It was also declared the ''
International Women's Year
International Women's Year (IWY) was the name given to 1975 by the United Nations. Since that year March 8 has been celebrated as International Women's Day, and the United Nations Decade for Women, from 1976 to 1985, was also established.
Hist ...
'' by the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the
Council of Europe
The Council of Europe (CoE; french: Conseil de l'Europe, ) is an international organisation founded in the wake of World War II to uphold European Convention on Human Rights, human rights, democracy and the Law in Europe, rule of law in Europe. ...
.
Events
January
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
-
Watergate scandal
The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration's continual ...
(United States):
John N. Mitchell,
H. R. Haldeman
Harry Robbins Haldeman (October 27, 1926 – November 12, 1993) was an American political aide and businessman, best known for his service as White House Chief of Staff to President Richard Nixon and his consequent involvement in the Watergate s ...
and
John Ehrlichman
John Daniel Ehrlichman (; March 20, 1925 – February 14, 1999) was an American political aide who served as the White House Counsel and Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs under President Richard Nixon. Ehrlichman was an important ...
are found guilty of the
Watergate
The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration's continual ...
cover-up.
*
January 2
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor.
* 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empi ...
** The
Federal Rules of Evidence
First adopted in 1975, the Federal Rules of Evidence codify the evidence law that applies in United States federal courts. In addition, many states in the United States have either adopted the Federal Rules of Evidence, with or without local v ...
are approved by the
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
.
**
Bangladesh
Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
revolutionary leader
Siraj Sikder
Siraj Sikder (27 October 1944 – 2 January 1975) was a Bangladeshi revolutionary politician.
Early life
Sikder was born on 27 October 1944 in Bhedarganj, Shariatpur District, East Bengal. His father was Abdur Razzaq Sikder, and belonged to ...
is killed by police while in custody.
** A bomb blast at
Samastipur
Samastipur is a city and a municipal corporation (nagar nigam) in Bihar, India. It is the headquarter of Samastipur district and comes under Darbhanga division. The Budhi Gandak river flows through the town. It is one of the five railway divisi ...
, Bihar, India, fatally wounds
Lalit Narayan Mishra
Lalit Narayan Mishra (2 February 1923 – 3 January 1975) was an Indian politician who served as Minister of Railways in the government of India from 1973 to 1975. He was brought into politics by the first Chief Minister of Bihar, Krishna Sinh ...
, Minister of Railways.
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
*1675 – Battle of Turckh ...
–
Tasman Bridge disaster
The Tasman Bridge disaster occurred on the evening of 5 January 1975, in Hobart, the capital city of Australia's island state of Tasmania, when the bulk carrier ''Lake Illawarra'', travelling up the Derwent River, collided with several pylon ...
: The
Tasman Bridge
The Tasman Bridge is a bridge that carries the Tasman Highway over the Derwent River in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Including approaches, the bridge has a total length of and it provides the main traffic route from the Hobart city centre ( ...
in
Hobart
Hobart ( ; Nuennonne/Palawa kani: ''nipaluna'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Home to almost half of all Tasmanians, it is the least-populated Australian state capital city, and second-small ...
,
Tasmania
)
, nickname =
, image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates:
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdi ...
, Australia, is struck by the bulk ore carrier , killing 12 people.
*
January 7
Events Pre-1600
*49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting.
* 1325 – Alfonso IV ...
–
OPEC
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC, ) is a cartel of countries. Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquart ...
agrees to raise
crude oil
Petroleum, also known as crude oil, or simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations. The name ''petroleum'' covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude ...
prices by 10%.
*
January 10
Events Pre-1600
*49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war.
* 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...
–
February 9
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
* 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland.
* 1539 – The first recorded race is hel ...
– The flight of ''
Soyuz 17
Soyuz 17 (russian: Союз 17, ''Union 17'') was the first of two long-duration missions to the Soviet Union's Salyut 4 space station in 1975. The flight by cosmonauts Aleksei Gubarev and Georgy Grechko set a Soviet mission-duration record o ...
'' with the crew of
Georgy Grechko
Georgy Mikhaylovich Grechko (russian: Георгий Михайлович Гречко; 25 May 1931 – 8 April 2017) was a Soviet cosmonaut. He flew to space on three missions, each bound for rendezvous with a different Salyut space station. and
Aleksei Gubarev
Aleksei Aleksandrovich Gubarev (russian: Алексе́й Алекса́ндрович Гу́барев; 29 March 1931 – 21 February 2015) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on two space flights: Soyuz 17 and Soyuz 28.
Biography
Gubarev grad ...
aboard the ''
Salyut 4
Salyut 4 (DOS 4) (russian: Салют-4; English translation: Salute 4) was a Salyut space station launched on December 26, 1974 into an orbit with an apogee of 355 km, a perigee of 343 km and an orbital inclination of 51.6 degrees. It ...
'' space station.
*
January 15
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months.
* 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...
–
Alvor Agreement
The Alvor Agreement, signed on 15 January 1975 in Alvor, Portugal, granted Angola independence from Portugal on 11 November and formally ended the 13-year-long Angolan War of Independence.
The agreement was signed by the Portuguese governmen ...
: Portugal announces that it will grant independence to
Angola
, national_anthem = " Angola Avante"()
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capital = Luanda
, religion =
, religion_year = 2020
, religion_ref =
, coordina ...
on
November 11
Events Pre-1600
* 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, ''Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the ...
.
*
January 19
Events Pre-1600
* 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
* 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...
– The 6.8
Kinnaur earthquake affected
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh (; ; "Snow-laden Mountain Province") is a state in the northern part of India. Situated in the Western Himalayas, it is one of the thirteen mountain states and is characterized by an extreme landscape featuring several peaks ...
in India with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''), killing 47.
*
January 20
Events Pre-1600
* 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution.
* 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom.
* 1156 &ndas ...
** In
Hanoi
Hanoi or Ha Noi ( or ; vi, Hà Nội ) is the capital and second-largest city of Vietnam. It covers an area of . It consists of 12 urban districts, one district-leveled town and 17 rural districts. Located within the Red River Delta, Hanoi is ...
,
North Vietnam
North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
, the
Politburo
A politburo () or political bureau is the executive committee for communist parties. It is present in most former and existing communist states.
Names
The term "politburo" in English comes from the Russian ''Politbyuro'' (), itself a contraction ...
approves the final military offensive against
South Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
.
** Work is abandoned on the British end of the
Channel Tunnel
The Channel Tunnel (french: Tunnel sous la Manche), also known as the Chunnel, is a railway tunnel that connects Folkestone (Kent, England, UK) with Coquelles ( Hauts-de-France, France) beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. ...
.
*
January 24
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.
* 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt.
*1438 – The Cou ...
–
Jazz
Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a major ...
pianist
A pianist ( , ) is an individual musician who plays the piano. Since most forms of Western music can make use of the piano, pianists have a wide repertoire and a wide variety of styles to choose from, among them traditional classical music, ja ...
Keith Jarrett
Keith Jarrett (born May 8, 1945) is an American jazz and classical music pianist and composer. Jarrett started his career with Art Blakey and later moved on to play with Charles Lloyd and Miles Davis. Since the early 1970s, he has also been a ...
plays the solo
improvisation
Improvisation is the activity of making or doing something not planned beforehand, using whatever can be found. Improvisation in the performing arts is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation. The skills of impr ...
''
The Köln Concert
''The Concert'' is a live recording of solo piano improvisations performed by Keith Jarrett at the Opera House in Cologne (german: Köln) on 24 January 1975. The double-vinyl album was released in 1975 by ECM. It became the best-selling solo a ...
'' at the
Cologne Opera
The Cologne Opera (German: Oper der Stadt Köln or Oper Köln) refers both to the main opera house in Cologne, Germany and to its resident opera company. History of the company
From the mid 18th century, opera was performed in the city's court th ...
. The live recording becomes the best-selling piano recording in history.
February
*
February 4
Events Pre–1600
* 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...
– The
Haicheng earthquake, the first successfully
predicted earthquake, kills 2,041 and injures 27,538 in
Haicheng, Liaoning
Haicheng () is a county-level city in central Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, located about southwest of the provincial capital Shenyang. It is under the administration of Anshan City, the seat of which lies to the northeast.
H ...
, China.
*
February 5
Events Pre-1600
* 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy.
* 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion.
* 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...
– The Argentinian president
Isabel Perón
Isabel Martínez de Perón (, born María Estela Martínez Cartas, 4 February 1931), also known as Isabelita, is an Argentine politician who served as President of Argentina from 1974 to 1976. She was one of the first female republican heads ...
decrees
Operativo Independencia
Operativo Independencia ("Operation Independence") was a 1975 Argentine military operation in Tucumán Province to crush the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP), a Guevarist guerrilla group which tried to create a Vietnam-style war front in the no ...
