January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

Cuba–United States relations Cuba and the United States restored diplomacy, diplomatic relations on July 20, 2015. Relations had been severed in 1961 during the Cold War. U.S. diplomatic representation in Cuba is handled by the Embassy of the United States, Havana, United ...

2015 File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...

Aero Flight 311 Aero Flight 311, often referred to as the Kvevlax air disaster, was a scheduled domestic passenger flight operated by Aero O/Y (now Finnair) between Kronoby and Vaasa in Finland. The aircraft, a Douglas DC-3, crashed in the municipality Kvevlax ...

Douglas DC-3 The Douglas DC-3 is a propeller-driven airliner manufactured by Douglas Aircraft Company, which had a lasting effect on the airline industry in the 1930s to 1940s and World War II. It was developed as a larger, improved 14-bed sleeper version ...

Aero Aero is a Greek prefix relating to flight and air. In British English, it is used as an adjective related to flight (e.g., as a shortened substitute for aeroplane). Aero, Ærø, or Aeros may refer to: Aeronautics Airlines and companies * Aero (P ...

Kvevlax Kvevlax ( fi, Koivulahti) is a church village in the municipality of Korsholm, Finland. It is located approximately north of the city of Vaasa. Kvevlax became an independent parish in 1857. Until 1 January 1973 it was an independent municipalit ...

Vaasa Airport Vaasa Airport ( fi, Vaasan lentoasema, sv, Vasa flygplats) is located in Vaasa, Finland, about south-east of Vaasa city centre. As of 2021, it is the 9th busiest airport in Finland with 19,231 passengers. Regular airlines at Vaasa airport are ...

pilot error Pilot error generally refers to an Aviation accidents and incidents, accident in which an action or decision made by the Aircraft pilot#Airline, pilot was the cause or a contributing factor that led to the accident, but also includes the pi ...

captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...

January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 *1675 – Battle of Turckh ...

Alfredo Fioravanti Alfredo Adolfo Fioravanti (1886–1963) was an Italian sculptor, who was part of the team that forged the Etruscan terracotta warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", ...

Etruscan terracotta warriors The Etruscan terracotta warriors are three statues that resemble the work of the ancient Etruscans, but are in fact art forgery, art forgeries. The statues, created by Italian brothers Pio and Alfonso Riccardi and three of their six sons, were bou ...

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...

Cemal Gürsel Cemal Gürsel (; 13 October 1895 – 14 September 1966) was a Turkish army general who became the List of Presidents of Turkey, fourth President of Turkey after a coup. Early life He was born in the city of Erzurum as the son of an Ottoman A ...

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso IV ...

Casablanca Casablanca, also known in Arabic as Dar al-Bayda ( ar, الدَّار الْبَيْضَاء, al-Dār al-Bayḍāʾ, ; ber, ⴹⴹⴰⵕⵍⴱⵉⴹⴰ, ḍḍaṛlbiḍa, : "White House") is the largest city in Morocco and the country's econom ...

NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...

Casablanca Group The Casablanca Group, sometimes known as the 'Casablanca bloc', was a short-lived, informal association of African states with a shared vision of the future of Africa and of Pan-Africanism in the early 1960s. The group was composed of seven states ...

Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...

United Arab Republic The United Arab Republic (UAR; ar, الجمهورية العربية المتحدة, al-Jumhūrīyah al-'Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 until 1971. It was initially a political union between Eg ...

Ghana Ghana (; tw, Gaana, ee, Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and To ...

Guinea Guinea ( ),, fuf, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫, italic=no, Gine, wo, Gine, nqo, ߖߌ߬ߣߍ߫, bm, Gine officially the Republic of Guinea (french: République de Guinée), is a coastal country in West Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the we ...

Mali Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali,, , ff, 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭, Renndaandi Maali, italics=no, ar, جمهورية مالي, Jumhūriyyāt Mālī is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali ...

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...

referendum A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...

Charles de Gaulle Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (; ; (commonly abbreviated as CDG) 22 November 18909 November 1970) was a French army officer and statesman who led Free France against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government ...

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

spy ring Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information (intelligence) from non-disclosed sources or divulging of the same without the permission of the holder of the information for a tangibl ...

Portland Spy Ring The Portland Spy Ring was a Soviet Union, Soviet spy ring that operated in England from the late 1950s to 1961, when the core of the network was arrested by the British security services. It is one of the most famous examples of the use of reside ...

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...

Dwight Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...

State of the Union Address The State of the Union Address (sometimes abbreviated to SOTU) is an annual message delivered by the president of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress near the beginning of each calendar year on the current conditio ...

military–industrial complex The expression military–industrial complex (MIC) describes the relationship between a country's military and the defense industry that supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy. A driving factor behind the r ...

Patrice Lumumba Patrice Émery Lumumba (; 2 July 1925 – 17 January 1961) was a Congolese politician and independence leader who served as the first prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then known as the Republic of the Congo) from June u ...

Republic of Congo The Republic of the Congo (french: République du Congo, ln, Republíki ya Kongó), also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa to the w ...

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination i ...

sworn in Traditionally an oath (from Anglo-Saxon ', also called plight) is either a statement of fact or a promise taken by a sacrality as a sign of verity. A common legal substitute for those who conscientiously object to making sacred oaths is to giv ...

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Cou ...

B-52 Stratofortress The Boeing B-52 Stratofortress is an American long-range, subsonic, jet-powered strategic bomber. The B-52 was designed and built by Boeing, which has continued to provide support and upgrades. It has been operated by the United States Air ...

nuclear bomb A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bomb ...

Goldsboro, North Carolina Goldsboro, originally Goldsborough, is a city and the county seat of Wayne County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 33,657 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of and is included in the Goldsboro, North Carolina Metropol ...

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...

John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination i ...

news conference A press conference or news conference is a media event in which notable individuals or organizations invite journalists to hear them speak and ask questions. Press conferences are often held by politicians, corporations, non-governmental organ ...

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

USAF The United States Air Force (USAF) is the air service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Originally created on 1 August 1907, as a part of the United States Army Sign ...

RB-47 The Boeing B-47 Stratojet (Boeing company designation Model 450) is a retired American long-Range (aeronautics), range, six-engined, turbojet-powered strategic bomber designed to fly at high subsonic flight, subsonic speed and at high altitude ...

Barents Sea The Barents Sea ( , also ; no, Barentshavet, ; russian: Баренцево море, Barentsevo More) is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located off the northern coasts of Norway and Russia and divided between Norwegian and Russian territo ...

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...

1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Ja ...

junta Junta may refer to: Government and military * Junta (governing body) (from Spanish), the name of various historical and current governments and governing institutions, including civil ones ** Military junta, one form of junta, government led by ...

El Salvador El Salvador (; , meaning " The Saviour"), officially the Republic of El Salvador ( es, República de El Salvador), is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south b ...

January 28 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession o ...

Supermarionation Supermarionation (a portmanteau of the words "super", "marionette" and " animation")La Rivière 2009, p. 67. is a style of television and film production employed by British company AP Films (later Century 21 Productions) in its puppet T ...

ATV ATV may refer to: Broadcasting * Amateur television *Analog television Television stations and companies * Ràdio i Televisió d'Andorra * ATV (Armenia) * ATV (Aruba), NBC affiliate * ATV (Australian TV station), Melbourne * ATV (Austria) * AT ...

January 30 Events Pre-1600 *1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 *1607 – An estimated ...

John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination i ...

State of the Union Address The State of the Union Address (sometimes abbreviated to SOTU) is an annual message delivered by the president of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress near the beginning of each calendar year on the current conditio ...

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...

Mercury-Redstone 2 Mercury-Redstone 2 (MR-2) was the test flight of the Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle just prior to the first crewed American space mission in Project Mercury. Carrying a chimpanzee named Ham on a suborbital flight, Mercury spacecraft Number 5 w ...

astronaut An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek (), meaning 'star', and (), meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member aboard a spacecraft. Although generally r ...

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

Portuguese Colonial War The Portuguese Colonial War ( pt, Guerra Colonial Portuguesa), also known in Portugal as the Overseas War () or in the former colonies as the War of Liberation (), and also known as the Angolan, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambican War of Independence, ...

Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. * 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion. * 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...

Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...

Joseph Kasa-Vubu Joseph Kasa-Vubu, alternatively Joseph Kasavubu, ( – 24 March 1969) was a Congolese politician who served as the first President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Republic of the Congo) from 1960 until 1965. A member of the Kong ...

Joseph Iléo Joseph Iléo (15 September 1921 – 19 September 1994), subsequently Zairianised as Sombo Amba Iléo, was a politician in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and was prime minister for two periods. Early life Joseph Iléo was born on 15 ...

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. * 1539 – The first recorded race is hel ...

The Beatles at The Cavern Club The Cavern Club at 10 Mathew Street, in Liverpool was the venue where the Beatles' UK popularity started. John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Pete Best were first seen by Brian Epstein at the club. Epstein eventually became their ...

The Beatles The Beatles were an English Rock music, rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the Cultural impact of the Beatles, most influential band of al ...

Liverpool Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a popul ...

Hamburg (male), (female) en, Hamburger(s), Hamburgian(s) , timezone1 = Central (CET) , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST = Central (CEST) , utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal ...

George Harrison George Harrison (25 February 1943 – 29 November 2001) was an English musician and singer-songwriter who achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the Beatles. Sometimes called "the quiet Beatle", Harrison embraced Indian c ...

February 12 Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under ...

USSR The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...

Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is sometimes called Earth's "sister" or "twin" planet as it is almost as large and has a similar composition. As an interior planet to Earth, Venus (like Mercury) appears in Earth's sky never fa ...

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...

Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...

Patrice Lumumba Patrice Émery Lumumba (; 2 July 1925 – 17 January 1961) was a Congolese politician and independence leader who served as the first prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then known as the Republic of the Congo) from June u ...

February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...

Berkeley, California Berkeley ( ) is a city on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County, California, United States. It is named after the 18th-century Irish bishop and philosopher George Berkeley. It borders the cities of Oakland and Emer ...

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination i ...

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...

Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...

