HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

It was also declared the ''
International Women's Year International Women's Year (IWY) was the name given to 1975 by the United Nations. Since that year March 8 has been celebrated as International Women's Day, and the United Nations Decade for Women, from 1976 to 1985, was also established. Histo ...
'' by the
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe.


Events


January

*
January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
-
Watergate scandal The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration's contin ...
(United States): John N. Mitchell,
H. R. Haldeman Harry Robbins Haldeman (October 27, 1926 – November 12, 1993) was an American political aide and businessman, best known for his service as White House Chief of Staff to President Richard Nixon and his consequent involvement in the Watergate s ...
and
John Ehrlichman John Daniel Ehrlichman (; March 20, 1925 – February 14, 1999) was an American political aide who served as the White House Counsel and Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs under President Richard Nixon. Ehrlichman was an important i ...
are found guilty of the Watergate cover-up. * January 2 ** The
Federal Rules of Evidence First adopted in 1975, the Federal Rules of Evidence codify the evidence law that applies in United States federal courts. In addition, many states in the United States have either adopted the Federal Rules of Evidence, with or without local v ...
are approved by the
United States Congress The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
. **
Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
revolutionary leader
Siraj Sikder Siraj Sikder (27 October 1944 – 2 January 1975) was a Bangladeshi revolutionary politician. Early life Sikder was born on 27 October 1944 in Bhedarganj, Shariatpur District, East Bengal. His father was Abdur Razzaq Sikder, and belonged to ...
is killed by police while in custody. ** A bomb blast at
Samastipur Samastipur is a city and a municipal corporation (nagar nigam) in Bihar, India. It is the headquarter of Samastipur district and comes under Darbhanga division. The Budhi Gandak river flows through the town. It is one of the five railway divisi ...
, Bihar, India, fatally wounds
Lalit Narayan Mishra Lalit Narayan Mishra (2 February 1923 – 3 January 1975) was an Indian politician who served as Minister of Railways in the government of India from 1973 to 1975. He was brought into politics by the first Chief Minister of Bihar, Krishna Sinh ...
, Minister of Railways. *
January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
Tasman Bridge disaster The Tasman Bridge disaster occurred on the evening of 5 January 1975, in Hobart, the capital city of Australia's island state of Tasmania, when the bulk carrier ''Lake Illawarra'', travelling up the Derwent River, collided with several pylon ...
: The
Tasman Bridge The Tasman Bridge is a bridge that carries the Tasman Highway over the Derwent River in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Including approaches, the bridge has a total length of and it provides the main traffic route from the Hobart city centre ( ...
in Hobart,
Tasmania ) , nickname = , image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdi ...
, Australia, is struck by the bulk ore carrier , killing 12 people. * January 7OPEC agrees to raise crude oil prices by 10%. * January 10
February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. *1539 – The first recorded race is held ...
– The flight of '' Soyuz 17'' with the crew of Georgy Grechko and Aleksei Gubarev aboard the '' Salyut 4'' space station. * January 15Alvor Agreement: Portugal announces that it will grant independence to
Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...
on
November 11 Events Pre-1600 * 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, ''Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the ...
. *
January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrend ...
– The 6.8 Kinnaur earthquake affected
Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh (; ; "Snow-laden Mountain Province") is a state in the northern part of India. Situated in the Western Himalayas, it is one of the thirteen mountain states and is characterized by an extreme landscape featuring several peaks ...
in India with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''), killing 47. * January 20 ** In
Hanoi Hanoi or Ha Noi ( or ; vi, Hà Nội ) is the capital and second-largest city of Vietnam. It covers an area of . It consists of 12 urban districts, one district-leveled town and 17 rural districts. Located within the Red River Delta, Hanoi is ...
,
North Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
, the Politburo approves the final military offensive against South Vietnam. ** Work is abandoned on the British end of the Channel Tunnel. *
January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Cou ...
Jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a m ...
pianist A pianist ( , ) is an individual musician who plays the piano. Since most forms of Western music can make use of the piano, pianists have a wide repertoire and a wide variety of styles to choose from, among them traditional classical music, ja ...
Keith Jarrett plays the solo improvisation ''
The Köln Concert ''The Concert'' is a live recording of solo piano improvisations performed by Keith Jarrett at the Opera House in Cologne (german: Köln) on 24 January 1975. The double-vinyl album was released in 1975 by ECM. It became the best-selling solo a ...
'' at the
Cologne Opera The Cologne Opera (German language, German: Oper der Stadt Köln or Oper Köln) refers both to the main opera house in Cologne, Germany and to its resident opera company. History of the company From the mid 18th century, opera was performed in th ...
. The live recording becomes the best-selling piano recording in history.


February

* February 4 – The Haicheng earthquake, the first successfully predicted earthquake, kills 2,041 and injures 27,538 in
Haicheng, Liaoning Haicheng () is a county-level city in central Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, located about southwest of the provincial capital Shenyang. It is under the administration of Anshan City, the seat of which lies to the northeast. ...
, China. * February 5 – The Argentinian president Isabel Perón decrees
Operativo Independencia Operativo Independencia ("Operation Independence") was a 1975 Argentine military operation in Tucumán Province to crush the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP), a Guevarist guerrilla group which tried to create a Vietnam-style war front in the no ...
, aiming to neutralize or annihilate the "subversive elements" in the province of Tucuman. Isabelita takes advantage to take a self-coup and assume extraordinary powers. * February 11 **
Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the first female British prime ...
defeats
Edward Heath Sir Edward Richard George Heath (9 July 191617 July 2005), often known as Ted Heath, was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1965 to 1975. Heath a ...
for the
leadership Leadership, both as a research area and as a practical skill, encompasses the ability of an individual, group or organization to "lead", influence or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations. The word "leadership" often gets vi ...
of the opposition
UK Conservative Party The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories, is one of the two main political parties in the United Kingdom, along with the Labour Party. It is the current governing party, ...
. Thatcher, 49, is Britain's first female leader of any political party. ** Colonel Richard Ratsimandrava, President of
Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
, is assassinated. * February 13 – A " Turkish Federated State of North Cyprus" is declared as an unsuccessful first step to international recognition of a Turkish Cypriot separatist state in
Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is ge ...
. *
February 21 Events Pre-1600 *452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. *1440 – The Pru ...
Watergate scandal The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration's contin ...
: Former
United States Attorney General The United States attorney general (AG) is the head of the United States Department of Justice, and is the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government of the United States. The attorney general serves as the principal advisor to the p ...
John N. Mitchell, and former
White House The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., and has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in ...
aides
H. R. Haldeman Harry Robbins Haldeman (October 27, 1926 – November 12, 1993) was an American political aide and businessman, best known for his service as White House Chief of Staff to President Richard Nixon and his consequent involvement in the Watergate s ...
and
John Ehrlichman John Daniel Ehrlichman (; March 20, 1925 – February 14, 1999) was an American political aide who served as the White House Counsel and Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs under President Richard Nixon. Ehrlichman was an important i ...
, are sentenced to between 30 months and 8 years in prison. * February 27 – The 2 June Movement kidnaps West German politician
Peter Lorenz Peter Lorenz (22 December 1922 – 6 December 1987) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). In 1975 Lorenz was a candidate for mayor of West Berlin. He was kidnapped by the 2 June Movement group three days befor ...
. He is released on
March 4 Events Pre-1600 *AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
after most of the kidnappers' demands are met. * February 28 ** A major tube train crash at Moorgate station, London kills 43 people. ** In
Lomé Lomé is the capital and largest city of Togo. It has an urban population of 837,437
,
Togo Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (french: République togolaise), is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its c ...
, the European Economic Community and 46 African, Caribbean and Pacific countries sign a financial and economic treaty, known as the first
Lomé Convention The Lomé Convention is a trade and aid agreement between the European Economic Community (EEC) and 71 African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries, first signed in February 1975 in Lomé, Togo. History The first Lomé Convention (Lomé I) ...
. ** The
National Liberation Front of Angola The National Front for the Liberation of Angola ( pt, Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola; abbreviated FNLA) is a political party and former militant organisation that fought for Angolan independence from Portugal in the war of independen ...
(FNLA) approaches the South African Embassy in London and requests 40 to 50 artillery pieces to assist their cause in the
Angolan Civil War The Angolan Civil War ( pt, Guerra Civil Angolana) was a civil war in Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with interludes, until 2002. The war immediately began after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. The war was ...
.