, aiming to neutralize or annihilate the "subversive elements" in the province of Tucuman. Isabelita takes advantage to take a self-coup and assume extraordinary powers.
*
February 11
Events Pre-1600
*660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.
* 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...
**
Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. S ...
defeats
Edward Heath
Sir Edward Richard George Heath (9 July 191617 July 2005), often known as Ted Heath, was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974 and Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Leader of the Conserv ...
for the
leadership
Leadership, both as a research area and as a practical skill, encompasses the ability of an individual, group or organization to "lead", influence or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations. The word "leadership" often gets view ...
of the opposition
UK Conservative Party
The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories, is one of the two main political parties in the United Kingdom, along with the Labour Party. It is the current governing party, ...
. Thatcher, 49, is Britain's first female leader of any political party.
** Colonel
Richard Ratsimandrava, President of
Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
, is assassinated.
*
February 13
Events Pre-1600
* 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome.
*1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th.
*1462 – The ...
– A "
Turkish Federated State of North Cyprus" is declared as an unsuccessful first step to international recognition of a
Turkish Cypriot separatist state in
Cyprus
Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is geo ...
.
*
February 21
Events Pre-1600
* 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine.
* 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.
* 1440 – The Prus ...
–
Watergate scandal
The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration's continual ...
: Former
United States Attorney General
The United States attorney general (AG) is the head of the United States Department of Justice, and is the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government of the United States. The attorney general serves as the principal advisor to the p ...
John N. Mitchell, and former
White House
The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., and has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in 1800. ...
aides
H. R. Haldeman
Harry Robbins Haldeman (October 27, 1926 – November 12, 1993) was an American political aide and businessman, best known for his service as White House Chief of Staff to President Richard Nixon and his consequent involvement in the Watergate s ...
and
John Ehrlichman
John Daniel Ehrlichman (; March 20, 1925 – February 14, 1999) was an American political aide who served as the White House Counsel and Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs under President Richard Nixon. Ehrlichman was an important ...
, are sentenced to between 30 months and 8 years in prison.
*
February 27
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity.
* 425 – The University of Constantinople ...
– The
2 June Movement kidnaps West German politician
Peter Lorenz
Peter Lorenz (22 December 1922 – 6 December 1987) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).
In 1975 Lorenz was a candidate for mayor of West Berlin. He was kidnapped by the 2 June Movement group three days befor ...
. He is released on
March 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
after most of the kidnappers' demands are met.
*
February 28
Events Pre-1600
*202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty.
* 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes.
*1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...
** A
major tube train crash at
Moorgate station, London kills 43 people.
** In
Lomé
Lomé is the capital and largest city of Togo. It has an urban population of 837,437 ,
Togo
Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (french: République togolaise), is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its c ...
, the
European Economic Community
The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organization created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the ''Treaty on the functioning of the European Union'', as renamed by the Lisb ...
and 46 African, Caribbean and Pacific countries sign a financial and economic treaty, known as the first
Lomé Convention
The Lomé Convention is a trade and aid agreement between the European Economic Community (EEC) and 71 African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries, first signed in February 1975 in Lomé, Togo.
History
The first Lomé Convention (Lomé I) ...
.
** The
National Liberation Front of Angola
The National Front for the Liberation of Angola ( pt, Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola; abbreviated FNLA) is a political party and former militant organisation that fought for Angolan independence from Portugal in the war of independenc ...
(FNLA) approaches the South African Embassy in London and requests 40 to 50 artillery pieces to assist their cause in the
Angolan Civil War
The Angolan Civil War ( pt, Guerra Civil Angolana) was a civil war in Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with interludes, until 2002. The war immediately began after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. The war was ...
.
March
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor ...
**
Aston Villa
Aston Villa Football Club is a professional football club based in Aston, Birmingham, England. The club competes in the , the top tier of the English football league system. Founded in 1874, they have played at their home ground, Villa Park ...
win the
Football League Cup
The EFL Cup (referred to historically, and colloquially, as the League Cup), currently known as the Carabao Cup for sponsorship reasons, is an annual knockout competition and major trophy in men's domestic football in England. Organised by the ...
at
Wembley
Wembley () is a large suburbIn British English, "suburb" often refers to the secondary urban centres of a city. Wembley is not a suburb in the American sense, i.e. a single-family residential area outside of the city itself. in north-west Londo ...
, beating
Norwich City
Norwich City Football Club (also known as The Canaries or The Yellows) is an English professional football club based in Norwich, Norfolk. The club competes in the EFL Championship following their relegation from the Premier League in the 20 ...
1–0 in the final.
** Australian television switches to full-time colour.
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
– A Canadian parliamentary committee is televised for the first time.
*
March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
* 845 & ...
**
Algiers Accord:
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
and
Iraq
Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
announce a settlement in their border dispute.
** A bomb explodes in the Paris offices of the
Springer Press
Axel Springer SE () is a German digital and popular periodical publishing house which is the largest in Europe, with numerous multimedia news brands, such as '' Bild'', ''Die Welt'', and ''Fakt'' and more than 15,000 employees. It generated to ...
. The March 6 Group (connected to the
Red Army Faction
The Red Army Faction (RAF, ; , ),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (, , active 1970–1998), was a West German far-left Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group founded in 1970.
The ...
) demands amnesty for the
Baader-Meinhof Group
The Red Army Faction (RAF, ; , ),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (, , active 1970–1998), was a West German far-left Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group founded in 1970.
The ...
.
*
March 8
Events Pre-1600
* 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''.
*1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León.
* 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bour ...
– The
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
proclaims
International Women's Day
International Women's Day (IWD) is a global holiday celebrated annually on March 8 as a focal point in the women's rights movement, bringing attention to issues such as gender equality, reproductive rights, and violence and abuse against wom ...
.
*
March 9
Events Pre-1600
* 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.
* 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg.
* 1226 &nda ...
– Construction of the
Trans-Alaska Pipeline System
The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) is an oil transportation system spanning Alaska, including the trans-Alaska crude-oil pipeline, 11 pump stations, several hundred miles of feeder pipelines, and the Valdez Marine Terminal. TAPS is one of ...
begins.
*
March 10
Events Pre-1600
* 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
* 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a t ...
**
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
:
North Vietnam
North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
ese troops attack
Ban Mê Thuột
Ban, or BAN, may refer to:
Law
* Ban (law), a decree that prohibits something, sometimes a form of censorship, being denied from entering or using the place/item
** Imperial ban (''Reichsacht''), a form of outlawry in the medieval Holy Roman ...
,
South Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
, on their way to capturing
Saigon
, population_density_km2 = 4,292
, population_density_metro_km2 = 697.2
, population_demonym = Saigonese
, blank_name = GRP (Nominal)
, blank_info = 2019
, blank1_name = – Total
, blank1_ ...
.
** An extended portion of ''
Sanyō Shinkansen
, stylized as SANYO, is a Japanese electronics company and formerly a member of the ''Fortune'' Global 500 whose headquarters was located in Moriguchi, Osaka prefecture, Japan. Sanyo had over 230 subsidiaries and affiliates, and was founded b ...
'' between
Okayama Station
is a railway station in Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. The station is operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West).
Lines
Okayama Station is one of the major intersections of railways in the Chūgoku region. All trains conn ...
and
Hakata Station
is a major railway station in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. It is the largest and busiest railway terminal in Kyushu, and is a gateway to other cities in Kyushu for travelers coming from Honshu by rail travel. The San'yō Shinkansen from Osaka end ...
opens, thus making Shinkansen reach the second island,
Kyushu
is the third-largest island of Japan's five main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands ( i.e. excluding Okinawa). In the past, it has been known as , and . The historical regional name referred to Kyushu and its surroun ...
, Japan.
*
March 11
Events Pre-1600
* 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander.
* 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the venerati ...
– The leftist military government in Portugal defeats a rightist coup attempt in head of the former president
António de Spínola
António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spínola (generally referred to as António de Spínola, ;This surname, however, was not accompanied by the grammatical nobiliary particle "de". 11 April 1910 – 13 August 1996) was a Portuguese military off ...
.
*
March 13
Events Pre-1600
*624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh.
*1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War.
*1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
–
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
:
South Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
President
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu (; 5 April 1923 – 29 September 2001) was a South Vietnamese military officer and politician who was the president of South Vietnam from 1967 to 1975. He was a general in the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces, Republic o ...
orders the Central Highlands (Vietnam), Central Highlands evacuated. This turns into a mass exodus involving troops and civilians (the ''Convoy of Tears'').
