics, urban centre. Located on Angola's northern Atl ...

in Angola. *

November 29 Events Pre-1600 * 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert I, Guntram, Sigebert I and Chilperic I, divide the Frankish Kingdom. * 618 – The Tang dynasty scores a decisive victory over t ...

** The name "Micro-soft" (for microcomputer

software Software is a set of computer programs and associated software documentation, documentation and data (computing), data. This is in contrast to Computer hardware, hardware, from which the system is built and which actually performs the work. ...

) is used by

in a letter to

for the first time (

becomes a

registered trademark The registered trademark symbol, , is a typographic symbol that provides notice that the preceding word or symbol is a trademark or service mark that has been registered with a national trademark office. A trademark is a symbol, word, or wor ...

on November 26, 1976). ** While disabled, the submarine tender discharges radioactive coolant water into Apra Harbor, Guam. A Geiger counter at two of the harbor's public beaches shows 100 millirems/hour, 50 times the allowable dose.

December

December 2 Events Pre-1600 *1244 – Pope Innocent IV arrives at Lyon for the First Council of Lyon. * 1409 – The University of Leipzig opens. 1601–1900 *1697 – St Paul's Cathedral, rebuilt to the design of Sir Christopher Wren followin ...

– In Laos, the communist party of the Pathet Lao takes over

Vientiane Vientiane ( , ; lo, ວຽງຈັນ, ''Viangchan'', ) is the capital and largest city of Laos. Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of ...

and defeats the Kingdom of Laos, forcing King

Sisavang Vatthana Sisavang Vatthana ( lo, ພຣະບາທສົມເດັຈພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາຊີວິຕສີສວ່າງວັດທະນາ) or sometimes Savang Vatthana (full title: Samdach Brhat Chao Mavattaha Sri Vitha Lan X ...

to abdicate and creating the Lao People's Democratic Republic. This ends the Laotian Civil War, with mass evacuation of American troops and Laotian civilians, but effectively begins the ongoing Insurgency in Laos with the Pathet Lao fighting the Hmong people, Royalist-in-exile and the Right-wings. *

December 3 Events Pre-1600 * 915 – Pope John X crowns Berengar I of Italy as Holy Roman Emperor (probable date). 1601–1900 * 1775 – American Revolutionary War: becomes the first vessel to fly the Grand Union Flag (the precursor to the ...

– Wreck of (sunk by mine 1916) is found in the Kea Channel by Jacques Cousteau. *

December 7 Events Pre-1600 *43 BC – Marcus Tullius Cicero is assassinated in Formia on orders of Marcus Antonius. * 574 – Byzantine Emperor Justin II, suffering recurring seizures of insanity, adopts his general Tiberius and proclaims him ...

– Indonesian invasion of East Timor:

invades

; the occupation continues until 1999, when U.N. peacekeepers take over control until 2002. *

December 13 Events Pre-1600 *1294 – Saint Celestine V resigns the papacy after only five months to return to his previous life as an ascetic hermit. * 1545 – The Council of Trent begins as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation. * 1577 & ...

1975 Australian federal election The 1975 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 13 December 1975. All 127 seats in the House of Representatives and all 64 seats in the Senate were up for election, due to a double dissolution. Malcolm Fraser had been commissione ...

: The

/ National Country Coalition led by

defeats the recently dismissed

Labor Labour or labor may refer to: * Childbirth, the delivery of a baby * Labour (human activity), or work ** Manual labour, physical work ** Wage labour, a socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer ** Organized labour and the la ...

Government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is ...

led by

Gough Whitlam Edward Gough Whitlam (11 July 191621 October 2014) was the 21st prime minister of Australia, serving from 1972 to 1975. The longest-serving federal leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) from 1967 to 1977, he was notable for being the ...

. The Fraser Government achieves what is so far the largest parliamentary majority in federal Australian political history. Whitlam would subsequently survive a leadership challenge against him. ** United Nations

Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness The Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness is a 1961 United Nations multilateral treaty whereby sovereign states agree to reduce the incidence of statelessness. The Convention was originally intended as a Protocol to the Convention Relat ...

(1961) comes into effect. *

December 18 Events Pre-1600 *1271 – Kublai Khan renames his empire "Yuan" (元 yuán), officially marking the start of the Yuan dynasty of Mongolia and China. *1499 – A rebellion breaks out in Alpujarras in response to the forced conversions ...

– The

Algerian president The president of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Algerian People's National Armed Forces. History of the office The Tripoli Program, whi ...

Houari Boumediene Houari is a given name and surname. It may refer to: Persons Given name *Houari Boumédiène, also transcribed Boumediene, Boumedienne etc. (1932–1978), served as Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of Algeria from 19 June 1965 until 12 Decembe ...

orders the expulsion of all Moroccans from Algeria. *

December 21 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69 – The Roman Senate declares Vespasian emperor of Rome, the last in the Year of the Four Emperors. *1124 – Pope Honorius II is consecrated, having been elected after the controversial dethroning of Pope Celes ...

– Six people, including Carlos the Jackal, kidnap delegates of an OPEC conference in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

. *

December 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1170 – Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II; he subsequently becomes a saint and martyr in the Anglican Communion and the Catholic Church. * ...

– A bomb explosion at

LaGuardia Airport LaGuardia Airport is a civil airport in East Elmhurst, Queens, New York City. Covering , the facility was established in 1929 and began operating as a public airport in 1939. It is named after former New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia ...

in New York City kills 11 people.

Date unknown

* The Spanish Army quits

(modern-day Western Sahara), last remnant of the

Spanish Empire The Spanish Empire ( es, link=no, Imperio español), also known as the Hispanic Monarchy ( es, link=no, Monarquía Hispánica) or the Catholic Monarchy ( es, link=no, Monarquía Católica) was a colonial empire governed by Spain and its prede ...

. The Sahrawi Republic (RASD) is created.

Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria t ...

invades the former territory. * The government of Colombia announces the finding of Ciudad Perdida. * Benoit Mandelbrot coins the mathematical term '' fractal''. *

Victoria (Australia) Victoria is a state in southeastern Australia. It is the second-smallest state with a land area of , the second most populated state (after New South Wales) with a population of over 6.5 million, and the most densely populated state in ...

abolishes

capital punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that t ...

. *

South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories ...

becomes the first Australian state to decriminalize homosexual acts between consenting adults. * The first

monster truck A monster truck is a specialized off-road vehicle with a heavy duty suspension, four-wheel steering, large-displacement V8 engines and oversized tires constructed for competition and entertainment uses. Originally created by modifying stock p ...