Sabena Flight 548 Sabena Flight 548 was a Boeing 707-329 flight operated by Sabena that crashed en route from New York City to Brussels, Belgium, on February 15, 1961. The flight, which had originated at Idlewild International Airport, crashed on approach to Bru ...

Brussels Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...

figure skating Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport to be included in the Olympic Games, when contested at the 1908 Olympics in London. The Olympic disciplines are me ...

solar eclipse of February 15, 1961 A total solar eclipse occurred on February 15, 1961. Totality was visible from France, Monaco, Italy, San Marino, SFR Yugoslavia (parts now belonging to Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo, North Macedonia), Albania, B ...

February 26 Events Pre-1600 *747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is p ...

Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...

April April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. It is the first of four months to have a length of 30 days, and the second of five months to have a length of less than 31 days. April is commonly associated with ...

Project Mohole Project Mohole was an attempt in the early 1960s to drill through the Earth's crust to obtain samples of the Mohorovičić discontinuity, or Moho, the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle. The project was intended to provide an ear ...

Guadalupe Island Guadalupe Island ( es, Isla Guadalupe, link=no) is a volcanic island located off the western coast of Mexico's Baja California Peninsula and about southwest of the city of Ensenada in the state of Baja California, in the Pacific Ocean. The ...

March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor ...

John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination i ...

Peace Corps The Peace Corps is an independent agency and program of the United States government that trains and deploys volunteers to provide international development assistance. It was established in March 1961 by an executive order of President John F. ...

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 &nd ...

King of Morocco This is the list of rulers of Morocco, since the establishment of the state in 789. The common and formal titles of these rulers has varied, depending on the time period. Since 1957, the designation King has been used. The present King of Moroc ...

Max Conrad Max Arthur Conrad, Jr. (January 21, 1903 – April 3, 1979 in Summit, New Jersey) known as the "Flying Grandfather", was a record-setting aviator. In the 1950s and 1960s, he set nine official light plane world records, three of which still stan ...

Polaris Polaris is a star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Minor. It is designated α Ursae Minoris ( Latinized to ''Alpha Ursae Minoris'') and is commonly called the North Star or Pole Star. With an apparent magnitude that ...

submarine A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely op ...

Holy Loch The Holy Loch ( gd, An Loch Sianta/Seunta) is a sea loch, a part of the Cowal peninsula coast of the Firth of Clyde, in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. The "Holy Loch" name is believed to date from the 6th century, when Saint Munn landed there afte ...

March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...

1961 Kurenivka mudslide The Kurenivka mudslide occurred on 13 March 1961 in Kyiv, then a city in the Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union. It took place near the historic Babi Yar ravine, which had been the site of the mass murder of more than 100,000 Jews and other civilians d ...

Kiev Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...

USSR The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...

United Nations Security Council The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the Organs of the United Nations, six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international security, international peace and security, recommending the admi ...

John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination i ...

Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is geo ...

Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations, simply referred to as the Commonwealth, is a political association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire. The chief institutions of the organisation are the Co ...

Monash University Monash University () is a public research university based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Named for prominent World War I general Sir John Monash, it was founded in 1958 and is the second oldest university in the state. The university has a ...

Yuba City, California Yuba City (Maidu: ''Yubu'') is a city in Northern California and the county seat of Sutter County, California, United States. The population was 70,117 at the 2020 census. Yuba City is the principal city of the Yuba City Metropolitan Statistical ...

nuclear weapon A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions ( thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bom ...

March 15 Events Pre-1600 * 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce. *44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place. * 493 – Odoa ...

Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations, simply referred to as the Commonwealth, is a political association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire. The chief institutions of the organisation are the Co ...

1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which Sinking of the MS Estonia, sank in ...

Union of Peoples of Angola The National Front for the Liberation of Angola ( pt, Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola; abbreviated FNLA) is a political party and former militant organisation that fought for Angolan independence from Portugal in the war of independenc ...

Holden Roberto Álvaro Holden Roberto (January 12, 1923 – August 2, 2007) was an Angolan politician who founded and led the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) from 1962 to 1999. His memoirs are unfinished. Early life Roberto, son of Garcia Diasiwa ...

Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...

ceasefire A ceasefire (also known as a truce or armistice), also spelled cease fire (the antonym of 'open fire'), is a temporary stoppage of a war in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. Ceasefires may be between state act ...

Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...

Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

presidential President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

April 8 Events Pre-1600 * 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus. * 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids. *1139 – Ro ...

British India Steam Navigation Company British India Steam Navigation Company ("BI") was formed in 1856 as the Calcutta and Burmah Steam Navigation Company. History The ''Calcutta and Burmah Steam Navigation Company'' had been formed out of Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co, a trading partn ...

Nazi Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...

Adolf Eichmann Otto Adolf Eichmann ( ,"Eichmann"
''

Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...

. * April 12 ** '' Vostok 1'': Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human in space, orbiting the Earth once before parachuting to the ground. **

Albert Kalonji Albert Kalonji Ditunga (6 June 1929 – 20 April 2015) was a Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congolese politician best known as the leader of the short-lived secessionist state of South Kasai (''Sud-Kasaï'') during the Congo Crisis. Ear ...

takes the title ''Emperor Albert I Kalonji'' of South Kasai. ** Bernard Schwarz gets the patent for the body electrode. *

April 13 Events Pre-1600 *1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. 1601–1900 *1612 – In one of the epic samurai ...

– In Portugal, a coup attempt against

António de Oliveira Salazar António de Oliveira Salazar (, , ; 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese dictator who served as President of the Council of Ministers from 1932 to 1968. Having come to power under the ("National Dictatorship"), he reframed the re ...

fails. *

April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. *1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...

** The

Bay of Pigs Invasion The Bay of Pigs Invasion (, sometimes called ''Invasión de Playa Girón'' or ''Batalla de Playa Girón'' after the Playa Girón) was a failed military landing operation on the southwestern coast of Cuba in 1961 by Cuban exiles, covertly fina ...

of

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

begins; it fails by

April 19 Events Pre-1600 *AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at ...

. ** The 33rd Academy Awards ceremony is held in

Santa Monica, California Santa Monica (; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Santa Mónica'') is a city in Los Angeles County, California, Los Angeles County, situated along Santa Monica Bay on California's South Coast (California), South Coast. Santa Monica's 2020 United Sta ...

: '' The Apartment'' (1960) wins most awards, including Best Picture. *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. * 1428 – Peace of Ferrara betw ...

– Portugal sends its first military reinforcement to

Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...

. * April 20 –

Fidel Castro Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (; ; 13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 200 ...

announces that the

Bay of Pigs Invasion The Bay of Pigs Invasion (, sometimes called ''Invasión de Playa Girón'' or ''Batalla de Playa Girón'' after the Playa Girón) was a failed military landing operation on the southwestern coast of Cuba in 1961 by Cuban exiles, covertly fina ...

has been defeated. *

April 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil. * 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. * 1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern ...

–

Algiers putsch The Algiers putsch (french: Putsch d'Alger or ), also known as the Generals' putsch (''Putsch des généraux''), was a failed coup d'état intended to force President of France, French President Charles de Gaulle not to abandon French Algeria, ...

: Four French generals who oppose de Gaulle's policies in

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

fail in a coup attempt. *

April 23 Events Pre-1600 * 215 BC – A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene. * 599 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southe ...

–

Judy Garland Judy Garland (born Frances Ethel Gumm; June 10, 1922June 22, 1969) was an American actress and singer. While critically acclaimed for many different roles throughout her career, she is widely known for playing the part of Dorothy Gale in '' The ...

performs in a legendary comeback concert at

Carnegie Hall Carnegie Hall ( ) is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. It is at 881 Seventh Avenue (Manhattan), Seventh Avenue, occupying the east side of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street (Manhattan), 56th and 57th Street (Manhatta ...

in New York City. * April 24 –

Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...

warship A warship or combatant ship is a naval ship that is built and primarily intended for naval warfare. Usually they belong to the armed forces of a state. As well as being armed, warships are designed to withstand damage and are usually faster a ...

'' Vasa'', sunk on her maiden voyage in

1628 Events January–March * January 19 – (26 Jumada al-Awwal 1037 A.H.) The reign of Salef-ud-din Muhammad Shahryar as the Mughal Emperor, Shahryar Mirza, comes to an end a little more than two months after the November 7 dea ...

, is recovered from

Stockholm Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, largest city of Sweden as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people liv ...

Harbor. *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...

** President

Kennedy Kennedy may refer to: People * John F. Kennedy (1917–1963), 35th president of the United States * John Kennedy (Louisiana politician), (born 1951), US Senator from Louisiana * Kennedy (surname), a family name (including a list of persons with t ...

urges newspapers to consider national interest in times of struggle against "a monolithic and ruthless conspiracy", in an address before the American Newspaper Publishers Association''. **

Sierra Leone Sierra Leone,)]. officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. Covering a total area of , Sierra ...

becomes independent from the United Kingdom.

May

* May 4 – U.S.

Freedom Riders Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated Southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions ''Morgan v. Virginia' ...

begin interstate bus rides, to test the new

U.S. Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...

integration Integration may refer to: Biology *Multisensory integration *Path integration * Pre-integration complex, viral genetic material used to insert a viral genome into a host genome *DNA integration, by means of site-specific recombinase technology, ...

decision. * May 5 – Mercury program: Alan Shepard becomes the first American in space, aboard Mercury-Redstone 3. * May 6 –

Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, commonly referred to as Tottenham () or Spurs, is a professional football club based in Tottenham, London, England. It competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The team has playe ...

becomes the first team in the 20th century to win the

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

league and cup double. , this is the last time Tottenham have won the English League. *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...

– Briton George Blake is sentenced to 42 years imprisonment for spying. *

May 9 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. *1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. *1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...

– In a speech on "

Television and the Public Interest "Television and the Public Interest" was a speech given by Federal Communications Commission (FCC) chairman Newton N. Minow to the convention of the National Association of Broadcasters on May 9, 1961. The speech was Minow's first major speech aft ...

" to the

National Association of Broadcasters The National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) is a trade association and lobby group representing the interests of commercial and non-commercial over-the-air radio and television broadcasters in the United States. The NAB represents more than ...