* March 15 – In Brazil, Guanabara (state), Guanabara State merges into the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of Rio de Janeiro. The state's capital moves from the city of Niterói to the city of Rio de Janeiro.
* March 22 – ''Ding-a-dong'' by Teach-In (music by Dick Bakker, text by Will Luikinga and Eddy Ouwens) wins the 20th Eurovision Song Contest 1975 for the Netherlands.
* March 25 – King Faisal of Saudi Arabia is shot and killed by his nephew.
* March 27 – The South African government announces that it will consolidate the 113 separate homeland areas into 36.
* March 28 – A fire in the maternity wing at Kučić Hospital in Rijeka, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia (now Croatia), kills 25 people.
* March 31 – Süleyman Demirel of Justice Party (Turkey), AP forms the new government of Turkey (39th government), a four-party coalition, so-called First National Front ( tr, Milliyetçi cephe, links=no)).
April
* April 4
**
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: The first military Operation Babylift flight, C5A 80218, crashes 27 minutes after takeoff, killing 138 on board; 176 survive the crash.
** Bill Gates and Paul Allen found Microsoft in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
![Paul Allen and Bill Gates at Lakeside School in 1970](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Paul_Allen_and_Bill_Gates_at_Lakeside_School_in_1970.jpg)
* April 5 – The Soviet manned space mission (''Soyuz 18a'') ends in failure during its ascent into orbit when a critical malfunction occurs in the second and third stages of the Soyuz rocket, booster rocket during staging at an altitude of 192 km, resulting in the cosmonauts and their Soyuz spacecraft having to be ripped free from the vehicle. Both cosmonauts (Vasily Lazarev and Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov, Oleg Makarov) survive.
* April 9
** Asia's first professional basketball league, the Philippine Basketball Association, plays its first game at the Araneta Coliseum.
** Eight people in South Korea, who are involved in the People's Revolutionary Party Incident, are hanged.
![18thARVNsoldiersatxuanloc by Dirck Halstead](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/18thARVNsoldiersatxuanloc_by_Dirck_Halstead.jpg)
* April 13
** Bus massacre: The Kataeb militia kills 27 Palestinians during an attack on their bus in Ain El Remmeneh, Lebanon, triggering the Lebanese Civil War which lasts until 1990.
** A Chadian coup of 1975, coup d'état in Chad led by the military overthrows and kills President François Tombalbaye.
* April 17 – The Khmer Republic surrenders, when the Communism, Communist Khmer Rouge guerilla forces capture Phnom Penh ending the Cambodian Civil War, with mass evacuation of American troops and Cambodian civilians.
* April 18 – The Khmer Rouge begins a forcible emergency evacuation, mass evacuation of the city and starts the Khmer Rouge rule of Cambodia, genocide.
* April 19 – Nico Diederichs becomes the 3rd State President of South Africa.
[Archontology.org: A Guide for Study of Historical Offices: South Africa: Heads of State: 1961–1994](_blank)
(Accessed on April 14, 2017)
* April 20 – Taman Mini Indonesia Indah opens to the public in Jakarta, Indonesia.
* April 24 – Six
Red Army Faction
The Red Army Faction (RAF, ; , ),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (, , active 1970–1998), was a West German far-left Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group founded in 1970.
The ...
terrorists take over the West German embassy in Stockholm, take 11 hostages and demand the release of the group's jailed members; shortly after, they are captured by Swedish police (See West German Embassy siege).
* April 25 –
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: As People's Army of Vietnam, North Vietnamese Army forces close in on the
South Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
ese capital
Saigon
, population_density_km2 = 4,292
, population_density_metro_km2 = 697.2
, population_demonym = Saigonese
, blank_name = GRP (Nominal)
, blank_info = 2019
, blank1_name = – Total
, blank1_ ...
, the Australian Embassy is closed and evacuated, almost 10 years to the day since the first Australian troop commitment to South Vietnam.
* April 29 –
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: North Vietnam concludes its East Sea Campaign by capturing all of the Spratly Islands that were being held by South Vietnam.
* April 30 – The
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
ends with the Fall of Saigon: The Vietnam War concludes as Communism, Communist People's Army of Vietnam, forces from
North Vietnam
North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
take
Saigon
, population_density_km2 = 4,292
, population_density_metro_km2 = 697.2
, population_demonym = Saigonese
, blank_name = GRP (Nominal)
, blank_info = 2019
, blank1_name = – Total
, blank1_ ...
, resulting in mass evacuation of the remaining American troops and South Vietnam civilians. As the capital is taken,
South Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
surrenders unconditionally and is replaced with a temporary Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, Provisional Government.
May
* May 2 – The Khmer Rouge raids several Vietnamese towns, which eventually leads to the Cambodian–Vietnamese War.
* May 3 – West Ham United F.C., West Ham United wins the FA Cup at Wembley, beating Fulham 2–0 in the final. Both goals are scored by Alan Taylor (footballer, born 1953), Alan Taylor. West Ham legend Bobby Moore, appears for Fulham.
* May 6 – The South African government announces that it will provide all Black children with free and compulsory education.
* May 15 – Mayaguez incident: The American merchant ship ''Mayaguez'', seized by Cambodian forces, is rescued by the U.S. Navy and Marines; 38 Americans are killed.
* May 16
** Sikkim accedes to India after a referendum and abolishes the Chogyal, its monarchy.
** Junko Tabei from Japan becomes the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
* May 25 – Bobby Unser wins the Indianapolis 500 for a second time in a rain-shorted 174 lap, race.
* May 27 – The Dibbles Bridge coach crash near Grassington, North Yorkshire, UK, results in 32 deaths (the highest ever toll in a United Kingdom road accident).
* May 28 – Fifteen West African countries sign the Treaty of Lagos, creating the Economic Community of West African States.
June
* June 5
** The Suez Canal opens for the first time since the Six-Day War.
* June 6 – The Georgetown, Guyana, Georgetown Agreement, formally creating the ACP Group, is signed.
* June 7 - June 21 – The first ever Cricket World Cup, 1975 Cricket World Cup is held in England with West Indies defeating Australia in the final.
* June 9 – The Order of Australia is awarded for the first time.
* June 11 – After a referendum and seven years of military rule, modern day Greece is established as the Third Hellenic Republic, Hellenic Republic.
* June 25
** Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares The Emergency (India), a state of emergency in India, suspending civil liberties and elections.
** Mozambique gains independence from Portugal.
July
* July 1 – The Postmaster-General's Department is disaggregated into the Australian Telecommunications Commission (trading as Telstra, Telecom Australia) and the Australian Postal Commission (trading as Australia Post).
* July 4
** Zion Square refrigerator bombing. A terrorist attack in downtown Jerusalem kills 15 civilians and wounds 77.
** Sydney newspaper publisher Juanita Nielsen disappears, and is presumed to have been murdered.
* July 5 – Cape Verde gains independence after 500 years of Portuguese rule.
* July 6 – The Comoros declares and is granted its independence from France.
* July 9 – The National Assembly of Senegal passes a law that will pave way for a multi-party system (albeit highly restricted).
* July 12 – São Tomé and Príncipe declare independence from Portugal.
* July 17 – Apollo–Soyuz Test Project: A manned American Apollo spacecraft and the manned Soviet Soyuz spacecraft for the ''Soyuz 19'' mission dock in orbit, marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the 2 nations.
August
* The first Cuban forces arrive in Angola to join Soviet personnel who are there to assist the MPLA that controls less than a quarter of Angolan territory. In response, the United States, Zaire and Zambia request South Africa to provide training and support for the FNLA and UNITA forces.
* August 1 – The Helsinki Accords, which officially recognize Europe's national borders and respect for human rights, are signed in Finland.
* August 8 – The Banqiao Dam, in China's Henan Province, fails after Typhoon Nina (1975), Typhoon Nina; over 200,000 people perish.
* August 11 – Governor Mário Lemos Pires of Portuguese Timor, Portuguese East Timor abandons the capital Dili, following a Timorese Democratic Union, UDT coup and the outbreak of civil war between UDT and Fretilin.
* August 15
** Founder President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman of
Bangladesh
Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
is killed during a coup led by Major Syed Faruque Rahman.
** Some members of Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Armageddon will occur this year based on the group's chronology and some sell their houses and businesses to prepare for the new world paradise which they believe will be created when Jesus establishes God's Kingdom on Earth.
* August 20 – Viking program: NASA launches the ''Viking 1'' planetary probe toward Mars.
* August 24 – Officers responsible for the military coup in Greece in 1967 are sentenced to death in Athens. The sentences are later commuted to life imprisonment.
