The year was highlighted by
protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide.
Events
January–February
![Captain Franklin P](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Captain_Franklin_P._Eller_during_Tet_Offensive_Vietnam.jpg)
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
* 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
*1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
– "
Prague Spring
The Prague Spring ( cs, Pražské jaro, sk, Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization and mass protest in
the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected First ...
":
Alexander Dubček
Alexander Dubček (; 27 November 1921 – 7 November 1992) was a Slovak politician who served as the First Secretary of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) (''de facto'' leader of Czechoslovak ...
is chosen as leader of the
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia ( Czech and Slovak: ''Komunistická strana Československa'', KSČ) was a communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992. It was a member of the Comint ...
.
*
January 10
Events Pre-1600
* 49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war.
* 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the ...
–
John Gorton
Sir John Grey Gorton (9 September 1911 – 19 May 2002) was an Australian politician who served as the nineteenth Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1968 to 1971. He led the Liberal Party during that time, having previously been a l ...
is sworn in as 19th
Prime Minister of Australia
The prime minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia. The prime minister heads the executive branch of the federal government of Australia and is also accountable to federal parliament under the princip ...
, taking over from
John McEwen
Sir John McEwen, (29 March 1900 – 20 November 1980) was an Australian politician who served as the 18th prime minister of Australia, holding office from 1967 to 1968 in a caretaker capacity after the disappearance of Harold Holt. He was the ...
after being
elected leader of the
Liberal Party
The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left.
__TOC__ Active liberal parties
This is a li ...
the previous day, following the
disappearance of Harold Holt
On 17 December 1967, Harold Holt, the Prime Minister of Australia, disappeared while swimming in the sea near Portsea, Victoria. An enormous search operation was mounted in and around Cheviot Beach, but his body was never recovered. Holt was p ...
. Gorton becomes the only
Senator
A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...
to become Prime Minister, though he immediately transfers to the
House of Representatives
House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often c ...
through the
1968 Higgins by-election in Holt's vacant seat.
*
January 15
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months.
*1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...
– The
1968 Belice earthquake
The 1968 Belice earthquake sequence took place in Sicily between 14 and 15 January. The largest shock measured 5.5 on the moment magnitude scale, with five others of magnitude 5+. The maximum perceived intensity was X (''Extreme'') on the Mer ...
in
Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
kills 380 and injures around 1,000.
*
January 21
Events Pre-1600
* 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa.
* 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when ...
**
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
:
Battle of Khe Sanh
The Battle of Khe Sanh (21 January – 9 July 1968) was conducted in the Khe Sanh area of northwestern Quảng Trị Province, Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), during the Vietnam War. The main US forces defending Khe Sanh Combat Base (KSC ...
– One of the most publicized and controversial battles of the war begins, ending on
April 8
Events Pre-1600
* 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
* 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.
*1139 – Ro ...
.
**
1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash
On 21 January 1968, an aircraft accident, sometimes known as the Thule affair or Thule accident (; da, Thuleulykken), involving a United States Air Force (USAF) B-52 bomber occurred near Thule Air Base in the Danish territory of Greenland. Th ...
: A U.S.
B-52 Stratofortress
The Boeing B-52 Stratofortress is an American long-range, subsonic, jet-powered strategic bomber. The B-52 was designed and built by Boeing, which has continued to provide support and upgrades. It has been operated by the United States Air ...
crashes in Greenland, discharging 4
nuclear bomb
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions ( thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bom ...
s.
*
January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
* 1264 & ...
–
North Korea
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu (Amnok) and T ...
seizes the , claiming the ship violated its territorial waters while spying.
*
January 25
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate.
* 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...
–
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
i submarine sinks in the Mediterranean Sea, killing 69.
![USS Pueblo (AGER-2)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/USS_Pueblo_%28AGER-2%29.jpg)
*
January 28
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany.
* 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession ...
–
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
submarine ''
Minerve'' sinks in the Mediterranean Sea, killing 52.
*
January 30
Events Pre-1600
* 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen.
*1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom.
1601–1900
* 1607 – An estimat ...
–
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: The
Tet Offensive
The Tet Offensive was a major escalation and one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War. It was launched on January 30, 1968 by forces of the Viet Cong (VC) and North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) against the forces o ...
begins as
Viet Cong
,
, war = the Vietnam War
, image = FNL Flag.svg
, caption = The flag of the Viet Cong, adopted in 1960, is a variation on the flag of North Vietnam. Sometimes the lower stripe was green.
, active ...
forces launch a series of surprise attacks across
South Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
.
*
January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
*1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...
**
Viet Cong
,
, war = the Vietnam War
, image = FNL Flag.svg
, caption = The flag of the Viet Cong, adopted in 1960, is a variation on the flag of North Vietnam. Sometimes the lower stripe was green.
, active ...
soldiers attack the
Embassy of the United States, Saigon
The United States Embassy in Saigon was first established in June 1952, and moved into a new building in 1967 and eventually closed in 1975. The embassy was the scene of a number of significant events of the Vietnam War, most notably the Viet Co ...
.
**
Nauru
Nauru ( or ; na, Naoero), officially the Republic of Nauru ( na, Repubrikin Naoero) and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country and microstate in Oceania, in the Central Pacific. Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in ...
president
Hammer DeRoburt declares independence from
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by ...
.
*
February 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer.
* 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...
**
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: A
Viet Cong
,
, war = the Vietnam War
, image = FNL Flag.svg
, caption = The flag of the Viet Cong, adopted in 1960, is a variation on the flag of North Vietnam. Sometimes the lower stripe was green.
, active ...
officer named
Nguyễn Văn Lém is executed by
Nguyễn Ngọc Loan
Major General Nguyễn Ngọc Loan (; 11 December 193014 July 1998) was a South Vietnamese general and chief of the South Vietnamese National Police.
Loan gained international attention when he summarily executed handcuffed prisoner Nguyễn ...
, a
South Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
ese National Police Chief. The event is photographed by
Eddie Adams. The photo makes headlines around the world, eventually winning the
1969 Pulitzer Prize
The following are the Pulitzer Prizes for 1969.
Journalism awards
* Public Service:
**The '' Los Angeles Times'', for its exposé of wrongdoing within the Los Angeles City Government Commissions, resulting in resignations or criminal convictio ...
, and sways U.S. public opinion against the war.
** The
Pennsylvania Railroad
The Pennsylvania Railroad (reporting mark PRR), legal name The Pennsylvania Railroad Company also known as the "Pennsy", was an American Class I railroad that was established in 1846 and headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was named ...
and the
New York Central Railroad
The New York Central Railroad was a railroad primarily operating in the Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The railroad primarily connected greater New York and Boston in the east with Chicago and St. Louis in the Mi ...
merge to form
Penn Central
The Penn Central Transportation Company, commonly abbreviated to Penn Central, was an American class I railroad that operated from 1968 to 1976. Penn Central combined three traditional corporate rivals (the Pennsylvania, New York Central and th ...
, the largest ever corporate
merger
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are business transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations, or their operating units are transferred to or consolidated with another company or business organization. As an aspec ...
up to this date.
*
February 6
Events Pre-1600
* 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop.
1601–1900
* 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death ...
–
February 18
Events Pre-1600
*1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.
* 1268 &n ...
– The
1968 Winter Olympics
The 1968 Winter Olympics, officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games (french: Les Xes Jeux olympiques d'hiver), were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 18 February 1968 in Grenoble, France. Thirty-seven countries participated. Frenchm ...
are held in
Grenoble
lat, Gratianopolis
, commune status = Prefecture and commune
, image = Panorama grenoble.png
, image size =
, caption = From upper left: Panorama of the city, Grenoble’s cable cars, place Saint- ...
, France.
*
February 12
Events Pre-1600
* 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna.
* 1429 – English forces und ...
–
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
:
Phong Nhị and Phong Nhất massacre.
*
February 24
Events Pre-1600
* 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica.
* 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence.
* ...
–
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: The
Tet Offensive
The Tet Offensive was a major escalation and one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War. It was launched on January 30, 1968 by forces of the Viet Cong (VC) and North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) against the forces o ...
is halted;
South Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
recaptures
Huế
Huế () is the capital of Thừa Thiên Huế province in central Vietnam and was the capital of Đàng Trong from 1738 to 1775 and of Vietnam during the Nguyễn dynasty from 1802 to 1945. The city served as the old Imperial City and admi ...
.
*
February 25
Events Pre-1600
*138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor.
* 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.
* ...
–
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
:
Hà My massacre
The Hà My Massacre was a massacre purportedly conducted by the South Korean Marines on 25 February 1968 of unarmed citizens in Hà My village, Điện Dương commune, Điện Bàn District, Quảng Nam Province in South Vietnam.
Prior to ...
.
March–April
![Martin Luther King, Jr](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr..jpg)
*
March 2
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome (537–38), Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoths, Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Piazza del Popolo, Flaminian Gate; he a ...
–
Baggeridge Colliery closes marking the end of over 300 years of
coal mining
Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from ...
in the
Black Country
The Black Country is an area of the West Midlands county, England covering most of the Metropolitan Boroughs of Dudley, Sandwell and Walsall. Dudley and Tipton are generally considered to be the centre. It became industrialised during its ...
of England.
*
March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
* 845 & ...
– Un-recognized
Rhodesia
Rhodesia (, ), officially from 1970 the Republic of Rhodesia, was an unrecognised state in Southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was the ''de facto'' successor state to the British colony of So ...
executes 3 black citizens, the first executions since
UDI Udi may refer to:
Places
* Udi, Enugu, a local government areas and city in Nigeria
* Udi, a place in the Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh, India
People
* Udi Gal (born 1979), Israeli Olympic sailor
* Udi Vaks (born 1979), Israeli Olympic judoka ...
, prompting international condemnation.
*
March 7
Events Pre-1600
* 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius.
* 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Co ...
–
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: The
First Battle of Saigon
The First Battle of Saigon, fought during the Tet Offensive of the Vietnam War, was the coordinated attack by communist forces, including both the North Vietnamese Army and the ''Viet Cong'' (VC), against Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam.
...
ends.
*
March 8
Events Pre-1600
* 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''.
*1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León.
* 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bou ...
** The first student protests spark the
1968 Polish political crisis
The Polish 1968 political crisis, also known in Poland as March 1968, Students' March, or March events ( pl, Marzec 1968; studencki Marzec; wydarzenia marcowe), was a series of major student, intellectual and other protests against the ruling Pol ...
.
** The
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...
ballistic missile submarine ''K-129'' sinks with all 98 crew members, about 90
nautical miles (104 miles or 167 km) southwest of
Hawaii
Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state ...
.
*
March 10
Events Pre-1600
* 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
* 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a ...
–
11 –
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
:
Battle of Lima Site 85
The Battle of Lima Site 85, also called Battle of Phou Pha Thi, was fought as part of a military campaign waged during the Vietnam War and Laotian Civil War by the North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Pathet Lao, against airm ...
, the largest single ground combat loss of United States Air Force members (12) during the (at this time) secret war later known as the
Laotian Civil War.
*
March 11
Events Pre-1600
* 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander.
* 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the ven ...
– U.S. President
Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He had previously served as the 37th vice ...
mandates that all computers purchased by the federal government support the
ASCII
ASCII ( ), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Because ...
character encoding
Character encoding is the process of assigning numbers to Graphics, graphical character (computing), characters, especially the written characters of Language, human language, allowing them to be Data storage, stored, Data communication, transmi ...
.
*
March 12
**
Mauritius
Mauritius ( ; french: Maurice, link=no ; mfe, label= Mauritian Creole, Moris ), officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It ...
achieves independence from British rule.
** U.S. President
Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He had previously served as the 37th vice ...
barely edges out antiwar candidate
Eugene McCarthy in the
New Hampshire Democratic primary, a vote which highlights the deep divisions in the country, and the party, over
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
.
*
March 13
Events Pre-1600
*624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh.
*1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War.
*1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
– The first
Rotaract
Rotaract originally began as a Rotary International youth program in 1968 aCharlotte North Rotary Clubin Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, and has grown into a major organization of 10,680 (14 Sep 2022) clubs spread around the world and ...
club is chartered in
North Charlotte, North Carolina.
*
March 14 –
Nerve gas
Nerve agents, sometimes also called nerve gases, are a class of organic chemicals that disrupt the mechanisms by which nerves transfer messages to organs. The disruption is caused by the blocking of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme that ...
leaks from the U.S. Army
Dugway Proving Ground
Dugway Proving Ground (DPG) is a U.S. Army facility established in 1942 to test biological and chemical weapons, located about southwest of Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, and south of the Utah Test and Training Range.
Location
Dugway P ...
near
Skull Valley, Utah.
*
March 16
Events Pre-1600
* 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang.
*1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.
* 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...
**
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
–
My Lai Massacre
My or MY may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* My (radio station), a Malaysian radio station
* Little My, a fictional character in the Moomins universe
* ''My'' (album), by Edyta Górniak
* ''My'' (EP), by Cho Mi-yeon
Business
* Market ...
: American troops kill scores of civilians. The story will first become public in November 1969 and will help undermine public support for the U.S. efforts in Vietnam.