, Bigfoot, is created by Bob Chandler.

World population

Births

January

Sonali Bendre Sonali Bendre (born 1 January 1975) is an Indian actress primarily known for her work in Hindi, Tamil and Telugu films. She did modelling assignments prior to making her acting debut with '' Aag'' (1994), which won her the Filmfare Award for N ...

, Indian actress **

Eiichiro Oda is a Japanese manga artist and the creator of the series ''One Piece'' (1997–present). With more than 516.5 million ''tankōbon'' copies in circulation worldwide, ''One Piece'' is both the best-selling manga in history and the best-se ...

, Japanese manga artist * January 2 ** Dax Shepard, American actor ** Oleksandr Shovkovskiy, Ukrainian footballer **

Vladyslav Vashchuk Vladyslav Viktorovych Vashchuk ( ua, Владислав Вікторович Ващук; born on 2 January 1975) is a retired Ukrainian football defender who last played for FC Volyn Lutsk. Vashchuk was also a member of the Ukrainian national ...

, Ukrainian footballer **

Robert Westerholt Robert Westerholt (born 2 January 1975) is a Dutch musician, known as the guitarist and co-founder of the symphonic metal band Within Temptation. He also writes music for the band along with his partner and band vocalist Sharon den Adel. He us ...

, Dutch musician * January 3 **

Danica McKellar Danica Mae McKellar (born January 3, 1975) is an American actress, mathematics writer, and education advocate. She played Winnie Cooper in the television series '' The Wonder Years'' from 1988 to 1993, and since 2010 has voiced Miss Martian in t ...

, American actress and education advocate **

Jason Marsden Jason Christopher Marsden (born January 3, 1975) is an American actor, director, producer and YouTuber, who has done numerous voice roles in animated films, as well as various television series and video games. He has been the official voice of ...

, American actor **

Thomas Bangalter Thomas Bangalter (; born 3 January 1975) is a French musician, record producer, singer, songwriter, DJ and composer. Son of French music composer and artist Daniel Vangarde. He is best known as one half of the former French house music duo Daft ...

, French musician and record producer *

–

Bradley Cooper Bradley Charles Cooper (born January 5, 1975) is an American actor and filmmaker. He is the recipient of various accolades, including a British Academy Film Award and two Grammy Awards, in addition to nominations for nine Academy Awards, si ...

, American actor * January 6 **

Yukana , who goes by her mononymous stage name , is a Japanese voice actress and singer affiliated with Sigma Seven. Her major roles include Azuki in '' Azuki-chan'', Yuri Tanima in ''Wedding Peach'', Meiling Li in ''Cardcaptor Sakura'', Tessa in '' ...

, Japanese voice actress ** Ricardo Santos, Brazilian beach volleyball player *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muha ...

–

Matteo Renzi Matteo Renzi (; born 11 January 1975) is an Italian politician who served as prime minister of Italy from 2014 to 2016. He has been a senator for Florence since 2018. Renzi has served as the leader of Italia Viva (IV) since 2019, having bee ...

, 56th

Prime Minister of Italy The Prime Minister of Italy, officially the President of the Council of Ministers ( it, link=no, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), is the head of government of the Italian Republic. The office of president of the Council of Ministers is ...

* January 13 –

Andrew Yang Andrew Yang (born January 13, 1975) is an American businessman, attorney, lobbyist, and politician. Yang was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and the 2021 New York City Democratic mayoral primary. He is the co-c ...

, American entrepreneur, founder of

Venture for America Venture For America (VFA) is an American nonprofit organization and fellowship headquartered in New York City. Founded by Andrew Yang in 2011, its mission is "to create economic opportunity in American cities" by training recent graduates and youn ...

, and 2020 Democratic presidential candidate * January 15 –

Mary Pierce Mary Caroline Pierce (born 15 January 1975) is a retired tennis professional who represented France internationally in team competitions and the Olympics. She was born in Canada to an American father and a French mother, and holds citizenship of ...

, French tennis player *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 *38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...

– Tony Brown, New Zealand rugby union footballer *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. *1264 & ...

–

Tito Ortiz Jacob Christopher "Tito" Ortiz (; born January 23, 1975) is an American mixed martial artist and politician. He is currently signed to the Combate Americas promotion. Ortiz is best known for his stints with the Ultimate Fighting Championship ...

, American mixed martial arts fighter * January 25 **

Mia Kirshner Mia Kirshner (born January 25, 1975) is a Canadian actress, writer and social activist. She is known for television roles as Mandy in '' 24'' (2001–2005), as Jenny Schecter in ''The L Word'' (2004–2009), as Amanda Grayson in '' Star Trek: Di ...

, Canadian actress ** Tim Montgomery, American athlete *

January 28 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession ...

Tanya Chua Tanya Chua (; born 28 January 1975) is a Singaporean singer-songwriter. She launched her singing career by releasing her debut studio album ''Bored'' in 1997. Her albums, ''Amphibian'' (2005), '' Goodbye & Hello'' (2007), ''Sing It Out of Love'' (2 ...

, Singapore singer ** Hiroshi Kamiya, Japanese voice actor and singer *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, rul ...

–

Sara Gilbert Sara Gilbert (born Sara Rebecca Abeles; January 29, 1975) is an American actress best known for her role as Darlene Conner on the ABC sitcom '' Roseanne'' (1988–1997; 2018), for which she received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations, and ...

, American actress *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. *1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...

–

Preity Zinta Preity G Zinta (pronounced ; born 31 January 1975) is an Indian actress and entrepreneur primarily known for her work in Hindi films. After graduating with degrees in English honours and criminal psychology, Zinta made her acting debut in '' ...

, Indian actress and entrepreneur

February

* February 1 –

Big Boi Antwan André Patton (born February 1, 1975), better known by his stage name Big Boi, is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer and actor. He is best known for being a member of the southern hip hop duo Outkast alongside André 300 ...

, American rapper * February 2 **

Todd Bertuzzi Todd Bertuzzi (born February 2, 1975) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey winger (ice hockey), winger of the National Hockey League (NHL). Known as a power forward (ice hockey), power forward, he has played in the NHL for the New York ...

, Canadian hockey player **

Ieroklis Stoltidis Ieroklis Stoltidis ( el, Ιεροκλής Στολτίδης; born 2 February 1975), also known as "Iéro", is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a central midfielder. He was known as a passionate, determined anchorman with men ...