* August 25 – The Victoria Falls Conference (1975), Victoria Falls Conference between Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith and the United African National Council is held in a South African Railways coach on the Victoria Falls Bridge, officiated by Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda and South African Prime Minister John Vorster.
September
* September–October – In New Zealand, Māori people, Māori leader Whina Cooper leads a march of 5,000 people, in support of Maori claims to their land.
* September 5
** In Sacramento, California, Lynette Fromme Gerald Ford assassination attempt in Sacramento, attempts to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford, but is thwarted by a United States Secret Service, Secret Service agent.
** The London Hilton Hotel is bombed by the Provisional Irish Republican Army; two people are killed and 63 injured.
* September 6 – An earthquake of magnitude kills at least 2,085 in Diyarbakır and Lice, Turkey.
* September 14 – Rembrandt's painting ''The Night Watch'' is slashed a dozen times at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
* September 15 – The French department of "''Corse''", comprising the entire island of Corsica, is divided into two departments: Haute-Corse (Upper Corsica) and Corse-du-Sud (Southern Corsica).
![Flag of Papua New Guinea](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg)
* September 16
** Papua New Guinea gains its independence from Australia.
** Cape Verde, Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe join the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
.
* September 19 – General Vasco Gonçalves is ousted as Prime Minister of Portugal.
* September 20 – The term of Tuanku Al-Mutassimu Billahi Muhibbudin Sultan Abdul Halim Al-Muadzam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah, as the 5th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, ends.
* September 21 – Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Petra of Kelantan, becomes the 6th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.
* September 27 – Francoist Spain executes five ETA (separatist group), ETA and Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front, FRAP members, the Last use of capital punishment in Spain, last executions in Spain to date.
* September 30 – The Hughes Helicopters (later McDonnell-Douglas, now Boeing IDS) AH-64 Apache makes its first flight.
October
* October 1 – ''Thrilla in Manila'': Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines.
* October 14
** The South African Defence Force invades Angola during Operation Savannah (Angola), Operation Savannah in support of the National Liberation Front of Angola, FNLA and UNITA prior to the Angolan elections scheduled for November 11.
[Malan, Magnus (2006). ''My lewe saam met die SA Weermag'' (1st ed.). Pretoria: Protea Boekhuis. p. 121. .]
** An RAF Avro Vulcan bomber 1975 Żabbar Avro Vulcan crash, explodes and crashes over Żabbar, Malta after an aborted landing, killing five crew members and one person on the ground.
* October 16
** The "Balibo Five" Australian television journalists are killed at Balibo by Indonesian Army special forces in the buildup to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor.
** The last naturally occurring case of smallpox is diagnosed and treated, the victim being two-year-old Rahima Banu.
[Image caption of U.S. Centers for Disease Control]]
Public Health Image LibraryC image number 7762
* October 30 - Juan Carlos I of Spain becomes acting head of state after General Francisco Franco concedes that he is too ill to govern. His death on November 20 effectively marks the end of the dictatorship established following the Spanish Civil War and the beginning of Spain's Spanish transition to democracy, transition to democracy.
* October 31
** The Racial Discrimination Act 1975 takes effect in Australia.
** Tun Mustapha resigned as Chief Minister of Sabah, a state in Malaysia, bringing to an end speculation that he would attempt to lead secession for Sabah to become an independent nation.
November
* November 6 – The Green March begins: 300,000 unarmed Morocco, Moroccans converge on the southern city of Tarfaya and wait for a signal from King Hassan II of Morocco to cross into Western Sahara.
* November 7 – A vapor cloud explosion at a petroleum cracking facility in Geleen, Netherlands, leaves 14 dead and 109 injured, with fires lasting for five days.
* November 10
** United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379: By a vote of 72–35 (with 32 abstentions), the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
General Assembly approves a resolution equating Zionism with racism. The resolution provokes an outcry among Jews around the world. It is repealed in 1991.
** The -long freighter sinks during a storm from the entrance to Whitefish Bay on Lake Superior, killing all 29 crew members on board (an event immortalized in song by Gordon Lightfoot).
** Lev Leshchenko revives ''Den Pobedy'', one of the most popular World War II songs in the USSR.
*
November 11
Events Pre-1600
* 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, ''Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the ...
**
Angola
, national_anthem = " Angola Avante"()
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capital = Luanda
, religion =
, religion_year = 2020
, religion_ref =
, coordina ...
becomes independent from Portugal and Angolan Civil War, civil war erupts.
![Flag of Angola](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg)
**Australian constitutional crisis of 1975: Governor-General of Australia Sir John Kerr (governor-general), John Kerr controversially dismisses the Whitlam Government, Whitlam Labor Government and commissions Malcolm Fraser of the Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal/National Party of Australia, National Country Coalition (Australia), Coalition as caretaker Prime Minister of Australia, Prime Minister.
** The first annual Vogalonga rowing "race" is held in Venice, Italy.
*November 12 – The Comoros joins the United Nations.
*November 14 – Madrid Accords: Spain agrees to hand over power of the Spanish Sahara to Morocco and Mauritania by the end of February 1976.
*November 15 – The "Group of Seven#History, Group of 6" industrialized nations (G-6) is formed and helds its 1st G6 summit, 1st summit at the Château de Rambouillet in France.
*November 16 – Beginning of the Third Cod War between UK and Iceland, which lasts until June 1976.
*November 19 – The
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
approves the Clark Amendment, ending aid to the FNLA and UNITA.
*November 20 – Former California Governor Ronald Reagan enters the race for the Republican Party (United States), Republican presidential nomination, challenging incumbent President Gerald Ford.
*November 22 – Juan Carlos I of Spain, Juan Carlos is declared List of Spanish monarchs, King of Spain following the death of General Francisco Franco; he would reign until his abdication in 2014.
![Flag of Suriname](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg)
* November 25 – Suriname gains independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
* November 27 - The Jaws film is released in Australia by Steven Spielberg, based on Peter Benchley’s novel of the same name.
* November 28
** Portuguese Timor declares its independence from Portugal as East Timor.
** South African Navy Rothesay-class frigate, frigates evacuate 26 SADF members from behind enemy lines at Ambrizete, north of Luanda in Angola.
* November 29
** The name "Micro-soft" (for microcomputer software) is used by Bill Gates in a letter to Paul Allen for the first time (Microsoft becomes a registered trademark on November 26, 1976).
** While disabled, the submarine tender discharges radioactive coolant water into Apra Harbor, Guam. A Geiger counter at two of the harbor's public beaches shows 100 millirems/hour, 50 times the allowable dose.
December
* December 2 – In Laos, the Communism, communist party of the Pathet Lao takes over Vientiane and defeats the Kingdom of Laos, forcing King Sisavang Vatthana to abdicate and creating the Lao People's Democratic Republic. This ends the Laotian Civil War, with mass evacuation of American troops and Laotian civilians, but effectively begins the ongoing Insurgency in Laos with the Pathet Lao fighting the Hmong people, Royalist-in-exile and the Right-wings.
* December 3 – Wreck of (sunk by mine 1916) is found in the Kea Channel by Jacques Cousteau.
* December 7 – Indonesian invasion of East Timor: Indonesia invades East Timor; the occupation continues until 1999, when U.N. peacekeepers take over control until 2002.
* December 13
** 1975 Australian federal election: The Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal/National Party of Australia, National Country Coalition (Australia), Coalition led by Malcolm Fraser defeats the Australian constitutional crisis of 1975, recently dismissed Australian Labor Party, Labor Whitlam Government, Government led by Gough Whitlam. The Fraser Government achieves what is so far the largest parliamentary majority in federal Australian political history. Whitlam would subsequently survive a Australian Labor Party leadership spill, 1976, leadership challenge against him.
** United Nations Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness (1961) comes into effect.
* December 18 – The Algerian president Houari Boumédiène, Houari Boumediene orders the Expulsion of Moroccans from Algeria, expulsion of all Moroccans from Algeria.
* December 21 – Six people, including Carlos the Jackal, kidnap delegates of an
OPEC
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC, ) is a cartel of countries. Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquart ...
conference in Vienna.
* December 29 – A bomb explosion at LaGuardia Airport in New York City kills 11 people.
Date unknown
* The Spanish Army quits Spanish Sahara (modern-day Western Sahara), last remnant of the Spanish Empire. The Western Sahara, Sahrawi Republic (RASD) is created. Morocco invades the former territory.
* The government of Colombia announces the finding of Ciudad Perdida.
* Benoit Mandelbrot coins the mathematical term ''fractal''.
* Victoria (Australia) abolishes capital punishment.
* South Australia becomes the first Australian state to decriminalize homosexual acts between consenting adults.