, FCC chairman

Newton N. Minow Newton Norman Minow (born January 17, 1926) is an American attorney and former Chair of the Federal Communications Commission. He is famous for his speech referring to television as a " vast wasteland". While still maintaining a law practice, Mi ...

describes commercial television programming as a "vast wasteland". *

May 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. *1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. * 1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forc ...

–

Civil rights movement The civil rights movement was a nonviolent social and political movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized institutional Racial segregation in the United States, racial segregation, Racial discrimination ...

: A

Freedom Riders Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated Southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions ''Morgan v. Virginia' ...

bus is fire-bombed near

Anniston, Alabama Anniston is the county seat of Calhoun County in Alabama and is one of two urban centers/principal cities of and included in the Anniston-Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 23,106. Acco ...

, and the civil rights protestors are beaten by an angry mob of

Ku Klux Klan The Ku Klux Klan (), commonly shortened to the KKK or the Klan, is an American white supremacist, right-wing terrorist, and hate group whose primary targets are African Americans, Jews, Latinos, Asian Americans, Native Americans, and ...

members. *

May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...

–

J. Heinrich Matthaei Johannes Heinrich Matthaei (born 4 May 1929) is a German biochemist. He is best known for his unique contribution to solving the genetic code on 15 May 1961. Career Whilst a post-doctoral visitor in the laboratory of Marshall Warren Nirenberg ...

alone performs the Poly-U-Experiment, and is the first person to recognize and understand the genetic code. This is the birthdate of modern

genetics Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.Hartl D, Jones E (2005) It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar wor ...

. *

May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. *1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 1364 ...

–

Park Chung-hee Park Chung-hee (, ; 14 November 1917 – 26 October 1979) was a South Korean politician and army general who served as the dictator of South Korea from 1961 until his assassination in 1979; ruling as an unelected military strongman from 1961 ...

takes over in a military coup, in South Korea. * May 19 – '' Venera 1'' becomes the first man-made object to fly-by another planet by passing

Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is sometimes called Earth's "sister" or "twin" planet as it is almost as large and has a similar composition. As an interior planet to Earth, Venus (like Mercury) appears in Earth's sky never fa ...

(however, the probe loses contact with Earth a month earlier, and does not send back any data). * May 21 –

Civil rights movement The civil rights movement was a nonviolent social and political movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized institutional Racial segregation in the United States, racial segregation, Racial discrimination ...

:

Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama (state song), Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery, Alabama, Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville, Alabama, Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County, Al ...

Governor John Patterson declares

martial law Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civil functions or suspension of civil law by a government, especially in response to an emergency where civil forces are overwhelmed, or in an occupied territory. Use Marti ...

in an attempt to restore order, after

race riot This is a list of ethnic riots by country, and includes riots based on ethnic, sectarian, xenophobic, and racial conflict. Some of these riots can also be classified as pogroms. Africa Americas United States Nativist period: 1700s� ...

s break out. *

May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. * 11 ...

– An

earthquake An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from ...

rocks New South Wales. *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

–

Civil rights movement The civil rights movement was a nonviolent social and political movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized institutional Racial segregation in the United States, racial segregation, Racial discrimination ...

:

Freedom Riders Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated Southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions ''Morgan v. Virginia' ...

are arrested in

Jackson, Mississippi Jackson, officially the City of Jackson, is the Capital city, capital of and the List of municipalities in Mississippi, most populous city in the U.S. state of Mississippi. The city is also one of two county seats of Hinds County, Mississippi, ...

for "disturbing the peace", after disembarking from their bus. * May 25 – Apollo program: President Kennedy announces, before a special joint session of Congress, his goal to put a man on the Moon before the end of the decade. *

May 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. * 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. * 1153 &ndash ...

– Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of

Malaya Malaya refers to a number of historical and current political entities related to what is currently Peninsular Malaysia in Southeast Asia: Political entities * British Malaya (1826–1957), a loose collection of the British colony of the Straits ...

, holds a press conference in

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...

, announcing his idea to form the Federation of

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

, comprising Malaya,

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...

,

Sarawak Sarawak (; ) is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak is located in northwest Borneo Island, and is bordered by the M ...

,

Brunei Brunei ( , ), formally Brunei Darussalam ( ms, Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi alphabet, Jawi: , ), is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its South China Sea coast, it is completely sur ...

and North Borneo (

Sabah Sabah () is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah borders the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and the North Kalimantan province of Indone ...

). * May 28 – Peter Benenson's article "The Forgotten Prisoners" is published in several internationally read newspapers. This is later considered the founding of the

human rights Human rights are Morality, moral principles or Social norm, normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyHuman Rights Retrieved 14 August 2014 for ce ...

organization

Amnesty International Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. The organization says it has more than ten million members and sup ...

. *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...

–

Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina ( , ; 24 October 189130 May 1961), nicknamed ''El Jefe'' (, "The Chief" or "The Boss"), was a Dominican dictator who ruled the Dominican Republic from February 1930 until his assassination in May 1961. He ser ...

, ruler of the

Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic ( ; es, República Dominicana, ) is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region. It occupies the eastern five-eighths of the island, which it shares wit ...

since

1930 Events January * January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be ...

, is killed in an ambush. * May 31 ** In France, rebel generals

Maurice Challe Maurice Challe (5 September 1905 – 18 January 1979) was a French general during the Algerian War, one of four generals who took part in the Algiers putsch. A native of Le Pontet, Vaucluse, and a veteran of the World War II, Second World War, C ...

and Andre Zelelr are sentenced to 15 years in prison. ** South Africa becomes a republic, and officially leaves the

Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations, simply referred to as the Commonwealth, is a political association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire. The chief institutions of the organisation are the Co ...

. ** President

John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination i ...

and

Charles de Gaulle Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (; ; (commonly abbreviated as CDG) 22 November 18909 November 1970) was a French army officer and statesman who led Free France against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government ...

meet in Paris. ** Benfica beats

Barcelona Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...

3–2 at

Wankdorf Stadium The Wankdorf Stadium (german: Wankdorfstadion, ) was a football stadium in the Wankdorf quarter of Bern, Switzerland, and the former home of Swiss club BSC Young Boys. It was built in 1925, and as well as serving as a club stadium, it hosted se ...

,

Bern german: Berner(in)french: Bernois(e) it, bernese , neighboring_municipalities = Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, Mühleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen , website ...

and wins the

1960–61 European Cup The 1960–61 European Cup was the sixth season of the European Cup, UEFA's premier club football tournament. The competition was won by Benfica, who won 3–2 in the final against Barcelona, who had knocked out Spanish rivals Real Madrid, winne ...

(football).

June

*

June 1 Events Pre-1600 *1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. *1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...

–

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

experiences its most devastating earthquake of the 20th century, with a magnitude of 6.7. The town of

Majete Majete is a town in north-eastern Ethiopia. Located in the Semien Shewa Zone of the Amhara Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of . Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, Karakore has an estimated total populat ...

is destroyed, 45% of the houses in

Karakore Karakore (sometimes spelled as two words, Kara Kore) is a town in north-eastern Ethiopia. Located in the Semien Shewa Zone of the Amhara Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 1696 meters above sea level. Passin ...

collapse, of the main road north of Karakore are damaged by landslides and fissures, and 5,000 inhabitants in the area are left homeless. * June 4 –

Vienna summit The Vienna summit was a summit meeting held on June 4, 1961, in Vienna, Austria, between President John F. Kennedy of the United States and First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev of the Soviet Union. The leaders of the two superpowers of the Cold W ...

:

John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination i ...

and

Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev s ...

meet during two days in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

. They discuss nuclear tests,

disarmament Disarmament is the act of reducing, limiting, or abolishing weapons. Disarmament generally refers to a country's military or specific type of weaponry. Disarmament is often taken to mean total elimination of weapons of mass destruction, such as n ...

and Germany. * June 16 – Russian ballet dancer

Rudolf Nureyev Rudolf Khametovich Nureyev ( ; Tatar/ Bashkir: Рудольф Хәмит улы Нуриев; rus, Рудо́льф Хаме́тович Нуре́ев, p=rʊˈdolʲf xɐˈmʲetəvʲɪtɕ nʊˈrʲejɪf; 17 March 19386 January 1993) was a Soviet ...

requests asylum in France, while in Paris with the

Kirov Ballet The Mariinsky Ballet (russian: Балет Мариинского театра) is the resident classical ballet company of the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Founded in the 18th century and originally known as the Imperial Russ ...

. *

June 17 Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. * 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...

** A Paris-to-

Strasbourg Strasbourg (, , ; german: Straßburg ; gsw, label=Bas Rhin Alsatian, Strossburi , gsw, label=Haut Rhin Alsatian, Strossburig ) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France and the official seat of the Eu ...

train derails near

Vitry-le-François Vitry-le-François () is a commune in the Marne department in northeastern France. It is located on the river Marne and is the western terminus of the Marne–Rhine Canal. Vitry-le-François station has rail connections to Paris, Reims, Strasbour ...

; 24 are killed, 109 injured. ** The

New Democratic Party The New Democratic Party (NDP; french: Nouveau Parti démocratique, NPD) is a federal political party in Canada. Widely described as social democratic,The party is widely described as social democratic: * * * * * * * * * * * * t ...

of Canada is founded, with the merger of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and the

Canadian Labour Congress The Canadian Labour Congress, or CLC (french: Congrès du travail du Canada, link=no or ) is a national trade union centre, the central labour body in Canada to which most Canadian labour unions are affiliated. History Formation The CLC was ...

. * June 19 – The British

protectorate A protectorate, in the context of international relations, is a State (polity), state that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law. It is a dependent territory that enjoys autonomy over m ...

ends in

Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the nort ...

and it becomes an emirate. * June 22 – Moise Tshombe is released for lack of evidence of his connection to the murder of

Patrice Lumumba Patrice Émery Lumumba (; 2 July 1925 – 17 January 1961) was a Congolese politician and independence leader who served as the first prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then known as the Republic of the Congo) from June u ...

. *

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. * 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. * 1280 – The Spanish Re ...