** U.S. Senator
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK and by the nickname Bobby, was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, ...
enters the race for the
Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to:
*Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to:
Active parties Africa
*Botswana Democratic Party
*Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea
*Gabonese Democratic Party
*Demo ...
presidential nomination.
*
March 18
Events Pre-1600
* 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10.
* 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...
–
Gold standard
A gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is based on a fixed quantity of gold. The gold standard was the basis for the international monetary system from the 1870s to the early 1920s, and from the l ...
: The
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
repeals the requirement for a
gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from la, aurum) and atomic number 79. This makes it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. It is a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile me ...
reserve to back U.S. currency.
*
March 19
Events Pre-1600
* 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire.
* 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...
–
23 –
Afrocentrism
Afrocentrism is an approach to the study of world history that focuses on the history of people of recent African descent. It is in some respects a response to Eurocentric attitudes about African people and their historical contributions. It ...
,
Black Power,
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: Students at
Howard University
Howard University (Howard) is a Private university, private, University charter#Federal, federally chartered historically black research university in Washington, D.C. It is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classifie ...
in Washington, D.C., signal a new era of militant student activism on college campuses in the U.S. Students stage rallies, protests and a 5-day
sit-in, laying siege to the administration building, shutting down the university in protest over its
ROTC program and the Vietnam War, and demanding a more Afrocentric curriculum.
*
March 22
Events Pre-1600
* 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea.
* 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century.
* 871 – Æthelr ...
–
Daniel Cohn-Bendit
Daniel Marc Cohn-Bendit (; ; born 4 April 1945) is a French-German politician of Jewish descent. He was a student leader during the unrest of May 1968 in France and was also known during that time as ''Dany le Rouge'' (French for "Danny the Red" ...
("Danny the Red") and 7 other students occupy the administrative offices of the
University of Nanterre, setting in motion a chain of events that lead France to the brink of revolution in May.
*
March 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6.
*1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margate o ...
–
Aer Lingus Flight 712
Aer Lingus Flight 712 crashed en route from Cork to London on 24 March 1968 killing all 61 passengers and crew. The aircraft, a Vickers Viscount 803 named "St. Phelim", crashed into the sea off Tuskar Rock, County Wexford. Although the inves ...
crashes en route from
Cork to London near
Tuskar Rock, Wexford, killing 61 passengers and crew.
*
March 28
Events Pre-1600
* AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate.
* 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
–
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
ian high school student
Edson Luís de Lima Souto
Edson Luís de Lima Souto (; February 24, 1950 – March 28, 1968) was a Brazilian teenage student killed by the military police of Rio de Janeiro after a confrontation in the restaurant Calabouço (), in downtown Rio de Janeiro. Edson was one o ...
is shot by the police in a protest for cheaper meals at a restaurant for low-income students. The aftermath of his death is one of the first major events against the
military dictatorship.
*
April 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St. J ...
– Bombs explode at midnight in two department stores in
Frankfurt-am-Main;
Andreas Baader
Berndt Andreas Baader (6 May 1943 – 18 October 1977) was one of the first leaders of the West German left-wing militant organization Red Army Faction (RAF), also commonly known as ''the Baader-Meinhof Group''.
Life
Andreas Baader was born i ...
and
Gudrun Ensslin
Gudrun Ensslin (; 15 August 1940 – 18 October 1977) was a German far-left terrorist and founder of the West German far-left militant group Red Army Faction (, or RAF, also known as the Baader-Meinhof Gang).
After becoming involved with co-foun ...
are later arrested and sentenced for
arson.
*
April 4
**
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.:
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist, one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968 ...
is shot dead at the
Lorraine Motel
Lorraine , also , , ; Lorrain: ''Louréne''; Lorraine Franconian: ''Lottringe''; german: Lothringen ; lb, Loutrengen; nl, Lotharingen is a cultural and historical region in Northeastern France, now located in the administrative region of Gra ...
in
Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis is a city in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the seat of Shelby County in the southwest part of the state; it is situated along the Mississippi River. With a population of 633,104 at the 2020 U.S. census, Memphis is the second-mos ...
.
King-assassination riots
The King assassination riots, also known as the Holy Week Uprising, were a wave of civil disturbance which swept the United States following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968. Many believe them to be the greatest wav ...
erupt in major American cities, lasting for several days afterwards.
**
Apollo program: Apollo-Saturn mission 502 (
Apollo 6
Apollo 6 (April 4, 1968), also known as AS-502, was the third and final uncrewed flight in the United States' Apollo Program and the second test of the Saturn V launch vehicle. It qualified the Saturn V to be used on crewed missions, as happen ...
) is launched, as the second and last uncrewed test-flight of the
Saturn V
Saturn V is a retired American super heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by NASA under the Apollo program for human exploration of the Moon. The rocket was human-rated, with three stages, and powered with liquid fuel. It was flown from 196 ...
launch vehicle.
**
AEK Athens
A.E.K ( el, AEK , formally Αθλητική Ένωσις Κωνσταντινουπόλεως; Athlitikí Énosis Konstantinoupόleos, ''Athletic Union of Constantinople''), known as A.E.K, is a major Greek multi-sport club based in Nea Filadel ...
wins the
FIBA European Cup Winners Cup Final in
basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately in diameter) through the defender's h ...
against
Slavia Prague
Sportovní klub Slavia Praha – fotbal (Sports Club Slavia Prague – Football, ), commonly known as Slavia Praha or Slavia Prague, is a Czech professional football club in Prague. Founded in 1892, they are the second most successful club in ...
, in front of a record attendance of 80,000 spectators. It is the first major European trophy won at club level of any sport in Greece.
*
April 6
Events Pre–1600
*46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus.
* 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia.
*13 ...
** "
La, la, la
"La, la, la" is a song recorded by Spanish singer Massiel, written by Manuel de la Calva and Ramón Arcusa. It is best known as the Spanish winning entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1968 in London. It was the first time that Spain won the C ...
" by
Massiel
María de los Ángeles Felisa Santamaría Espinosa (born 2 August 1947), professionally known as Massiel, is a Spanish pop singer. She won the Eurovision Song Contest 1968 with the song "La, la, la", beating the British pop singer Cliff Richard' ...
(music and lyrics by Manuel de la Calva and Ramón Arcusa) wins the
Eurovision Song Contest 1968
The Eurovision Song Contest 1968 was the 13th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in London, United Kingdom, following the country's first victory at the with the song " Puppet on a String" by Sandie Shaw. Despite havi ...
for Spain, at the
Royal Albert Hall in London.
** A shootout between
Black Panthers and police in
Oakland, California
Oakland is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. A major West Coast of the United States, West Coast port, Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the third ...
, results in several arrests and deaths, including 17-year-old Panther
Bobby Hutton
Robert James Hutton (April 21, 1950 – April 6, 1968), also known as "Lil' Bobby", was the treasurer and first recruit to join the Black Panther Party. .
**
Richmond, Indiana explosion
The Richmond, Indiana, explosion was a double explosion in the United States in 1968. It occurred at 1:47 PM EST on April 6, in downtown Richmond, Indiana. The explosions killed 41 people and injured more than 150. The primary explosion was du ...
: A double explosion in downtown
Richmond kills 41 and injures 150.
*
April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
– British racing driver
Jim Clark is killed in a
Formula 2
Formula Two (F2 or Formula 2) is a type of open-wheel formula racing category first codified in 1948. It was replaced in 1985 by Formula 3000, but revived by the FIA from 2009–2012 in the form of the FIA Formula Two Championship. The name re ...
race at
Hockenheim
Hockenheim () is a town in northwest Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about 20 km south of Mannheim and 10 km west of Walldorf. It is located in the Upper Rhine valley on the tourist theme routes "Baden Asparagus Route" () and Bertha Benz M ...
.
*
April 10
Events Pre-1600
* 428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople.
* 837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles).
* 140 ...
– The ferry strikes a
reef
A reef is a ridge or shoal of rock, coral or similar relatively stable material, lying beneath the surface of a natural body of water. Many reefs result from natural, abiotic processes— deposition of sand, wave erosion planing down rock o ...
at the mouth of
Wellington Harbour, New Zealand, with the loss of 53 lives, in Cyclone Giselle, which has created the windiest conditions ever recorded in New Zealand.
*
April 11
Events Pre-1600
* 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
*1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.
*1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferrare ...
**
Josef Bachmann
Josef Erwin Bachmann (12 October 1944 – 24 February 1970) became widely known in Germany for his assassination attempt on the Marxist activist Rudi Dutschke, firing three bullets at him, on 11 April 1968. Bachmann was convicted of the attack ...
tries to assassinate
Rudi Dutschke
Alfred Willi Rudolf "Rudi" Dutschke (; 7 March 1940 – 24 December 1979) was a German sociologist and political activist who, until severely injured by an assassin in 1968, was a leading charismatic figure within the West German Socialist Stu ...
, leader of the left-wing movement (
APO) in Germany, and tries to commit suicide afterwards, failing in both, although Dutschke dies of his brain injuries 11 years later.
** German left-wing students blockade the
Springer Press HQ in Berlin and many are arrested (one of them
Ulrike Meinhof
Ulrike Marie Meinhof (7 October 1934 – 9 May 1976) was a German left-wing journalist and founding member of the Red Army Faction (RAF) in West Germany, commonly referred to in the press as the "Baader-Meinhof gang". She is the reputed author ...
).
*
April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
*1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
*1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys ...
–
Pierre Elliott Trudeau
Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau ( , ; October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), also referred to by his initials PET, was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 15th prime minister of Canada from 1968 to 1979 and ...
becomes the 15th Prime Minister of Canada.
*
April 23
** President
Mobutu
Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga (; born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; 14 October 1930 – 7 September 1997) was a Congolese politician and military officer who was the president of Zaire from 1965 to 1997 (known as the Democratic Republic o ...
releases captured
mercenaries in the
Congo.
** Surgeons at the Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, perform Europe's first heart transplant, on Clovis Roblain.
** The
United Methodist Church
The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a worldwide mainline Protestant denomination based in the United States, and a major part of Methodism. In the 19th century, its main predecessor, the Methodist Episcopal Church, was a leader in evangelic ...
is created by the union in
Dallas
Dallas () is the List of municipalities in Texas, third largest city in Texas and the largest city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the List of metropolitan statistical areas, fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States at 7.5 ...
, Texas, of the former Methodist and Evangelical United Brethren churches.
*
April 23–
30 –
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
:
Columbia University protests of 1968
In 1968, a series of protests at Columbia University in New York City were one among the various student demonstrations that occurred around the globe in that year. The Columbia protests erupted over the spring of that year after students disc ...
– Student protesters at
Columbia University
Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhatt ...
in New York City take over administration buildings and shut down the university.
*
April 26
Events Pre-1600
* 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
*1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe.
* 1 ...
– The
nuclear weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions ( thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bom ...
"Boxcar" is
tested
''Tested'' is a live album by punk rock band Bad Religion. It was recorded in the USA, Canada, Germany, Estonia, Denmark, Italy and Austria, in 1996, and released in 1997. It is Bad Religion's second live album. Instead of using crowd microphon ...
at the
Nevada Test Site
The Nevada National Security Site (N2S2 or NNSS), known as the Nevada Test Site (NTS) until 2010, is a United States Department of Energy (DOE) reservation located in southeastern Nye County, Nevada, about 65 miles (105 km) northwest of the ...
in the biggest detonation of
Operation Crosstie
Operation Crosstie was a series of 48 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1967–1968 at the Nevada Test Site. These tests followed the ''Operation Latchkey'' series and preceded the ''Operation Bowline'' series.
Nuclear tests
Gas ...
.
May–June
*
May 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
*1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great.
* 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...
– The
Israel Broadcasting Authority
The Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA; ) was Israel's public broadcaster from 1948 to 2017.
History
The Israel Broadcasting Authority was an outgrowth of the radio station ''Kol Yisrael'', which made its first broadcast as an independent st ...
commences television broadcasts.
*
May 3
Events Pre-1600
* 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne.
* 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties.
...
–
Braniff Flight 352
Braniff International Airways Flight 352 was a scheduled domestic flight from William P. Hobby Airport in Houston, Texas, United States, to Dallas Love Field in Dallas; on May 3, 1968, a Lockheed L-188A Electra flying on the route, registration ...
crashes near
Dawson, Texas
Dawson is a town in Navarro County, in the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 807 at the 2010 census.
History
The town was established in 1847 and was the second town established in the county.
Geography
Dawson is located at (31.895427 ...
, United States, killing all 85 people on board.
*
May 13
Events Pre-1600
*1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book '' Revelations of Divine Love''.
* 1501 – Amerigo Vespu ...
–
Paris student riots: One million march through the streets of Paris.
*
May 13
Events Pre-1600
*1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book '' Revelations of Divine Love''.
* 1501 – Amerigo Vespu ...
–
Manchester City wins the
1967–68 Football League First Division by 2 clear points, over club rivals Manchester United
*
May 16 –
Ronan Point
Ronan Point was a 22-storey tower block in Canning Town in Newham, East London, that partly collapsed on 16 May 1968, only two months after it had opened. A gas explosion blew out some load-bearing walls, causing the collapse of one entire cor ...