March

*
March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...
** Aston Villa win the Football League Cup at
Wembley Wembley () is a large suburbIn British English, "suburb" often refers to the secondary urban centres of a city. Wembley is not a suburb in the American sense, i.e. a single-family residential area outside of the city itself. in north-west Londo ...
, beating
Norwich City Norwich City Football Club (also known as The Canaries or The Yellows) is an English professional football club based in Norwich, Norfolk. The club competes in the EFL Championship following their relegation from the Premier League in the 20 ...
1–0 in the final. ** Australian television switches to full-time colour. *
March 4 Events Pre-1600 *AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
– A Canadian parliamentary committee is televised for the first time. *
March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. * 845 & ...
** Algiers Accord:
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
and
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and K ...
announce a settlement in their border dispute. ** A bomb explodes in the Paris offices of the Springer Press. The March 6 Group (connected to the
Red Army Faction The Red Army Faction (RAF, ; , ),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (, , active 1970–1998), was a West German far-left Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group founded in 1970. The ...
) demands amnesty for the
Baader-Meinhof Group The Red Army Faction (RAF, ; , ),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (, , active 1970–1998), was a West German far-left Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group founded in 1970. The ...
. *
March 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''. *1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León. * 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bou ...
– The
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
proclaims International Women's Day. *
March 9 Events Pre-1600 * 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. * 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. * 1226 &nda ...
– Construction of the
Trans-Alaska Pipeline System The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) is an oil transportation system spanning Alaska, including the trans-Alaska crude-oil pipeline, 11 pump stations, several hundred miles of feeder pipelines, and the Valdez Marine Terminal. TAPS is one o ...
begins. *
March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a ...
**
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...
:
North Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
ese troops attack
Ban Mê Thuột Ban, or BAN, may refer to: Law * Ban (law), a decree that prohibits something, sometimes a form of censorship, being denied from entering or using the place/item ** Imperial ban (''Reichsacht''), a form of outlawry in the medieval Holy Roman ...
, South Vietnam, on their way to capturing Saigon. ** An extended portion of ''
Sanyō Shinkansen , stylized as SANYO, is a Japanese electronics company and formerly a member of the ''Fortune'' Global 500 whose headquarters was located in Moriguchi, Osaka prefecture, Japan. Sanyo had over 230 subsidiaries and affiliates, and was founded by ...
'' between
Okayama Station is a railway station in Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. The station is operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). Lines Okayama Station is one of the major intersections of railways in the Chūgoku region. All trains conn ...
and
Hakata Station is a major railway station in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. It is the largest and busiest railway terminal in Kyushu, and is a gateway to other cities in Kyushu for travelers coming from Honshu by rail travel. The San'yō Shinkansen from Osaka end ...
opens, thus making Shinkansen reach the second island, Kyushu, Japan. *
March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander. * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the ven ...
– The leftist military government in Portugal defeats a rightist coup attempt in head of the former president
António de Spínola António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spínola (generally referred to as António de Spínola, ;This surname, however, was not accompanied by the grammatical nobiliary particle "de". 11 April 1910 – 13 August 1996) was a Portuguese military o ...
. *
March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...
: South Vietnam President
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu Nguyễn Văn Thiệu (; 5 April 1923 – 29 September 2001) was a South Vietnamese military officer and politician who was the president of South Vietnam from 1967 to 1975. He was a general in the Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (RVNAF), becam ...
orders the Central Highlands evacuated. This turns into a mass exodus involving troops and civilians (the ''Convoy of Tears''). *
March 15 Events Pre-1600 *474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place. * 493 – Odo ...
– In Brazil,
Guanabara State The State of Guanabara ( pt, Estado da Guanabara, ) was a state within the Fourth Brazilian Republic from 1960 to 1964, and the Federative Republic of Brazil from 1964 to 1975. It included the city of Rio de Janeiro. The state was established in ...
merges into the
state of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro () is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil. It has the second largest economy of Brazil, with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo. The state, which has 8.2% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for 9.2% of ...
. The state's capital moves from the city of Niterói to the city of
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...
. *
March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthelr ...
– ''Ding-a-dong'' by Teach-In (music by Dick Bakker, text by Will Luikinga and Eddy Ouwens) wins the 20th
Eurovision Song Contest 1975 The Eurovision Song Contest 1975 was the 20th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Stockholm, Sweden, following the country's victory at the with the song " Waterloo" by ABBA. Organised by the European Broadcasting Un ...
for the Netherlands. * March 25 – King
Faisal of Saudi Arabia Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud ( ar, فيصل بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود ''Fayṣal ibn ʿAbd al ʿAzīz Āl Suʿūd'', Najdi Arabic pronunciation: ; 14 April 1906 – 25 March 1975) was a Saudi Arabian statesman and diplomat who was ...
is shot and killed by his nephew. *
March 27 Events Pre-1600 *1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. * 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
– The South African government announces that it will consolidate the 113 separate
homeland A homeland is a place where a cultural, national, or racial identity has formed. The definition can also mean simply one's country of birth. When used as a proper noun, the Homeland, as well as its equivalents in other languages, often has ethn ...
areas into 36. *
March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
– A fire in the maternity wing at Kučić Hospital in Rijeka,
Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
(now
Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...
), kills 25 people. * March 31Süleyman Demirel of AP forms the new government of
Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
(39th government), a four-party coalition, so-called First National Front ( tr, Milliyetçi cephe, links=no)).