– The Antarctic Treaty comes into effect. * June 25 –

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...

i president Abd al-Karim Qasim announces his intention to annex newly independent

Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the nort ...

(such an annexation will occur in

1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...

). * June 27 – Kuwait requests British help against the Iraqi threat; the United Kingdom sends in troops.

July

*

July 4 Events Pre-1600 * 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans. * 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaim ...

–

Soviet submarine K-19 ''K-19'' (Russian: К-19) was the first submarine of the Project 658 (Russian: проект-658, lit: ''Projekt-658'') class (NATO reporting name ), the first generation of Soviet nuclear submarines equipped with nuclear ballistic missiles, s ...

suffers a reactor leak in the North Atlantic. * July 5 – The first Israeli rocket, '' Shavit 2'', is launched. *

July 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1099 – Some 15,000 starving Christian soldiers begin the siege of Jerusalem by marching in a religious procession around the city as its Muslim defenders watch. * 1283 – Roger of Lauria, commanding the Aragonese ...

– A mine explosion in

Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...

leaves 108 dead. *

July 12 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – The armies of Titus attack the walls of Jerusalem after a six-month siege. Three days later they breach the walls, which enables the army to destroy the Second Temple. * 927 – King Constantine II of ...

** A Czechoslovakian

Ilyushin Il-18 The Ilyushin Il-18 (russian: Илью́шин Ил-18; NATO reporting name: Coot) is a large turboprop airliner that first flew in 1957 and became one of the best known and most durable Soviet aircraft of its era. The Il-18 was one of the world ...

crashes while attempting to land at

Casablanca Casablanca, also known in Arabic as Dar al-Bayda ( ar, الدَّار الْبَيْضَاء, al-Dār al-Bayḍāʾ, ; ber, ⴹⴹⴰⵕⵍⴱⵉⴹⴰ, ḍḍaṛlbiḍa, : "White House") is the largest city in Morocco and the country's econom ...

, Morocco, killing all 72 people on board. ** Two dams that supplied water to the City of

Pune Pune (; ; also known as Poona, (List of renamed Indian cities and states#Maharashtra, the official name from 1818 until 1978) is one of the most important industrial and educational hubs of India, with an estimated population of 7.4 million ...

, India burst, causing death of more than 1000 residents. * July 17 – Baseball legend

Ty Cobb Tyrus Raymond Cobb (December 18, 1886 – July 17, 1961), nicknamed "the Georgia Peach", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) center fielder. He was born in rural Narrows, Georgia. Cobb spent 22 seasons with the Detroit Tigers, the las ...

dies at the age of 74, at

Emory University Hospital Emory University Hospital is a 733-bed facility in Atlanta, Georgia, specializing in the care of acutely ill adults. Emory University Hospital is staffed exclusively by Emory University School of Medicine faculty who also are members of The Emor ...

. *

July 21 Events Pre-1600 * 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson. * 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became the ...

– Mercury program:

Virgil I. Grissom Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom (April 3, 1926 – January 27, 1967) was an American engineer, pilot in the United States Air Force, and member of the Mercury Seven selected by National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) as Project Mercur ...

, piloting the Mercury-Redstone 4 spacecraft '' Liberty Bell 7'', becomes the second American to go into space (sub-orbital). After splashdown, the hatch prematurely opens, and the spacecraft sinks (it is recovered in

1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootin ...

). *

July 25 Events Pre-1600 * 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. * 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...

– U.S. President

John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination i ...

gives a widely watched TV speech on the Berlin crisis, warning "we will not be driven out of Berlin." Kennedy urges Americans to build fallout shelters, setting off a four-month debate on civil defense. *

July 31 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide. * 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Tr ...

** At

Fenway Park Fenway Park is a baseball stadium located in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, near Kenmore Square. Since 1912, it has been the home of the Boston Red Sox, the city's American League baseball team, and since 1953, its only Major League Base ...

in

Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...

, the first

Major League Baseball All-Star Game The Major League Baseball All-Star Game, also known as the "Midsummer Classic", is an annual professional baseball game sanctioned by Major League Baseball (MLB) and contested between the all-stars from the American League (AL) and National ...

tie occurs, when the game is stopped in the 9th inning due to rain (the only tie until

2002 File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains East Timor independence, indepe ...

). **

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

submits the first application from a non-founding country to join the

European Economic Community The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organization created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the ''Treaty on the functioning of the European Union'', as renamed by the Lisb ...

.

August

*

August August is the eighth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, and the fifth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. Its zodiac sign is Leo and was originally named ''Sextilis'' in Latin because it was the 6th month in ...

– The United States founds the Alliance for Progress. * August 1 – The Six Flags Over Texas theme park officially opens to the public. *

August 6 Events Pre-1600 *1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean. * 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada ...

– ''

Vostok 2 Vostok 2 (russian: Восток-2, ''Orient 2'' or ''East 2'') was a Soviet space mission which carried cosmonaut Gherman Titov into orbit for a full day on August 6, 1961, to study the effects of a more prolonged period of weightlessness on the ...

'': Soviet cosmonaut Gherman Titov becomes the second human to orbit the Earth, and the first to be in outer space for more than one day. * August 7 – ''Vostok 2'' lands in the Soviet Union. * August 10 – The United Kingdom applies for membership in the

European Economic Community The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organization created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the ''Treaty on the functioning of the European Union'', as renamed by the Lisb ...

. *

August 11 Events Pre-1600 * 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. * 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founde ...

– An

annular solar eclipse A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of the Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six month ...

is visible from the Southern Ocean. *

August 13 Events Pre-1600 * 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. * 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. * 554 – Em ...

– Construction of the

Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall (german: Berliner Mauer, ) was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and East Germany (GDR). Construction of the Berlin Wall was commenced by the government ...

begins, restricting movement between

East Berlin East Berlin was the ''de facto'' capital city of East Germany from 1949 to 1990. Formally, it was the Allied occupation zones in Germany, Soviet sector of Berlin, established in 1945. The American, British, and French sectors were known as ...

and

West Berlin West Berlin (german: Berlin (West) or , ) was a political enclave which comprised the western part of Berlin during the years of the Cold War. Although West Berlin was de jure not part of West Germany, lacked any sovereignty, and was under mi ...

, and forming a clear boundary between West Germany and

East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...

,

Western Europe Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's countries and territories vary depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean ...

and

Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the Europe, European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. The vast majority of the region is covered by Russ ...

. On August 22

Ida Siekmann Ida Siekmann (23 August 1902 – 22 August 1961) was a German nurse who became the first known person to die at the Berlin Wall, only nine days after the beginning of its construction. Biography Ida Siekmann was born on 23 August 1902, in ...

jumps from a window in her tenement building trying to flee to the West, becoming the first of at least 138 people to die at the Wall. *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. * 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. *1169 – Battle o ...

–

Jomo Kenyatta Jomo Kenyatta (22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978. He was the country's first indigenous ...

is released from prison in

Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...

. * August 25 –

João Goulart João Belchior Marques Goulart (1 March 1919 – 6 December 1976), commonly known as Jango, was a Brazilian politician who served as the 24th president of Brazil until a military coup d'état deposed him on 1 April 1964. He was considered the ...

replaces Jânio Quadros as

President of Brazil The president of Brazil ( pt, Presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil ( pt, Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the ''President of the Republic'', is the head of state and head o ...

(he is ousted in

1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch ...

). * August 30 – The Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness is signed at the United Nations in New York, coming into effect December 13, 1975.

September

*

September 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated. * 1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancon ...

** The

Eritrean War of Independence The Eritrean War of Independence was a war for independence which Eritrean independence fighters waged against successive Ethiopian governments from 1 September 1961 to 24 May 1991. Eritrea was an Italian colony from the 1880s until the d ...

officially begins, with the shooting of the Ethiopian police by Hamid Idris Awate. ** The first meeting of the

Non-Aligned Movement The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 120 countries that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. After the United Nations, it is the largest grouping of states worldwide. The movement originated in the aftermath o ...

is held. The Soviet Union resumes nuclear testing, escalating fears over the ongoing Berlin crisis. *

September 7 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem. * 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII. *1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen. *1191 – Third Cru ...

–

Tom and Jerry ''Tom and Jerry'' is an American Animated cartoon, animated media franchise and series of comedy short films created in 1940 by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. Best known for its 161 theatrical short films by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, the series c ...

make a return with their first cartoon short since 1958, ''

Switchin' Kitten ''Switchin' Kitten'' is a ''Tom and Jerry'' animated short film, released on September 7, 1961. It was the first cartoon in the series to be directed by Gene Deitch and produced by William L. Snyder in Czechoslovakia, after William Hanna and Jose ...

''. The new creator,

Gene Deitch Eugene Merril Deitch (August 8, 1924 – April 16, 2020) was an American illustrator, animator, comics artist, and film director who was based in Prague from the 1960s until his death in 2020. Deitch was known for creating animated cartoons ...

, makes 12 more Tom and Jerry shorts through 1962. * September 10 – During the F1 Italian Grand Prix on the circuit of Monza, German

Wolfgang von Trips Wolfgang Alexander Albert Eduard Maximilian Reichsgraf Berghe von Trips (; 4 May 1928 – 10 September 1961), also known simply as Wolfgang Graf Berghe von Trips and nicknamed 'Taffy' by friends and fellow racers, was a German racing driver. He w ...

, driving a

Ferrari Ferrari S.p.A. (; ) is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy. Founded by Enzo Ferrari (1898–1988) in 1939 from the Alfa Romeo racing division as ''Auto Avio Costruzioni'', the company built its first car in ...

, crashes into a stand, killing 14 spectators and himself. * September 12 – The African and Malagasy Union is founded. * September 14 ** The new military government of

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

sentences 15 members of the previous government to death. ** The

Focolare Movement The Focolare Movement is an international organization that promotes the ideals of unity and universal brotherhood. Founded in Trent, northern Italy, in 1943 by Chiara Lubich as a Catholic movement, it remains largely Roman Catholic but has st ...

opens its first North American center in

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

. *

September 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia". * 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empi ...