, a 23 floor tower block in Canning Town, east London, partially collapses after a gas explosion, killing 5.
*
May 17
Events Pre-1600
*1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army.
*1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason.
* 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...
– The
Catonsville Nine
The Catonsville Nine were nine Catholic activists who burned draft files to protest the Vietnam War. On May 17, 1968, they took 378 draft files from the draft board office in Catonsville, Maryland and burned them in the parking lot.
List of the ...
enter the
Selective Service
The Selective Service System (SSS) is an independent agency of the United States government that maintains information on U.S. citizens and other U.S. residents potentially subject to military conscription (i.e., the draft) and carries out contin ...
offices in
Catonsville, Maryland, take dozens of selective service draft records, and burn them with
napalm
Napalm is an incendiary mixture of a gelling agent and a volatile petrochemical (usually gasoline (petrol) or diesel fuel). The name is a portmanteau of two of the constituents of the original thickening and gelling agents: coprecipitated alu ...
as a protest against the
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
.
*
May 18
Events Pre-1600
* 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople.
* 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of ...
**
Mattel
Mattel, Inc. ( ) is an American multinational toy manufacturing and entertainment company founded in January 1945 and headquartered in El Segundo, California. The company has presence in 35 countries and territories and sells products in more ...
's ''
Hot Wheels'' toy cars are introduced.
**
West Bromwich Albion
West Bromwich Albion Football Club () is an English professional football club based in West Bromwich, West Midlands, England. They compete in the EFL Championship, the second tier of English football. The club was formed in 1878 and has pl ...
win the Football Association Cup, defeating Everton 1–0 after extra time. The winning goal is scored by
Jeff Astle
Jeffrey Astle (13 May 1942 – 19 January 2002) was an English professional footballer who played the majority of his career as a centre-forward for West Bromwich Albion. Nicknamed "the King" by the club's fans, he played 361 games for them and ...
.
*
May 19
Events
Pre-1600
* 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace.
* 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected.
*1051 – Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev.
*1445 &nda ...
**
A general election is held in Italy.
** Nigerian forces capture
Port Harcourt and form a ring around the
Biafrans. This contributes to a humanitarian disaster as the surrounded population already suffers from hunger and starvation.
*
May 22
Events Pre-1600
* 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu.
* 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt.
* 1 ...
– The U.S. nuclear-powered
submarine ''Scorpion'' sinks with 99 men aboard, 400 miles southwest of the
Azores
)
, motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace")
, anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores")
, image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg
, map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union
, map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...
.
*
May 29
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city.
* 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
–
Manchester United wins the
European Cup Final, becoming the first English team to do so.
*
May 30 –
Bobby Unser
Robert William Unser (February 20, 1934 – May 2, 2021) was an American automobile racer. At his induction into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1994, he had the fourth most IndyCar Series wins at 35 (behind his brother Al, A. J. F ...
wins the
Indianapolis 500
The Indianapolis 500, formally known as the Indianapolis 500-Mile Race, and commonly called the Indy 500, is an annual automobile race held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS) in Speedway, Indiana, United States, an enclave suburb of Indi ...
.
*
June 2
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks.
* 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601 ...
–
Student demonstrations in Yugoslavia start in
Belgrade.
*
June 3
Events Pre-1600
* 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
* 713 – The Byzantine emperor Philippicus is blinded, depos ...
–
Radical feminist
Radical feminism is a perspective within feminism that calls for a radical re-ordering of society in which male supremacy is eliminated in all social and economic contexts, while recognizing that women's experiences are also affected by other ...
Valerie Solanas
Valerie Jean Solanas (April 9, 1936 – April 25, 1988) was an American radical feminist known for the ''SCUM Manifesto'', which she self-published in 1967, and for her attempt to murder artist Andy Warhol in 1968.
Solanas had a turbulent child ...
shoots
Andy Warhol
Andy Warhol (; born Andrew Warhola Jr.; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American visual artist, film director, and producer who was a leading figure in the Art movement, visual art movement known as pop art. His works explore th ...
at his New York City studio,
The Factory
The Factory was Andy Warhol's studio in New York City, which had four locations between 1963 and 1987. The Factory became famed for its parties in the 1960s. It was the hip hangout spot for artists, musicians, celebrities and Warhol's superstar ...
; he survives after a 5-hour operation.
*
June 4
Events Pre-1600
*1411 – King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries.
* 1561 – The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathedr ...
– The
Standard & Poor's 500 index in the United States closes above 100 for the first time, at 100.38.
*
June 5 –
Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
On June 5, 1968, Robert F. Kennedy was shot by Sirhan Sirhan shortly after midnight at the Ambassador Hotel, Los Angeles. He was pronounced dead at 1:44 a.m. PDT the following day.
Kennedy was a senator from New York and a candidate ...
: U.S. presidential candidate
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK and by the nickname Bobby, was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, ...
is shot at the
Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles.
Sirhan Sirhan
Sirhan Bishara Sirhan (; ar, سرحان بشارة سرحان ''Sirḥān Bišāra Sirḥān'', born March 19, 1944) is a Palestinian Jordanian man who was convicted for the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy.
Kennedy, a United States Sena ...
is arrested.
*
June 7
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire).
* 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state.
* 1002 – Henr ...
– The
Ford sewing machinists strike for
equal pay
Equal pay for equal work is the concept of labour rights that individuals in the same workplace be given equal pay. It is most commonly used in the context of sexual discrimination, in relation to the gender pay gap. Equal pay relates to the full ...
starts at the
Ford Dagenham
Ford Dagenham is a major automotive factory located in Dagenham, London, operated by the Ford of Britain subsidiary of Ford Motor Company. The plant opened in 1931 and has produced 10,980,368 cars and more than 39,000,000 engines in its history ...
plant in London.
*
June 10
Events Pre-1600
* 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu.
*1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...
–
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
beats
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
2–0 in a replay to win the
1968 European Championship. The original final on
June 8
Events Pre-1600
* 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus.
* 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern province ...
ended 1–1.
*
June 12
Events Pre-1600
* 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors.
* 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of Fr ...
– The horror film ''
Rosemary's Baby'' premieres in the U.S.
*
June 17
Events Pre-1600
* 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism.
*1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...
– The
Malayan Communist Party
The Malayan Communist Party (MCP), officially the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM), was a Marxist–Leninist and anti-imperialist communist party which was active in British Malaya and later, the modern states of Malaysia and Singapore from ...
launches a
second insurgency and the state of emergency is again imposed in
Malaysia
Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...
.
*
June 20 –
Austin Currie
Joseph Austin Currie (11 October 1939 – 9 November 2021) was an Irish politician who served as a Minister of State for Justice with responsibility for Children's Rights from 1994 to 1997. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin Wes ...
, Member of the
Parliament of Northern Ireland
The Parliament of Northern Ireland was the home rule legislature of Northern Ireland, created under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, which sat from 7 June 1921 to 30 March 1972, when it was suspended because of its inability to restore ord ...
, along with others, squats in a house in
Caledon to protest discrimination in housing allocations.
*
June 23
**
Puerta 12 tragedy: A football stampede in
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...
leaves 74 dead and 150 injured.
** The first round of voting takes place in the
French legislative elections scheduled following the public unrest of
May
May is the fifth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is the third of seven months to have a length of 31 days.
May is a month of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, May ...
.
*
June 26
Events Pre-1600
* 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius.
* 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar.
* 363 – Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat fr ...
** The
Bonin Islands
The Bonin Islands, also known as the , are an archipelago of over 30 subtropical and tropical islands, some directly south of Tokyo, Japan and northwest of Guam. The name "Bonin Islands" comes from the Japanese word ''bunin'' (an archaic read ...
are returned to Japan after 23 years of occupation by the United States Navy.
** The "
March of the One Hundred Thousand The March of the One Hundred Thousand ( pt, Passeata dos Cem Mil) was a manifestation of popular protest against the Military dictatorship in Brazil, which occurred on June 26, 1968 in Rio de Janeiro, organized by the student movement and with the p ...
" takes place in
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...
as crowds demonstrate against the
Brazilian military government.
July–August
![František Dostál Srpen 1968 3](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Franti%C5%A1ek_Dost%C3%A1l_Srpen_1968_3.jpg)
*
July 1 – The
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation ...
opens for signature.
*
July 4
Events Pre-1600
*362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans.
* 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaime ...
– British yachtsman
Alec Rose
Sir Alec Rose (13 July 1908 – 11 January 1991) was a nursery owner and fruit merchant in England who, after serving in the Royal Navy during World War II, developed a passion for amateur single-handed sailing. He took part in the second single-h ...
, 59, receives a hero's welcome as he sails into
Portsmouth
Portsmouth ( ) is a port and city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire in southern England. The city of Portsmouth has been a unitary authority since 1 April 1997 and is administered by Portsmouth City Council.
Portsmouth is the most dens ...
, after his 354-day round-the-world trip.
*
July 17
Events Pre-1600
* 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.
*1048 – Damasu ...
–
Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein ( ; ar, صدام حسين, Ṣaddām Ḥusayn; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolutio ...
becomes Vice Chairman of the Revolutionary Council in
Iraq
Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and K ...
after a ''
coup d'état
A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, m ...
''.
*
July 18
Events Pre-1600
* 477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army.
* 387 BC – Roman- Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, l ...
– The semiconductor company
Intel
Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California. It is the world's largest semiconductor chip manufacturer by revenue, and is one of the developers of the x86 seri ...
is founded.
*
July 20
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots.
* 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defea ...
– The first International
Special Olympics
Special Olympics is the world's largest sports organization for children and adults with intellectual disabilities and physical disabilities, providing year-round training and activities to 5 million participants and Unified Sports partners in ...
Summer Games are held at
Soldier Field
Soldier Field is a multi-purpose stadium on the Near South Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Opened in 1924 and reconstructed in 2003, the stadium has served as the home of the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL) since ...
in Chicago, Ill, with about 1,000 athletes with intellectual disabilities.
*
July 23
Events Pre-1600
* 811 – Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures Khan Krum's treasury.
*1319 – A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet off Chios. 1 ...
–
28 – Black militants led by Fred (Ahmed) Evans engage in a fierce gunfight with police in the
Glenville Shootout of
Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States.
*
July 25
Events Pre-1600
* 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
* 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...
–
Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI ( la, Paulus VI; it, Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini, ; 26 September 18976 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his death in Augus ...
publishes the
encyclical entitled ''
Humanae vitae
''Humanae vitae'' (Latin: ''Of Human Life'') is an encyclical written by Pope Paul VI and dated 25 July 1968. The text was issued at a Vatican press conference on 29 July. Subtitled ''On the Regulation of Birth'', it re-affirmed the teaching o ...
'', on
birth control.
*
July 26
Events Pre-1600
* 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I.
* 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is se ...
– Vietnam War:
South Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
ese opposition leader
Trương Đình Dzu is sentenced to 5 years
hard labor, for advocating the formation of a
coalition government as a way to move toward an end to the
war
War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular o ...
.
*
July 29
Events Pre-1600
* 587 BC – The Neo-Babylonian Empire sacks Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple.
* 615 – Pakal ascends the throne of Palenque at the age of 12.
* 904 – Sack of Thessalonica: Saracen raiders under Leo ...
–
Arenal Volcano
Arenal Volcano ( es, Volcán Arenal) is an active andesitic stratovolcano in north-western Costa Rica around northwest of San José, in the province of Alajuela, canton of San Carlos, and district of La Fortuna. The Arenal volcano measures ...
erupts in
Costa Rica for the first time in centuries.
*
August 1
Events Pre-1600
*30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic.
*AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under ...
– The
Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul
Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul (Portuguese: ''Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul'', USCS) is a university in São Caetano do Sul, Brazil.
History
The institution was first known as ''Faculdade Municipal de Ciências Econ ...
is established in
São Caetano do Sul,
São Paulo
São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for ' Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the Ga ...
.
*
August 2 – The magnitude () 7.6
Casiguran earthquake affects the
Aurora province in the Philippines with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''), killing at least 207 and injuring 261.
*
August 5
Events Pre-1600
*AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty.
* 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...
–
8 – The
Republican National Convention in
Miami Beach, Florida nominates
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was ...
for U.S. president and
Spiro Agnew
Spiro Theodore Agnew (November 9, 1918 – September 17, 1996) was the 39th vice president of the United States, serving from 1969 until his resignation in 1973. He is the second vice president to resign the position, the other being John ...
for vice president.
*
August 11 – The last steam passenger train service runs in Britain. A selection of
British Railways steam
locomotives make the 120-mile journey from
Liverpool
Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a populat ...
to
Carlisle and return to Liverpool – the journey is known as the
Fifteen Guinea Special
The ''Fifteen Guinea Special'' was the last main-line passenger train to be hauled by steam locomotive power on British Rail on 11 August 1968 before the introduction of a steam ban that started the following day, the extra day added to allow fo ...
.
*
August 18
Events Pre-1600
* 684 – Battle of Marj Rahit: Umayyad partisans defeat the supporters of Ibn al-Zubayr and cement Umayyad control of Syria.
* 707 – Princess Abe accedes to the imperial Japanese throne as Empress Genmei.