, Greek footballer * February 3 – Brad Thorn, New Zealand-Australian rugby player * February 4 –

Natalie Imbruglia Natalie Jane Imbruglia ( , ; born 4 February 1975) is an Australian singer and actress. In the early 1990s, she played Beth Brennan in the Australian soap opera ''Neighbours''. Three years after leaving the programme, she began a singing caree ...

, Australian actress and singer *

–

Vladimir Guerrero Vladimir Alvino Guerrero Sr. (born February 9, 1975), nicknamed "Vlad the Impaler", is a Dominican former professional baseball player who spent 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right fielder and designated hitter. He played for ...

, Dominican baseball player *

February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, spar ...

–

Hiroki Kuroda is a Japanese former professional baseball pitcher. He pitched in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for Hiroshima Toyo Carp from 1997 to 2007 before playing in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Dodgers from 2008 to 2011 and ...

, Japanese baseball pitcher * February 14 – Malik Zidi, French actor * February 17 ** Harisu, South Korean singer, model and actress **

Todd Harvey Todd Douglas Ross Harvey (born February 17, 1975) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward and current director of amateur scouting for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). During his playing career, he played for ...

, Canadian hockey player ** Kaspars Astašenko, Latvian ice hockey player (d.

2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gat ...

) ** Václav Prospal, Czech hockey player *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy. *1268 & ...

** Igor Dodon,

President of Moldova The President of the Republic of Moldova () is the head of state of Moldova. The current president is Maia Sandu, who assumed office on 24 December 2020. Duties and functions The office of the presidency in Moldova is largely ceremonial, ...

** Keith Gillespie, Northern Irish footballer **

Gary Neville Gary Alexander Neville (born 18 February 1975) is an English football pundit and former player. He is also a co-owner of English Football League club Salford City. After retiring from football in 2011, Neville went into punditry and was a comm ...

, English footballer * February 19 – Mohamed Aly, Egyptian boxer * February 20 –

Brian Littrell Brian Thomas Littrell (born February 20, 1975) is an American singer and a member of the Backstreet Boys. He is also a contemporary Christian music artist, and released the solo album '' Welcome Home'' in 2006. He is the father of country singer ...

, American pop singer *

February 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. * 1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Ferd ...

–

Drew Barrymore Drew Blythe Barrymore (born February 22, 1975) is an American actress, director, producer, talk show host and author. A member of the Barrymore family of actors, she is the recipient of several accolades, including a Golden Globe Award and a ...

, American actress and film producer * February 23 ** Wilfred Kibet Kigen, Kenyan long-distance runner **

Callan Mulvey Callan Mulvey (born 23 February 1975) is an Australian actor. He is best known for his roles as Mark Moran on the Australian drama '' Underbelly'', Sergeant Brendan 'Josh' Joshua in '' Rush'', and as Bogdan 'Draz' Drazic in ''Heartbreak High''. ...

, New Zealand-born Australian actor * February 25 –

Chelsea Handler Chelsea Joy Handler (born February 25, 1975) is an American comedian, actress, writer, television host, and producer. She hosted the late-night talk show ''Chelsea Lately'' on the E! network from 2007 to 2014 and released a documentary series, ...

, American comedian and television host

March

Valentina Monetta, ESC2014 Meet & Greet 05 (crop)

** Maya Kulenovic, Canadian painter **

Valentina Monetta Valentina Monetta (born 1 March 1975) is a Sammarinese singer. She is best known for representing in the , , , and Eurovision Song Contests. She also announced the Sammarinese points at the Eurovision Song Contest 2015. In the 2014 contest, M ...

, Sammarinese singer *

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 & ...

** Khadaffy Janjalani, Filipino terrorist ** Patric Chiha, Austrian film director and screenwriter * March 5 –

Jolene Blalock Jolene Blalock (born March 5, 1975) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Vulcan first officer and science officer T'Pol on the UPN science-fiction series '' Star Trek: Enterprise''. Her other work includes guest-star ...

, American actress *

–

Aracely Arámbula Aracely Arámbula Jacques (; born March 6, 1975), known professionally as Aracely Arámbula, is a Mexican actress, model, singer, television personality and entrepreneur. Life and career Early life Aracely Arambula Jacques was born in Chih ...

, Mexican actress, singer and model *

Roy Makaay Rudolphus Antonius "Roy" Makaay (born 9 March 1975) is a Dutch former footballer and a coach who is currently first team coach at Rangers. As a striker, he was known for his goal-scoring ability as a result of his "aerial prowess and quick driv ...

, Dutch footballer ** Lisa Miskovsky, Swedish musician *

– Jamie Arnold, American-Israeli basketball player *

Buvaisar Saitiev Buvaisar Hamidovich Saitiev, also spelled Buvaysar Hamidovich Saytiev, (russian: Бувайсар Хамидович Сайтиев, ce, Сайт КIант Бувайса) (born March 11, 1975, in Khasavyurt, Dagestan ASSR) is a Russian retired f ...

, Chechen wrestler **

David Cañada David Cañada Gracia (11 March 1975 – 28 May 2016) was a Spanish professional road racing cyclist. His win at the 2006 Volta a Catalunya is his best career accomplishment. In the 2005 Tour de France, he was in a break-away on stage 2 (the fir ...

, Spanish cyclist (d.

2016 File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff, impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses duri ...

) * March 12 –

Kéllé Bryan Kéllé Bryan (born 12 March 1975) is an English singer and actress, known as a member of girl group Eternal. In 2018, she began portraying the role of Martine Deveraux in the Channel 4 soap opera ''Hollyoaks'', a role she played until 2022. S ...

, English singer *

Eva Longoria Eva Jacqueline Longoria Bastón ( Longoria; March 15, 1975) is an American actress, producer, and director. After a number of guest roles on several television series, she was recognized for her portrayal of Isabella Braña on the CBS daytim ...

, American actress **

Veselin Topalov Veselin Aleksandrov Topalov (pronounced ; bg, Весели́н Александров Топа́лов; born 15 March 1975) is a Bulgarian chess grandmaster and former FIDE World Chess Champion. Topalov became FIDE World Chess Champion by wi ...

, Bulgarian chess player ** will.i.am, American rapper and singer *

March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ei ...

Natalie Zea Natalie Zea (born March 17, 1975) is an American actress known for her performances on television. Zea began her acting career in theatre. Her first major role was on the NBC daytime soap opera ''Passions'' (2000–2002), where she played the ro ...