April

* April 4 **
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...
: The first military
Operation Babylift Operation or Operations may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * ''Operation'' (game), a battery-operated board game that challenges dexterity * Operation (music), a term used in musical set theory * ''Operations'' (magazine), Multi-Ma ...
flight, C5A 80218, crashes 27 minutes after takeoff, killing 138 on board; 176 survive the crash. **
Bill Gates William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate and philanthropist. He is a co-founder of Microsoft, along with his late childhood friend Paul Allen. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions ...
and
Paul Allen Paul Gardner Allen (January 21, 1953 – October 15, 2018) was an American business magnate, computer programmer, researcher, investor, and philanthropist. He co-founded Microsoft Corporation with childhood friend Bill Gates in 1975, which ...
found
Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation producing computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at the Microsoft Redmond campus located in Redmond, Washin ...
in Albuquerque, New Mexico. * April 5 – The Soviet manned space mission (''
Soyuz 18a Soyuz 7K-T No.39, (also named Soyuz 18a or Soyuz 18-1 by some sources and also known as the April 5 Anomaly) was an unsuccessful launch of a crewed Soyuz spacecraft by the Soviet Union in 1975. The mission was expected to dock with the orbiting ...
'') ends in failure during its ascent into
orbit In celestial mechanics, an orbit is the curved trajectory of an object such as the trajectory of a planet around a star, or of a natural satellite around a planet, or of an artificial satellite around an object or position in space such as ...
when a critical malfunction occurs in the second and third stages of the
booster rocket A booster rocket (or engine) is either the first stage of a multistage launch vehicle, or else a shorter-burning rocket used in parallel with longer-burning sustainer rockets to augment the space vehicle's takeoff thrust and payload capabil ...
during staging at an altitude of 192 km, resulting in the cosmonauts and their Soyuz spacecraft having to be ripped free from the vehicle. Both cosmonauts (
Vasily Lazarev Vasily Grigoryevich Lazarev (russian: Васи́лий Григо́рьевич Ла́зарев; 23 February 1928 31 December 1990) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 12 spaceflight as well as the abortive Soyuz 18a launch on 5 April 1 ...
and Oleg Makarov) survive. *
April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, su ...
** Asia's first professional
basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately in diameter) through the defender's h ...
league, the
Philippine Basketball Association The Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) is a men's professional basketball league in the Philippines composed of twelve company-branded franchised teams. Founded in 1975, it is the first professional basketball league in Asia and is the se ...
, plays its first game at the
Araneta Coliseum The Araneta Coliseum, also currently known by naming rights sponsorship as Smart Araneta Coliseum, is an indoor multi-purpose sports arena that is part of the Araneta City in the Cubao area of Quezon City, Philippines. Nicknamed as "the Big Do ...
. ** Eight people in South Korea, who are involved in the
People's Revolutionary Party Incident The People's Revolutionary Party Incidents were legal cases in which the South Korean government accused individuals of socialist inclinations according to the Anti-communism Law in 1965 (the First Incident) and National Security Law in 1975 (t ...
, are hanged. * April 13 **
Bus massacre The 1975 Beirut bus massacre ( ar, مجزرة بوسطة عين الرمانة ,مجزرة عين الرمانة), also known as the Ain el-Rammaneh incident and the "Black Sunday", was the collective name given to a short series of armed clashes ...
: The
Kataeb The Kataeb Party ( ar, حزب الكتائب اللبنانية '), also known in English as the Phalanges, is a Christian political party in Lebanon. The party played a major role in the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990). In decline in the lat ...
militia kills 27 Palestinians during an attack on their bus in Ain El Remmeneh,
Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to Lebanon–Syria border, the north and east and Israel to Blue ...
, triggering the
Lebanese Civil War The Lebanese Civil War ( ar, الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية, translit=Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990. It resulted in an estimated 120,000 fatalities a ...
which lasts until
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
. ** A coup d'état in Chad led by the military overthrows and kills President
François Tombalbaye François Tombalbaye ( ar, فرنسوا تومبالباي '; 15 June 1918 – 13 April 1975), also known as N'Garta Tombalbaye, was a Chadian politician who served as the first President of Chad from the country's independence in 1960 until ...
. *
April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. *1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...
– The Khmer Republic surrenders, when the Communist Khmer Rouge guerilla forces capture Phnom Penh ending the
Cambodian Civil War The Cambodian Civil War ( km, សង្គ្រាមស៊ីវិលកម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ) was a civil war in Cambodia fought between the forces of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (known as the Khmer Rouge, supported by North Vi ...
, with mass evacuation of American troops and Cambodian civilians. *
April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Coria (Corbridge), Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald of Northumbria, Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 d ...
– The Khmer Rouge begins a forcible mass evacuation of the city and starts the
genocide Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people—usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group—in whole or in part. Raphael Lemkin coined the term in 1944, combining the Greek word (, "race, people") with the Lat ...
. *
April 19 Events Pre-1600 * AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persi ...
Nico Diederichs Nicolaas Johannes "Nico" Diederichs (17 November 1903, Ladybrand – 21 August 1978) served as the third state president of South Africa from 1975 to 1978. Education and career After completing school, he attended Grey University College betwee ...
becomes the 3rd State President of South Africa.Archontology.org: A Guide for Study of Historical Offices: South Africa: Heads of State: 1961–1994
(Accessed on April 14, 2017)
*
April 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. 1601–1900 *1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament. *1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys ...
Taman Mini Indonesia Indah Taman Mini "Indonesia Indah" (literally ''"Beautiful Indonesia" Mini Park''—the apostrophes are in the name—abbreviated as TMII) is a culture-based recreational area located in East Jakarta, Indonesia. Since July 2021, it is operated by the G ...
opens to the public in Jakarta,
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
. *
April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). *1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...
– Six
Red Army Faction The Red Army Faction (RAF, ; , ),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (, , active 1970–1998), was a West German far-left Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group founded in 1970. The ...
terrorists take over the West German embassy in Stockholm, take 11 hostages and demand the release of the group's jailed members; shortly after, they are captured by Swedish police (See
West German Embassy siege The West German Embassy siege in Stockholm, Sweden, was a hostage standoff initiated by the Red Army Faction (RAF) on 24 April 1975. Collectively, the attackers referred to themselves as Kommando Holger Meins, after Holger Meins, an RAF member w ...
). *
April 25 Events Pre-1600 *404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...
: As
North Vietnamese Army The People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN; vi, Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam, QĐNDVN), also recognized as the Vietnam People's Army (VPA) or the Vietnamese Army (), is the military force of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the armed win ...
forces close in on the South Vietnamese capital Saigon, the Australian Embassy is closed and evacuated, almost 10 years to the day since the first Australian troop commitment to South Vietnam. *
April 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. * 1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and b ...
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...
: North Vietnam concludes its
East Sea Campaign The East Sea and Spratly Islands Campaign (''Chiến dịch Trường Sa và các đảo trên Biển Đông'') was a naval operation which took place during the closing days of the Vietnam War in April 1975. The operation took place on Spratly ...
by capturing all of the
Spratly Islands The Spratly Islands ( fil, Kapuluan ng Kalayaan; zh, c=南沙群島/南沙群岛, s=, t=, p=Nánshā Qúndǎo; Malay, id, Kepulauan Spratly; vi, Quần đảo Trường Sa) are a disputed archipelago in the South China Sea. Composed ...
that were being held by South Vietnam. *
April 30 Events Pre-1600 *311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends. *1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois. *1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus hi ...
– The
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...
ends with the
Fall of Saigon The Fall of Saigon, also known as the Liberation of Saigon by North Vietnamese or Liberation of the South by the Vietnamese government, and known as Black April by anti-communist overseas Vietnamese was the capture of Ho Chi Minh City, Saigon, t ...
: The Vietnam War concludes as Communist forces from
North Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
take Saigon, resulting in mass evacuation of the remaining American troops and South Vietnam civilians. As the capital is taken, South Vietnam surrenders unconditionally and is replaced with a temporary
Provisional Government A provisional government, also called an interim government, an emergency government, or a transitional government, is an emergency governmental authority set up to manage a political transition generally in the cases of a newly formed state or ...
.


May

*
May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. *1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...
– The Khmer Rouge raids several Vietnamese towns, which eventually leads to the
Cambodian–Vietnamese War The Cambodian–Vietnamese War ( km, សង្គ្រាមកម្ពុជា-វៀតណាម, vi, Chiến tranh Campuchia–Việt Nam), known in Vietnam as the Counter-offensive on the Southwestern border ( vi, Chiến dịch Phản ...
. *
May 3 Events Pre-1600 * 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne. * 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties. ...
West Ham United West Ham United Football Club is an English professional football club that plays its home matches in Stratford, East London. The club competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. The club plays at the London Stadium, hav ...
wins the
FA Cup The Football Association Challenge Cup, more commonly known as the FA Cup, is an annual knockout football competition in men's domestic English football. First played during the 1871–72 season, it is the oldest national football competi ...
at Wembley, beating Fulham 2–0 in the final. Both goals are scored by Alan Taylor. West Ham legend Bobby Moore, appears for Fulham. *
May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...
– The South African government announces that it will provide all Black children with free and compulsory education. *
May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...
Mayaguez incident The ''Mayaguez'' incident took place between Kampuchea (now Cambodia) and the United States from 12 to 15 May 1975, less than a month after the Khmer Rouge took control of the capital Phnom Penh ousting the U.S.-backed Khmer Republic. After th ...
: The American merchant ship ''Mayaguez'', seized by Cambodian forces, is rescued by the U.S. Navy and Marines; 38 Americans are killed. * May 16 **
Sikkim Sikkim (; ) is a state in Northeastern India. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north and northeast, Bhutan in the east, Province No. 1 of Nepal in the west and West Bengal in the south. Sikkim is also close to the Silig ...
accedes to India after a referendum and abolishes the Chogyal, its monarchy. **
Junko Tabei was a Japanese mountaineer, author and a teacher. She was the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest and the first woman to ascend the Seven Summits, climbing the highest peak on every continent. Tabei wrote seven books, organized e ...
from Japan becomes the first woman to reach the summit of
Mount Everest Mount Everest (; Tibetic languages, Tibetan: ''Chomolungma'' ; ) is List of highest mountains on Earth, Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border ru ...
. *
May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. *240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...
Bobby Unser Robert William Unser (February 20, 1934 – May 2, 2021) was an American automobile racer. At his induction into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1994, he had the fourth most IndyCar Series wins at 35 (behind his brother Al, A. J. F ...
wins the
Indianapolis 500 The Indianapolis 500, formally known as the Indianapolis 500-Mile Race, and commonly called the Indy 500, is an annual automobile race held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS) in Speedway, Indiana, United States, an enclave suburb of Indi ...
for a second time in a rain-shorted 174 lap, race. * May 27 – The
Dibbles Bridge coach crash On 27 May 1975, a coach carrying elderly passengers crashed at the bottom of a steep hill at Dibble's Bridge, near Hebden in North Yorkshire, England. Thirty-three people on board were killed, including the driver, and thirteen others injure ...
near
Grassington Grassington is a market town and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. The population of the parish at the 2011 Census was 1,126. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the town is situated in Wharfedal ...
,
North Yorkshire North Yorkshire is the largest ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county (lieutenancy area) in England, covering an area of . Around 40% of the county is covered by National parks of the United Kingdom, national parks, including most of ...
, UK, results in 32 deaths (the highest ever toll in a United Kingdom road accident). *
May 28 Events Pre-1600 *585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from ...
– Fifteen West African countries sign the
Treaty of Lagos The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was created by the Treaty of Lagos on May 28, 1975, in Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria. ECOWAS was established to promote cooperation and integration in order to create an economic and monetary uni ...
, creating the
Economic Community of West African States The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS; also known as in French and Portuguese) is a regional political and economic union of fifteen countries located in West Africa. Collectively, these countries comprise an area of , and in ...
.


June

* June 5 ** The Suez Canal opens for the first time since the
Six-Day War The Six-Day War (, ; ar, النكسة, , or ) or June War, also known as the 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states (primarily Egypt, Syria, and Jordan) from 5 to 10 Ju ...
. * June 6 – The Georgetown Agreement, formally creating the ACP Group, is signed. *
June 7 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire). * 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state. * 1002 – Henr ...
- June 21 – The first ever Cricket World Cup, 1975 Cricket World Cup is held in England with West Indies defeating Australia in the final. *
June 9 Events Pre-1600 *411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy. * 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. * 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending th ...
– The
Order of Australia The Order of Australia is an honour that recognises Australian citizens and other persons for outstanding achievement and service. It was established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, on the advice of the Australian Gov ...
is awarded for the first time. *
June 11 Events Pre-1600 * 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...
– After a referendum and seven years of military rule, modern day
Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders ...
is established as the Hellenic Republic. *
June 25 Events Pre-1600 * 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce. * 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
** Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares a state of emergency in India, suspending civil liberties and elections. ** Mozambique gains independence from Portugal.