*1304 & ...
– Two charter buses are forced into the
Hida River on National Highway Route 41 in Japan in an accident caused by heavy rain; 104 are killed.
*
August 20
Events Pre-1600
* AD 14 – Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is mysteriously executed by his guards while in exile.
* 636 – Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take con ...
–
21 –
Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
The Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia refers to the events of 20–21 August 1968, when the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was jointly invaded by four Warsaw Pact countries: the Soviet Union, the Polish People's Republic, the People's Rep ...
: The '
Prague Spring
The Prague Spring ( cs, Pražské jaro, sk, Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization and mass protest in
the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected First ...
' of political liberalization ends, as 750,000
Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact (WP) or Treaty of Warsaw, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist repub ...
troops and 6,500
tank
A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engi ...
s with 800 aircraft invade
Czechoslovakia
, rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי,
, common_name = Czechoslovakia
, life_span = 1918–19391945–1992
, p1 = Austria-Hungary
, image_p1 ...
, the largest military operation in Europe since the end of World War II.
*
August 24
Events Pre-1600
* 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father.
* 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is written. ...
–
Canopus (nuclear test)
''Canopus'' (or ''Opération Canopus'') was the codename of the first French two-stage thermonuclear test. It was conducted by the Pacific Carrier Battle Group (nicknamed ''Alfa Force'') on 24 August 1968, at the Pacific Experiments Centre near ...
: France explodes its first
hydrogen bomb in a test at
Fangataufa
Fangataufa (or Fangatafoa) is an uninhabited coral atoll in the eastern part of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. The atoll has been fully-owned by the French state since 1964. From 1966 to 1996 it was used as a nuclear test site by ...
atoll in
French Polynesia.
*
August 22
Events Pre-1600
* 392 – Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
* 851 – Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland.
*1138 – Battle of the Standard between Scotland a ...
–
30 – Police clash with anti-war protesters in
Chicago
(''City in a Garden''); I Will
, image_map =
, map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago
, coordinates =
, coordinates_footnotes =
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name ...
outside the
1968 Democratic National Convention
The 1968 Democratic National Convention was held August 26–29 at the International Amphitheatre in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Earlier that year incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson had announced he would not seek reelection, thus maki ...
, which nominates
Hubert Humphrey
Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978) was an American pharmacist and politician who served as the 38th vice president of the United States from 1965 to 1969. He twice served in the United States Senate, representing Mi ...
for U.S. president and
Edmund Muskie for vice president. The riots and subsequent trials are an essential part of the activism of the
Youth International Party
The Youth International Party (YIP), whose members were commonly called Yippies, was an American youth-oriented radical and countercultural revolutionary offshoot of the free speech and anti-war movements of the late 1960s. It was founded o ...
.
*
August 29
Events Pre-1600
* 708 – Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708).
* 870 – The city of Melite surrenders to an Aghlabid army following a siege, putting an end to Byzantine M ...
–
Crown Prince Harald of Norway marries
Sonja Haraldsen, the commoner he has dated for 9 years.
September–October
![1968 Mexico emblem](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/1968_Mexico_emblem.svg)
*
September 6
Events Pre-1600
* 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: Roman emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills Eugenius the usurper. His Frankish ''magister militum'' Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later.
*1492 – Christopher Colu ...
–
Swaziland (now eSwatini) becomes independent.
*
September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
*1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen.
*1191 – Third Cr ...
**The crash of
Air France Flight 1611
__NOTOC__
Air France Flight 1611 (AF1611) was a Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle III en route from Ajaccio, in the island of Corsica, to Nice, France, on 11 September 1968 when it crashed into the Mediterranean Sea off Nice, killing all 95 on ...
kills 95 people, including French Army General
René Cogny, as the
Caravelle jetliner plunges into the
Mediterranean
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western Europe, Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa ...
Sea while making its approach to
Nice
Nice ( , ; Niçard dialect, Niçard: , classical norm, or , nonstandard, ; it, Nizza ; lij, Nissa; grc, Νίκαια; la, Nicaea) is the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes departments of France, department in France. The Nice urban unit, agg ...
following its departure from the island of
Corsica.
* The
International Association of Classification Societies
The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) is a technically based non-governmental organization that currently consists of eleven member marine classification societies. More than 90% of the world's cargo-carrying ships’ ton ...
(IACS) is founded.
*
September 13
Events Pre-1600
* 585 BC – Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victories over the Sabines, and the surrender of Collatia.
* 509 BC – The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Rome's Capitoline Hi ...
**
Albania
Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...
officially withdraws from the Warsaw Pact upon the Soviet Union-led
Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
The Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia refers to the events of 20–21 August 1968, when the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was jointly invaded by four Warsaw Pact countries: the Soviet Union, the Polish People's Republic, the People's Rep ...
, having already ceased to participate actively in Pact activity since 1962.
*
September 17 – The
D'Oliveira affair
The D'Oliveira affair was a prolonged political and sporting controversy relating to the scheduled 1968–69 tour of South Africa by the England cricket team, who were officially representing the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). The point of cont ...
: The
Marylebone Cricket Club
Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) is a cricket club founded in 1787 and based since 1814 at Lord's Cricket Ground, which it owns, in St John's Wood, London. The club was formerly the governing body of cricket retaining considerable global influence ...
tour of South Africa is cancelled when the South Africans refuse to accept the presence of
Basil D'Oliveira
Basil Lewis D'Oliveira CBE OIS (4 October 1931 – 19 November 2011) was an England international cricketer of South African Cape Coloured background, whose potential selection by England for the scheduled 1968–69 tour of apartheid-era South ...
, a
Cape Coloured
Cape Coloureds () are a South African ethnic group consisted primarily of persons of mixed race and Khoisan descent. Although Coloureds form a minority group within South Africa, they are the predominant population group in the Western Cape ...
, in the side.
*
September 21
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power.
* 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders.
* 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...
– The Soviet's
Zond 5
Zond 5 (russian: Зонд 5, lit=Probe 5) was a spacecraft of the Soviet Zond program. In September 1968 it became the first spaceship to travel to and circle the Moon, the first Moon mission to include animals, and the first to return safely to ...
uncrewed lunar flyby mission returns to earth, with its first-of-a-kind biological payload intact.
*
September 23 –
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: The
Tet Offensive
The Tet Offensive was a major escalation and one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War. It was launched on January 30, 1968 by forces of the Viet Cong (VC) and North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) against the forces o ...
comes to an end in
South Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
.
*
September 27
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme river, beginning the Norman conquest of England.
* 1331 – The Battle of Płowce is fought, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teuton ...
–
Marcelo Caetano
Marcelo José das Neves Alves Caetano (; 17 August 1906 – 26 October 1980) was a Portuguese politician and scholar. He was the second and last leader of the Estado Novo after succeeding António Salazar. He served as prime minister from 196 ...
becomes
prime minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...
of Portugal.
*
September 29
Events Pre-1600
*61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday.
* 1011 – Danes capture Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah, ...
– A
referendum
A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...
in Greece gives more power to the military junta.
*
October 2
Events Pre-1600
* 829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor.
* 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and ...
–
Tlatelolco massacre
On October 2, 1968 in the Tlatelolco section of Mexico City, the Mexican Armed Forces opened fire on a group of unarmed civilians in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas who were protesting the upcoming 1968 Summer Olympics. The Mexican government and ...
: A student demonstration ends in bloodbath at La Plaza de las Tres Culturas in
Tlatelolco, Mexico City, Mexico, 10 days before the inauguration of the
1968 Summer Olympics
The 1968 Summer Olympics ( es, Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968), officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad ( es, Juegos de la XIX Olimpiada) and commonly known as Mexico 1968 ( es, México 1968), were an international multi-sport eve ...
. 300-400 are estimated to have been killed.
*
October 3
Events Pre-1600
* 2457 BC – Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (환웅) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day.
* 52 BC – Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Juliu ...
– In
Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
, image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
, other_symbol = Great Seal of the State
, other_symbol_type = National seal
, national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...
,
Juan Velasco Alvarado takes power in a revolution.
*
October 8
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Constantine I defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories.
* 451 – The first session of the Council of Chalcedon begins.
* 876 – Frankish forces led by Louis the Younger preven ...
–
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
–
Operation Sealords: United States and
South Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
ese forces launch a new operation in the
Mekong Delta.
*
October 11
Events Pre-1600
*1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo; it is one of the most destructive earthquakes ever.
*1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars.
* 1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of Engl ...
**
Apollo program:
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil List of government space agencies, space program ...
launches ''
Apollo 7'', the first crewed Apollo mission (
Wally Schirra
Walter Marty Schirra Jr. (, March 12, 1923 – May 3, 2007) was an American naval aviator, test pilot, and NASA astronaut. In 1959, he became one of the original seven astronauts chosen for Project Mercury, which was the United States' f ...
,
Donn Eisele,
Walter Cunningham
Ronnie Walter Cunningham (born March 16, 1932) is a retired American astronaut. In 1968, he was a lunar module pilot on the Apollo 7 mission. He was NASA's third civilian astronaut (after Neil Armstrong and Elliot See), and has also been a ...
). Mission goals include the first live
television
Television, sometimes shortened to TV, is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound. The term can refer to a television set, or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertisin ...
broadcast from
orbit
In celestial mechanics, an orbit is the curved trajectory of an object such as the trajectory of a planet around a star, or of a natural satellite around a planet, or of an artificial satellite around an object or position in space such as ...
and simulating
lunar module rendezvous and docking, using the
S-IVB
The S-IVB (pronounced "S-four-B") was the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB launch vehicles. Built by the Douglas Aircraft Company, it had one J-2 rocket engine. For lunar missions it was fired twice: first for Earth ...
rocket stage as a test target.
** In
Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Co ...
, a military ''coup d'état'', led by Col. Boris Martinez and Col.
Omar Torrijos
Omar Efraín Torrijos Herrera (February 13, 1929 – July 31, 1981) was the Commander of the Panamanian National Guard and military leader of Panama from 1968 to his death in 1981. Torrijos was never officially the president of Panama, ...
, overthrows the democratically elected (but highly controversial) government of President
Arnulfo Arias
Arnulfo Arias Madrid (15 August 1901 – 10 August 1988) was a Panamanian politician, medical doctor, and writer who served as the President of Panama from 1940 to 1941, again from 1949 to 1951, and finally for 11 days in October 1968.
Thro ...
. Within a year, Torrijos ousts Martinez and takes charge as de facto
Head of Government
The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, ...
in Panama.
*
October 12
Events Pre-1600
* 539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire. (Julian calendar)
* 633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance u ...
–
27 – The
Games of the XIX Olympiad
The 1968 Summer Olympics ( es, Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968), officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad ( es, Juegos de la XIX Olimpiada) and commonly known as Mexico 1968 ( es, México 1968), were an international multi-sport eve ...
are held in Mexico City, Mexico.
*
October 12
Events Pre-1600
* 539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire. (Julian calendar)
* 633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance u ...
–
Equatorial Guinea receives its independence from Spain.
*
October 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings.
* 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's ...
**
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: The
United States Department of Defense
The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government directly related to national sec ...
announces that the
United States Army
The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare, land military branch, service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight Uniformed services of the United States, U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army o ...
and
United States Marines
The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through com ...
will send about 24,000 troops back to
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
for involuntary second tours.
*
October 16
Events Pre-1600
* 456 – Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire.
* 690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire.
* ...
** In Mexico City, African-American athletes
Tommie Smith
Tommie C. Smith (born June 6, 1944) is an American former track and field athlete and former wide receiver in the American Football League. At the 1968 Summer Olympics, Smith, aged 24, won the 200-meter sprint finals and gold medal in 19.83&nb ...
and
John Carlos raise their fists in a
black power salute after winning, respectively, the gold and bronze medals in the Olympic men's 200 metres.
**
Kingston, Jamaica is rocked by the
Rodney Riots
The Rodney riots were riots and civil disturbances in Kingston, Jamaica in October 1968.
The riots were sparked by the Jamaican government of Hugh Shearer banning Guyanese university lecturer Dr. Walter Rodney from returning to his teaching p ...
, provoked by the banning of
Walter Rodney
Walter Anthony Rodney (23 March 1942 – 13 June 1980) was a Guyanese historian, political activist and academic. His notable works include '' How Europe Underdeveloped Africa'', first published in 1972. Rodney was assassinated in Georgeto ...
from the country.
*
October 18
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self-inflicted starvation.
* 320 – Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philos ...
– US athlete
Bob Beamon
Robert Beamon (born August 29, 1946) is an American former track and field athlete, best known for his world record in the long jump at the Mexico City Olympics in 1968. By jumping 8.90 m (29 ft. 2.5 in), he broke the existing record by ...
breaks the long jump world record by 55 cm / 21 ins at the
Olympics in
Mexico City
Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital city, capital and primate city, largest city of Mexico, and the List of North American cities by population, most populous city in North Amer ...
. His record stands for 23 years, and is still the second longest jump in history.
*
October 25
Events Pre-1600
* 285 (or 286) – Execution of Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers.
* 473 – Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II a ...