, American actress **

Puneeth Rajkumar Puneeth Rajkumar (17 March 1975 – 29 October 2021), colloquially known as Appu, was an Indian actor, playback singer, television presenter, and producer, who worked in Kannada cinema. He was the youngest son of actor and matinee idol Dr. Raj ...

, Indian actor, singer, and producer (d.

2021 File:2021 collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: the James Webb Space Telescope was launched in 2021; Protesters in Yangon, Myanmar following the coup d'état; A civil demonstration against the October 2021 coup in Sudan; Crowd shortly after t ...

) *

March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...

–

Sutton Foster Sutton Lenore Foster (born March 18, 1975) is an American actress, singer and dancer. She is known for her work on the Broadway stage, for which she has won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical twice, in 2002 for her role as Millie Di ...

, American actress *

March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. * 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...

Vivian Hsu Vivian Hsu ( Atayal: ; ; born March 19, 1975) is a Taiwanese singer and actress. Hsu rose to prominence in Japan, where she made her first appearance in 1995 and has become a highly recognized celebrity with her countless appearances in media dur ...

, Taiwanese singer, actress and model **

Le Jingyi Le Jingyi (; born March 19, 1975 in Shanghai) is a former swimmer from China who won the gold medal in the 100 metres freestyle at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA. In 1992, Le won the silver medal in the 4×100 metres freestyle rel ...

, Chinese swimmer *

March 21 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...

Fabricio Oberto Fabricio Raúl Jesús Oberto (; born March 21, 1975) is an Argentine-Italian color analyst and former professional basketball player. At , he played as a center and power forward. With the LNB club Atenas, in his native Argentina, Oberto began ...

, Argentinian-Italian basketball player * Mark Williams, Welsh professional snooker player *

– Guillermo Díaz, American actor * March 25 ** Ladislav Benýšek, Czech ice hockey player **

Melanie Blatt Melanie Ruth Blatt (born 25 March 1975) is an English singer. She rose to fame in 1997 as a member of the girl group All Saints. The group have gained five number one singles, two multi-platinum albums, two BRIT Awards and have sold over 10 mil ...

, English singer *

– Fergie, American singer and actress *

– Richard Kelly, American director *

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving. * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...

–

Jan Bos Jan Bos (born 29 March 1975) is a Dutch former speedskater and sprint cyclist. In the late 1990s he was world champion in speed skating and he competed in the 1998, 2002, 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics. Speed skater In 1998 Bos both became the w ...

, Dutch speed skater

April

Anouk, ESC2013 press conference 09 (crop)

Jasey-Jay Anderson FIS World Cup Parallel Slalom Jauerling 2012

April 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St. J ...

Nate Huffman Nate or NATE may refer to: People and fictional characters *Nate (given name) *A nickname for Nathanael *A nickname for Nathaniel Organizations *National Association for the Teaching of English, the UK subject teacher association for all aspects ...

, American basketball player (d. 2015) ** Pedro Pascal, Chilean-American actor ** Adam Rodriguez, American actor *

April 3 Events Pre-1600 * 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul. *1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. *1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created. * ...

–

Koji Uehara is a Japanese former professional baseball pitcher. He previously played for the Yomiuri Giants of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB), as well as the Baltimore Orioles, Texas Rangers, Boston Red Sox, and Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball (M ...

, Japanese baseball pitcher * April 4 –

Delphine Arnault Delphine Arnault (born 4 April 1975) is a French businesswoman, director and executive vice president of Louis Vuitton (LVMH Group). Early life Arnault is the oldest child of Bernard Arnault from his first wife, Anne Dewavrin. She has a younger ...

, French businesswoman and entrepreneur * April 5 ** John Hartson, Welsh footballer **

Juicy J Jordan Michael Houston III (born April 5, 1975), known professionally as Juicy J, is an American rapper and record producer. Originally from Memphis, Tennessee, he is a founding member of the Southern hip hop group Three 6 Mafia, established i ...

, American rapper, songwriter, and record producer *

April 6 Events Pre–1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus. * 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia. *13 ...

Zach Braff Zachary Israel Braff'Scrubs' Star Zach Braff Wows ...

, American actor ** Sónia Lopes, Cape Verdean runner * April 8 – Anouk, Dutch singer-songwriter and producer *

– Robbie Fowler, English footballer *

April 10 Events Pre-1600 * 428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople. * 837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles). * 140 ...

–

David Harbour David Kenneth Harbour (born April 10, 1975) is an American actor. He has played supporting roles in films such as '' Brokeback Mountain'' (2005), '' Quantum of Solace'' (2008), '' State of Play'' (2009), '' The Green Hornet'' (2011), ''End o ...

, American actor *

April 11 Events Pre-1600 * 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. *1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. *1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferrare ...

– Dariusz Kozubek, Polish footballer * April 13 –

Jasey-Jay Anderson Jasey-Jay Anderson (born 13 April 1975 in Val-Morin, Quebec) is a Canadian snowboarder and Olympic gold medallist, who competed in the 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, 2018, Winter Olympics. Anderson currently resides in Mont-Tremblant outside ...

, Canadian snowboarder *

April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...

Amy Dumas Amy Christine Dumas (; born April 14, 1975), known professionally as Lita, is an American professional wrestler. Often regarded as one of the greatest women's performers, she is also one of the most popular female superstars in World Wrestling ...

, American professional wrestler **

Stefano Miceli Stefano Miceli (born 14 April 1975) is an Italian classical conductor and pianist. Biography Miceli has appeared as a conductor, pianist and regular guest artist at festivals and theatres around the world, including Carnegie Hall, Sydney Oper ...

, Italian conductor and pianist **

Anderson Silva Anderson da Silva (; born 14 April 1975) is a Brazilian-American mixed martial artist and boxer. He is a former UFC Middleweight Champion and holds the record for the longest title reign in UFC history at 2,457 days. This started in 2006 an ...

, Brazilian UFC fighter *

April 15 Events Pre-1600 * 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings. * 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscar ...

– Paul Dana, American racing driver (d. 2006) *

April 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail. * 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide. * 73 – Masad ...

–

Sean Maher Sean Maher (born April 16, 1975) is an American actor. He is known for his portrayal of Simon Tam in the science fiction television series ''Firefly'' and follow-up movie '' Serenity''. Early life Maher was born in Pleasantville, New York to ...

, American actor * April 17 –

Lee Hyun-il Lee Hyun-il ( ko, 이현일; born 17 April 1980) is a former badminton player from South Korea. He is a former World and Asian Championships bronze medalist, and was part of South Korean team that won the 2003 Sudirman Cup as well the gold medal ...