July

* July 1 – The Postmaster-General's Department is disaggregated into the Australian Telecommunications Commission (trading as Telstra, Telecom Australia) and the Australian Postal Commission (trading as Australia Post). * July 4 ** Zion Square refrigerator bombing. A terrorist attack in downtown Jerusalem kills 15 civilians and wounds 77. ** Sydney newspaper publisher Juanita Nielsen disappears, and is presumed to have been murdered. * July 5 – Cape Verde gains independence after 500 years of Portuguese rule. * July 6 – The Comoros declares and is granted its independence from France. * July 9 – The National Assembly of Senegal passes a law that will pave way for a multi-party system (albeit highly restricted). * July 12 – São Tomé and Príncipe declare independence from Portugal. * July 17 – Apollo–Soyuz Test Project: A manned American Apollo spacecraft and the manned Soviet Soyuz spacecraft for the ''Soyuz 19'' mission dock in
orbit In celestial mechanics, an orbit is the curved trajectory of an object such as the trajectory of a planet around a star, or of a natural satellite around a planet, or of an artificial satellite around an object or position in space such as ...
, marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the 2 nations.


August

* The first Cuban forces arrive in Angola to join Soviet personnel who are there to assist the MPLA that controls less than a quarter of Angolan territory. In response, the United States, Zaire and Zambia request South Africa to provide training and support for the FNLA and UNITA forces. * August 1 – The Helsinki Accords, which officially recognize Europe's national borders and respect for human rights, are signed in Finland. * August 8 – The Banqiao Dam, in China's Henan Province, fails after Typhoon Nina (1975), Typhoon Nina; over 200,000 people perish. * August 11 – Governor Mário Lemos Pires of Portuguese Timor, Portuguese East Timor abandons the capital Dili, following a Timorese Democratic Union, UDT coup and the outbreak of civil war between UDT and Fretilin. * August 15 ** Founder President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman of
Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
is killed during a coup led by Major Syed Faruque Rahman. ** Some members of Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Armageddon will occur this year based on the group's chronology and some sell their houses and businesses to prepare for the new world paradise which they believe will be created when Jesus establishes God's Kingdom on Earth. * August 20 – Viking program: NASA launches the ''Viking 1'' planetary probe toward Mars. * August 24 – Officers responsible for the military coup in Greece in 1967 are sentenced to death in Athens. The sentences are later commuted to life imprisonment. * August 25 – The Victoria Falls Conference (1975), Victoria Falls Conference between Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith and the United African National Council is held in a South African Railways coach on the Victoria Falls Bridge, officiated by Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda and South African Prime Minister John Vorster.


September

* September–October – In New Zealand, Māori people, Māori leader Whina Cooper leads a march of 5,000 people, in support of Maori claims to their land. * September 5 ** In Sacramento, California, Lynette Fromme Gerald Ford assassination attempt in Sacramento, attempts to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford, but is thwarted by a United States Secret Service, Secret Service agent. ** The London Hilton Hotel is bombed by the Provisional Irish Republican Army; two people are killed and 63 injured. * September 6 – An earthquake of magnitude kills at least 2,085 in Diyarbakır and Lice, Turkey. * September 14 – Rembrandt's painting ''The Night Watch'' is slashed a dozen times at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. * September 15 – The French department of "''Corse''", comprising the entire island of Corsica, is divided into two departments: Haute-Corse (Upper Corsica) and Corse-du-Sud (Southern Corsica). * September 16 ** Papua New Guinea gains its independence from Australia. ** Cape Verde, Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe join the
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
. * September 19 – General Vasco Gonçalves is ousted as Prime Minister of Portugal. * September 20 – The term of Tuanku Al-Mutassimu Billahi Muhibbudin Sultan Abdul Halim Al-Muadzam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah, as the 5th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, ends. * September 21 – Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Petra of Kelantan, becomes the 6th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia. * September 27 – Francoist Spain executes five ETA (separatist group), ETA and Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front, FRAP members, the Last use of capital punishment in Spain, last executions in Spain to date. * September 30 – The Hughes Helicopters (later McDonnell-Douglas, now Boeing IDS) AH-64 Apache makes its first flight.


October

* October 1 – ''Thrilla in Manila'': Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines. * October 14 ** The South African Defence Force invades Angola during Operation Savannah (Angola), Operation Savannah in support of the National Liberation Front of Angola, FNLA and UNITA prior to the Angolan elections scheduled for November 11.Malan, Magnus (2006). ''My lewe saam met die SA Weermag'' (1st ed.). Pretoria: Protea Boekhuis. p. 121. . ** An RAF Avro Vulcan bomber 1975 Żabbar Avro Vulcan crash, explodes and crashes over Żabbar, Malta after an aborted landing, killing five crew members and one person on the ground. * October 16 ** The "Balibo Five" Australian television journalists are killed at Balibo by Indonesian Army special forces in the buildup to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor. ** The last naturally occurring case of smallpox is diagnosed and treated, the victim being two-year-old Rahima Banu.Image caption of U.S. Centers for Disease Control]
Public Health Image LibraryC image number 7762
* October 30 - Juan Carlos I of Spain becomes acting head of state after General Francisco Franco concedes that he is too ill to govern. His death on November 20 effectively marks the end of the dictatorship established following the Spanish Civil War and the beginning of Spain's Spanish transition to democracy, transition to democracy. * October 31 ** The Racial Discrimination Act 1975 takes effect in Australia. ** Tun Mustapha resigned as Chief Minister of Sabah, a state in Malaysia, bringing to an end speculation that he would attempt to lead secession for Sabah to become an independent nation.


November

* November 6 – The Green March begins: 300,000 unarmed Morocco, Moroccans converge on the southern city of Tarfaya and wait for a signal from King Hassan II of Morocco to cross into Western Sahara. * November 7 – A vapor cloud explosion at a petroleum cracking facility in Geleen, Netherlands, leaves 14 dead and 109 injured, with fires lasting for five days. * November 10 ** United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379: By a vote of 72–35 (with 32 abstentions), the
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
General Assembly approves a resolution equating Zionism with racism. The resolution provokes an outcry among Jews around the world. It is repealed in 1991. ** The -long freighter sinks during a storm from the entrance to Whitefish Bay on Lake Superior, killing all 29 crew members on board (an event immortalized in song by Gordon Lightfoot). ** Lev Leshchenko revives ''Den Pobedy'', one of the most popular World War II songs in the USSR. *
November 11 Events Pre-1600 * 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, ''Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the ...
**
Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...
becomes independent from Portugal and Angolan Civil War, civil war erupts. **Australian constitutional crisis of 1975: Governor-General of Australia Sir John Kerr (governor-general), John Kerr controversially dismisses the Whitlam Government, Whitlam Labor Government and commissions Malcolm Fraser of the Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal/National Party of Australia, National Country Coalition (Australia), Coalition as caretaker Prime Minister of Australia, Prime Minister. ** The first annual Vogalonga rowing "race" is held in Venice, Italy. *November 12 – The Comoros joins the United Nations. *November 14 – Madrid Accords: Spain agrees to hand over power of the Spanish Sahara to Morocco and Mauritania by the end of February 1976. *November 15 – The "Group of Seven#History, Group of 6" industrialized nations (G-6) is formed and helds its 1st G6 summit, 1st summit at the Château de Rambouillet in France. *November 16 – Beginning of the Third Cod War between UK and Iceland, which lasts until June 1976. *November 19 – The
United States Congress The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
approves the Clark Amendment, ending aid to the FNLA and UNITA. *November 20 – Former California Governor Ronald Reagan enters the race for the Republican Party (United States), Republican presidential nomination, challenging incumbent President Gerald Ford. *November 22 – Juan Carlos I of Spain, Juan Carlos is declared List of Spanish monarchs, King of Spain following the death of General Francisco Franco; he would reign until his abdication in 2014. * November 25 – Suriname gains independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands. * November 27 - The Jaws film is released in Australia by Steven Spielberg, based on Peter Benchley’s novel of the same name. * November 28 ** Portuguese Timor declares its independence from Portugal as East Timor. ** South African Navy Rothesay-class frigate, frigates evacuate 26 SADF members from behind enemy lines at Ambrizete, north of Luanda in Angola. * November 29 ** The name "Micro-soft" (for microcomputer software) is used by
Bill Gates William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate and philanthropist. He is a co-founder of Microsoft, along with his late childhood friend Paul Allen. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions ...
in a letter to
Paul Allen Paul Gardner Allen (January 21, 1953 – October 15, 2018) was an American business magnate, computer programmer, researcher, investor, and philanthropist. He co-founded Microsoft Corporation with childhood friend Bill Gates in 1975, which ...
for the first time (
Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation producing computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at the Microsoft Redmond campus located in Redmond, Washin ...
becomes a registered trademark on November 26, 1976). ** While disabled, the submarine tender discharges radioactive coolant water into Apra Harbor, Guam. A Geiger counter at two of the harbor's public beaches shows 100 millirems/hour, 50 times the allowable dose.