* The first monster truck, Bigfoot (truck), Bigfoot, is created by Bob Chandler.
World population
Births
January
![Preity Zinta by Ash Gupta](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Preity_Zinta_by_Ash_Gupta.jpg)
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
** Sonali Bendre, Indian actress
** Eiichiro Oda, Japanese manga artist
*
January 2
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor.
* 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empi ...
** Dax Shepard, American actor
** Oleksandr Shovkovskiy, Ukrainian footballer
** Vladyslav Vashchuk, Ukrainian footballer
** Robert Westerholt, Dutch musician
* January 3
** Danica McKellar, American actress and education advocate
** Jason Marsden, American actor
** Thomas Bangalter, French musician and record producer
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
*1675 – Battle of Turckh ...
– Bradley Cooper, American actor
* January 6
** Yukana, Japanese voice actress
** Ricardo Santos (beach volleyball), Ricardo Santos, Brazilian beach volleyball player
* January 11 – Matteo Renzi, 56th Prime Minister of Italy
* January 13 – Andrew Yang, American entrepreneur, founder of Venture for America, and 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2020 Democratic presidential candidate
*
January 15
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months.
* 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...
– Mary Pierce, French tennis player
* January 17 – Tony Brown (rugby union), Tony Brown, New Zealand rugby union footballer
* January 23 – Tito Ortiz, American mixed martial arts fighter
* January 25
** Mia Kirshner, Canadian actress
** Tim Montgomery, American athlete
* January 28
** Tanya Chua, Singapore singer
** Hiroshi Kamiya, Japanese voice actor and singer
* January 29 – Sara Gilbert, American actress
* January 31 – Preity Zinta, Indian actress and entrepreneur
February
![Gary Neville crop](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Gary_Neville_crop.jpg)
* February 1 – Big Boi, American rapper
* February 2
** Todd Bertuzzi, Canadian hockey player
** Ieroklis Stoltidis, Greek footballer
* February 3 – Brad Thorn, New Zealand-Australian rugby player
*
February 4
Events Pre–1600
* 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...
– Natalie Imbruglia, Australian actress and singer
*
February 9
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
* 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland.
* 1539 – The first recorded race is hel ...
– Vladimir Guerrero, Dominican baseball player
* February 10 – Hiroki Kuroda, Japanese baseball pitcher
* February 14 – Malik Zidi, French actor
* February 17
** Harisu, South Korean singer, model and actress
** Todd Harvey, Canadian hockey player
** Kaspars Astašenko, Latvian ice hockey player (d. 2012)
** Václav Prospal, Czech hockey player
* February 18
** Igor Dodon, President of Moldova
** Keith Gillespie, Northern Irish footballer
** Gary Neville, English footballer
* February 19 – Mohamed Aly (boxer), Mohamed Aly, Egyptian boxer
* February 20 – Brian Littrell, American pop singer
* February 22 – Drew Barrymore, American actress and film producer
* February 23
** Wilfred Kigen, Wilfred Kibet Kigen, Kenyan long-distance runner
** Callan Mulvey, New Zealand-born Australian actor
* February 25 – Chelsea Handler, American comedian and television host
March
![Fergie Washington D](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Fergie_Washington_D.C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg)
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor ...
** Maya Kulenovic, Canadian painter
** Valentina Monetta, Sammarinese singer
* March 3
**Khadaffy Janjalani, Filipino terrorist
**Patric Chiha, Austrian film director and screenwriter
* March 5 – Jolene Blalock, American actress
*
March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
* 845 & ...
– Aracely Arámbula, Mexican actress, singer and model
*
March 9
Events Pre-1600
* 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.
* 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg.
* 1226 &nda ...
** Roy Makaay, Dutch footballer
** Lisa Miskovsky, Swedish musician
*
March 10
Events Pre-1600
* 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
* 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a t ...
– Jamie Arnold (basketball), Jamie Arnold, American-Israeli basketball player
*
March 11
Events Pre-1600
* 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander.
* 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the venerati ...
** Buvaisar Saitiev, Chechen wrestler
** David Cañada, Spanish cyclist (d. 2016)
* March 12 – Kéllé Bryan, English singer
* March 15
** Eva Longoria, American actress
** Veselin Topalov, Bulgarian chess player
** will.i.am, American rapper and singer
* March 17
** Natalie Zea, American actress
** Puneeth Rajkumar, Indian actor, singer, and producer (d. 2021)
* March 18 – Sutton Foster, American actress
* March 19
** Vivian Hsu, Taiwanese singer, actress and model
** Le Jingyi, Chinese swimmer
* March 21
** Fabricio Oberto, Argentinian-Italian basketball player
* Mark Williams (snooker player), Mark Williams, Welsh professional snooker player
* March 22 – Guillermo Díaz (actor), Guillermo Díaz, American actor
* March 25
** Ladislav Benýšek, Czech ice hockey player
** Melanie Blatt, English singer
* March 27 – Fergie (singer), Fergie, American singer and actress
* March 28 – Richard Kelly (director), Richard Kelly, American director
* March 29 – Jan Bos, Dutch speed skater
April
![Johnny Galecki by Gage Skidmore](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Johnny_Galecki_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg)
* April 2
** Nate Huffman, American basketball player (d. 2015)
** Pedro Pascal, Chilean-American actor
** Adam Rodriguez, American actor
* April 3 – Koji Uehara, Japanese baseball pitcher
* April 4 – Delphine Arnault, French businesswoman and entrepreneur
* April 5
** John Hartson, Welsh footballer
** Juicy J, American rapper, songwriter, and record producer
* April 6
** Zach Braff, American actor
** Sónia Lopes, Cape Verdean runner
* April 8 – Anouk (singer), Anouk, Dutch singer-songwriter and producer
* April 9 – Robbie Fowler, English footballer
* April 10 – David Harbour, American actor
* April 11 – Dariusz Kozubek, Polish footballer
* April 13 – Jasey-Jay Anderson, Canadian snowboarder
* April 14
** Lita (wrestler), Amy Dumas, American professional wrestler
** Stefano Miceli, Italian conductor and pianist
** Anderson Silva, Brazilian UFC fighter
* April 15 – Paul Dana, American racing driver (d. 2006)
* April 16 – Sean Maher, American actor
* April 17 – Lee Hyun-il, South Korean badminton player
* April 21 – Danyon Loader, New Zealand swimmer
* April 22
** Greg Moore (racing driver), Greg Moore, Canadian racing driver (d. 1999)
** Carlos Sastre, Spanish road bicycle racer
* April 26 – Joey Jordison, American metal drummer (d. 2021)
* April 27 – Kazuyoshi Funaki, Japanese ski jumper
* April 30
** Johnny Galecki, Belgian-born American actor
May
![Jamie Oliver (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Jamie_Oliver_%28cropped%29.jpg)
* May 1 – Marc-Vivien Foé, Cameroonian footballer (d. 2003)
* May 2
** David Beckham, English footballer
** Ahmed Hassan (footballer, born 1975), Ahmed Hassan, Egyptian footballer
* May 3
** Andreea Bibiri, Romanian actress and theatre director
** Christina Hendricks, American actress
* May 7 – Jason Tunks, Canadian discus thrower
* May 8
** Enrique Iglesias, Spanish singer
** Jussi Markkanen, Finnish hockey player
* May 9 – Chris Diamantopoulos, Canadian actor
* May 10
** Hazem Emam, Egyptian footballer
** Hélio Castroneves, Brazilian racing driver
* May 12
** Jonah Lomu, New Zealand rugby player (d. 2015)
** Jared Polis, American politician, 43rd Governor of Colorado
* May 13 – Itatí Cantoral, Mexican actress
* May 15
** Ray Lewis, American football player
** Janne Seurujärvi, Sámi people, Finnish Sami politician, and the first Sami ever to be elected to the Parliament of Finland, Finnish Parliament.