** Military rulers in

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

hang former prime minister

Adnan Menderes Adnan Menderes (; 1899 – 17 September 1961) was a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister of Turkey between 1950 and 1960. He was one of the founders of the Democrat Party (DP) in 1946, the fourth legal opposition party of Turkey. He ...

, together with the former Minister of Foreign Affairs

Fatin Rüştü Zorlu Fatin Rüştü Zorlu (20 April 1910 – 16 September 1961) was a Turkish diplomat and politician. He was executed by hanging after the coup d'état in 1960 along with two other politicians. Early life and education He was born on 20 April ...

and former Minister of Finance

Hasan Polatkan Hasan Polatkan (1915 – 16 September 1961) was a Turkish politician and Minister of Labor and Finance, who was executed by hanging after the coup d'état in 1960 along with two other cabinet members. Early years He was born 1915 in Eski� ...

. ** The world's first retractable roof stadium, the Civic Arena, opens in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. *

September 18 Events Pre-1600 * 96 – Domitian, who has been conducting a reign of terror for the past three years, is assassinated as a result of a plot by his wife Domitia and two Praetorian prefects. * 96 – Nerva is proclaimed Roman emperor a ...

–

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...

Secretary-General Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the organization. The term is derived ...

Dag Hammarskjöld dies in an air crash, en route to Katanga,

Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...

. *

September 21 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power. * 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders. * 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...

– In France, the

OAS OAS or Oas may refer to: Chemistry * O-Acetylserine, amino-acid involved in cysteine synthesis Computers * Open-Architecture-System, the main user interface of Wersi musical keyboards * OpenAPI Specification (originally Swagger Specification), ...

slips an anti- de Gaulle message into TV programming. *

September 24 Events Pre-1600 *787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia. *1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...

** The old

Deutsche Opernhaus Deutsch or Deutsche may refer to: *''Deutsch'' or ''(das) Deutsche'': the German language, in Germany and other places *''Deutsche'': Germans, as a weak masculine, feminine or plural demonym *Deutsch (word), originally referring to the Germanic ve ...

in the Berlin neighborhood of Charlottenburg is returned to its newly rebuilt house, as the Deutsche Oper Berlin. ** In the U.S., the Walt Disney anthology television series, renamed ''Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color'', moves from ABC to NBC after seven years on the air, and begins telecasting its programs in color for the first time. Years later, after Disney's death, the still-on-the-air program will be renamed ''The Wonderful World of Disney''. *

September 28 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII. * 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...

– A military coup in

Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

,

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

effectively ends the

United Arab Republic The United Arab Republic (UAR; ar, الجمهورية العربية المتحدة, al-Jumhūrīyah al-'Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 until 1971. It was initially a political union between Eg ...

, the union between

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...

and

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

. *

September 30 Events Pre-1600 * 489 – The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time. * 737 – The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture their b ...

– The

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; french: Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, ''OCDE'') is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries ...

(OECD) is formed to replace the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC).

October

* October 1 – Baseball player

Roger Maris Roger Eugene Maris (September 10, 1934 – December 14, 1985) was an American professional baseball right fielder who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He is best known for setting a new MLB single-season home run record with 61 ...

of the New York Yankees hits his 61st home run in the last game of the season, against the

Boston Red Sox The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. Founded in as one of the American League's eight ...

, setting a new record for the longer baseball season. The record for the shorter season is still held by Babe Ruth. * October 5 – ''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' (film) was theatrically released by

Paramount Pictures Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film and television production company, production and Distribution (marketing), distribution company and the main namesake division of Paramount Global (formerly ViacomCBS). It is the fifth-oldes ...

, to critical and commercial success. * October 10 – A volcanic eruption on

Tristan da Cunha Tristan da Cunha (), colloquially Tristan, is a remote group of volcanic islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is the most remote inhabited archipelago in the world, lying approximately from Cape Town in South Africa, from Saint Helena ...

causes the whole population to be evacuated to Britain, where they will remain until 1963. * October 12 – The

death penalty Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that t ...

is abolished in New Zealand. * October 17 – Paris massacre of 1961: French police in Paris attack about 30,000 protesting a curfew applied solely to

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

ns. The official death toll is 3, but human rights groups claim 240 dead. *

October 18 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self-inflicted starvation. * 320 – Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philos ...

– ''

West Side Story ''West Side Story'' is a musical conceived by Jerome Robbins with music by Leonard Bernstein, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and a book by Arthur Laurents. Inspired by William Shakespeare's play ''Romeo and Juliet'', the story is set in the mid-1 ...

'' is released as a film in the United States. * October 19 – The

Arab League The Arab League ( ar, الجامعة العربية, ' ), formally the League of Arab States ( ar, جامعة الدول العربية, '), is a regional organization in the Arab world, which is located in Northern Africa, Western Africa, E ...

takes over protecting

Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the nort ...

; the last British troops leave. *

October 25 Events Pre-1600 * 285 (or 286) – Execution of Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers. * 473 – Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II a ...

– The first edition of ''

Private Eye ''Private Eye'' is a British fortnightly satire, satirical and current affairs (news format), current affairs news magazine, founded in 1961. It is published in London and has been edited by Ian Hislop since 1986. The publication is widely r ...

'', the British satirical magazine, is published. * October 26 –

Cemal Gürsel Cemal Gürsel (; 13 October 1895 – 14 September 1966) was a Turkish army general who became the List of Presidents of Turkey, fourth President of Turkey after a coup. Early life He was born in the city of Erzurum as the son of an Ottoman A ...

becomes the fourth president of Turkey (his former title is head of state and government; he is elected as president by constitutional referendum). *

October 27 Events Pre-1600 * 312 – Constantine is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. * 1275 – Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam. * 1524 – French troops lay siege to Pavia. * 1553 – Condemned as ...

** An

armistice An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, as it may constitute only a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace. It is derived from the La ...

begins in Katanga,

Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...

. **

Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...

and

Mauritania Mauritania (; ar, موريتانيا, ', french: Mauritanie; Berber: ''Agawej'' or ''Cengit''; Pulaar: ''Moritani''; Wolof: ''Gànnaar''; Soninke:), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania ( ar, الجمهورية الإسلامية ...

join the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...

. ** Confrontation at Checkpoint Charlie: A standoff between

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

and American tanks in Berlin, Germany heightens

Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...

tensions. **

Fahrettin Özdilek Emin Fahrettin Özdilek was a military officer and politician. He served as acting Prime Minister of Turkey in 1961. Military career Özdilek entered cadet school in 1916. He was promoted to Lieutenant the following year. Özdilek would later pa ...

becomes the acting prime minister of Turkey. * October 29 ** DZBB-TV Channel 7, the Philippines' third TV station, is launched. **

Devrim Devrim (, meaning ''Revolution'' in Turkish) was the first ever automobile designed and produced in Turkey. Automotive Industry Congress On 15 May 1961, the ''Otomotiv Endüstri Kongresi'' (Automotive Industry Congress) was opened by Presiden ...

, the first ever

car A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people instead of goods. The year 1886 is regarded as ...

designed and produced in

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

, is released. The project has been completed in only 130 days almost from scratch, a period including decision on the project, research, design, development and production of four vehicles. * October 30 ** Nuclear weapons testing: The

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

detonates a 58-megaton yield

hydrogen bomb A thermonuclear weapon, fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb (H bomb) is a second-generation nuclear weapon design. Its greater sophistication affords it vastly greater destructive power than first-generation nuclear bombs, a more compact size, a lowe ...

known as

Tsar Bomba The Tsar Bomba () ( code name: ''Ivan'' or ''Vanya''), also known by the alphanumerical designation "AN602", was a thermonuclear aerial bomb, and the most powerful nuclear weapon ever created and tested. Overall, the Soviet physicist Andrei Sa ...

, over

Novaya Zemlya Novaya Zemlya (, also , ; rus, Но́вая Земля́, p=ˈnovəjə zʲɪmˈlʲa, ) is an archipelago in northern Russia. It is situated in the Arctic Ocean, in the extreme northeast of Europe, with Cape Flissingsky, on the northern island, ...

(it remains the largest ever man-made explosion). ** The Note Crisis: The Soviet Union issues a diplomatic note to Finland, proposing military co-operation. * October 31 **

Hurricane Hattie Hurricane Hattie was one of the strongest and deadliest tropical cyclones of the 1961 Atlantic hurricane season, reaching a peak intensity as a Category5 hurricane. The ninth tropical storm, seventh hurricane, fifth major hurricane, and secon ...

devastates

Belize City Belize City is the largest city in Belize and was once the capital of the former British Honduras. According to the 2010 census, Belize City has a population of 57,169 people in 16,162 households. It is at the mouth of the Haulover Creek, wh ...

,

Belize Belize (; bzj, Bileez) is a Caribbean and Central American country on the northeastern coast of Central America. It is bordered by Mexico to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Guatemala to the west and south. It also shares a wate ...

killing over 270. After the hurricane, the capital moves to the inland city of

Belmopan Belmopan () is the capital city of Belize. Its population in 2010 was 16,451. In addition to being the smallest capital city in the continental Americas by population, Belmopan is the third-largest settlement in Belize, behind Belize City and S ...

. **

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...

's body is removed from the Lenin Mausoleum.

November

*

November 1 Events Pre-1600 * 365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities. * 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, ...

** The

Hungry generation The Hungry Generation ( bn, হাংরি জেনারেশান) was a literary movement in the Bengali language launched by what is known today as the Hungryalist quartet, ''i.e.'' Shakti Chattopadhyay, Malay Roy Choudhury, Samir Royc ...

Movement is launched in

Calcutta Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, the official name until 2001) is the Capital city, capital of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal, on the eastern ba ...

,

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

. ** The Interstate Commerce Commission's federal order banning segregation at all interstate public facilities officially comes into effect. * November 2 – ''Kean (musical), Kean'' opens at Broadway Theater in New York City for 92 performances. * November 3 – The United Nations General Assembly unanimously elects Burmese diplomat U Thant to the position of acting

Secretary-General Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the organization. The term is derived ...