December

* December 2 – In Laos, the Communism, communist party of the Pathet Lao takes over Vientiane and defeats the Kingdom of Laos, forcing King Sisavang Vatthana to abdicate and creating the Lao People's Democratic Republic. This ends the Laotian Civil War, with mass evacuation of American troops and Laotian civilians, but effectively begins the ongoing Insurgency in Laos with the Pathet Lao fighting the Hmong people, Royalist-in-exile and the Right-wings. * December 3 – Wreck of (sunk by mine 1916) is found in the Kea Channel by Jacques Cousteau. * December 7 – Indonesian invasion of East Timor:
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
invades East Timor; the occupation continues until 1999, when U.N. peacekeepers take over control until 2002. * December 13 ** 1975 Australian federal election: The Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal/National Party of Australia, National Country Coalition (Australia), Coalition led by Malcolm Fraser defeats the Australian constitutional crisis of 1975, recently dismissed Australian Labor Party, Labor Whitlam Government, Government led by Gough Whitlam. The Fraser Government achieves what is so far the largest parliamentary majority in federal Australian political history. Whitlam would subsequently survive a Australian Labor Party leadership spill, 1976, leadership challenge against him. ** United Nations Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness (1961) comes into effect. * December 18 – The Algerian president Houari Boumédiène, Houari Boumediene orders the Expulsion of Moroccans from Algeria, expulsion of all Moroccans from Algeria. * December 21 – Six people, including Carlos the Jackal, kidnap delegates of an OPEC conference in Vienna. * December 29 – A bomb explosion at LaGuardia Airport in New York City kills 11 people.


Date unknown

* The Spanish Army quits Spanish Sahara (modern-day Western Sahara), last remnant of the Spanish Empire. The Western Sahara, Sahrawi Republic (RASD) is created. Morocco invades the former territory. * The government of Colombia announces the finding of Ciudad Perdida. * Benoit Mandelbrot coins the mathematical term ''fractal''. * Victoria (Australia) abolishes capital punishment. * South Australia becomes the first Australian state to decriminalize homosexual acts between consenting adults. * The first monster truck, Bigfoot (truck), Bigfoot, is created by Bob Chandler.


World population


Births


January

*
January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
** Sonali Bendre, Indian actress ** Eiichiro Oda, Japanese manga artist * January 2 ** Dax Shepard, American actor ** Oleksandr Shovkovskiy, Ukrainian footballer ** Vladyslav Vashchuk, Ukrainian footballer ** Robert Westerholt, Dutch musician * January 3 ** Danica McKellar, American actress and education advocate ** Jason Marsden, American actor ** Thomas Bangalter, French musician and record producer *
January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
– Bradley Cooper, American actor * January 6 ** Yukana, Japanese voice actress ** Ricardo Santos (beach volleyball), Ricardo Santos, Brazilian beach volleyball player * January 11 – Matteo Renzi, 56th Prime Minister of Italy * January 13 – Andrew Yang, American entrepreneur, founder of Venture for America, and 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2020 Democratic presidential candidate * January 15 – Mary Pierce, French tennis player * January 17 – Tony Brown (rugby union), Tony Brown, New Zealand rugby union footballer * January 23 – Tito Ortiz, American mixed martial arts fighter * January 25 ** Mia Kirshner, Canadian actress ** Tim Montgomery, American athlete * January 28 ** Tanya Chua, Singapore singer ** Hiroshi Kamiya, Japanese voice actor and singer * January 29 – Sara Gilbert, American actress * January 31 – Preity Zinta, Indian actress and entrepreneur


February

* February 1 – Big Boi, American rapper * February 2 ** Todd Bertuzzi, Canadian hockey player ** Ieroklis Stoltidis, Greek footballer * February 3 – Brad Thorn, New Zealand-Australian rugby player * February 4 – Natalie Imbruglia, Australian actress and singer *
February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. *1539 – The first recorded race is held ...
– Vladimir Guerrero, Dominican baseball player * February 10 – Hiroki Kuroda, Japanese baseball pitcher * February 14 – Malik Zidi, French actor * February 17 ** Harisu, South Korean singer, model and actress ** Todd Harvey, Canadian hockey player ** Kaspars Astašenko, Latvian ice hockey player (d. 2012) ** Václav Prospal, Czech hockey player * February 18 ** Igor Dodon, President of Moldova ** Keith Gillespie, Northern Irish footballer ** Gary Neville, English footballer * February 19 – Mohamed Aly (boxer), Mohamed Aly, Egyptian boxer * February 20 – Brian Littrell, American pop singer * February 22 – Drew Barrymore, American actress and film producer * February 23 ** Wilfred Kigen, Wilfred Kibet Kigen, Kenyan long-distance runner ** Callan Mulvey, New Zealand-born Australian actor * February 25 – Chelsea Handler, American comedian and television host


March

*
March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...
** Maya Kulenovic, Canadian painter ** Valentina Monetta, Sammarinese singer * March 3 **Khadaffy Janjalani, Filipino terrorist **Patric Chiha, Austrian film director and screenwriter * March 5 – Jolene Blalock, American actress *
March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. * 845 & ...
– Aracely Arámbula, Mexican actress, singer and model *
March 9 Events Pre-1600 * 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. * 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. * 1226 &nda ...
** Roy Makaay, Dutch footballer ** Lisa Miskovsky, Swedish musician *
March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a ...
– Jamie Arnold (basketball), Jamie Arnold, American-Israeli basketball player *
March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander. * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the ven ...
** Buvaisar Saitiev, Chechen wrestler ** David Cañada, Spanish cyclist (d. 2016) * March 12 – Kéllé Bryan, English singer *
March 15 Events Pre-1600 *474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place. * 493 – Odo ...
** Eva Longoria, American actress ** Veselin Topalov, Bulgarian chess player ** will.i.am, American rapper and singer * March 17 ** Natalie Zea, American actress ** Puneeth Rajkumar, Indian actor, singer, and producer (d. 2021) * March 18 – Sutton Foster, American actress * March 19 ** Vivian Hsu, Taiwanese singer, actress and model ** Le Jingyi, Chinese swimmer * March 21 ** Fabricio Oberto, Argentinian-Italian basketball player * Mark Williams (snooker player), Mark Williams, Welsh professional snooker player *
March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthelr ...
– Guillermo Díaz (actor), Guillermo Díaz, American actor * March 25 ** Ladislav Benýšek, Czech ice hockey player ** Melanie Blatt, English singer *
March 27 Events Pre-1600 *1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. * 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
– Fergie (singer), Fergie, American singer and actress *
March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
– Richard Kelly (director), Richard Kelly, American director * March 29 – Jan Bos, Dutch speed skater


April

* April 2 ** Nate Huffman, American basketball player (d. 2015) ** Pedro Pascal, Chilean-American actor ** Adam Rodriguez, American actor * April 3 – Koji Uehara, Japanese baseball pitcher * April 4 – Delphine Arnault, French businesswoman and entrepreneur * April 5 ** John Hartson, Welsh footballer ** Juicy J, American rapper, songwriter, and record producer * April 6 ** Zach Braff, American actor ** Sónia Lopes, Cape Verdean runner * April 8 – Anouk (singer), Anouk, Dutch singer-songwriter and producer *
April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, su ...
– Robbie Fowler, English footballer * April 10 – David Harbour, American actor * April 11 – Dariusz Kozubek, Polish footballer * April 13 – Jasey-Jay Anderson, Canadian snowboarder * April 14 ** Lita (wrestler), Amy Dumas, American professional wrestler ** Stefano Miceli, Italian conductor and pianist ** Anderson Silva, Brazilian UFC fighter * April 15 – Paul Dana, American racing driver (d. 2006) * April 16 – Sean Maher, American actor *
April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. *1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...
– Lee Hyun-il, South Korean badminton player * April 21 – Danyon Loader, New Zealand swimmer * April 22 ** Greg Moore (racing driver), Greg Moore, Canadian racing driver (d. 1999) ** Carlos Sastre, Spanish road bicycle racer * April 26 – Joey Jordison, American metal drummer (d. 2021) * April 27 – Kazuyoshi Funaki, Japanese ski jumper *
April 30 Events Pre-1600 *311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends. *1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois. *1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus hi ...
** Johnny Galecki, Belgian-born American actor