* May 16
** Tony Kakko, Finnish singer
** Simon Whitfield, Canadian triathlete
* May 18
** John Higgins, Scottish snooker player
** Jack Johnson (musician), Jack Johnson, American singer-songwriter
** Irina Karavayeva, Russian trampolinist
* May 19
** Jonas Renkse, Swedish musician
** Dorit Bar Or, Israeli actress
** Masanobu Ando, Japanese actor
** Zhang Ning, Chinese badminton player
* May 20
** Al Bano, Italian singer
** Tahmoh Penikett, Canadian actor
* May 21 – Anthony Mundine, Australian rugby league player and boxer
* May 22 – Janne Niinimaa, Finnish hockey player
* May 25
** Keiko Fujimori, Peruvian politician
** Lauryn Hill, American singer
* May 27
** André 3000, American musician, record producer, and actor
** Jamie Oliver, English chef, restaurateur and television personality
* May 28 – Charmaine Sheh, Hong Kong actress
* May 29
** David Burtka, American actor and professional chef
** Mel B, English singer, songwriter, rapper, television personality, actress and author
** Daniel Tosh, American comedian
* May 31 – Toni Nieminen, Finnish ski jumper
June
![Tobey Maguire 2014](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Tobey_Maguire_2014.jpg)
* June 1 – Nikol Pashinyan, Armenian politician, Prime Minister of Armenia
* June 4
** Russell Brand, English actor and comedian
** Angelina Jolie, American actress
* June 7
** Shane Bond, New Zealand fast bowler
** Allen Iverson, American basketball player
** Ekta Kapoor, Indian actress
* June 8 – Shilpa Shetty, Bollywood actress
* June 9
** Andrew Symonds, British-born Australian cricketer (d. 2022)
** Ameesha Patel, Indian actress and model
* June 11 – Choi Ji-woo, South Korean actress and model
* June 15 – Elizabeth Reaser, American actress
* June 16 – Anabel Conde, Spanish singer
* June 18 – Martin St. Louis, Canadian hockey player
* June 19
** Oksana Chusovitina, German artistic gymnast
** Anthony Parker, American basketball player
** Ed Coode, British rower
* June 23 – KT Tunstall, Scottish singer-songwriter
* June 24 – Christie Pearce, American footballer
* June 25
** Linda Cardellini, American actress
** Natasha Klauss, Colombian actress
** Vladimir Kramnik, Russian chess player
* June 26 – Florence Loiret Caille, French actress
* June 27
** Mufti Menk, Zimbabwean Muslim cleric and Mufti
** Tobey Maguire, American actor
** Mosese Rauluni, Fijian rugby union footballer
* June 28
** Jeff Geddis, Canadian film and television actor
** Ning Baizura, Malaysian singer
** Jon Nödtveidt, Swedish singer (d. 2006)
* June 29 – Mime Gopi, Indian actor
* June 30
** James Bannatyne, New Zealand footballer
** Ralf Schumacher, German racing driver
** Angela Tong, Hong Kong actress
July
![Soorya sivakumar](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Soorya_sivakumar.jpg)
* July 1 – Sufjan Stevens, American musician
* July 2 – Stefan Terblanche, South African rugby union player
* July 3 – Ryan McPartlin, American actor
* July 4 – John Lloyd Young, American actor and singer
* July 5
** Zander de Bruyn, South African cricketer
** Hernán Crespo, Argentinian footballer
** Surya Saputra, Indonesian actor, singer, and model
** Alberto Castillo (pitcher), Alberto Castillo, Cuban baseball pitcher
** Ai Sugiyama, Japanese tennis player
* July 6
** Sebastián Rulli, Argentine actor and model
** Alessandro Juliani, Canadian actor and singer
* July 7
** João Bosco Cabral, Timorese footballer
** Khaled Gahwji, Saudi football player
** Nina Hoss, German actress
* July 8
** Amara (singer), Amara, Indonesian actress, model, and singer
** Elias Viljanen, Finnish musician
** Régis Laconi, French motorcycle racer
* July 9
** Shelton Benjamin, American professional wrestler
** Damián Szifron, Argentine director and screenwriter
** Robert Koenig (filmmaker), Robert Koenig, American film director and producer
** Jack White, American singer and guitarist
* July 10
** Martina Colombari, Italian actress, model and television presenter
** Edoardo Gabbriellini, Italian actor, screenwriter, and director
** Alain Nasreddine, Canadian ice hockey player
** Stefán Karl Stefánsson, Icelandic actor (d. 2018)
* July 12 - Cheyenne Jackson, American actor and singer
* July 15 – K Brosas, Filipino actress, comedian, singer and television host
* July 16 – Edoardo Gabbriellini, Italian actor, screenwriter, and director
* July 17
** Cécile de France, Belgian actress
** Darude, Finnish DJ and record producer
** Elena Anaya, Spanish actress
** Terence Tao, Australian-American mathematician
* July 18 – Daron Malakian, Armenian-American guitarist
* July 19 – Kamijo (musician), Kamijo, Japanese singer-songwriter, musician, and music producer
* July 20
** Judy Greer, American actress and author
** Ray Allen, American basketball player
* July 21
**David Dastmalchian, American actor
**Fredrik Johansson (musician), Fredrik Johansson, Swedish musician
* July 23 – Suriya, Indian actor
* July 25
** Håvard Ellefsen, Norwegian musician
** Evgeni Nabokov, Kazakh-Russian hockey goaltender
* July 26 – Liz Truss, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom September/October 2022
* July 27 – Alex Rodriguez, American baseball player
August
![Dante Basco (37456986084)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Dante_Basco_%2837456986084%29.jpg)
* August 1 – Danny Chan Kwok-kwan, Hong Kong actor
* August 3 – Yoyo Mung, Hong Kong actress
* August 4 – Jason Crump, Australian motorcycle speedway rider
** Eicca Toppinen, Finnish cellist
* August 7
** Gaahl (Kristian Eivind Espedal), Norwegian musician
** Megan Gale, Australian model and actress
** Charlize Theron, South African-born American actress
* August 9 – Mahesh Babu, Indian actor
* August 12 – Casey Affleck, American actor and film director
* August 13 – Shoaib Akhtar, Pakistani fast bowler
* August 15 – Kara Wolters, American basketball player
* August 16 – Taika Waititi, New Zealand filmmaker, actor, and comedian
* August 18 – Kaitlin Olson, American actress
* August 22 – Rodrigo Santoro, Brazilian actor
* August 29 – Dante Basco, American film, television and voice actor
* August 30 - Radhi Jaidi, Tunisian footballer
* August 31 – Sara Ramirez, Mexican-American actress
September
![Marion Cotillard César 2018](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Marion_Cotillard_C%C3%A9sar_2018.jpg)
* September 1
** Sarah Mintz, Maritza Rodríguez, Colombian actress and model
** Natalie Bassingthwaighte, Australian actress and singer
** Elvira Rahić, Bosnian singer
** Scott Speedman, Canadian actor
* September 3 – Redfoo, American disc jockey
* September 4 – Mark Ronson, English DJ, record producer, and singer
* September 6 – Ryoko Tani, Japanese judoka
* September 7 – Renato Sobral, Brazilian martial artist
* September 9 – Michael Bublé, Canadian musician
* September 13
** Peter Ho, American-Taiwanese singer and actor
** Idan Tal, Israeli footballer
* September 16 – Gal Fridman, Israeli windsurfer
* September 17 – Jimmie Johnson, American race car driver
* September 18 – Jason Sudeikis, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter
* September 20
** Asia Argento, Italian actress, singer, and director
** Moon Bloodgood, American actress
* September 22 – Ethan Moreau, Canadian hockey player
* September 23 – Kim Dong-moon, South Korean badminton player
* September 25 – Matt Hasselbeck, American football player
* September 28 – Ana Brnabić, Prime Minister of Serbia
* September 30
** Marion Cotillard, French actress, singer, songwriter, and musician
** Ta-Nehisi Coates, American author and journalist
** Georges-Alain Jones, French singer
October
![Alanna Ubach on Dulce Osuna](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Alanna_Ubach_on_Dulce_Osuna.jpg)
* October 1 – Bimba Bosé, Spanish model, actress and singer (d. 2017)
* October 3 – Alanna Ubach, American actress and singer
* October 5
** Kate Winslet, British actress
** Gao Yuanyuan, Chinese actress
** Parminder Nagra, British actress
* October 9 – Sean Lennon, British-American musician, songwriter, producer and multi-instrumentalist
* October 10 – Ihsahn, Norwegian musician
* October 14
** Floyd Landis, American cyclist
** Shaznay Lewis, English singer
* October 15 – Michél Mazingu-Dinzey, German-Congolese footballer
* October 16
** Alexandra Barreto, American actress
** Jacques Kallis, South African cricketer
* October 21
** Henrique Hilário, Portuguese footballer
** Madchild, Canadian rapper
* October 22 – Jesse Tyler Ferguson, American actor
* October 23 – Odalys García, Cuban actress
* October 25 – Zadie Smith, English writer
* October 27 – Aron Ralston, American outdoorsman, mechanical engineer and motivational speaker
* October 28 – Krisztián Zahorecz, Hungarian football player (d. 2019)
* October 30 – Ian D'Sa, Canadian guitarist
* October 31 – Director X, Canadian music video director
November
![Lezak speaking in 2016](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Lezak_speaking_in_2016.jpg)
* November 2
** Zhang Ouying, Chinese footballer (d. 2018)
** Danny Cooksey, American actor and comedian
* November 3 – Marta Domínguez, Spanish athlete
* November 4
** Éric Fichaud, Canadian hockey player
** Lorenzen Wright, American basketball player (d. 2010)
* November 5
** Lisa Scott-Lee, Welsh singer
** Jamie Spaniolo (Jamie Madrox), American rapper
* November 7 – Marcus Luttrell, American U.S. Navy Seal
* November 8
** Ángel Corella, Spanish dancer
** Tara Reid, American actress
* November 10 – Markko Märtin, Estonian racing driver
*
November 11
Events Pre-1600
* 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, ''Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the ...