, South Korean badminton player * April 21 – Danyon Loader, New Zealand swimmer *

April 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil. * 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. *1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern h ...

** Greg Moore, Canadian racing driver (d. 1999) **

Carlos Sastre Carlos Sastre Candil (; born 22 April 1975) is a former Spanish professional road bicycle racer and winner of the 2008 Tour de France. He consistently achieved outstanding results in the Vuelta a España and in the Tour de France. Sastre establ ...

, Spanish road bicycle racer *

April 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux. *1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe. * 1 ...

– Joey Jordison, American metal drummer (d.

) * April 27 – Kazuyoshi Funaki, Japanese ski jumper *

** Johnny Galecki, Belgian-born American actor

May

Helio Castroneves 2009 Indy 500 Carb Day

* May 1 – Marc-Vivien Foé, Cameroonian footballer (d. 2003) *

** David Beckham, English footballer ** Ahmed Hassan (footballer, born 1975), Ahmed Hassan, Egyptian footballer *

** Andreea Bibiri, Romanian actress and theatre director ** Christina Hendricks, American actress * May 7 – Jason Tunks, Canadian discus thrower * May 8 ** Enrique Iglesias, Spanish singer ** Jussi Markkanen, Finnish hockey player * May 9 – Chris Diamantopoulos, Canadian actor * May 10 ** Hazem Emam, Egyptian footballer ** Hélio Castroneves, Brazilian racing driver * May 12 ** Jonah Lomu, New Zealand rugby player (d. 2015) ** Jared Polis, American politician, 43rd Governor of Colorado * May 13 – Itatí Cantoral, Mexican actress *

** Ray Lewis, American football player ** Janne Seurujärvi, Sámi people, Finnish Sami politician, and the first Sami ever to be elected to the Parliament of Finland, Finnish Parliament. * May 16 ** Tony Kakko, Finnish singer ** Simon Whitfield, Canadian triathlete * May 18 ** John Higgins, Scottish snooker player ** Jack Johnson (musician), Jack Johnson, American singer-songwriter ** Irina Karavayeva, Russian trampolinist * May 19 ** Jonas Renkse, Swedish musician ** Dorit Bar Or, Israeli actress ** Masanobu Ando, Japanese actor ** Zhang Ning, Chinese badminton player * May 20 ** Al Bano, Italian singer ** Tahmoh Penikett, Canadian actor * May 21 – Anthony Mundine, Australian rugby league player and boxer * May 22 – Janne Niinimaa, Finnish hockey player *

** Keiko Fujimori, Peruvian politician ** Lauryn Hill, American singer * May 27 ** André 3000, American musician, record producer, and actor ** Jamie Oliver, English chef, restaurateur and television personality *

– Charmaine Sheh, Hong Kong actress * May 29 ** David Burtka, American actor and professional chef ** Mel B, English singer, songwriter, rapper, television personality, actress and author ** Daniel Tosh, American comedian * May 31 – Toni Nieminen, Finnish ski jumper

June

Besuch des Ministerpräsidenten von Armenien, Nikol Pashinyan, im Kölner Rathaus-2162

South by Southwest 2019 7 (32449999697) (cropped)

* June 1 – Nikol Pashinyan, Armenian politician, Prime Minister of Armenia * June 4 ** Russell Brand, English actor and comedian ** Angelina Jolie, American actress *

** Shane Bond, New Zealand fast bowler ** Allen Iverson, American basketball player ** Ekta Kapoor, Indian actress * June 8 – Shilpa Shetty, Bollywood actress *

** Andrew Symonds, British-born Australian cricketer (d. 2022) ** Ameesha Patel, Indian actress and model *

– Choi Ji-woo, South Korean actress and model * June 15 – Elizabeth Reaser, American actress * June 16 – Anabel Conde, Spanish singer * June 18 – Martin St. Louis, Canadian hockey player * June 19 ** Oksana Chusovitina, German artistic gymnast ** Anthony Parker, American basketball player ** Ed Coode, British rower * June 23 – KT Tunstall, Scottish singer-songwriter * June 24 – Christie Pearce, American footballer *

** Linda Cardellini, American actress ** Natasha Klauss, Colombian actress ** Vladimir Kramnik, Russian chess player * June 26 – Florence Loiret Caille, French actress * June 27 ** Mufti Menk, Zimbabwean Muslim cleric and Mufti ** Tobey Maguire, American actor ** Mosese Rauluni, Fijian rugby union footballer * June 28 ** Jeff Geddis, Canadian film and television actor ** Ning Baizura, Malaysian singer ** Jon Nödtveidt, Swedish singer (d. 2006) * June 29 – Mime Gopi, Indian actor * June 30 ** James Bannatyne, New Zealand footballer ** Ralf Schumacher, German racing driver ** Angela Tong, Hong Kong actress

July

* July 1 – Sufjan Stevens, American musician * July 2 – Stefan Terblanche, South African rugby union player * July 3 – Ryan McPartlin, American actor *

– John Lloyd Young, American actor and singer *

** Zander de Bruyn, South African cricketer ** Hernán Crespo, Argentinian footballer ** Surya Saputra, Indonesian actor, singer, and model ** Alberto Castillo (pitcher), Alberto Castillo, Cuban baseball pitcher ** Ai Sugiyama, Japanese tennis player *

** Sebastián Rulli, Argentine actor and model ** Alessandro Juliani, Canadian actor and singer * July 7 ** João Bosco Cabral, Timorese footballer ** Khaled Gahwji, Saudi football player ** Nina Hoss, German actress * July 8 ** Amara (singer), Amara, Indonesian actress, model, and singer ** Elias Viljanen, Finnish musician ** Régis Laconi, French motorcycle racer * July 9 ** Shelton Benjamin, American professional wrestler ** Damián Szifron, Argentine director and screenwriter ** Robert Koenig (filmmaker), Robert Koenig, American film director and producer ** Jack White, American singer and guitarist * July 10 ** Martina Colombari, Italian actress, model and television presenter ** Edoardo Gabbriellini, Italian actor, screenwriter, and director ** Alain Nasreddine, Canadian ice hockey player ** Stefán Karl Stefánsson, Icelandic actor (d. 2018) * July 12 - Cheyenne Jackson, American actor and singer * July 15 – K Brosas, Filipino actress, comedian, singer and television host * July 16 – Edoardo Gabbriellini, Italian actor, screenwriter, and director *