. * November 6 – The US government issues a stamp honoring the 100th birthday of James Naismith. * November 8 ** Imperial Airlines Flight 201/8 crashes while attempting to land at Richmond, Virginia, killing 77 people on board. ** KVN, Russia's longest running TV show, airs for the first time on Soviet television. * November 9 – Robert Michael White, Robert White records a Flight airspeed record, world air speed record of , in an North American X-15, X-15. * November 10 – ''Catch-22'' by Joseph Heller is first published, in the US. * November 11 ** Congolese soldiers murder 13 Italian

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...

pilots. ** Stalingrad is renamed Volgograd. *November 14 – Yves Saint Laurent (brand), Yves Saint Laurent, a Luxury goods, luxury fashion brand of France, founded in Rue La Boetie, Paris. * November 17 – Michael Rockefeller, son of Govenor of New York, New York Governor and later Vice President of the United States, Vice President Nelson Rockefeller, disappears in the jungles of New Guinea. * November 18 – U.S. President

John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination i ...

sends 18,000 military advisors to South Vietnam. * November 19 – Rebellion of the Pilots: A military uprising overthrows the Trujillo regime in the

Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic ( ; es, República Dominicana, ) is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region. It occupies the eastern five-eighths of the island, which it shares wit ...

. * November 20 – İsmet İnönü of the Republican People's Party, CHP forms the new government of

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

(26th government, first coalition in Turkey, partner Justice Party (Turkey), AP). * November 21 – The "La Ronde (restaurant), La Ronde" opens in Honolulu, the first revolving restaurant in the United States. * November 24 – The World Food Programme (WFP) is formed as a temporary

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...

program. * November 30 – The

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

vetoes

Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the nort ...

's application for

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...

membership.

December

* December 1 – Netherlands New Guinea raises the new Morning Star flag, and changes its name to Republic of West Papua, West Papua. * December 2 –

Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...

: In a nationally broadcast speech,

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

n leader

Fidel Castro Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (; ; 13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 200 ...

announces he is a Marxist–Leninist, and that Cuba will adopt socialism. * December 5 – U.S. President

John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination i ...

gives support to the Akosombo Dam, Volta Dam project in

Ghana Ghana (; tw, Gaana, ee, Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and To ...

. * December 9 ** Tanganyika (1961–1964), Tanganyika gains independence as a Commonwealth realm, with Julius Nyerere as its first Prime Minister, with Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Tanganyika, and represented locally by the Governor-General of Tanganyika. ** 1961 Australian federal election: Robert Menzies' Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal/National Party of Australia, Country Coalition (Australia), Coalition Menzies Government (1949-66), Government is re-elected with a one-seat majority, narrowly defeating the Australian Labor Party, Labor Party led by Arthur Calwell. One of the closest election results in Australian history, such a result will not be replicated again 2016 Australian federal election, until 2016. Notably, former Prime Minister of Australia, Prime Minister Earle Page loses his seat, although he dies a few days later, never knowing the result. * December 10 – The

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

severs Soviet-Albanian Relations, diplomatic relations with Albania. * December 11 ** American involvement in the Vietnam War officially begins, as the first American helicopters arrive in Saigon, along with 400 U.S. personnel. **

Adolf Eichmann Otto Adolf Eichmann ( ,"Eichmann"
''

Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...

, Katangan prime minister Moise Tshombe recognizes the Congolese constitution. * December 23 –

Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...

's National Day, national holiday, the Grand Duke's Official Birthday, is set on

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. * 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. * 1280 – The Spanish Re ...

by Grand Ducal decree. * December 30 – Congolese troops capture

Albert Kalonji Albert Kalonji Ditunga (6 June 1929 – 20 April 2015) was a Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congolese politician best known as the leader of the short-lived secessionist state of South Kasai (''Sud-Kasaï'') during the Congo Crisis. Ear ...

of South Kasai (who soon escapes). * December 31 – Ireland's first national television station, ''Telefís Éireann'' (later Raidió Teilifís Éireann), begins broadcasting.

Births

January

Gabrielle Carteris at the Chiller Theatre Expo 2017

* January 2 ** Gabrielle Carteris, American actress, and trade union leader ** Todd Haynes, American film director *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso IV ...

– Supriya Pathak, Indian actress *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...

– Calvin Smith, American athlete * January 11 ** Lars-Erik Torph, Swedish rally driver (d. 1989) ** Karl von Habsburg, Karl Habsburg-Lothringen, Austrian politician, noble * January 13 – Julia Louis-Dreyfus, American actress, producer and comedian * January 14 ** Rob Hall, New Zealand mountaineer (d. 1996) ** Mike Tramp, Danish rock singer (''White Lion'') *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...

– Maia Chiburdanidze, Georgian chess player * January 18 ** Peter Beardsley, English footballer ** Mark Messier, Canadian hockey player * January 22 ** Daniel Johnston, American singer-songwriter, musician and artist (d. 2019) ** Shigeru Nakahara, Japanese voice actor *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Cou ...

– Guido Buchwald, German footballer *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...

– Vivian Balakrishnan, Singaporean politician * January 26 – Wayne Gretzky, Canadian hockey player * January 27 – Saifuddin Abdullah, Malaysian politician *

January 28 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession o ...

– Arnaldur Indriðason, Icelandic writer * January 29 – Petra Thümer, German swimmer

February

David Graeber 2015-03-07 (16741093492) (cropped)

*

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

– Volker Fried, German field hockey player * February 3 – Jim Balsillie, Canadian CEO and philanthropist *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

** Aleksandr Nikitin (footballer), Aleksandr Nikitin, Russian football coach and player (d. 2021) ** Denis Cyr, Canadian-American ice hockey player and politician *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. * 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion. * 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...

– Flordelis, Brazilian pastor, singer and politician * February 6 – Yuko Kobayashi, Japanese voice actress *

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. * 1539 – The first recorded race is hel ...

– Jussi Lampi, Finnish musician and actor * February 11 – Mary Docter, American speed skater *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under ...

– David Graeber, American anthropologist, anarchist activist and author (d. 2020) *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...

– Henry Rollins, American musician and activist *

February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...

– Maria do Carmo Silveira, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

– Benoît Chamoux, French alpinist (d. 1995) * February 16 – Niko Nirvi, Finnish journalist * February 17 ** Meir Kessler, Israeli rabbi ** Andrey Korotayev, Russian anthropologist, economic historian and sociologist * February 18 – Hironobu Kageyama, Japanese singer * February 19 – Justin Fashanu, English footballer (d. 1998) * February 20 ** Dwayne McDuffie, American writer of comics and television (d. 2011) ** Phil Powers (climber), Phil Powers, American alpinist ** Imogen Stubbs, British actress and playwright * February 21 ** Christopher Atkins, American actor ** Abhijit Banerjee, Indian-born economist, recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences ** Geoff Moore, American Christian musician * February 22 – Akira Takasaki, Japanese guitarist * February 27 – James Worthy, American basketball player and analyst * February 28 – Richard Waugh (actor), Richard Waugh, Canadian voice actor

March

Laurel Clark, NASA photo portrait in blue suit

WW Chicago 2015 - Evil Dead 18 (21021271936)

*

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 &nd ...

** Milorad Mandić, Serbian actor (d. 2016) ** Mary Page Keller, American actress ** John Matteson, Pulitzer Prize-winning American biographer * March 4 ** Ray Mancini, American boxer ** Roger Wessels, South African golfer * March 5 – Charles Poliquin, Canadian strength coach * March 9 ** Mike Leach (American football coach), Mike Leach, American college football coach ** Rick Steiner, American professional wrestler * March 10 ** Mike Bullard (ice hockey), Mike Bullard, American hockey player ** Laurel Clark, American astronaut (d. 2003) ** Mitch Gaylord, American gymnast * March 11 – Elias Koteas, Canadian film and television actor *

March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...

- Vasily Ignatenko, Soviet firefighter at the Chernobyl disaster (d. 1986) *March 14 ** Kim Boyce, American Christian musician ** Gary Dell'Abate, American radio producer ** Marc Koska, English businessman and inventor ** Hiro Matsushita, Japanese Businessman and Former Racing driver * March 16 ** Brett Kenny, Australian rugby league player ** Todd McFarlane, Canadian comic book creator and entrepreneur ** Michiru Ōshima, Japanese composer * March 17 ** Umayya Abu-Hanna, Palestine-born Finnish writer and politician ** Alexander Bard, Swedish musician (Army of Lovers) ** Sam Bowie, American basketball player ** Dana Reeve, American actress, singer and activist (d. 2006) ** Casey Siemaszko, American actor * March 21 ** Kassie DePaiva, American actress ** Lothar Matthäus, German footballer * March 22 ** Simon Furman, British comic book writer * March 23 ** Norrie McCathie, Scottish footballer (d. 1996) ** Ali Hewson, Irish activist and businesswoman ** Helmi Johannes, Indonesian television newscaster * March 24 ** Mitsuru Ogata, Japanese voice actor ** Yanis Varoufakis, Greek economist, Greek Finance Minister * March 25 ** Reggie Fils-Aimé, American businessman ** Vitalijus Satkevičius, Lithuanian politician * March 26 – William Hague, former UK Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Foreign Secretary and former Leader of the UK Conservative Party (UK), Conservative Party * March 27 – Tak Matsumoto, Japanese guitarist (B'z) * March 28 – Byron Scott, American basketball player and coach * March 29 ** Amy Sedaris, American actress, comedian and writer ** Gerardo Teissonniere, Puerto Rican pianist * March 30 – Doug Wickenheiser, Canadian ice hockey player (d.

1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootin ...

) * March 31 – Gary Winick, American filmmaker (d. 2011)

April

* April 1 ** Susan Boyle, Scottish singer ** Kujira, Japanese voice actress * April 2 – Christopher Meloni, American actor * April 3 ** Elizabeth Gracen, American beauty queen, actress and model ** Eddie Murphy, African-American actor and comedian ** Edward Highmore, English actor *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

– Lisa Zane, American actress * April 6 – Gene Eugene, Canadian actor and singer (d. 2000) * April 7 ** DONDI, American graffiti artist (d. 1998) ** Thurl Bailey, American basketball player * April 9 ** Mick Kennedy, Irish footballer (d. 2019) ** April Boy Regino, Filipino musician (d. 2020) * April 10 – Rudy Dhaenens, Belgian road bicycle racer (d. 1998) * April 11 – Vincent Gallo, American actor * April 12 – Lisa Gerrard, Australian musician * April 14 ** Robert Carlyle, Scottish film and television actor ** Neil Dougherty, American basketball coach (d. 2011) ** Humberto Martins, Brazilian actor *

April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. *1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...