** Daisuke Ohata, Japanese rugby union player
** Angélica Vale, Mexican-American actress, singer, and comedian
* November 12 – Jason Lezak, American swimmer
* November 14
** Faye Tozer, English singer
** Gary Vaynerchuk, American-Belarusians, Belarusian entrepreneur and internet personality
* November 16 – Julio Lugo, Dominican baseball player
* November 18
** Neal E. Boyd, American singer and reality show winner (''America's Got Talent (season 3), America's Got Talent'') (d. 2018)
** Anthony McPartlin, British TV presenter, actor and singer
** David Ortiz, Dominican-American baseball player
* November 19 – Sushmita Sen, Indian actress and model, former Miss Universe.
* November 20
** Dierks Bentley, American country music singer
** Joshua Gomez, American actor
* November 21
** Cherie Johnson, American actress
** Chris Moneymaker, American poker player
** Aaron Solowoniuk, Canadian drummer
* November 22 – Michael Cohen (actor), Michael Cohen, Canadian actor and writer
* November 24 – Lee Wan Wah, Malaysian badminton player
* November 26 – DJ Khaled, American DJ, record executive, songwriter, record producer and media personality
* November 28 – Eka Kurniawan, Indonesian writer
* November 30
** Mindy McCready, American country music singer (d. 2013)
** Ben Thatcher, Welsh footballer
December
![Tiger Woods in May 2019](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Tiger_Woods_in_May_2019.jpg)
* December 3 – Csaba Czébely, Hungarian drummer
* December 5
** Sofi Marinova, Bulgarian singer
** Ronnie O'Sullivan, British snooker player
** Paula Patton, American actress
* December 6 – Ashin, Taiwanese singer
* December 8 – Kevin Harvick, American race car driver
* December 10 – Emmanuelle Chriqui, Canadian actress
* December 12
** Mayim Bialik, Israeli-American actress and neuroscientist
** Houko Kuwashima, Japanese voice actress
* December 13 – Tom DeLonge, American musician, author, and UFOlogist
* December 17
** Tim Clark (golfer), Tim Clark, South African golfer
** Nick Dinsmore, American professional wrestler
** Susanthika Jayasinghe, Sri Lankan athlete
** Hilje Murel, Estonian actress
** Milla Jovovich, Ukrainian-born American actress and model
* December 18
** Sia, Australian singer-songwriter and music video director
** Trish Stratus, Canadian professional wrestler and model
* December 20 – Bartosz Bosacki, Polish footballer
* December 21
** Paloma Herrera, Argentine ballet dancer
** Charles Michel, Belgian politician, 51st Prime Minister of Belgium and President of the European Council
* December 23 – Vadim Sharifijanov, Russian ice hockey player
* December 26
** Ed Stafford, English explorer
** Marcelo Ríos, Chilean tennis player
* December 27 – Heather O'Rourke, American child actress (d. 1988)
* December 29 – Shawn Hatosy, American actor
* December 30 – Tiger Woods, American golfer
Deaths
January
![Gral](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gral._Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla.jpg)
* January 3 – Victor Kraft, Austrian philosopher (b. 1880)
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
*1675 – Battle of Turckh ...
– Gottlob Berger, German Nazi senior official (b. 1896)
* January 9 – Pierre Fresnay, French actor (b. 1897)
* January 14 – Georgi Traykov, former head of List of heads of state of Bulgaria, State of Bulgaria as Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly (b. 1898)
* January 17 – Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, 19th President of Colombia (b. 1900)
*
January 19
Events Pre-1600
* 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
* 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...
– Thomas Hart Benton (painter), Thomas Hart Benton, American artist (b. 1889)
* January 23 – Prince Karl Franz of Prussia (b. 1916)
*
January 24
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.
* 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt.
*1438 – The Cou ...
– Larry Fine, American actor and comedian (b. 1902)
* January 27
** Antonín Novotný, Czechoslovak Communist leader and 7th President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1904)
** Bill Walsh (producer), Bill Walsh, American film producer and writer (b. 1913)
* January 28 – Ola Raknes, Norwegian psychoanalyst and philologist (b. 1887)
February
![PGWodehouse](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/PGWodehouse.jpg)
* February 3 – Umm Kulthum, Egyptian actress and singer (b. 1898)
*
February 4
Events Pre–1600
* 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...
– Louis Jordan, American musician (b. 1908)
* February 8
** Robert Robinson (organic chemist), Robert Robinson, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1886)
** Jan Mukařovský, Czech literary, linguistic and aesthetic theorist. (b. 1891)
* February 10 – Dave Alexander (musician), Dave Alexander, American musician (b. 1947)
* February 14
** Sir Julian Huxley, British biologist (b. 1887)
** Sir P. G. Wodehouse, English writer (b. 1881)
* February 16 – Morgan Taylor, American Olympic athlete (b. 1903)
* February 17 – Hugo Österman, Finnish general (b. 1892)
* February 18 – Chivu Stoica, Romanian Communist politician, 48th Prime Minister of Romania and head of State (b. 1908)
* February 19 – Luigi Dallapiccola, Italian composer (b. 1904)
* February 22 – Lionel Tertis, English violist (b. 1876)
* February 24 – Nikolai Bulganin, Premier of the Soviet Union (b. 1895)
* February 25 – Elijah Muhammad, American Nation of Islam leader (b. 1897)
March
![Susan Hayward - 1940s](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Susan_Hayward_-_1940s.jpg)
* March 2 – Madeleine Vionnet, French fashion designer (b. 1876)
* March 3 – Therese Giehse, German actress (b. 1898)
*
March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
* 845 & ...
– Glenn Hardin, American athlete (b. 1910)
* March 7 – Mikhail Bakhtin, Russian philosopher and literary scholar (b. 1895)
*
March 8
Events Pre-1600
* 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''.
*1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León.
* 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bour ...
** Joseph Bech, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1887)
** George Stevens, American director, producer and cinematographer (b. 1904)
*
March 9
Events Pre-1600
* 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.
* 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg.
* 1226 &nda ...
– Shirley Ross, American actress and singer (b. 1913)
*
March 11
Events Pre-1600
* 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander.
* 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the venerati ...
– Margarita Fischer, German silent film actress (b. 1886)
*
March 13
Events Pre-1600
*624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh.
*1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War.