–
Led Zeppelin
Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968. The group comprised vocalist Robert Plant, guitarist Jimmy Page, bassist/keyboardist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham. With a heavy, guitar-driven sound, they are ci ...
make their first live performance, at
Surrey University in England
*
October 31
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Romulus Augustulus is proclaimed Western Roman Emperor.
* 683 – During the Siege of Mecca, the Kaaba catches fire and is burned down.
* 802 – Empress Irene is deposed and banished to Lesbos. Co ...
–
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: Citing progress in the Paris peace talks, U.S. President
Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He had previously served as the 37th vice ...
announces to the nation that he has ordered a complete cessation of "all air, naval, and artillery bombardment of
North Vietnam
North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
" effective
November 1
Events Pre-1600
*365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities.
* 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freisin ...
.
November–December
![NIXONcampaigns](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/NIXONcampaigns.jpg)
*
November 5
Events Pre-1600
*1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
*1499 – The '' Catholicon'', written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Bre ...
**
1968 United States presidential election
The 1968 United States presidential election was the 46th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 5, 1968. The Republican nominee, former vice president Richard Nixon, defeated the Democratic nominee, incumbent vice preside ...
:
Republican
Republican can refer to:
Political ideology
* An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law.
** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...
candidate
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was ...
defeats the
Democratic candidate, Vice President
Hubert Humphrey
Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978) was an American pharmacist and politician who served as the 38th vice president of the United States from 1965 to 1969. He twice served in the United States Senate, representing Mi ...
, and
American Independent Party
The American Independent Party (AIP) is a far-right political party in the United States that was established in 1967. The AIP is best known for its nomination of former Democratic Governor George Wallace of Alabama, who carried five states in t ...
candidate
George Wallace.
**
Luis A. Ferré, of the newly formed
New Progressive Party is elected
Governor of Puerto Rico, by beating incumbent governor
Roberto Sánchez Vilella
Roberto Sánchez Vilella (19 February 1913 – 24 March 1997) was the governor of Puerto Rico from 1965 to 1969. Sánchez Vilella successfully ran for governor in the 1964 elections for the '' Partido Popular Democrático''. He is also the fou ...
of the
People's Party,
Luis Negrón López of the
Popular Democratic Party and Antonio J. Gonzalez of the
Puerto Rican Independence Party
The Puerto Rican Independence Party ( es, Partido Independentista Puertorriqueño, PIP) is a social-democratic political party in Puerto Rico that campaigns for the independence of Puerto Rico from the United States.
Those who follow the PIP ...
, he also becomes the first "statehooder" governor of the Island.
*
November 11
Events Pre-1600
* 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, ''Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the ...
– A second
republic is declared in the
Maldives
Maldives (, ; dv, ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ, translit=Dhivehi Raajje, ), officially the Republic of Maldives ( dv, ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ, translit=Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa, label=none, ), is an archipelag ...
.
*
November 15
Events Pre-1600
* 655 – Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.
* 1315 – Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle of Mo ...
–
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
:
Operation Commando Hunt
Operation Commando Hunt was a covert U.S. Seventh Air Force and U.S. Navy Task Force 77 aerial interdiction campaign that took place during the Vietnam War. The operation began on 15 November 1968 and ended on 29 March 1972. The objective of ...
is initiated to interdict men and supplies on the
Ho Chi Minh trail, through
Laos into
South Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
. By the end of the operation, 3 million tons of bombs are dropped on Laos, slowing but not seriously disrupting trail operations.
*
November 17
Events Pre-1600
* 887 – Emperor Charles the Fat is deposed by the Frankish magnates in an assembly at Frankfurt, leading his nephew, Arnulf of Carinthia, to declare himself king of the East Frankish Kingdom in late November.
* 1183 & ...
**
British European Airways
British European Airways (BEA), formally British European Airways Corporation, was a British airline which existed from 1946 until 1974.
BEA operated to Europe, North Africa and the Middle East from airports around the United Kingdom. The a ...
introduces the
BAC One-Eleven into commercial service.
** The
Heidi Game
The ''Heidi'' Game or ''Heidi'' Bowl is the name given to a 1968 American Football League (AFL) game between the Oakland Raiders and the visiting New York Jets. The contest, held on November 17, 1968, was notable for its exciting finish, in whi ...
:
NBC
The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English-language commercial broadcast television and radio network. The flagship property of the NBC Entertainment division of NBCUniversal, a division of Comcast, its headquarters are l ...
cuts off the final 1:05 of an
Oakland Raiders–
New York Jets football game to broadcast the pre-scheduled ''
Heidi
''Heidi'' (; ) is a work of children's fiction published in 1881 by Swiss author Johanna Spyri, originally published in two parts as ''Heidi: Her Years of Wandering and Learning'' (german: Heidis Lehr- und Wanderjahre) and ''Heidi: How She Use ...
''. Fans are unable to see Oakland (which had been trailing 32–29) score 2 late touchdowns to win 43–32; as a result, thousands of outraged football fans flood the NBC switchboards to protest.
*
November 19
Events Pre-1600
* 461 – Libius Severus is declared emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The real power is in the hands of the ''magister militum'' Ricimer.
* 636 – The Rashidun Caliphate defeats the Sasanian Empire at the Batt ...
– In
Mali
Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali,, , ff, 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭, Renndaandi Maali, italics=no, ar, جمهورية مالي, Jumhūriyyāt Mālī is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mal ...
, President
Modibo Keïta
Modibo Keïta (4 June 1915 – 16 May 1977) was the first President of Mali (1960–1968) and the Prime Minister of the Mali Federation. He espoused a form of African socialism.
Youth
Keïta was born in Bamako-Coura, a neighborhood of Ba ...
's regime is overthrown in a bloodless
military coup
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct ...
led by
Moussa Traoré
Moussa Traoré (25 September 1936 – 15 September 2020) was a Malian soldier, politician, and dictator who was President of Mali from 1968 to 1991. As a Lieutenant, he led the military ousting of President Modibo Keïta in 1968. Thereafter he ...
.
*
November 20
Events Pre-1600
* 284 – Diocletian is chosen as Roman emperor.
* 762 – During the An Shi Rebellion, the Tang dynasty, with the help of Huihe tribe, recaptures Luoyang from the rebels.
* 1194 – Palermo is conquered by Henry ...
– The
Farmington Mine disaster
The Farmington Mine disaster was an explosion that happened at approximately 5:30 a.m. on November 20, 1968, at the Consol No. 9 coal mine north of Farmington and Mannington, West Virginia, United States.
The explosion was large enough to be ...
in Farmington, West Virginia, kills seventy-eight men.
*
November 24
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Theodosius I makes his '' adventus'', or formal entry, into Constantinople.
*1190 – Conrad of Montferrat becomes King of Jerusalem upon his marriage to Isabella I of Jerusalem.
* 1221 – Genghis Khan d ...
– 4 men Aircraft hijacking, hijack Pan Am Flight 281 from JFK International Airport, New York to Havana, Cuba.
* December 9 – Douglas Engelbart publicly demonstrates his pioneering hypertext system, NLS (computer system), NLS, in San Francisco, together with the computer mouse, at what becomes retrospectively known as "The Mother of All Demos".
* December 10 – Japan's biggest heist, the never-solved "300 million yen robbery", occurs in Tokyo.
* December 11
** The film ''Oliver! (film), Oliver!'' based on the hit London and Broadway theatre, Broadway musical, opens in the U.S. after being released first in the UK. It goes on to win the Academy Award for Academy Award for Best Picture, Best Picture.
* December 13 – Prompted by growing unrest and a perceived proliferation of "pro-communist" violent actions,
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
ian President of Brazil, president Artur da Costa e Silva enacts the so-called AI-5, the fifth of a series of non-constitutional emergency decrees allegedly to help "stabilize" the country after the turmoils of the early 1960s.
* December 22 – Mao Zedong advocates that educated urban youth in China be sent for re-education in the Rural area, countryside. It marks the start of the Down to the Countryside Movement, "Up to the mountains and down to the villages" movement.
* December 24 –
Apollo program: The crewed U.S. spacecraft Apollo 8 enters orbit around the Moon. Astronauts Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and William Anders become the first humans to see the Far side (Moon), far side of the Moon and planet Earth as a whole, as well as having traveled further away from Earth than any people in history. Anders photographs ''Earthrise''. The crew also give a Apollo 8 Genesis reading, reading from the Book of Genesis.
* December 28 – Israeli forces fly into Lebanon, Lebanese airspace, launching 1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon, an attack on the airport in Beirut and destroying more than a dozen aircraft.
Dates unknown
* The Khmer Rouge is officially formed in Cambodia as an offshoot movement of the Vietnam People's Army from
North Vietnam
North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
to bring communism to the nation. A few years later, they will become bitter enemies.
* La Maestra, a Latin American play is written by Enrique Buenaventura.
* An oil field is confirmed in Northern Alaska: the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field.
* Midea Group, a well-known home appliance worldwide, founded in Guangdong Province, China.
Births
January
![(Felipe de Borbón) Inauguración de FITUR 2018 (39840659951) (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/%28Felipe_de_Borb%C3%B3n%29_Inauguraci%C3%B3n_de_FITUR_2018_%2839840659951%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)
* January 1 – Davor Šuker, Croatian footballer
* January 2
**Violet Berlin, British presenter and script writer
**Cuba Gooding Jr., African-American actor
* January 3 – Matheus Nachtergaele, Brazilian actor and director
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
* 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
*1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
** DJ BoBo, Swiss singer, songwriter and dancer
** Andrzej Gołota, Polish boxer
** Carrie Ann Inaba, American choreographer, game show host and singer
* January 6
** Blanca Eekhout, Venezuelan politician
** John Singleton, African-American film director and writer (d. 2019)
* January 8 – James Brokenshire, British politician (d. 2021)
* January 11 – Benjamin List, German organic chemist, recipient of Nobel Prize in Chemistry
* January 12 – Rachael Harris, American actress and comedian
* January 13 – Pat Onstad, Canadian footballer
* January 14 – LL Cool J, African-American rapper and actor
*
January 15
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months.
*1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...
– Chad Lowe, American actor and director
* January 16
** Stephan Pastis, American cartoonist
** Atticus Ross, English musician, songwriter, record producer and audio engineer
* January 17 – Svetlana Masterkova, Russian athlete
*
January 21
Events Pre-1600
* 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa.
* 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when ...
– Charlotte Ross, American actress
* January 22 – Guy Fieri, American chef
* January 24
** Michael Kiske, German musician
** Mary Lou Retton, American gymnast
* January 26
** Eric Davis (American football), Eric Davis, American football player
** Novala Takemoto, Japanese author and fashion designer
* January 27 – Mike Patton, American singer
*
January 28
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany.
* 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession ...
– Sarah McLachlan, Canadian singer
* January 29 – Edward Burns, American actor
*
January 30
Events Pre-1600
* 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen.
*1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom.
1601–1900
* 1607 – An estimat ...
– King Felipe VI of Spain
February
![Molly Ringwald in Greece (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Molly_Ringwald_in_Greece_%28cropped%29.jpg)
*
February 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer.
* 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...
** Lisa Marie Presley, American singer
** Mark Recchi, Canadian ice hockey player
** Pauly Shore, American actor
* February 3
** David Scarboro, English actor (d. 1988)
** Vlade Divac, Serbian basketball player
** Marwan Khoury, Lebanese singer and composer
* February 5
** Roberto Alomar, American baseball player
** Marcus Grönholm, Finnish rally driver
** Qasim Melho, Syrian television actor
* February 7
** Peter Bondra, Slovakian ice hockey player
** Porntip Nakhirunkanok, Miss Universe 1988
* February 8
** Gary Coleman, African-American actor (d. 2010)
** April Stewart, American voice actress
* February 10
** Laurie Foell, New Zealand/Australian actress
** Atika Suri, Indonesian television newscaster
* February 11
** Lavinia Agache, Romanian artistic gymnast
** Mo Willems, American children's book author
*
February 12
Events Pre-1600
* 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna.
* 1429 – English forces und ...
– Josh Brolin, American actor
* February 13
** Kelly Hu, American actress, voice artist, former fashion model and beauty queen
** Niamh Kavanagh, Irish singer, Eurovision Song Contest 1993 winner
* February 14 – Jules Asner, American model and television personality
* February 15 – Gloria Trevi, Mexican singer and actress
*
February 18
Events Pre-1600
*1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.
* 1268 &n ...
** Molly Ringwald, American actress
** Dennis Satin, German film director
* February 21 – Pellom McDaniels, American football player (d. 2020)
* February 22
** Bradley Nowell, American musician (d. 1996)
** Jeri Ryan, American actress
*
February 24
Events Pre-1600
* 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica.
* 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence.
* ...
** Andy Berman, American actor, director, producer, writer, voice artist, and comedian
** Mitch Hedberg, American stand-up comedian (d. 2005)
* February 29 – Sam Sneed, American producer and rapper
March
![Celine Dion Concert Singing Taking Chances 2008](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Celine_Dion_Concert_Singing_Taking_Chances_2008.jpg)
* March 1
** Kat Cressida, American voice actress
** Kunjarani Devi, Indian weightlifter
** Muho Noelke, German Zen master
*
March 2
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome (537–38), Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoths, Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Piazza del Popolo, Flaminian Gate; he a ...