** Igor Lavrinenko, Belarusian politician (d. 2021) ** Frank J. Christensen, American labor leader ** Boomer Esiason, American football player and color commentator ** Greg Gianforte, U.S. Representative from Montana's at large district ** Daphna Kastner, Canadian actress *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. * 1428 – Peace of Ferrara betw ...

– Jane Leeves, English actress * April 20 ** Konstantin Lavronenko, Russian actor ** Don Mattingly, American baseball player * April 21 ** John Jairo Arias Tascón 'Pinina', Colombian criminal (d.

1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...

) ** Cathy Cavadini, American voice actress *

April 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil. * 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. * 1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern ...

– Alo Mattiisen, Estonian musician and composer (d. 1996) *

April 23 Events Pre-1600 * 215 BC – A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene. * 599 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southe ...

** Dirk Bach, German actor and comedian (d. 2012) ** George Lopez, American actor and comedian * April 26 ** Mike Francis, Italian singer and composer (d. 2009) ** Anthony Cumia, American radio personality *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...

– Moana Pozzi, Italian pornographic actress, television personality and politician (d.

1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which Sinking of the MS Estonia, sank in ...

) * April 28 – Futoshi Matsunaga, Japanese serial killer * April 29 – Fumihiko Tachiki, Japanese voice actor * April 30 – Isiah Thomas, African-American basketball player, coach and team owner

May

* May 1 – Marilyn Milian, American judge * May 2 – Steve James (snooker player), Steve James, English snooker player * May 3 ** Joe Murray (animator), Joe Murray, American animator ** David Vitter, U.S. Senator (R-LA) * May 4 ** Jay Aston, British singer (Bucks Fizz (band), Bucks Fizz) ** Mary Elizabeth McDonough, American actress, producer, director and author * May 5 – Hiroshi Hase, Japanese professional wrestler * May 6 ** George Clooney, American actor ** Wally Wingert, American actor and voice actor ** Frans Timmermans, Dutch politician and European Commissioner * May 7 – Robert Spano, American conductor and pianist *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...

** Akira Taue, Japanese professional wrestler *

May 9 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. *1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. *1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...

** Rene Capo, American judoka (d. 2009) ** John Corbett, American actor and country music singer * May 10 – Danny Carey, American drummer (Tool (band), Tool, Pigmy Love Circus) * May 11 ** Paul Begala, American political commentator ** Lar Park Lincoln, American actress * May 12 – Billy Duffy, British guitarist (The Cult) * May 13 – Dennis Rodman, American basketball player and actor *

May 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. *1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. * 1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forc ...

** Urban Priol, German Kabarett artist and comedian ** Tim Roth, English actor and director *

May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. *1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 1364 ...

** Solveig Dommartin, French actress (d. 2007) ** Kevin McDonald, Canadian actor, voice actor and comedian ** Charles Wright (wrestler), Charles Wright, American professional wrestler * May 17 – Enya, Irish musician * May 18 – Jim Bowden (baseball), Jim Bowden, American baseball executive * May 20 – Clive Allen, British footballer * May 21 – Brent Briscoe, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2017) *

May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. * 11 ...

** Mike Breen, American sports announcer ** Ann Cusack, American actress * May 23 ** Mitar Subotić, Serbian musician and composer (d.

1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootin ...

) ** Karen Duffy, American actress *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

– Ilaria Alpi, Italian journalist (d.

1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which Sinking of the MS Estonia, sank in ...

) *

May 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. * 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. * 1153 &ndash ...

– Peri Gilpin, American actress * May 28 – Roland Gift, British singer and musician (Fine Young Cannibals) * May 29 – Melissa Etheridge, American musician *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...

** Ralph Carter, American actor ** Harry Enfield, English comedian, actor, writer and director * May 31 ** Ray Cote, Canadian ice hockey player ** Lea Thompson, American actress

June

*

June 1 Events Pre-1600 *1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. *1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...

** Paul Coffey, Canadian hockey player ** Dilipkumar Viraji Thakor, Indian politician * June 2 – Dez Cadena, American musician * June 3 ** Lawrence Lessig, American academic and political activist ** Ed Wynne (guitarist), Ed Wynne, English musician (Ozric Tentacles) * June 4 **El DeBarge, American urban singer; was member of American urban group DeBarge **Sam Harris (singer), Sam Harris, American actor and pop musician * June 5 ** Mary Kay Bergman, American voice actress (d.

1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootin ...

) ** Anthony Burger, American musician and singer (d. 2006) ** Rosie Kane, Member of Scottish Parliament * June 6 – Tom Araya, Chilean-born rock musician (Slayer) * June 8 – Katy Garbi, Greek singer * June 9 ** Michael J. Fox, Canadian-American actor, producer and author ** Aaron Sorkin, American screenwriter, producer and playwright * June 10 ** Kim Deal, Kim and Kelley Deal, American musicians ** Maxi Priest, born Max Elliott, British reggae singer * June 12 – Yuri Rozanov, Russian sports TV commentator (d. 2021) * June 14 – Boy George, born George O'Dowd, British singer-songwriter and music producer * June 15 ** Dave McAuley, Northern Irish boxer ** Greg Kouri, Lebanese-Canadian investor, real estate businessman, and co-founder of Zip2 *

June 17 Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. * 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...

** Muslimgauze, British ethnic electronica and experimental musician (d.

1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootin ...

) ** Kōichi Yamadera, Japanese voice actor * June 18 ** Sakahoko Nobushige, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 2019) ** Andrés Galarraga, Venezuelan baseball player ** Alison Moyet, English singer-songwriter * June 19 – Bidhya Devi Bhandari, 2nd President of Nepal * June 20 – Karin Enke, Karin Kania, German speed skater * June 21 **Iztok Mlakar, Slovenian singer-songwriter and theatre actor **Joko Widodo, 7th President of Indonesia *

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. * 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. * 1280 – The Spanish Re ...

** Zoran Janjetov, Serbian comic artist ** David Leavitt, American novelist * June 24 ** Raja Yong Sofia, Malaysian aristocrat ** Lisa Bevill, American Christian musician ** Iain Glen, Scottish actor ** Curt Smith, British singer and keyboardist * June 25 ** Jamil Khir Baharom, Malaysian politician and former military officer ** Ricky Gervais, English comedian, actor, writer, director, and singer in Seona Dancing * June 26 – Greg LeMond, American cyclist * June 27 ** Tim Whitnall, English playwright, screenwriter and actor ** Meera Syal, British-Indian comedian and actress * June 28 ** Jeff Malone, American basketball player ** Eliezer Melamed, Israeli rabbi * June 29 ** Greg Hetson, American rock guitarist ** Sharon Lawrence, American actress, singer and dancer

July

Katherine Kelly Lang - Monte-Carlo Television Festival

National Memorial Day Concert 2017 (34117818524) (cropped)

*

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...

** Diana, Princess of Wales, born The Hon. Diana Spencer, English princess consort as first wife of Charles III of the United Kingdom, Charles, Prince of Wales (d. 1997) ** Vito Bratta, American rock guitarist ** Ivan Kaye, English actor ** Jefferson King, British bodybuilder and wrestler ** Carl Lewis, American athlete ** Fredy Schmidtke, German track cyclist (d. 2017) ** Michelle Wright, Canadian country music artist * July 2 ** Tetchie Agbayani, Filipina actress ** Jimmy McNichol, American child actor ** Samy Naceri, French actor ** Ram Chiang, Hong Kong actor and singer-composer * July 3 ** Tatiana Aleshina, Russian composer, singer-songwriter, theater artist and poet ** Mosi Alli, Tanzanian sprinter ** Suzanne Dando, English Olympic gymnast ** Joe Moreira, Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner and mixed martial artist *

July 4 Events Pre-1600 * 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans. * 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaim ...

** Charles Hector, Malaysian human rights advocate and activist ** Andrew Zimmern, American television personality (Bizarre Foods) * July 5 – Patrizia Scianca, Italian voice actress * July 6 ** Richard Mofe-Damijo, Nigerian actor ** Rick Price, Australian singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer * July 7 ** Peter Michael Escovedo, American percussionist and musical director ** Eric Jerome Dickey, American writer *

July 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1099 – Some 15,000 starving Christian soldiers begin the siege of Jerusalem by marching in a religious procession around the city as its Muslim defenders watch. * 1283 – Roger of Lauria, commanding the Aragonese ...

** Toby Keith, American country music singer ** Andy Fletcher (musician), Andy Fletcher, English musician. (d. 2022) ** Olaf Johannessen (actor), Olaf Johannessen, Faroese stage and actor * July 9 – Raymond Cruz, American actor * July 10 ** Jacky Cheung, Hong Kong singer and actor ** Lee Heung-sil, South Korean footballer ** Liyel Imoke, Nigerian politician ** Killion Munyama, Zambian-Polish economist, academic lecturer and politician * July 11 ** João Donizeti Silvestre, Brazilian businessman, historian, biologist and politician ** Ron Luce, American writer ** Ophir Pines-Paz, Israeli politician ** Sylvester Tung Kiem San, Indonesian bishop *

July 12 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – The armies of Titus attack the walls of Jerusalem after a six-month siege. Three days later they breach the walls, which enables the army to destroy the Second Temple. * 927 – King Constantine II of ...