*1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
– Ivo Andrić, Serbo-Croatian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
* March 14 – Susan Hayward, American actress (b. 1917)
* March 15 – Aristotle Onassis, Greek shipping magnate (b. 1906)
* March 16 – T-Bone Walker, American blues performer (b. 1910)
* March 19 – Harry Lachman, American set designer and film director (b. 1886)
* March 20 – Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia (b. 1908)
* March 21 - Joe Medwick, American baseball player and manager (b. 1911)
* March 25
** King Faisal of Saudi Arabia (b. 1906)
** Michèle Girardon, French actress (b. 1938)
* March 27 – Sir Arthur Bliss, British composer and Master of the Queen's Music (b. 1891)
* March 30 – Boots Adams, American business magnate, president of Phillips Petroleum Company (b. 1899)
April
![Chiang Kai-shek Colour](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Chiang_Kai-shek_Colour.jpg)
* April 5
** Chiang Kai-shek, Chinese nationalist general and politician, 1st President of the Republic of China (b. 1887)
** Harold Osborn, American Olympic athlete (b. 1899)
** Victor Marijnen, Dutch politician and jurist, 40th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1917)
* April 10
** Walker Evans, American photographer (b. 1903)
** Marjorie Main, American actress (b. 1890)
* April 12 – Josephine Baker, France entertainer, activist (b. 1906)
* April 14 – Fredric March, American actor (b. 1897)
* April 17 – Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Indian philosopher and politician, 2nd President of India (b. 1888)
* April 23 - William Hartnell, English actor (b. 1908)
* April 24 – Pete Ham, Welsh singer, songwriter and guitarist (b. 1947)
* April 30
** Lê Nguyên Vỹ, South Vietnamese Army general (b. 1933)
** Lê Văn Hưng, South Vietnamese Army general (b. 1933)
** Nguyễn Khoa Nam, South Vietnamese Army general (b. 1927)
** Phạm Văn Phú, South Vietnamese Army general (b. 1927)
May
![Avery Brundage 1964](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Avery_Brundage_1964.jpg)
* May 1 – Trần Văn Hai, South Vietnamese Army general (b. 1927)
* May 4 – Moe Howard, American actor and comedian (b. 1897)
* May 8 – Avery Brundage, American administrator, 5th President of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1887)
* May 9 – Philip Dorn, Dutch actor (b. 1901)
* May 14 – Ernst Alexanderson, Swedish-born American television pioneer (b. 1878)
* May 18
** Leroy Anderson, American composer (b. 1908)
** Aníbal Troilo, Argentine tango musician (b. 1914)
* May 20 – Barbara Hepworth, Dame Barbara Hepworth, English sculptor and artist (b. 1903)
* May 22
** Lefty Grove, American baseball player (b. 1900)
** Torben Meyer, Danish actor (b. 1884)
* May 28
** Ezzard Charles, American boxer, former World Heavyweight Champion (b. 1921)
** Lung Chien, Chinese screenwriter and film director (b. 1916)
* May 30
** Steve Prefontaine, American distance runner (b. 1951)
** Michel Simon, Swiss actor (b. 1895)
June
![Eisaku Sato 1960](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Eisaku_Sato_1960.jpg)
* June 3
** Eisaku Satō, Japanese politician, Prime Minister of Japan, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1901)
** Ozzie Nelson, American actor, director and producer (b. 1906)
* June 4 – Evelyn Brent, American actress (b. 1899)
* June 9 – Albert Spencer, 7th Earl Spencer, British aristocrat (b. 1898)
* June 12 – Rafael Arévalo Martínez, Guatemalan writer (b. 1884)
* June 13 – José María Guido, 33rd President of Argentina (b. 1910)
* June 15 – William Austin (actor), William Austin, English actor (b. 1884)
* June 18 – Hugo Bergmann, German and Israeli Jewish philosopher (b. 1883)
* June 27 – G. I. Taylor, British physicist, mathematician and expert on fluid dynamics and wave theory (b. 1886)
* June 28 – Rod Serling, American television screenwriter and narrator (b. 1924)
* June 29 – Tim Buckley, American singer-songwriter (b. 1947)
July
![Konstantine Gamsakhurdia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Konstantine_Gamsakhurdia.jpg)
* July 2 – James Robertson Justice, British actor (b. 1907)
* July 4 – Luigi Carlo Borromeo, Italian Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1893)
* July 10 – Achille Van Acker, 33rd Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1898)
* July 14 – Madan Mohan (music director), Madan Mohan, Indian music director (b. 1924)
* July 17 – Konstantine Gamsakhurdia, Georgian writer and public benefactor (b. 1893)
* July 19 – Lefty Frizzell, American singer (b. 1928)
* July 21 – Billy West (silent film actor), Billy West, American actor (b. 1892)
* July 23 – Emlen Tunnell, American football player and coach (b. 1924)
* July 30 – James Blish, American science fiction and fantasy writer (b. 1921)
August
![Haile Selassie in full dress (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Haile_Selassie_in_full_dress_%28cropped%29.jpg)
* August 3
** Andreas Embirikos, Greek poet (b. 1901)
** Jack Molinas, American basketball player (b. 1931)
* August 9 – Dmitri Shostakovich, Soviet and Russian composer (b. 1906)
* August 11
** Rachel Katznelson-Shazar, Zionist political figure and wife of third President of Israel (b. 1885)
** Anthony McAuliffe, American general (b. 1898)
* August 15 – Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, 2nd Prime Minister of Bangladesh and 1st and 4th President of Bangladesh (b. 1920)
* August 16 – Vladimir Kuts, Soviet runner (b. 1927)
* August 17 – Sig Arno, German actor (b. 1895)
* August 19
** Mark Donohue, American race car driver (b. 1937)
** Ima Hogg, American society leader, philanthropist, patron and collector of the arts (b. 1882)
** Frank Shields, American tennis player (b. 1909)
* August 23 – Sidney Buchman, American screenwriter (b. 1902)
* August 25 – Joseph Kane, American film director and producer (b. 1894)
* August 26 – Cullen Landis, American actor (b. 1896)
* August 27 – Haile Selassie, Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1892)
* August 28 – Fritz Wotruba, Austrian sculptor (b. 1907)
* August 29
**Charles C. Bass, American physician and medical researcher (b. 1875)
**Éamon de Valera, Irish politician and statesman, 3rd President of Ireland and 3-time Taoiseach (b. 1882)
September
![Saint-John Perse 1960](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Saint-John_Perse_1960.jpg)
* September 5 – Alice Catherine Evans, American microbiologist (b. 1881)
* September 9
** Minta Durfee, American actress (b. 1889)
** Ethel Griffies, British actress (b. 1878)
* September 10 – Sir George Paget Thomson, British physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
* September 15 – Pavel Sukhoi, Soviet aerospace engineer, twice Hero of Socialist Labour (b. 1895)
* September 19 – Pamela Brown (actress), Pamela Brown, English actress (b. 1917)
* September 20 – Saint-John Perse, French diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)
* September 23 – Ian Hunter (actor), Ian Hunter, British actor (b. 1900)
* September 26 – C. H. Waddington, British biologist, paleontologist, geneticist and philosopher (b. 1905)
* September 27
** Mark Frechette, American actor (b. 1947)
** Jack Lang (Australian politician), Jack Lang, Australian politician (b. 1876)
* September 29 – Casey Stengel, American baseball player and manager (b. 1890)
October
![Gustav Hertz](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Gustav_Hertz.jpg)
* October 3 – Guy Mollet, 94th Prime Minister of France (b. 1905)
* October 4 – May Sutton, American tennis champion (b. 1886)
* October 10 – Norman Levinson, American mathematician (b. 1912)
* October 22 – Arnold J. Toynbee, English historian (b. 1889)
* October 27
** Peregrino Anselmo, Uruguayan football player (b. 1902)
** Rex Stout, American author (b. 1886)
* October 28 – Georges Carpentier, French boxer (b. 1894)
* October 30 – Gustav Ludwig Hertz, German physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)
November
![Franco0001](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Franco0001.PNG)
* November 1 – C. S. Wright, Canadian explorer (b. 1887)
* November 2 – Pier Paolo Pasolini, Italian film director (b. 1922)
* November 4 – Francis Dvornik, Czech historian (b. 1893)
* November 5
** Annette Kellerman, Australian swimmer and actress (b. 1887)
** Lionel Trilling, American literary critic (b. 1905)
* November 13 – R. C. Sherriff, English writer (b. 1896)
* November 17 – Kay Johnson, American actress (b. 1904)
* November 20 – Francisco Franco, Spanish general and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1892)
* November 29
** Tony Brise, English racing driver (b. 1952)
** Graham Hill, English racing driver (b. 1929)
December
![Bernard-Herrmann](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Bernard-Herrmann.jpg)
* December 4 – Hannah Arendt, German political theorist (b. 1906)
* December 7 – Thornton Wilder, American playwright (b. 1897)
* December 8 – Plínio Salgado, Brazilian politician and writer (b. 1895)
* December 9 – William A. Wellman, American film director (b. 1896)
* December 10 – Boy Charlton, Andrew "Boy" Charlton, Australian Olympic swimmer (b. 1907)
* December 12 – Saadi Al Munla, 4th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1890)
* December 14 – Arthur Treacher, English actor (b. 1894)
* December 15
** Alex Aronson, Jewish-Dutch aid worker (b. 1934)
** Shigeyoshi Inoue, Japanese admiral (b. 1889)
* December 17 – Noble Sissle, American jazz composer (b. 1889)
* December 18 – Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ukrainian-American geneticist and evolutionary biologist (b. 1900)
* December 19 – René Maheu, French professor and administrator, 6th Director-General of UNESCO (b. 1905)
* December 20 – William Lundigan, American actor (b. 1914)
* December 21 – Rowland V. Lee, American film director (b. 1891)
* December 24 – Bernard Herrmann, American composer (b. 1911)
* December 30 – Elene Akhvlediani, Soviet painter (b. 1901)
Date unknown
* Sisowath Monireth, 3rd Prime Minister of Cambodia (b. 1909)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Aage Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson, James Rainwater
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin
* Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Eugenio Montale
* Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Andrei Sakharov, Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov
* Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Economics – Leonid Kantorovich, Tjalling Koopmans
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:1975
1975,