** Cécile de France, Belgian actress ** Darude, Finnish DJ and record producer ** Elena Anaya, Spanish actress ** Terence Tao, Australian-American mathematician * July 18 – Daron Malakian, Armenian-American guitarist * July 19 – Kamijo (musician), Kamijo, Japanese singer-songwriter, musician, and music producer * July 20 ** Judy Greer, American actress and author ** Ray Allen, American basketball player * July 21 **David Dastmalchian, American actor **Fredrik Johansson (musician), Fredrik Johansson, Swedish musician * July 23 – Suriya, Indian actor * July 25 ** Håvard Ellefsen, Norwegian musician ** Evgeni Nabokov, Kazakh-Russian hockey goaltender * July 26 – Liz Truss, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom September/October 2022 * July 27 – Alex Rodriguez, American baseball player

August

– Danny Chan Kwok-kwan, Hong Kong actor * August 3 – Yoyo Mung, Hong Kong actress * August 4 – Jason Crump, Australian motorcycle speedway rider ** Eicca Toppinen, Finnish cellist * August 7 ** Gaahl (Kristian Eivind Espedal), Norwegian musician ** Megan Gale, Australian model and actress ** Charlize Theron, South African-born American actress * August 9 – Mahesh Babu, Indian actor * August 12 – Casey Affleck, American actor and film director * August 13 – Shoaib Akhtar, Pakistani fast bowler *

– Kara Wolters, American basketball player * August 16 – Taika Waititi, New Zealand filmmaker, actor, and comedian * August 18 – Kaitlin Olson, American actress * August 22 – Rodrigo Santoro, Brazilian actor * August 29 – Dante Basco, American film, television and voice actor * August 30 - Radhi Jaidi, Tunisian footballer * August 31 – Sara Ramirez, Mexican-American actress

September

Mark Ronson and Jennifer Su, 2011 (cropped)

Moon Bloodgood 2012 Dark Horse Comics booth (cropped)

* September 1 ** Sarah Mintz, Maritza Rodríguez, Colombian actress and model ** Natalie Bassingthwaighte, Australian actress and singer ** Elvira Rahić, Bosnian singer ** Scott Speedman, Canadian actor * September 3 – Redfoo, American disc jockey * September 4 – Mark Ronson, English DJ, record producer, and singer *

– Ryoko Tani, Japanese judoka * September 7 – Renato Sobral, Brazilian martial artist * September 9 – Michael Bublé, Canadian musician * September 13 ** Peter Ho, American-Taiwanese singer and actor ** Idan Tal, Israeli footballer * September 16 – Gal Fridman, Israeli windsurfer * September 17 – Jimmie Johnson, American race car driver * September 18 – Jason Sudeikis, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter *

** Asia Argento, Italian actress, singer, and director ** Moon Bloodgood, American actress * September 22 – Ethan Moreau, Canadian hockey player * September 23 – Kim Dong-moon, South Korean badminton player * September 25 – Matt Hasselbeck, American football player * September 28 – Ana Brnabić, Prime Minister of Serbia * September 30 ** Marion Cotillard, French actress, singer, songwriter, and musician ** Ta-Nehisi Coates, American author and journalist ** Georges-Alain Jones, French singer

October

– Bimba Bosé, Spanish model, actress and singer (d. 2017) * October 3 – Alanna Ubach, American actress and singer * October 5 ** Kate Winslet, British actress ** Gao Yuanyuan, Chinese actress ** Parminder Nagra, British actress * October 9 – Sean Lennon, British-American musician, songwriter, producer and multi-instrumentalist * October 10 – Ihsahn, Norwegian musician * October 14 ** Floyd Landis, American cyclist ** Shaznay Lewis, English singer * October 15 – Michél Mazingu-Dinzey, German-Congolese footballer *

** Alexandra Barreto, American actress ** Jacques Kallis, South African cricketer * October 21 ** Henrique Hilário, Portuguese footballer ** Madchild, Canadian rapper * October 22 – Jesse Tyler Ferguson, American actor * October 23 – Odalys García, Cuban actress * October 25 – Zadie Smith, English writer * October 27 – Aron Ralston, American outdoorsman, mechanical engineer and motivational speaker * October 28 – Krisztián Zahorecz, Hungarian football player (d. 2019) *

– Ian D'Sa, Canadian guitarist *

– Director X, Canadian music video director

November

* November 2 ** Zhang Ouying, Chinese footballer (d. 2018) ** Danny Cooksey, American actor and comedian * November 3 – Marta Domínguez, Spanish athlete * November 4 ** Éric Fichaud, Canadian hockey player ** Lorenzen Wright, American basketball player (d. 2010) * November 5 ** Lisa Scott-Lee, Welsh singer ** Jamie Spaniolo (Jamie Madrox), American rapper *

– Marcus Luttrell, American U.S. Navy Seal * November 8 ** Ángel Corella, Spanish dancer ** Tara Reid, American actress *

– Markko Märtin, Estonian racing driver *

** Daisuke Ohata, Japanese rugby union player ** Angélica Vale, Mexican-American actress, singer, and comedian * November 12 – Jason Lezak, American swimmer *

** Faye Tozer, English singer ** Gary Vaynerchuk, American-Belarusians, Belarusian entrepreneur and internet personality *

– Julio Lugo, Dominican baseball player * November 18 ** Neal E. Boyd, American singer and reality show winner (''America's Got Talent (season 3), America's Got Talent'') (d. 2018) ** Anthony McPartlin, British TV presenter, actor and singer ** David Ortiz, Dominican-American baseball player * November 19 – Sushmita Sen, Indian actress and model, former Miss Universe. * November 20 ** Dierks Bentley, American country music singer ** Joshua Gomez, American actor * November 21 ** Cherie Johnson, American actress ** Chris Moneymaker, American poker player ** Aaron Solowoniuk, Canadian drummer *

– Michael Cohen (actor), Michael Cohen, Canadian actor and writer * November 24 – Lee Wan Wah, Malaysian badminton player * November 26 – DJ Khaled, American DJ, record executive, songwriter, record producer and media personality *

– Eka Kurniawan, Indonesian writer * November 30 ** Mindy McCready, American country music singer (d. 2013) ** Ben Thatcher, Welsh footballer

December

– Csaba Czébely, Hungarian drummer * December 5 ** Sofi Marinova, Bulgarian singer ** Ronnie O'Sullivan, British snooker player ** Paula Patton, American actress * December 6 – Ashin, Taiwanese singer * December 8 – Kevin Harvick, American race car driver * December 10 – Emmanuelle Chriqui, Canadian actress * December 12 ** Mayim Bialik, Israeli-American actress and neuroscientist ** Houko Kuwashima, Japanese voice actress *