– Daniel Craig, British actor
* March 3 – Brian Leetch, American ice hockey player
* March 4
** Giovanni Carrara, Venezuelan Major League Baseball player
** Patsy Kensit, British actress
* March 5
** Gordon Bajnai, Hungarian Prime Minister
** Ambrose Mandvulo Dlamini, 10th Prime Minister of Eswatini (d. 2020)
*
March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
* 845 & ...
** Moira Kelly, American actress
** :pt:Mara Maravilha, Mara Maravilha, Brazilian singer, songwriter, television presenter, actress and businesswoman
*
March 7
Events Pre-1600
* 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius.
* 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Co ...
– Jeff Kent, American baseball player
*
March 11
Events Pre-1600
* 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander.
* 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the ven ...
– Lisa Loeb, American singer
*
March 12 – Aaron Eckhart, American actor
*
March 13
Events Pre-1600
*624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh.
*1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War.
*1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
** Akira Nogami, Japanese professional wrestler
** Masami Okui, Japanese singer
*
March 14
** Megan Follows, Canadian-American actress
** James Frain, British actor
* March 15
** Mark McGrath, American singer
** Terje Riis-Johansen, Norwegian politician
** Sabrina Salerno, Italian singer
*
March 16
Events Pre-1600
* 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang.
*1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.
* 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...
** David MacMillan, Scottish-born organic chemist, recipient of Nobel Prize in Chemistry
** Trevor Wilson (basketball), Trevor Wilson, American basketball player
* March 20
** Carlos Almeida (athlete), Carlos Almeida, Cape Verdean long-distance runner
** Ultra Naté, American singer, songwriter, record producer, DJ and promoter
*
March 22
Events Pre-1600
* 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea.
* 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century.
* 871 – Æthelr ...
**Euronymous, Norwegian musician (d. 1993)
* March 23
** Damon Albarn, English singer-songwriter and musician
** Mike Atherton, English cricketer
* March 26
** Kenny Chesney, American country music singer
** James Iha, American rock musician
* March 27 – Ben Koldyke, American actor
*
March 28
Events Pre-1600
* AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate.
* 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
– Iris Chang, American author (d. 2004)
* March 29 – Lucy Lawless, New Zealand actress and singer
* March 30 – Celine Dion, Canadian singer
April
![Ashley Judd ioc cropped headshot](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Ashley_Judd_ioc_cropped_headshot.jpg)
* April 1
** Julia Boutros, Lebanese singer
** Andreas Schnaas, German director
* April 5
** Paula Cole, American singer
** Stewart Lee, English stand-up comedian
*
April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
– Jože Možina, Slovenian historian, sociologist and journalist
*
April 8
Events Pre-1600
* 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
* 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.
*1139 – Ro ...
– Patricia Arquette, American actress
* April 12 – Ott (record producer), Ott, English musician and record producer
* April 13 – Jørn Stubberud, Norwegian musician
* April 14 – Anthony Michael Hall, American actor and singer
* April 15 – Stacey Williams, American model
* April 16
** Greg Baker, American actor and musician
** Martin Dahlin, Swedish football player
** Vickie Guerrero, American professional wrestler
* April 17
** Julie Fagerholt, Danish fashion designer
** Adam McKay, American film director, producer, screenwriter, comedian, and actor
* April 18 – David Hewlett, English-born Canadian actor, writer and director
* April 19 – Ashley Judd, American actress
*
April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
*1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
*1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys ...
** J. D. Roth, American television host
** Yelena Välbe, Russian cross-country skier
*
April 23 – Timothy McVeigh, American terrorist (d. 2001)
* April 24
** Stacy Haiduk, American actress
** Jorge Medina, Bolivian civil rights activist and politician (d. 2022)
** Yuji Nagata, Japanese professional wrestler
* April 28 – Howard Donald, British singer (Take That)
* April 29
** Michael Herbig, German film director, actor and author
** Darren Matthews, English professional wrestler
May
![Kylie Minogue at The Queen's Birthday Party (cropped 3)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Kylie_Minogue_at_The_Queen%27s_Birthday_Party_%28cropped_3%29.jpg)
* May 1 – Oliver Bierhoff, German footballer
*
May 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
*1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great.
* 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...
** Jeff Agoos, American soccer player
** Hikaru Midorikawa, Japanese voice actor
*
May 3
Events Pre-1600
* 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne.
* 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties.
...
** Nina Paley, American cartoonist
** Li Yong (television host), Chinese host (d. 2018)
* May 4
** Julian Barratt, English comedian, actor, musician and music producer
** Momoko Kikuchi, Japanese actress and singer
* May 5 – John Soko, Zambian footballer (d. 1993)
* May 7
** Eagle-Eye Cherry, Swedish-born musician
** Traci Lords, American actress
* May 8 – Mickaël Madar, French footballer
* May 9 – Marie-José Pérec, French athlete
* May 10 – Al Murray, English comedian
* May 12 – Tony Hawk, American skateboarder
*
May 13
Events Pre-1600
*1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book '' Revelations of Divine Love''.
* 1501 – Amerigo Vespu ...
** Sonja Zietlow, German television presenter
** Scott Morrison, 30th Prime Minister of Australia
*
May 16 – Chingmy Yau, Hong Kong actress
*
May 17
Events Pre-1600
*1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army.
*1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason.
* 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...
– Constance Menard, French professional dressage rider
*
May 18
Events Pre-1600
* 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople.
* 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of ...
– Vanessa Leggett, American freelance journalist, author, lecturer and First Amendment advocate
*
May 19
Events
Pre-1600
* 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace.
* 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected.
*1051 – Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev.
*1445 &nda ...
– Kyle Eastwood, American jazz bass musician
* May 20
** Timothy Olyphant, American actor
** Waisale Serevi, Fijian rugby player
*
May 22
Events Pre-1600
* 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu.
* 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt.
* 1 ...
** Michael Kelly (American actor), Michael Kelly, American actor
** Graham Linehan, Irish television writer and director
* May 23 – John Ortiz, American actor
* May 24 – Charles De'Ath, English actor
* May 26 – Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark
* May 27
** Jeff Bagwell, American baseball player
** Frank Thomas (AL baseball player), Frank Thomas, American baseball player
* May 28
** Kylie Minogue, Australian actress and singer
** Tetsu Nagasawa, Japanese footballer & manager
*
May 30 – Zacarias Moussaoui, French-Moroccan 9/11 conspirator
June
![Chayannemn](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Chayannemn.jpg)
* June 1 – Jason Donovan, Australian actor and singer
*
June 2
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks.
* 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601 ...
** Beetlejuice (entertainer), Beetlejuice, American entertainer, member of the Wack Pack (''The Howard Stern Show'')
** Jon Culshaw, English impressionist
*
June 4
Events Pre-1600
*1411 – King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries.
* 1561 – The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathedr ...
– Scott Wolf, American actor
*
June 5 – Sandra Annenberg, Brazilian newscaster, previously actress
* June 9 – Aleksandr Konovalov (politician, born 1968), Aleksandr Konovalov, Russian lawyer and politician
*
June 10
Events Pre-1600
* 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu.
*1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...
** Bill Burr, American comedian
** Nobutoshi Canna, Japanese voice actor
* June 14 – Yasmine Bleeth, American actress
*
June 20 – Mateusz Morawiecki, Polish banker and politician, 17th Prime Minister of Poland
* June 24 – Boris Gelfand, Israeli chess grandmaster
* June 25 – Albert Fulivai, Tongan rugby league player
*
June 26
Events Pre-1600
* 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius.
* 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar.
* 363 – Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat fr ...
** Paolo Maldini, Italian football player
** Jovenel Moïse, 42nd President of Haiti (d. 2021)
** Iwan Roberts, Welsh footballer
* June 28
** Chayanne, Puerto Rican-American singer
** Adam Woodyatt, English actor
* June 29
** Theoren Fleury, Canadian ice hockey player
** Brian d'Arcy James, American actor and musician
* June 30 – Phil Anselmo, American heavy metal vocalist
July
![Robert Korzeniowski (2018)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Robert_Korzeniowski_%282018%29.jpg)
* July 5
** Ken Akamatsu, Japanese Mangaka, manga artist
** Michael Stuhlbarg, American actor
** Darin LaHood, American attorney and politician
* July 6 – Rashid Sidek, Malaysian badminton player and coach
* July 7
** Jorja Fox, American actress
** Allen Payne, American actor
** Jeff VanderMeer, American writer
* July 8
** Billy Crudup, American actor
** Akio Suyama, Japanese Voice acting in Japan, voice actor
** Josephine Teo, Singaporean politician
** Michael Weatherly, American actor
* July 9 – Eduardo Santamarina, Mexican actor
* July 10 – Hassiba Boulmerka, Algerian athlete
* July 11 – Conrad Vernon, American voice actor and director
* July 13
** Robert Gant, American actor
** Omi Minami, Japanese voice actress
* July 14 – Samantha Gori, Italian basketball player
* July 15
** Leticia Calderón, Mexican actress
** Eddie Griffin, American actor and comedian
* July 16
** Dhanraj Pillay, Indian field hockey player
** Barry Sanders, American football player
** Olga de Souza, Brazilian-Italian singer, model and dancer
*
July 17
Events Pre-1600
* 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.
*1048 – Damasu ...
** Darren Day, British actor and TV presenter
** Beth Littleford, American actress and comedian
*
July 18
Events Pre-1600
* 477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army.
* 387 BC – Roman- Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, l ...
– Grant Bowler, New Zealand-born Australian actor
* July 19 – Robert Flynn, American vocalist and guitarist (Machine Head (band), Machine Head)
*
July 23
Events Pre-1600
* 811 – Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures Khan Krum's treasury.
*1319 – A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet off Chios. 1 ...
** Gary Payton, African-American basketball player
** Stephanie Seymour, American model and actress
* July 24
** Kristin Chenoweth, American soprano and actress
** Laura Leighton, American actress
** Troy Kotsur, American actor
*
July 25
Events Pre-1600
* 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
* 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...
– John Grant (musician), John Grant, American singer-songwriter
* July 27 – Julian McMahon, Australian actor
* July 30 – Robert Korzeniowski, Polish athlete
August
![Billy Boyd](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Billy_Boyd.jpg)
*
August 1
Events Pre-1600
*30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic.
*AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under ...
– Pavo Urban, Croatian photographer (d. 1991)
* August 3 – Rod Beck, American baseball player (d. 2007)
* August 4
** Lee Mack, English actor and stand-up comedian
** Olga Neuwirth, Austrian composer
*
August 5
Events Pre-1600
*AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty.
* 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...
** Marine Le Pen, French politician
** Colin McRae, Scottish rally car driver (d. 2007)
* August 7 – Lynn Strait, American musician (d. 1998)
* August 8 – Kimberly Brooks, American actress and voice artist
* August 9
** Gillian Anderson, American actress
** Eric Bana, Australian actor
** James Roy (writer), James Roy, Australian author
* August 12
** Pablo Rey, Spanish painter
** Paul Tucker (musician), Paul Tucker, English songwriter and record producer
** Kōji Yusa, Japanese voice actor
* August 14
** Catherine Bell (actress), Catherine Bell, American actress
** Darren Clarke, Northern Irish professional golfer
** Jason Leonard, English rugby player
* August 15 – Debra Messing, American actress
* August 17
** Ed McCaffrey, American football player
** Bruno van Pottelsberghe, Belgian economist
*
August 20
Events Pre-1600
* AD 14 – Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is mysteriously executed by his guards while in exile.
* 636 – Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take con ...
** Klas Ingesson, Swedish footballer (d. 2014)
** Yuri Shiratori Japanese actress and singer
** Bai Yansong, Chinese host
* August 21
** Dina Carroll, British singer
** Stretch (rapper), Stretch, American rapper and record producer (d. 1995)
* August 23 – KK (singer), KK, Indian singer (d. 2022)
*
August 24
Events Pre-1600
* 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father.
* 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is written. ...
** Shoichi Funaki, Japanese professional wrestler
** Hiroshi Kitadani, Japanese singer
** Tim Salmon, American baseball player
* August 25 – Rachael Ray, American television chef and host
* August 27 – Luis Tascón, Venezuelan politician (d. 2010)
* August 28
** Billy Boyd (actor), Billy Boyd, Scottish actor
** Tom Warburton, American animator
* August 31
** Valdon Dowiyogo, Nauruan politician and Australian football player
** Hideo Nomo, Japanese baseball player
September
![Naomi Watts (36037832511) (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Naomi_Watts_%2836037832511%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)
* September 1
** Mohamed Atta, 9/11 ringleader of the hijackers and pilot of American Airlines Flight 11 (d. 2001)
** Atsuko Yuya, Japanese voice actress
* September 3 – Ray Coulthard, Raymond Coulthard, English actor
* September 4
** John DiMaggio, American voice actor and comedian
** Mike Piazza, American baseball player
* September 5 – Thomas Levet, French golfer
*
September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
*1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen.
*1191 – Third Cr ...