May

* May 1 – Marc-Vivien Foé, Cameroonian footballer (d. 2003) *
May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. *1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...
** David Beckham, English footballer ** Ahmed Hassan (footballer, born 1975), Ahmed Hassan, Egyptian footballer *
May 3 Events Pre-1600 * 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne. * 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties. ...
** Andreea Bibiri, Romanian actress and theatre director ** Christina Hendricks, American actress * May 7 – Jason Tunks, Canadian discus thrower * May 8 ** Enrique Iglesias, Spanish singer ** Jussi Markkanen, Finnish hockey player * May 9 – Chris Diamantopoulos, Canadian actor * May 10 ** Hazem Emam, Egyptian footballer ** Hélio Castroneves, Brazilian racing driver * May 12 ** Jonah Lomu, New Zealand rugby player (d. 2015) ** Jared Polis, American politician, 43rd Governor of Colorado * May 13 – Itatí Cantoral, Mexican actress *
May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...
** Ray Lewis, American football player ** Janne Seurujärvi, Sámi people, Finnish Sami politician, and the first Sami ever to be elected to the Parliament of Finland, Finnish Parliament. * May 16 ** Tony Kakko, Finnish singer ** Simon Whitfield, Canadian triathlete * May 18 ** John Higgins, Scottish snooker player ** Jack Johnson (musician), Jack Johnson, American singer-songwriter ** Irina Karavayeva, Russian trampolinist * May 19 ** Jonas Renkse, Swedish musician ** Dorit Bar Or, Israeli actress ** Masanobu Ando, Japanese actor ** Zhang Ning, Chinese badminton player * May 20 ** Al Bano, Italian singer ** Tahmoh Penikett, Canadian actor * May 21 – Anthony Mundine, Australian rugby league player and boxer * May 22 – Janne Niinimaa, Finnish hockey player *
May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. *240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...
** Keiko Fujimori, Peruvian politician ** Lauryn Hill, American singer * May 27 ** André 3000, American musician, record producer, and actor ** Jamie Oliver, English chef, restaurateur and television personality *
May 28 Events Pre-1600 *585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from ...
– Charmaine Sheh, Hong Kong actress * May 29 ** David Burtka, American actor and professional chef ** Mel B, English singer, songwriter, rapper, television personality, actress and author ** Daniel Tosh, American comedian * May 31 – Toni Nieminen, Finnish ski jumper


June

* June 1 – Nikol Pashinyan, Armenian politician, Prime Minister of Armenia * June 4 ** Russell Brand, English actor and comedian ** Angelina Jolie, American actress *
June 7 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire). * 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state. * 1002 – Henr ...
** Shane Bond, New Zealand fast bowler ** Allen Iverson, American basketball player ** Ekta Kapoor, Indian actress * June 8 – Shilpa Shetty, Bollywood actress *
June 9 Events Pre-1600 *411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy. * 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. * 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending th ...
** Andrew Symonds, British-born Australian cricketer (d. 2022) ** Ameesha Patel, Indian actress and model *
June 11 Events Pre-1600 * 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...
– Choi Ji-woo, South Korean actress and model * June 15 – Elizabeth Reaser, American actress * June 16 – Anabel Conde, Spanish singer * June 18 – Martin St. Louis, Canadian hockey player * June 19 ** Oksana Chusovitina, German artistic gymnast ** Anthony Parker, American basketball player ** Ed Coode, British rower * June 23 – KT Tunstall, Scottish singer-songwriter * June 24 – Christie Pearce, American footballer *
June 25 Events Pre-1600 * 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce. * 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
** Linda Cardellini, American actress ** Natasha Klauss, Colombian actress ** Vladimir Kramnik, Russian chess player * June 26 – Florence Loiret Caille, French actress * June 27 ** Mufti Menk, Zimbabwean Muslim cleric and Mufti ** Tobey Maguire, American actor ** Mosese Rauluni, Fijian rugby union footballer * June 28 ** Jeff Geddis, Canadian film and television actor ** Ning Baizura, Malaysian singer ** Jon Nödtveidt, Swedish singer (d. 2006) * June 29 – Mime Gopi, Indian actor * June 30 ** James Bannatyne, New Zealand footballer ** Ralf Schumacher, German racing driver ** Angela Tong, Hong Kong actress


July

* July 1 – Sufjan Stevens, American musician * July 2 – Stefan Terblanche, South African rugby union player * July 3 – Ryan McPartlin, American actor * July 4 – John Lloyd Young, American actor and singer * July 5 ** Zander de Bruyn, South African cricketer ** Hernán Crespo, Argentinian footballer ** Surya Saputra, Indonesian actor, singer, and model ** Alberto Castillo (pitcher), Alberto Castillo, Cuban baseball pitcher ** Ai Sugiyama, Japanese tennis player * July 6 ** Sebastián Rulli, Argentine actor and model ** Alessandro Juliani, Canadian actor and singer * July 7 ** João Bosco Cabral, Timorese footballer ** Khaled Gahwji, Saudi football player ** Nina Hoss, German actress * July 8 ** Amara (singer), Amara, Indonesian actress, model, and singer ** Elias Viljanen, Finnish musician ** Régis Laconi, French motorcycle racer * July 9 ** Shelton Benjamin, American professional wrestler ** Damián Szifron, Argentine director and screenwriter ** Robert Koenig (filmmaker), Robert Koenig, American film director and producer ** Jack White, American singer and guitarist * July 10 ** Martina Colombari, Italian actress, model and television presenter ** Edoardo Gabbriellini, Italian actor, screenwriter, and director ** Alain Nasreddine, Canadian ice hockey player ** Stefán Karl Stefánsson, Icelandic actor (d. 2018) * July 12 - Cheyenne Jackson, American actor and singer * July 15 – K Brosas, Filipino actress, comedian, singer and television host * July 16 – Edoardo Gabbriellini, Italian actor, screenwriter, and director * July 17 ** Cécile de France, Belgian actress ** Darude, Finnish DJ and record producer ** Elena Anaya, Spanish actress ** Terence Tao, Australian-American mathematician * July 18 – Daron Malakian, Armenian-American guitarist * July 19 – Kamijo (musician), Kamijo, Japanese singer-songwriter, musician, and music producer * July 20 ** Judy Greer, American actress and author ** Ray Allen, American basketball player * July 21 **David Dastmalchian, American actor **Fredrik Johansson (musician), Fredrik Johansson, Swedish musician * July 23 – Suriya, Indian actor * July 25 ** Håvard Ellefsen, Norwegian musician ** Evgeni Nabokov, Kazakh-Russian hockey goaltender * July 26 – Liz Truss, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom September/October 2022 * July 27 – Alex Rodriguez, American baseball player


August

* August 1 – Danny Chan Kwok-kwan, Hong Kong actor * August 3 – Yoyo Mung, Hong Kong actress * August 4 – Jason Crump, Australian motorcycle speedway rider ** Eicca Toppinen, Finnish cellist * August 7 ** Gaahl (Kristian Eivind Espedal), Norwegian musician ** Megan Gale, Australian model and actress ** Charlize Theron, South African-born American actress * August 9 – Mahesh Babu, Indian actor * August 12 – Casey Affleck, American actor and film director * August 13 – Shoaib Akhtar, Pakistani fast bowler * August 15 – Kara Wolters, American basketball player * August 16 – Taika Waititi, New Zealand filmmaker, actor, and comedian * August 18 – Kaitlin Olson, American actress * August 22 – Rodrigo Santoro, Brazilian actor * August 29 – Dante Basco, American film, television and voice actor * August 30 - Radhi Jaidi, Tunisian footballer * August 31 – Sara Ramirez, Mexican-American actress


September

* September 1 ** Sarah Mintz, Maritza Rodríguez, Colombian actress and model ** Natalie Bassingthwaighte, Australian actress and singer ** Elvira Rahić, Bosnian singer ** Scott Speedman, Canadian actor * September 3 – Redfoo, American disc jockey * September 4 – Mark Ronson, English DJ, record producer, and singer * September 6 – Ryoko Tani, Japanese judoka * September 7 – Renato Sobral, Brazilian martial artist * September 9 – Michael Bublé, Canadian musician * September 13 ** Peter Ho, American-Taiwanese singer and actor ** Idan Tal, Israeli footballer * September 16 – Gal Fridman, Israeli windsurfer * September 17 – Jimmie Johnson, American race car driver * September 18 – Jason Sudeikis, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter * September 20 ** Asia Argento, Italian actress, singer, and director ** Moon Bloodgood, American actress * September 22 – Ethan Moreau, Canadian hockey player * September 23 – Kim Dong-moon, South Korean badminton player * September 25 – Matt Hasselbeck, American football player * September 28 – Ana Brnabić, Prime Minister of Serbia * September 30 ** Marion Cotillard, French actress, singer, songwriter, and musician ** Ta-Nehisi Coates, American author and journalist ** Georges-Alain Jones, French singer