– Tom DeLonge, American musician, author, and UFOlogist * December 17 ** Tim Clark (golfer), Tim Clark, South African golfer ** Nick Dinsmore, American professional wrestler ** Susanthika Jayasinghe, Sri Lankan athlete ** Hilje Murel, Estonian actress ** Milla Jovovich, Ukrainian-born American actress and model *

** Sia, Australian singer-songwriter and music video director ** Trish Stratus, Canadian professional wrestler and model * December 20 – Bartosz Bosacki, Polish footballer *

** Paloma Herrera, Argentine ballet dancer ** Charles Michel, Belgian politician, 51st Prime Minister of Belgium and President of the European Council * December 23 – Vadim Sharifijanov, Russian ice hockey player * December 26 ** Ed Stafford, English explorer ** Marcelo Ríos, Chilean tennis player * December 27 – Heather O'Rourke, American child actress (d. 1988) *

– Shawn Hatosy, American actor * December 30 – Tiger Woods, American golfer

Deaths

January

* January 3 – Victor Kraft, Austrian philosopher (b. 1880) *

– Gottlob Berger, German Nazi senior official (b. 1896) * January 9 – Pierre Fresnay, French actor (b. 1897) * January 14 – Georgi Traykov, former head of List of heads of state of Bulgaria, State of Bulgaria as Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly (b. 1898) *

– Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, 19th President of Colombia (b. 1900) *

– Thomas Hart Benton (painter), Thomas Hart Benton, American artist (b. 1889) *

– Prince Karl Franz of Prussia (b. 1916) *

– Larry Fine, American actor and comedian (b. 1902) * January 27 ** Antonín Novotný, Czechoslovak Communist leader and 7th President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1904) ** Bill Walsh (producer), Bill Walsh, American film producer and writer (b. 1913) *

– Ola Raknes, Norwegian psychoanalyst and philologist (b. 1887)

February

* February 3 – Umm Kulthum, Egyptian actress and singer (b. 1898) * February 4 – Louis Jordan, American musician (b. 1908) * February 8 ** Robert Robinson (organic chemist), Robert Robinson, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1886) ** Jan Mukařovský, Czech literary, linguistic and aesthetic theorist. (b. 1891) *

– Dave Alexander (musician), Dave Alexander, American musician (b. 1947) * February 14 ** Sir Julian Huxley, British biologist (b. 1887) ** Sir P. G. Wodehouse, English writer (b. 1881) * February 16 – Morgan Taylor, American Olympic athlete (b. 1903) * February 17 – Hugo Österman, Finnish general (b. 1892) *

– Chivu Stoica, Romanian Communist politician, 48th Prime Minister of Romania and head of State (b. 1908) * February 19 – Luigi Dallapiccola, Italian composer (b. 1904) *

– Lionel Tertis, English violist (b. 1876) * February 24 – Nikolai Bulganin, Premier of the Soviet Union (b. 1895) * February 25 – Elijah Muhammad, American Nation of Islam leader (b. 1897)

March

* March 2 – Madeleine Vionnet, French fashion designer (b. 1876) *

– Therese Giehse, German actress (b. 1898) *

– Glenn Hardin, American athlete (b. 1910) * March 7 – Mikhail Bakhtin, Russian philosopher and literary scholar (b. 1895) *

** Joseph Bech, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1887) ** George Stevens, American director, producer and cinematographer (b. 1904) *

– Shirley Ross, American actress and singer (b. 1913) *

– Margarita Fischer, German silent film actress (b. 1886) *

– Ivo Andrić, Serbo-Croatian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892) * March 14 – Susan Hayward, American actress (b. 1917) *

– Aristotle Onassis, Greek shipping magnate (b. 1906) * March 16 – T-Bone Walker, American blues performer (b. 1910) *

– Harry Lachman, American set designer and film director (b. 1886) * March 20 – Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia (b. 1908) *

- Joe Medwick, American baseball player and manager (b. 1911) * March 25 ** King

(b. 1906) ** Michèle Girardon, French actress (b. 1938) *

– Sir Arthur Bliss, British composer and Master of the Queen's Music (b. 1891) * March 30 – Boots Adams, American business magnate, president of Phillips Petroleum Company (b. 1899)

April

* April 5 ** Chiang Kai-shek, Chinese nationalist general and politician, 1st President of the Republic of China (b. 1887) ** Harold Osborn, American Olympic athlete (b. 1899) ** Victor Marijnen, Dutch politician and jurist, 40th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1917) *

** Walker Evans, American photographer (b. 1903) ** Marjorie Main, American actress (b. 1890) * April 12 – Josephine Baker, France entertainer, activist (b. 1906) *

– Fredric March, American actor (b. 1897) * April 17 – Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Indian philosopher and politician, 2nd President of India (b. 1888) * April 23 - William Hartnell, English actor (b. 1908) *

– Pete Ham, Welsh singer, songwriter and guitarist (b. 1947) *

** Lê Nguyên Vỹ, South Vietnamese Army general (b. 1933) ** Lê Văn Hưng, South Vietnamese Army general (b. 1933) ** Nguyễn Khoa Nam, South Vietnamese Army general (b. 1927) ** Phạm Văn Phú, South Vietnamese Army general (b. 1927)

May

* May 1 – Trần Văn Hai, South Vietnamese Army general (b. 1927) * May 4 – Moe Howard, American actor and comedian (b. 1897) * May 8 – Avery Brundage, American administrator, 5th President of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1887) * May 9 – Philip Dorn, Dutch actor (b. 1901) * May 14 – Ernst Alexanderson, Swedish-born American television pioneer (b. 1878) * May 18 ** Leroy Anderson, American composer (b. 1908) ** Aníbal Troilo, Argentine tango musician (b. 1914) * May 20 – Barbara Hepworth, Dame Barbara Hepworth, English sculptor and artist (b. 1903) * May 22 ** Lefty Grove, American baseball player (b. 1900) ** Torben Meyer, Danish actor (b. 1884) *

** Ezzard Charles, American boxer, former World Heavyweight Champion (b. 1921) ** Lung Chien, Chinese screenwriter and film director (b. 1916) * May 30 ** Steve Prefontaine, American distance runner (b. 1951) ** Michel Simon, Swiss actor (b. 1895)