** Marcel Desailly, French footballer
** Lucy Robinson (actress), Lucy Robinson, British actress
* September 9 – Julia Sawalha, English actress
* September 10
** Big Daddy Kane, American hip-hop artist
** Guy Ritchie, British film director
* September 11
** Kay Hanley, American musician
** Tetsuo Kurata, Japanese actor
*
September 13
Events Pre-1600
* 585 BC – Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victories over the Sabines, and the surrender of Collatia.
* 509 BC – The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Rome's Capitoline Hi ...
– Laura Cutina, Romanian artistic gymnast
* September 15 – Danny Nucci, American actor
* September 16 – Marc Anthony, American actor and singer
*
September 17
** Anastacia, American singer-songwriter
** Tito Vilanova, Spanish football manager (d. 2014)
* September 18 – Toni Kukoč, Croatian basketball player
* September 20
** Philippa Forrester, British TV presenter
** Van Jones, African-American author
** Leah Pinsent, Canadian actress
*
September 21
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power.
* 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders.
* 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...
** Lisa Angell, French singer
** Kevin Buzzard, British mathematician
** Ricki Lake, American actress, producer, and television presenter
* September 22
** Megan Hollingshead, American voice actress
** Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu, 62nd Prime Minister of Romania
*
September 23
** Yvette Fielding, English television presenter
** Michelle Thomas, American actress (d. 1998)
* September 25
** Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau, (d. 2013)
** John A. List, American economist
** Will Smith, African-American actor and rapper
* September 26
** James Caviezel, American actor
** Michelle Meldrum, American guitarist (d. 2008)
** Tricia O'Kelley, American actress
** Ben Shenkman, American television, film and stage actor
*
September 27
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme river, beginning the Norman conquest of England.
* 1331 – The Battle of Płowce is fought, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teuton ...
** Mari Kiviniemi, 62nd Prime Minister of Finland
** Paul Rudish, American voice actor and animator
* September 28
** Mika Häkkinen, Finnish double Formula 1 world champion
** Naomi Watts, British actress and film producer
*
September 29
Events Pre-1600
*61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday.
* 1011 – Danes capture Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah, ...
** Patrick Burns (paranormal investigator), Patrick Burns, American paranormal investigator and television personality
** Alex Skolnick, American jazz/heavy metal guitarist
** Samir Soni, Indian film and TV actor
October
![Juan Orlando Hernández Alvarado no Brasil](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Juan_Orlando_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Alvarado_no_Brasil.jpg)
* October 1
** Mark Durden-Smith, British television presenter
** Jay Underwood, American actor
*
October 2
Events Pre-1600
* 829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor.
* 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and ...
** Lucy Cohu, English actress
** Victoria Derbyshire, English broadcast presenter
** Jana Novotná, Czech tennis player (d. 2017)
*
October 3
Events Pre-1600
* 2457 BC – Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (환웅) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day.
* 52 BC – Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Juliu ...
– Paul Crichton, English footballer
* October 7
** Luminița Anghel, Romanian dance/pop recording artist, songwriter, television personality and politician
** Thom Yorke, British singer-songwriter
*
October 8
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Constantine I defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories.
* 451 – The first session of the Council of Chalcedon begins.
* 876 – Frankish forces led by Louis the Younger preven ...
** Daniela Castelo, Argentine journalist (d. 2011)
** Emily Procter, American actress
* October 9
** Troy Davis, American high-profile death row inmate and human rights activist (d. 2011)
** Pete Docter, American animator, director
* October 10
** Bart Brentjens, Dutch mountainbiker
** Feridun Düzağaç, Turkish rock singer-songwriter
*
October 11
Events Pre-1600
*1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo; it is one of the most destructive earthquakes ever.
*1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars.
* 1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of Engl ...
** Tiffany Grant, American voice actress
** Jane Krakowski, American actress
** Brett Salisbury, American football quarterback
*
October 12
Events Pre-1600
* 539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire. (Julian calendar)
* 633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance u ...
** Paul Harragon, Australian rugby league player
** Hugh Jackman, Australian actor, singer, and producer
* October 13
** Preet Bharara, Indian-American politician
** Tisha Campbell-Martin, American actress and singer
*
October 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings.
* 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's ...
** Matthew Le Tissier, English footballer
* October 15
** Didier Deschamps, French footballer
** Jyrki 69, Finnish singer
** Vanessa Marcil, American actress
* October 20 – Damien Timmer, British joint-managing director, television producer, television executive producer
* October 22 – Shaggy (musician), Shaggy, Jamaican singer
* October 24 – Mark Walton (story artist), Mark Walton, American story artist, actor
* October 27 – Alain Auderset, Swedish writer
* October 28 – Juan Orlando Hernández, 55th President of Honduras
* October 29 – Tsunku, Japanese singer, music producer and song composer
* October 30
** Moira Quirk, English actress and voice actress
** Jack Plotnick, American film and television actor, writer, and producer
November
![Sam Rockwell (51492) (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Sam_Rockwell_%2851492%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)
<---->
![JillHennessyTIFFSept10](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/JillHennessyTIFFSept10.jpg)
*
November 1
Events Pre-1600
*365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities.
* 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freisin ...
– Silvio Fauner, Italian cross-country skier
* November 4
** Lee Germon, New Zealand cricketer
** Daniel Landa, Czech composer, singer and actor
** Miles Long, American pornographic actor and film director, director
*
November 5
Events Pre-1600
*1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
*1499 – The '' Catholicon'', written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Bre ...
** Mr. Catra, Brazilian musician (d. 2018)
** Sam Rockwell, American actor
** Seth Gilliam, African-American actor
**Penny Wong, Australian politician, Foreign Minister
* November 6 – Kelly Rutherford, American actress
* November 7 – Ignacio Padilla, Mexican writer (d. 2016)
* November 8
** Parker Posey, American actress
** Zara Whites, Dutch actress
* November 9 – Nazzareno Carusi, Italian classical pianist
* November 10 – Tracy Morgan, African-American actor and comedian
* November 12
**Kathleen Hanna, American musician and activist
** Aya Hisakawa, Japanese voice actress
** Sammy Sosa, Dominican Major League Baseball player
* November 13 – Pat Hentgen, American baseball player
*
November 15
Events Pre-1600
* 655 – Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.
* 1315 – Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle of Mo ...
** Fausto Brizzi, Italian screenwriter and film director
** Ol' Dirty Bastard, American rapper (d. 2004)
* November 16 – Tammy Lauren, American actress
* November 18
** Barry Hunter (footballer), Barry Hunter, Northern Irish footballer and football manager
** Luizianne Lins, Brazilian politician
** Owen Wilson, American actor and comedian
*
November 20
Events Pre-1600
* 284 – Diocletian is chosen as Roman emperor.
* 762 – During the An Shi Rebellion, the Tang dynasty, with the help of Huihe tribe, recaptures Luoyang from the rebels.
* 1194 – Palermo is conquered by Henry ...
** Chew Chor Meng, Singaporean Chinese television actor
** John Trobaugh, American artist and photographer
* November 21 – Qiao Hong, Chinese table tennis player
* November 23 – Hamid Hassani, Iranian scholar
*
November 24
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Theodosius I makes his '' adventus'', or formal entry, into Constantinople.
*1190 – Conrad of Montferrat becomes King of Jerusalem upon his marriage to Isabella I of Jerusalem.
* 1221 – Genghis Khan d ...
** Phil Starbuck, former English association football, footballer
** Awie, Malaysian rock singer
** yukihiro (musician), yukihiro, Japanese musician
* November 25
** Tunde Baiyewu, British singer
** Jill Hennessy, Canadian actress
* November 27 – Michael Vartan, French actor
* November 29
** Hayabusa (wrestler), Eiji Ezaki, Japanese professional wrestler (d. 2016)
** Jonathan Knight, American singer
* November 30 – Rica Matsumoto, Japanese actress, voice actress and singer
December
![Dina Meyer by Gage Skidmore](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Dina_Meyer_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg)
* December 2
** Lucy Liu, American actress, voice actress, director, singer, dancer, model, and artist
** Rena Sofer, American actress
* December 3
** Brendan Fraser, Canadian-American actor
** Montell Jordan, American singer
* December 5 – Margaret Cho, American actress and comedian
* December 7 – Mark Geyer, Australian rugby league player
* December 9 – Kurt Angle, American amateur and professional wrestler, 1996 Summer Olympics, 1996 Olympic gold medalist
* December 11
** Emmanuelle Charpentier, French biochemist, recipient of Nobel Prize in Chemistry
** Monique Garbrecht-Enfeldt, German speed skater
** Eula Valdez, Filipino actress
* December 18 – Rachel Griffiths, Australian actress
* December 19 – Ken Marino, American actor and comedian
* December 21 – Khrystyne Haje, American actress
* December 22 – Dina Meyer, American actress
* December 23 – Manuel Rivera-Ortiz, American photographer
* December 24 – Choi Jin-sil, South Korean actress and model (d. 2008)
* December 25 – Helena Christensen, Danish model
* December 28 – Lior Ashkenazi, Israeli actor
* December 30 – Fabrice Guy, French Olympic skier
Unknown date
* Eleonora Requena, Venezuelan poet.
* Isadora Zubillaga, Venezuelan diplomat and activist.
Deaths
January
![Leopold Infeld 1960](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Leopold_Infeld_1960.jpg)
* January 4
** Armando Castellazzi, Italian footballer and manager (b. 1904)
** Joseph Pholien, Belgian politician, 37th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1884)
* January 6 – Karl Kobelt, 2-time President of the Swiss Confederation (b. 1891)
* January 7
** Gholamreza Takhti, Iranian wrestler (b. 1930)
** Mario Roatta, Italian general (b. 1887)
* January 9 – Kōkichi Tsuburaya, Japanese athlete (b. 1940)
*
January 10
Events Pre-1600
* 49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war.
* 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the ...
** Ali Fuat Cebesoy, Turkish politician (b. 1882)
** Eben Dönges, acting Prime Minister of South Africa and elected President of South Africa (b. 1898)
*
January 15
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months.
*1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...
– Leopold Infeld, Polish physicist (b. 1898)
* January 16 – Bob Jones Sr., American evangelist, religious broadcaster, and founder of Bob Jones University (b. 1883)
* January 18 – John Ridgely, American actor (b. 1909)
*
January 21
Events Pre-1600
* 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa.
* 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when ...
– Georg Dertinger, German politician (b. 1902)
* January 22
** Aleksandr Arbuzov, Russian chemist (b. 1877)
** Duke Kahanamoku, American Olympic swimmer (b. 1890)
* January 29 – Tsuguharu Foujita, Japanese-French painter and printmaker (b. 1886)
February
![Howard Walter Florey 1945](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Howard_Walter_Florey_1945.jpg)
* February 4
** Eddie Baker, American actor (b. 1897)
** Neal Cassady, American author and poet (b. 1926)
* February 7 – Nick Adams (actor, born 1931), Nick Adams, American actor (b. 1931)
* February 10 – Pitirim Sorokin, Russian-American sociologist (b. 1889)
* February 11 – Howard Lindsay, American playwright (b. 1888)
* February 13
** Mae Marsh, American actress (b. 1894)
** Ildebrando Pizzetti, Italian composer (b. 1880)
* February 15 – Little Walter, American blues musician, singer, and songwriter (b. 1930)
* February 17 – Sir Donald Wolfit, English actor (b. 1902)
* February 19 – Georg Hackenschmidt, German strongman and professional wrestler (b. 1877)
* February 20 – Anthony Asquith, British director and writer (b. 1902)
* February 21 – Howard Florey, Australian-born pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (b. 1898)
* February 22 – Peter Arno, American cartoonist (b. 1904)
*
February 25
Events Pre-1600
*138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor.
* 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.
* ...
– Camille Huysmans, Belgian politician, 34th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1871)
* February 27
** Frankie Lymon, American singer (b. 1942)
** Hertha Sponer, German physicist and chemist (b. 1895)
* February 29 – Hugo Benioff, American seismologist (b. 1899)
March
![Yuri Gagarin (1961) - Restoration](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Yuri_Gagarin_%281961%29_-_Restoration.jpg)
*
March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
* 845 & ...
– Joseph W. Martin Jr., American politician (b. 1884)
*
March 8
Events Pre-1600
* 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''.
*1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León.
* 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bou ...
– Jerzy Braun (rower), Jerzy Braun, Polish athlete (b. 1911)
*
March 14 – Erwin Panofsky, German-Jewish art historian (b. 1892)
* March 15 – Khuang Aphaiwong, 4th Prime Minister of Thailand, country leader during World War II (b. 1902)
*
March 16
Events Pre-1600
* 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang.
*1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.
* 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...
– Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Italian composer (b. 1895)
* March 20 – Carl Theodor Dreyer, Danish film director (b. 1889)
* March 23 – Edwin O'Connor, American journalist, novelist, and radio commentator (b. 1918)
*
March 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6.
*1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margate o ...
– Alice Guy-Blaché, French filmmaker (b. 1873)
* March 27 – Yuri Gagarin, Soviet cosmonaut, first human in space (b. 1934)
March 30- American child actor, Bobby Driscoll (b. 1937)
April
![Jim Clark 1965](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Jim_Clark_1965.jpg)
* April 1 – Lev Landau, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1908)
*
April 4 –
**
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist, one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968 ...