October

* October 1 – Bimba Bosé, Spanish model, actress and singer (d. 2017) * October 3 – Alanna Ubach, American actress and singer * October 5 ** Kate Winslet, British actress ** Gao Yuanyuan, Chinese actress ** Parminder Nagra, British actress * October 9 – Sean Lennon, British-American musician, songwriter, producer and multi-instrumentalist * October 10 – Ihsahn, Norwegian musician * October 14 ** Floyd Landis, American cyclist ** Shaznay Lewis, English singer * October 15 – Michél Mazingu-Dinzey, German-Congolese footballer * October 16 ** Alexandra Barreto, American actress ** Jacques Kallis, South African cricketer * October 21 ** Henrique Hilário, Portuguese footballer ** Madchild, Canadian rapper * October 22 – Jesse Tyler Ferguson, American actor * October 23 – Odalys García, Cuban actress * October 25 – Zadie Smith, English writer * October 27 – Aron Ralston, American outdoorsman, mechanical engineer and motivational speaker * October 28 – Krisztián Zahorecz, Hungarian football player (d. 2019) * October 30 – Ian D'Sa, Canadian guitarist * October 31 – Director X, Canadian music video director


November

* November 2 ** Zhang Ouying, Chinese footballer (d. 2018) ** Danny Cooksey, American actor and comedian * November 3 – Marta Domínguez, Spanish athlete * November 4 ** Éric Fichaud, Canadian hockey player ** Lorenzen Wright, American basketball player (d. 2010) * November 5 ** Lisa Scott-Lee, Welsh singer ** Jamie Spaniolo (Jamie Madrox), American rapper * November 7 – Marcus Luttrell, American U.S. Navy Seal * November 8 ** Ángel Corella, Spanish dancer ** Tara Reid, American actress * November 10 – Markko Märtin, Estonian racing driver *
November 11 Events Pre-1600 * 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, ''Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the ...
** Daisuke Ohata, Japanese rugby union player ** Angélica Vale, Mexican-American actress, singer, and comedian * November 12 – Jason Lezak, American swimmer * November 14 ** Faye Tozer, English singer ** Gary Vaynerchuk, American-Belarusians, Belarusian entrepreneur and internet personality * November 16 – Julio Lugo, Dominican baseball player * November 18 ** Neal E. Boyd, American singer and reality show winner (''America's Got Talent (season 3), America's Got Talent'') (d. 2018) ** Anthony McPartlin, British TV presenter, actor and singer ** David Ortiz, Dominican-American baseball player * November 19 – Sushmita Sen, Indian actress and model, former Miss Universe. * November 20 ** Dierks Bentley, American country music singer ** Joshua Gomez, American actor * November 21 ** Cherie Johnson, American actress ** Chris Moneymaker, American poker player ** Aaron Solowoniuk, Canadian drummer * November 22 – Michael Cohen (actor), Michael Cohen, Canadian actor and writer * November 24 – Lee Wan Wah, Malaysian badminton player * November 26 – DJ Khaled, American DJ, record executive, songwriter, record producer and media personality * November 28 – Eka Kurniawan, Indonesian writer * November 30 ** Mindy McCready, American country music singer (d. 2013) ** Ben Thatcher, Welsh footballer


December

* December 3 – Csaba Czébely, Hungarian drummer * December 5 ** Sofi Marinova, Bulgarian singer ** Ronnie O'Sullivan, British snooker player ** Paula Patton, American actress * December 6 – Ashin, Taiwanese singer * December 8 – Kevin Harvick, American race car driver * December 10 – Emmanuelle Chriqui, Canadian actress * December 12 ** Mayim Bialik, Israeli-American actress and neuroscientist ** Houko Kuwashima, Japanese voice actress * December 13 – Tom DeLonge, American musician, author, and UFOlogist * December 17 ** Tim Clark (golfer), Tim Clark, South African golfer ** Nick Dinsmore, American professional wrestler ** Susanthika Jayasinghe, Sri Lankan athlete ** Hilje Murel, Estonian actress ** Milla Jovovich, Ukrainian-born American actress and model * December 18 ** Sia, Australian singer-songwriter and music video director ** Trish Stratus, Canadian professional wrestler and model * December 20 – Bartosz Bosacki, Polish footballer * December 21 ** Paloma Herrera, Argentine ballet dancer ** Charles Michel, Belgian politician, 51st Prime Minister of Belgium and President of the European Council * December 23 – Vadim Sharifijanov, Russian ice hockey player * December 26 ** Ed Stafford, English explorer ** Marcelo Ríos, Chilean tennis player * December 27 – Heather O'Rourke, American child actress (d. 1988) * December 29 – Shawn Hatosy, American actor * December 30 – Tiger Woods, American golfer


Deaths


January

* January 3 – Victor Kraft, Austrian philosopher (b. 1880) *
January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
– Gottlob Berger, German Nazi senior official (b. 1896) * January 9 – Pierre Fresnay, French actor (b. 1897) * January 14 – Georgi Traykov, former head of List of heads of state of Bulgaria, State of Bulgaria as Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly (b. 1898) * January 17 – Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, 19th President of Colombia (b. 1900) *
January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrend ...
– Thomas Hart Benton (painter), Thomas Hart Benton, American artist (b. 1889) * January 23 – Prince Karl Franz of Prussia (b. 1916) *
January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Cou ...
– Larry Fine, American actor and comedian (b. 1902) * January 27 ** Antonín Novotný, Czechoslovak Communist leader and 7th President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1904) ** Bill Walsh (producer), Bill Walsh, American film producer and writer (b. 1913) * January 28 – Ola Raknes, Norwegian psychoanalyst and philologist (b. 1887)


February

* February 3 – Umm Kulthum, Egyptian actress and singer (b. 1898) * February 4 – Louis Jordan, American musician (b. 1908) * February 8 ** Robert Robinson (organic chemist), Robert Robinson, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1886) ** Jan Mukařovský, Czech literary, linguistic and aesthetic theorist. (b. 1891) * February 10 – Dave Alexander (musician), Dave Alexander, American musician (b. 1947) * February 14 ** Sir Julian Huxley, British biologist (b. 1887) ** Sir P. G. Wodehouse, English writer (b. 1881) * February 16 – Morgan Taylor, American Olympic athlete (b. 1903) * February 17 – Hugo Österman, Finnish general (b. 1892) * February 18 – Chivu Stoica, Romanian Communist politician, 48th Prime Minister of Romania and head of State (b. 1908) * February 19 – Luigi Dallapiccola, Italian composer (b. 1904) * February 22 – Lionel Tertis, English violist (b. 1876) * February 24 – Nikolai Bulganin, Premier of the Soviet Union (b. 1895) * February 25 – Elijah Muhammad, American Nation of Islam leader (b. 1897)


March

* March 2 – Madeleine Vionnet, French fashion designer (b. 1876) * March 3 – Therese Giehse, German actress (b. 1898) *
March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. * 845 & ...
– Glenn Hardin, American athlete (b. 1910) * March 7 – Mikhail Bakhtin, Russian philosopher and literary scholar (b. 1895) *
March 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''. *1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León. * 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bou ...
** Joseph Bech, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1887) ** George Stevens, American director, producer and cinematographer (b. 1904) *
March 9 Events Pre-1600 * 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. * 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. * 1226 &nda ...
– Shirley Ross, American actress and singer (b. 1913) *
March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander. * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the ven ...
– Margarita Fischer, German silent film actress (b. 1886) *
March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
– Ivo Andrić, Serbo-Croatian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892) * March 14 – Susan Hayward, American actress (b. 1917) *
March 15 Events Pre-1600 *474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place. * 493 – Odo ...
– Aristotle Onassis, Greek shipping magnate (b. 1906) * March 16 – T-Bone Walker, American blues performer (b. 1910) * March 19 – Harry Lachman, American set designer and film director (b. 1886) * March 20 – Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia (b. 1908) * March 21 - Joe Medwick, American baseball player and manager (b. 1911) * March 25 ** King
Faisal of Saudi Arabia Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud ( ar, فيصل بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود ''Fayṣal ibn ʿAbd al ʿAzīz Āl Suʿūd'', Najdi Arabic pronunciation: ; 14 April 1906 – 25 March 1975) was a Saudi Arabian statesman and diplomat who was ...
(b. 1906) ** Michèle Girardon, French actress (b. 1938) *
March 27 Events Pre-1600 *1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. * 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
– Sir Arthur Bliss, British composer and Master of the Queen's Music (b. 1891) * March 30 – Boots Adams, American business magnate, president of Phillips Petroleum Company (b. 1899)