June

* June 3 ** Eisaku Satō, Japanese politician, Prime Minister of Japan, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1901) ** Ozzie Nelson, American actor, director and producer (b. 1906) * June 4 – Evelyn Brent, American actress (b. 1899) *

– Albert Spencer, 7th Earl Spencer, British aristocrat (b. 1898) * June 12 – Rafael Arévalo Martínez, Guatemalan writer (b. 1884) * June 13 – José María Guido, 33rd President of Argentina (b. 1910) * June 15 – William Austin (actor), William Austin, English actor (b. 1884) * June 18 – Hugo Bergmann, German and Israeli Jewish philosopher (b. 1883) * June 27 – G. I. Taylor, British physicist, mathematician and expert on fluid dynamics and wave theory (b. 1886) * June 28 – Rod Serling, American television screenwriter and narrator (b. 1924) * June 29 – Tim Buckley, American singer-songwriter (b. 1947)

July

* July 2 – James Robertson Justice, British actor (b. 1907) *

– Luigi Carlo Borromeo, Italian Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1893) * July 10 – Achille Van Acker, 33rd Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1898) * July 14 – Madan Mohan (music director), Madan Mohan, Indian music director (b. 1924) *

– Konstantine Gamsakhurdia, Georgian writer and public benefactor (b. 1893) * July 19 – Lefty Frizzell, American singer (b. 1928) * July 21 – Billy West (silent film actor), Billy West, American actor (b. 1892) * July 23 – Emlen Tunnell, American football player and coach (b. 1924) * July 30 – James Blish, American science fiction and fantasy writer (b. 1921)

August

Dmitri Shostakovich credit Deutsche Fotothek adjusted

* August 3 ** Andreas Embirikos, Greek poet (b. 1901) ** Jack Molinas, American basketball player (b. 1931) * August 9 – Dmitri Shostakovich, Soviet and Russian composer (b. 1906) * August 11 ** Rachel Katznelson-Shazar, Zionist political figure and wife of third President of Israel (b. 1885) ** Anthony McAuliffe, American general (b. 1898) *

–

, 2nd Prime Minister of Bangladesh and 1st and 4th President of Bangladesh (b. 1920) * August 16 – Vladimir Kuts, Soviet runner (b. 1927) * August 17 – Sig Arno, German actor (b. 1895) * August 19 ** Mark Donohue, American race car driver (b. 1937) ** Ima Hogg, American society leader, philanthropist, patron and collector of the arts (b. 1882) ** Frank Shields, American tennis player (b. 1909) * August 23 – Sidney Buchman, American screenwriter (b. 1902) *

– Joseph Kane, American film director and producer (b. 1894) * August 26 – Cullen Landis, American actor (b. 1896) * August 27 – Haile Selassie, Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1892) * August 28 – Fritz Wotruba, Austrian sculptor (b. 1907) * August 29 **Charles C. Bass, American physician and medical researcher (b. 1875) **Éamon de Valera, Irish politician and statesman, 3rd President of Ireland and 3-time Taoiseach (b. 1882)

September

– Alice Catherine Evans, American microbiologist (b. 1881) * September 9 ** Minta Durfee, American actress (b. 1889) ** Ethel Griffies, British actress (b. 1878) * September 10 – Sir George Paget Thomson, British physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892) * September 15 – Pavel Sukhoi, Soviet aerospace engineer, twice Hero of Socialist Labour (b. 1895) *

– Pamela Brown (actress), Pamela Brown, English actress (b. 1917) *

– Saint-John Perse, French diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887) * September 23 – Ian Hunter (actor), Ian Hunter, British actor (b. 1900) * September 26 – C. H. Waddington, British biologist, paleontologist, geneticist and philosopher (b. 1905) *

** Mark Frechette, American actor (b. 1947) ** Jack Lang (Australian politician), Jack Lang, Australian politician (b. 1876) * September 29 – Casey Stengel, American baseball player and manager (b. 1890)

October

* October 3 – Guy Mollet, 94th Prime Minister of France (b. 1905) * October 4 – May Sutton, American tennis champion (b. 1886) * October 10 – Norman Levinson, American mathematician (b. 1912) * October 22 – Arnold J. Toynbee, English historian (b. 1889) * October 27 ** Peregrino Anselmo, Uruguayan football player (b. 1902) ** Rex Stout, American author (b. 1886) * October 28 – Georges Carpentier, French boxer (b. 1894) *

– Gustav Ludwig Hertz, German physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)

November

* November 1 – C. S. Wright, Canadian explorer (b. 1887) * November 2 – Pier Paolo Pasolini, Italian film director (b. 1922) * November 4 – Francis Dvornik, Czech historian (b. 1893) * November 5 ** Annette Kellerman, Australian swimmer and actress (b. 1887) ** Lionel Trilling, American literary critic (b. 1905) * November 13 – R. C. Sherriff, English writer (b. 1896) * November 17 – Kay Johnson, American actress (b. 1904) * November 20 – Francisco Franco, Spanish general and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1892) *

** Tony Brise, English racing driver (b. 1952) ** Graham Hill, English racing driver (b. 1929)

December

* December 4 – Hannah Arendt, German political theorist (b. 1906) *

– Thornton Wilder, American playwright (b. 1897) * December 8 – Plínio Salgado, Brazilian politician and writer (b. 1895) * December 9 – William A. Wellman, American film director (b. 1896) * December 10 – Boy Charlton, Andrew "Boy" Charlton, Australian Olympic swimmer (b. 1907) * December 12 – Saadi Al Munla, 4th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1890) * December 14 – Arthur Treacher, English actor (b. 1894) * December 15 ** Alex Aronson, Jewish-Dutch aid worker (b. 1934) ** Shigeyoshi Inoue, Japanese admiral (b. 1889) * December 17 – Noble Sissle, American jazz composer (b. 1889) *

– Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ukrainian-American geneticist and evolutionary biologist (b. 1900) * December 19 – René Maheu, French professor and administrator, 6th Director-General of UNESCO (b. 1905) * December 20 – William Lundigan, American actor (b. 1914) *

– Rowland V. Lee, American film director (b. 1891) * December 24 – Bernard Herrmann, American composer (b. 1911) * December 30 – Elene Akhvlediani, Soviet painter (b. 1901)

Date unknown

* Sisowath Monireth, 3rd Prime Minister of Cambodia (b. 1909)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Aage Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson, James Rainwater * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Eugenio Montale * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Andrei Sakharov, Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov * Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Economics – Leonid Kantorovich, Tjalling Koopmans

References

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