, American civil rights leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1929)
** Assis Chateaubriand, Brazilian newspaper magnate (b. 1892)
*
April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
–
Jim Clark, Scottish racing driver and double Formula One World Champion (b. 1936)
*
April 8
Events Pre-1600
* 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
* 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.
*1139 – Ro ...
– Harold D. Babcock, American astronomer (b. 1882)
* April 15 – Boris Lyatoshinsky, Ukrainian composer, conductor, and teacher (b. 1895)
* April 16
** Fay Bainter, American actress (b. 1893)
** Albert Betz, German physicist (b. 1885)
** Edna Ferber, American writer (b. 1885)
* April 24
** Tommy Noonan, American actor (b. 1921)
** Walter Tewksbury, American athlete (b. 1876)
* April 25 – Gunnar Andersen, Norwegian footballer and ski jumper (b. 1890)
*
April 26
Events Pre-1600
* 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
*1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe.
* 1 ...
– John Heartfield, German visual artist (b. 1891)
May
* May 5 – Albert Dekker, American actor (b. 1905)
* May 7 – Lurleen Wallace, American politician (b. 1926)
* May 9
** Finlay Currie, Scottish actor (b. 1878)
** Marion Lorne, American actress (b. 1883)
** Mercedes de Acosta, American poet, playwright, and novelist (b. 1892)
* May 10 – Scotty Beckett, American child actor (b. 1929)
* May 11 – Robert Burks, American cinematographer (b. 1909)
* May 14 – Husband E. Kimmel, American admiral (b. 1882)
* May 25 – Georg von Küchler, German field marshal and war criminal (b. 1881)
* May 26 – Little Willie John, American R&B singer (b. 1937)
* May 28
** Kees van Dongen, Dutch-French painter (b. 1877)
** Fyodor Okhlopkov, Soviet sniper (b. 1908)
June
![Robert F Kennedy crop](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg)
* June 1 – Helen Keller, American activist and spokeswoman for the deaf and blind (b. 1880)
*
June 2
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks.
* 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601 ...
– R. Norris Williams, American tennis player (b. 1891)
*
June 4
Events Pre-1600
*1411 – King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries.
* 1561 – The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathedr ...
** Dorothy Gish, American actress (b. 1898)
** Walter Nash, Sir Walter Nash, 27th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1882)
* June 6
** Randolph Churchill, British politician, son of Winston Churchill (b. 1911)
**
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK and by the nickname Bobby, was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, ...
, American lawyer and politician (United States Senator, U.S. Attorney General) (b. 1925)
*
June 7
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire).
* 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state.
* 1002 – Henr ...
– Dan Duryea, American actor (b. 1907)
* June 14
** Karl-Birger Blomdahl, Swedish composer (b. 1916)
** Salvatore Quasimodo, Italian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1901)
* June 15
** Sam Crawford, American baseball player (b. 1880)
** Wes Montgomery, American jazz guitarist (b. 1923)
*
June 17
Events Pre-1600
* 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism.
*1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...
– José Nasazzi, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1901)
* June 18 – Nikolaus von Falkenhorst, German general and war criminal (b. 1885)
* June 25 – Tony Hancock, English comedian and actor (b. 1924)
July
![Otto Hahn (Nobel)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Otto_Hahn_%28Nobel%29.jpg)
*
July 1
** Fritz Bauer, German judge and prosecutor (b. 1903)
** Virginia Weidler, American actress (b. 1927)
* July 2
** Zaki al-Arsuzi, Syrian philosopher, philologist, sociologist, and historian (b. 1899)
** Francis Brennan (cardinal), Francis Brennan, American cardinal (b. 1894)
* July 9
** Viktor Blinov, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1945)
** Alexander Cadogan, British diplomat (b. 1884)
* July 12 – José Bordas Valdez, 43rd President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1874)
* July 14 – Konstantin Paustovsky, Russian-Soviet writer (b. 1892)
* July 15 – Cai Chusheng, Chinese film director (b. 1906)
*
July 18
Events Pre-1600
* 477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army.
* 387 BC – Roman- Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, l ...
– Corneille Heymans, Belgian physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
*
July 20
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots.
* 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defea ...
– Joseph Keilberth, German conductor (b. 1908)
* July 21 – Ruth St. Denis, American dancer (b. 1879)
* July 22 – Giovannino Guareschi, Italian journalist (b. 1908)
*
July 23
Events Pre-1600
* 811 – Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures Khan Krum's treasury.
*1319 – A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet off Chios. 1 ...
** Luigi Cevenini, Italian footballer and coach (b. 1895)
** Henry Hallett Dale, Sir Henry Dale, English pharmacologist and physiologist (b. 1875)
* July 27 – Lilian Harvey, Anglo-German actress and singer (b. 1906)
* July 28
** Otto Hahn, German chemist, discoverer of nuclear fission, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1879)
** Ángel Herrera Oria, Spanish journalist, politician, cardinal and servant of God (b. 1886)
August
![Konstanty Rokossowski, 1945](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Konstanty_Rokossowski%2C_1945.jpg)
* August 3 – Konstantin Rokossovsky, Soviet officer, Marshal of the Soviet Union (b. 1896)
*
August 5
Events Pre-1600
*AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty.
* 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...
– Luther Perkins, American guitarist (b. 1928)
* August 19 – George Gamow, Soviet-American theoretical physicist and cosmologist (b. 1904)
* August 25 – Stan McCabe, Australian cricketer (b. 1910)
* August 26 – Kay Francis, American actress (b. 1905)
* August 27
** Robert Z. Leonard, American film director (b. 1889)
** Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark (b. 1906)
*
August 29
Events Pre-1600
* 708 – Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708).
* 870 – The city of Melite surrenders to an Aghlabid army following a siege, putting an end to Byzantine M ...
– Ulysses S. Grant III, American soldier and planner (b. 1881)
* August 30 – William Talman (actor), William Talman, American actor (b. 1915)
* August 31 – Dennis O'Keefe, American actor (b. 1908)
September
![Padre Pio](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Padre_Pio.jpg)
* September 3 – Juan José Castro, Argentine composer and conductor (b. 1895)
*
September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
*1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen.
*1191 – Third Cr ...
– Lucio Fontana, Italian painter and sculptor (b. 1899)
*
September 13
Events Pre-1600
* 585 BC – Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victories over the Sabines, and the surrender of Collatia.
* 509 BC – The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Rome's Capitoline Hi ...
– Frank Barson, English footballer (b. 1891)
*
September 17 – Armand Blanchonnet, French Olympic cyclist (b. 1903)
* September 18
** Franchot Tone, American actor (b. 1905)
** Francis McDonald, American actor (b. 1891)
* September 19
** Chester Carlson, American physicist, and inventor (b. 1906)
** Red Foley, American singer (b. 1910)
*
September 23 – Pio of Pietrelcina, Italian Roman Catholic priest and saint (b. 1887)
* September 24 – Virginia Valli, American actress (b. 1898)
* September 28 – Norman Brookes, Sir Norman Brookes, Australian tennis champion (b. 1877)
October
![Ramon Novarro1 (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Ramon_Novarro1_%28cropped%29.jpg)
* October 1 – Romano Guardini, Italian-German Catholic priest and theologian (b. 1885)
*
October 2
Events Pre-1600
* 829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor.
* 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and ...
– Marcel Duchamp, French artist (b. 1887)
* October 4
** Francis Biddle, American politician (b. 1886)
** Hitoshi Imamura, Japanese general (b. 1886)
* October 13
** Manuel Bandeira, Brazilian poet, literary critic, and translator (b. 1886)
** Bea Benaderet, American actress (b. 1906)
** John L. Hines, American general, Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army (b. 1868)
* October 15
** Franz Beyer (general), Franz Beyer, German general (b. 1892)
** Herbert Copeland, American biologist (b. 1902)
*
October 18
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self-inflicted starvation.
* 320 – Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philos ...
– Lee Tracy, American actor (b. 1898)
* October 26 – Sergei Natanovich Bernstein, Russian and Soviet mathematician (b. 1880)
* October 27 – Lise Meitner, German-Austrian physicist, discoverer of nuclear fission (b. 1878)
* October 28 – Hans Cramer, German general (b. 1896)
* October 30
** Ramon Novarro, Mexican-born American actor (b. 1899)
** Conrad Richter, American writer (b. 1890)
November
![Upton Beall Sinclair Jr](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Upton_Beall_Sinclair_Jr.jpg)
*
November 1
Events Pre-1600
*365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities.
* 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freisin ...
– Georgios Papandreou, 3-Time Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1888)
* November 6 – Charles Munch (conductor), Charles Munch, French conductor (b. 1891)
* November 7 – Alexander Gelfond, Soviet mathematician (b. 1906)
* November 8 – Wendell Corey, American actor (b. 1914)
* November 9
** Jan Johansson (jazz musician), Jan Johansson, Swedish jazz pianist (b. 1931)
** Gerald Mohr, American actor (b. 1914)
*
November 11
Events Pre-1600
* 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, ''Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the ...
– Jeanne Demessieux, French composer (b. 1921)
* November 14 – Ramón Menéndez Pidal, Spanish philologist and historian (b. 1869)
*
November 15
Events Pre-1600
* 655 – Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.
* 1315 – Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle of Mo ...
– Charles Bacon, American athlete (b. 1885)
* November 16
** Augustin Bea, German cardinal (b. 1881)
** Carl Bertilsson, Swedish gymnast (b. 1889)
*
November 17
Events Pre-1600
* 887 – Emperor Charles the Fat is deposed by the Frankish magnates in an assembly at Frankfurt, leading his nephew, Arnulf of Carinthia, to declare himself king of the East Frankish Kingdom in late November.
* 1183 & ...
– Mervyn Peake, English writer, artist, poet, and illustrator (b. 1911)
* November 18 – Walter Wanger, American film producer (b. 1894)
*
November 20
Events Pre-1600
* 284 – Diocletian is chosen as Roman emperor.
* 762 – During the An Shi Rebellion, the Tang dynasty, with the help of Huihe tribe, recaptures Luoyang from the rebels.
* 1194 – Palermo is conquered by Henry ...
– Helen Gardner (actress), Helen Gardner, American actress (b. 1884)
* November 25 – Upton Sinclair, American writer (b. 1878)
* November 26 – Arnold Zweig, German writer, pacifist and socialist (b. 1887)
* November 28 – Enid Blyton, English writer (b. 1897)
* November 30 – Charles Henry Bartlett, British cyclist (b. 1885)
December
![John Steinbeck 1962](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/John_Steinbeck_1962.jpg)
* December 1
** Hugo Haas, Czech actor, director and writer (b. 1901)
** Darío Moreno, Turkish-Jewish polyglot singer, composer, lyricist, and guitarist (b. 1921)
* December 4 – Archie Mayo, American actor and director (b. 1891)
* December 5 – Fred Clark, American actor (b. 1914)
* December 9 – Enoch L. Johnson, American political boss and racketeer (b. 1883)
* December 10
** Karl Barth, German Protestant theologian (b. 1888)
** Thomas Merton, American author (b. 1915)
* December 12
** Tim Ahearne, Irish athlete (b. 1885)
** Tallulah Bankhead, American actress (b. 1902)
* December 18 – Giovanni Messe, Italian field marshal and politician (b. 1883)
* December 19 – Norman Thomas, American socialist (b. 1884)
* December 20
** Max Brod, Czech-born Israeli composer, writer and biographer (b. 1884)
** John Steinbeck, American writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
* December 30
** Trygve Lie, 1st United Nations Secretary General, Secretary General of the United Nations (b. 1896)
** Kirill Meretskov, Soviet military officer, Marshal of the Soviet Union (b. 1897)
* December 31 – George Lewis (clarinetist), George Lewis, American musician (b. 1900)
Date unknown
* Sami as-Solh, 5-Time Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1887)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Luis Walter Alvarez
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Lars Onsager
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg
* Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Yasunari Kawabata
* Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – René Cassin
References
Further reading
* Sherman, Daniel J. et al. eds. ''The Long 1968: Revisions and New Perspectives'' (Indiana University Press; 2013) 382 pages; essays by scholars on the cultural and political impact of 1968 in France, Mexico, Northern Ireland, the United States, etc.
* Kurlansky, Mark. (2004). ''1968: The Year that Rocked the World''. London: Jonathan Cape.
* NPR
Echoes of 1968 report series.
1968 – The Year in SoundAn Audiofile produced by Lou Zambrana of WCBS Newsradio 880 (WCBS-AM New York) Part of WCBS 880's celebration of 40 years of newsradio.
* ''Time'', 40th Anniversary Special (2008). "1968: The Year That Changed the World."
* ''Newsweek''.
1968: The Year That Made Us Who We Are" November 19, 2007.
time.com, January 11, 1988.
Magnum Photos, Historic photos from 1968
BBC Radio 4 – 1968 Myth or Reality?– six months of 'news on this day' programmes and documentaries
Reflections on 1968Read people's memories of the year 1968. Minnesota Historical Society
External links
*
{{Authority control
1968,
Leap years in the Gregorian calendar