April

* April 5 ** Chiang Kai-shek, Chinese nationalist general and politician, 1st President of the Republic of China (b. 1887) ** Harold Osborn, American Olympic athlete (b. 1899) ** Victor Marijnen, Dutch politician and jurist, 40th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1917) * April 10 ** Walker Evans, American photographer (b. 1903) ** Marjorie Main, American actress (b. 1890) * April 12 – Josephine Baker, France entertainer, activist (b. 1906) * April 14 – Fredric March, American actor (b. 1897) *
April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. *1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...
– Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Indian philosopher and politician, 2nd President of India (b. 1888) * April 23 - William Hartnell, English actor (b. 1908) *
April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). *1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...
– Pete Ham, Welsh singer, songwriter and guitarist (b. 1947) *
April 30 Events Pre-1600 *311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends. *1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois. *1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus hi ...
** Lê Nguyên Vỹ, South Vietnamese Army general (b. 1933) ** Lê Văn Hưng, South Vietnamese Army general (b. 1933) ** Nguyễn Khoa Nam, South Vietnamese Army general (b. 1927) ** Phạm Văn Phú, South Vietnamese Army general (b. 1927)


May

* May 1 – Trần Văn Hai, South Vietnamese Army general (b. 1927) * May 4 – Moe Howard, American actor and comedian (b. 1897) * May 8 – Avery Brundage, American administrator, 5th President of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1887) * May 9 – Philip Dorn, Dutch actor (b. 1901) * May 14 – Ernst Alexanderson, Swedish-born American television pioneer (b. 1878) * May 18 ** Leroy Anderson, American composer (b. 1908) ** Aníbal Troilo, Argentine tango musician (b. 1914) * May 20 – Barbara Hepworth, Dame Barbara Hepworth, English sculptor and artist (b. 1903) * May 22 ** Lefty Grove, American baseball player (b. 1900) ** Torben Meyer, Danish actor (b. 1884) *
May 28 Events Pre-1600 *585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from ...
** Ezzard Charles, American boxer, former World Heavyweight Champion (b. 1921) ** Lung Chien, Chinese screenwriter and film director (b. 1916) * May 30 ** Steve Prefontaine, American distance runner (b. 1951) ** Michel Simon, Swiss actor (b. 1895)


June

* June 3 ** Eisaku Satō, Japanese politician, Prime Minister of Japan, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1901) ** Ozzie Nelson, American actor, director and producer (b. 1906) * June 4 – Evelyn Brent, American actress (b. 1899) *
June 9 Events Pre-1600 *411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy. * 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. * 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending th ...
– Albert Spencer, 7th Earl Spencer, British aristocrat (b. 1898) * June 12 – Rafael Arévalo Martínez, Guatemalan writer (b. 1884) * June 13 – José María Guido, 33rd President of Argentina (b. 1910) * June 15 – William Austin (actor), William Austin, English actor (b. 1884) * June 18 – Hugo Bergmann, German and Israeli Jewish philosopher (b. 1883) * June 27 – G. I. Taylor, British physicist, mathematician and expert on fluid dynamics and wave theory (b. 1886) * June 28 – Rod Serling, American television screenwriter and narrator (b. 1924) * June 29 – Tim Buckley, American singer-songwriter (b. 1947)


July

* July 2 – James Robertson Justice, British actor (b. 1907) * July 4 – Luigi Carlo Borromeo, Italian Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1893) * July 10 – Achille Van Acker, 33rd Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1898) * July 14 – Madan Mohan (music director), Madan Mohan, Indian music director (b. 1924) * July 17 – Konstantine Gamsakhurdia, Georgian writer and public benefactor (b. 1893) * July 19 – Lefty Frizzell, American singer (b. 1928) * July 21 – Billy West (silent film actor), Billy West, American actor (b. 1892) * July 23 – Emlen Tunnell, American football player and coach (b. 1924) * July 30 – James Blish, American science fiction and fantasy writer (b. 1921)


August

* August 3 ** Andreas Embirikos, Greek poet (b. 1901) ** Jack Molinas, American basketball player (b. 1931) * August 9 – Dmitri Shostakovich, Soviet and Russian composer (b. 1906) * August 11 ** Rachel Katznelson-Shazar, Zionist political figure and wife of third President of Israel (b. 1885) ** Anthony McAuliffe, American general (b. 1898) * August 15 – Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, 2nd Prime Minister of Bangladesh and 1st and 4th President of Bangladesh (b. 1920) * August 16 – Vladimir Kuts, Soviet runner (b. 1927) * August 17 – Sig Arno, German actor (b. 1895) * August 19 ** Mark Donohue, American race car driver (b. 1937) ** Ima Hogg, American society leader, philanthropist, patron and collector of the arts (b. 1882) ** Frank Shields, American tennis player (b. 1909) * August 23 – Sidney Buchman, American screenwriter (b. 1902) * August 25 – Joseph Kane, American film director and producer (b. 1894) * August 26 – Cullen Landis, American actor (b. 1896) * August 27 – Haile Selassie, Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1892) * August 28 – Fritz Wotruba, Austrian sculptor (b. 1907) * August 29 **Charles C. Bass, American physician and medical researcher (b. 1875) **Éamon de Valera, Irish politician and statesman, 3rd President of Ireland and 3-time Taoiseach (b. 1882)


September

* September 5 – Alice Catherine Evans, American microbiologist (b. 1881) * September 9 ** Minta Durfee, American actress (b. 1889) ** Ethel Griffies, British actress (b. 1878) * September 10 – Sir George Paget Thomson, British physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892) * September 15 – Pavel Sukhoi, Soviet aerospace engineer, twice Hero of Socialist Labour (b. 1895) * September 19 – Pamela Brown (actress), Pamela Brown, English actress (b. 1917) * September 20 – Saint-John Perse, French diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887) * September 23 – Ian Hunter (actor), Ian Hunter, British actor (b. 1900) * September 26 – C. H. Waddington, British biologist, paleontologist, geneticist and philosopher (b. 1905) * September 27 ** Mark Frechette, American actor (b. 1947) ** Jack Lang (Australian politician), Jack Lang, Australian politician (b. 1876) * September 29 – Casey Stengel, American baseball player and manager (b. 1890)


October

* October 3 – Guy Mollet, 94th Prime Minister of France (b. 1905) * October 4 – May Sutton, American tennis champion (b. 1886) * October 10 – Norman Levinson, American mathematician (b. 1912) * October 22 – Arnold J. Toynbee, English historian (b. 1889) * October 27 ** Peregrino Anselmo, Uruguayan football player (b. 1902) ** Rex Stout, American author (b. 1886) * October 28 – Georges Carpentier, French boxer (b. 1894) * October 30 – Gustav Ludwig Hertz, German physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)


November

* November 1 – C. S. Wright, Canadian explorer (b. 1887) * November 2 – Pier Paolo Pasolini, Italian film director (b. 1922) * November 4 – Francis Dvornik, Czech historian (b. 1893) * November 5 ** Annette Kellerman, Australian swimmer and actress (b. 1887) ** Lionel Trilling, American literary critic (b. 1905) * November 13 – R. C. Sherriff, English writer (b. 1896) * November 17 – Kay Johnson, American actress (b. 1904) * November 20 – Francisco Franco, Spanish general and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1892) * November 29 ** Tony Brise, English racing driver (b. 1952) ** Graham Hill, English racing driver (b. 1929)


December

* December 4 – Hannah Arendt, German political theorist (b. 1906) * December 7 – Thornton Wilder, American playwright (b. 1897) * December 8 – Plínio Salgado, Brazilian politician and writer (b. 1895) * December 9 – William A. Wellman, American film director (b. 1896) * December 10 – Boy Charlton, Andrew "Boy" Charlton, Australian Olympic swimmer (b. 1907) * December 12 – Saadi Al Munla, 4th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1890) * December 14 – Arthur Treacher, English actor (b. 1894) * December 15 ** Alex Aronson, Jewish-Dutch aid worker (b. 1934) ** Shigeyoshi Inoue, Japanese admiral (b. 1889) * December 17 – Noble Sissle, American jazz composer (b. 1889) * December 18 – Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ukrainian-American geneticist and evolutionary biologist (b. 1900) * December 19 – René Maheu, French professor and administrator, 6th Director-General of UNESCO (b. 1905) * December 20 – William Lundigan, American actor (b. 1914) * December 21 – Rowland V. Lee, American film director (b. 1891) * December 24 – Bernard Herrmann, American composer (b. 1911) * December 30 – Elene Akhvlediani, Soviet painter (b. 1901)


Date unknown

* Sisowath Monireth, 3rd Prime Minister of Cambodia (b. 1909)


Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Aage Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson, James Rainwater * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Eugenio Montale * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Andrei Sakharov, Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov * Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Economics – Leonid Kantorovich, Tjalling Koopmans


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1975 1975,