– Mark McGann, English actor, director, writer and musician * July 13 – Stelios Manolas, Greek footballer * July 14 – Jackie Earle Haley, American actor * July 15 ** Forest Whitaker, African-American actor and film director ** David Cicilline, American politician * July 16 ** Li Ruiying, Chinese media personality and politician ** Copycat (software)#External links, J. Alan Brogan, Irish programmer * July 17 ** António Costa, Portuguese politician, Prime Minister of Portugal, 119th Prime Minister (2015–present) ** Jeremy Hardy, English comedian (d. 2019) ** Guru (rapper), Guru, American rapper (Gang Starr) (d. 2010) ** Zbigniew Zamachowski, Polish actor * July 18 – Elizabeth McGovern, American actress and musician * July 19 ** Noriyuki Abe, Japanese anime director ** Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast ** Benoît Mariage, Belgian film director ** Lisa Lampanelli, American stand-up comedian, actress and insult comic ** Campbell Scott, American actor, director, producer and voice artist *

July 21 Events Pre-1600 * 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson. * 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became the ...

** Kenji Haga, Japanese entertainment talent, actor and businessperson ** Mokgweetsi Masisi, 5th President of Botswana * July 22 ** Masumi Hayashi (murderer), Masumi Hayashi, Japanese serial killer ** Porfirije, Serbian Patriarch, Porfirije, born Prvoslav Perić, Serbian Patriarch ** Irina Rozanova, Russian actress ** Keith Sweat, American singer * July 23 ** Martin Gore, British musician and songwriter ** Michael Durant, American military pilot ** Milind Gunaji, Indian actor, model, television show host ** Woody Harrelson, American actor and comedian ** David Kaufman (actor), David Kaufman, American actor and voice actor * July 24 ** :fr:Bruno Colmant, Bruno Colmant, Belgian economist and author ** Joseph Kony, Ugandan insurgent, leader of the Lord's Resistance Army *

July 25 Events Pre-1600 * 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. * 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...

** Katherine Kelly Lang, American actress ** Hugo Teufel III, American lawyer and government official, 2nd Chief Privacy Officer, Department of Homeland Security * July 26 ** Raquel Dodge, General Prosecutor of Brazil ** Gary Cherone, American rock singer-songwriter ** David Heyman, English film producer, founder of Heyday Films ** Keiko Matsui, Japanese pianist and composer ** Dimitris Saravakos, Greek footballer * July 27 ** Ed Orgeron, American football coach ** Erez Tal, Israeli television host * July 28 ** Mustafa El Haddaoui, Moroccan footballer ** Aleksandr Kurlovich, Soviet-Belarusian Olympic weightlifter (d. 2018) * July 30 – Laurence Fishburne, African-American actor and film director

August

* August 1 – Danny Blind, Dutch footballer * August 2 – Pete de Freitas, English musician and producer (d. 1989) * August 3 ** Art Porter Jr., American jazz saxophonist (d. 1996) ** Molly Hagan, American actress ** Nick Harvey, English politician * August 4 ** Pumpuang Duangjan, Thai megastar singer and actress (d. 1992) ** Robin Carnahan, Secretary of State of Missouri ** Barack Obama, 44th President of the United States ** Lauren Tom, American actress and voice artist * August 5 ** Mercedes Aráoz, 1st Vice President of Peru ** Janet McTeer, English actress ** Hishamuddin Hussein, Malaysian politician * August 7 ** Ileen Getz, American actress (d. 2005) ** Brian Conley, English actor, comedian, singer and presenter ** Yelena Davydova, Soviet gymnast ** Maggie Wheeler, American actress * August 8 ** The Edge, Irish rock guitarist (U2) ** Bruce Matthews (American football), Bruce Matthews, American football player ** Rikki Rockett, American rock drummer (Poison (American band), Poison) * August 9 **Brad Gilbert, American tennis player **John Key, 38th Prime Minister of New Zealand * August 10 – Beatrice Alda, American actress and filmmaker *

August 11 Events Pre-1600 * 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. * 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founde ...

** Suniel Shetty, Indian actor, producer and entrepreneur ** Jukka Tapanimäki, Finnish game programmer (d. 2000) * August 12 – Lawrence (musician), Lawrence, English musician *

August 13 Events Pre-1600 * 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. * 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. * 554 – Em ...

** Mahesh Anand, Indian actor (d. 2019) ** Dawnn Lewis, American voice actress ** Koji Kondo, Japanese video game composer (Nintendo) * August 14 – Susan Olsen, American actress * August 15 – Suhasini Maniratnam, Indian actress * August 16 ** Elpidia Carrillo, Mexican-American actress ** Urara Takano, Japanese voice actress * August 17 – Uwe Schmitt, German sprinter and hurdler (d. 1995) * August 18 ** Huw Edwards (journalist), Huw Edwards, BAFTA award-winning Welsh journalist and presenter ** Bob Woodruff, American television journalist and activist * August 19 – Tony Longo, American actor (d.

2015 File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...

) * August 20 ** Plamen Nikolov (footballer born 1961), Plamen Nikolov, Bulgarian footballer ** Linda Manz, American actress (d. 2020) ** Manuel Merino, Peruvian politician, 68th President of Peru *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. * 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. *1169 – Battle o ...

– Stephen Hillenburg, American marine biologist, cartoonist and animator (d. 2018) * August 22 – Roland Orzabal, British musician and songwriter * August 23 ** Bhupesh Baghel, Indian politician and current Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh ** Alexandre Desplat, French film composer * August 24 – Jared Harris, English actor * August 25 ** Billy Ray Cyrus, American actor and singer ** Benjamin Bwalya, Zambian footballer and coach (d.

1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootin ...

) * August 27 – Tom Ford, American fashion designer and film director * August 28 ** Jennifer Coolidge, American actress and comedian ** Deepak Tijori, Indian actor and director * August 30 – Brian Mitchell (boxer), Brian Mitchell, South African boxer * August 31 – :ms:Saleem, Saleem, Malaysian singer (d. 2018)

September

Megadeth performing in San Antonio, Texas (27420120171)

James Gandolfini in Kuwait City 2010 (cropped)

*

September 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated. * 1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancon ...

** Bam Bam Bigelow, American professional wrestler (d. 2007) ** Boney James, American saxophonist, songwriter and record producer * September 2 ** Eugenio Derbez, Mexican actor, comedian and filmmaker ** Carlos Valderrama, Colombian footballer ** Ron Wasserman, American composer ** Anthony Wong Chau Sang, Anthony Wong Chau-sang, Hong Kong actor * September 3 ** Andy Griffiths (author), Andy Griffiths, Australian author ** Iwan Fals, Indonesian singer-songwriter ** Yermi Kaplan, Israeli musician * September 5 – Marc-André Hamelin, Canadian pianist and composer * September 6 ** Bruce W. Smith, American animator, director and producer ** Paul Waaktaar-Savoy, Norwegian rock musician and songwriter (A-ha) *

September 7 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem. * 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII. *1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen. *1191 – Third Cru ...

– Kevin Kennedy (actor), Kevin Kennedy, British actor * September 11 ** E.G. Daily, American actress, voice actress and singer ** Virginia Madsen, American actress * September 12 – Mylène Farmer, Canadian singer and songwriter * September 13 – Dave Mustaine, American metal singer, guitarist * September 14 – Martina Gedeck, German actress * September 15 ** Terry Lamb, Australian rugby league player and coach ** Dan Marino, American football player ** Colin McFarlane, British actor and voice actor ** Lidia Yusupova, Chechen human-rights lawyer * September 16 – Jen Tolley, American-Canadian actress and singer *

September 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia". * 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empi ...

– Jim Cornette, American author and podcaster *

September 18 Events Pre-1600 * 96 – Domitian, who has been conducting a reign of terror for the past three years, is assassinated as a result of a plot by his wife Domitia and two Praetorian prefects. * 96 – Nerva is proclaimed Roman emperor a ...

– James Gandolfini, American actor and producer (d. 2013) * September 20 – Lisa Bloom, American lawyer * September 22 ** Bonnie Hunt, American actress, comedian, writer, director and television producer ** Catherine Oxenberg, American actress * September 23 ** Chi McBride, American actor ** William C. McCool, U.S. Navy Commander and astronaut (d. 2003) *

September 24 Events Pre-1600 *787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia. *1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...

** Fiona Corke, Australian actress ** Michael Tavera, American composer * September 25 ** Heather Locklear, American actress ** Steve Scott (journalist), Steve Scott, British journalist and presenter * September 26 – Wes Hopkins, American football player (d. 2018) * September 27 ** Andy Lau, Hong Kong actor and singer ** Melissa Newman, American artist and singer *

September 28 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII. * 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...

** Yordanka Donkova, Bulgarian athlete ** Wayne Westner, South African golfer (d. 2017) * September 29 – Julia Gillard, 27th Prime Minister of Australia *

September 30 Events Pre-1600 * 489 – The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time. * 737 – The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture their b ...

** Crystal Bernard, American actress and singer ** Gary Coyne, Australian rugby league player ** Eric Stoltz, American actor and director ** Sally Yeh, Hong Kong singer and actress

October

* October 1 ** Gary Ablett, Sr., Gary Ablett, Australian rules footballer ** Rico Constantino, American professional wrestler ** Michael Righeira, Italian singer-songwriter, musician and actor * October 3 – Ludger Stühlmeyer, German cantor, composer and musicologist * October 4 ** Kazuki Takahashi, Japanese manga artist (d. 2022) ** Philippe Russo, French singer ** Jon Secada, Cuban-American singer-songwriter * October 5 – Matthew Kauffman, American journalist, George Polk Award winner * October 6 – Mark Shasha, American artist, author and illustrator * October 10 – Jodi Benson, American actress and singer * October 11 ** Amr Diab, Egyptian singer ** Steve Young, American football player * October 12 – Diego García (runner), Diego García, Spanish long-distance athlete (d. 2001) * October 13 ** Rachel De Thame, English gardener and television presenter ** Doc Rivers, American basketball player and coach * October 14 – Jim Burns, British science-fiction illustrator * October 15 – Meera Sanyal, Indian banker (d. 2019) * October 16 ** Chris Doleman, American football player (d. 2020) ** Scott O'Hara, American pornographic performer, author, poet, editor and publisher (d. 1998) ** Paul Vaessen, English footballer (d. 2001) ** Randy Vasquez, American actor ** Kim Wayans, American actress, comedian, producer, writer and director *

October 18 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self-inflicted starvation. * 320 – Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philos ...

** Wynton Marsalis, African-American trumpeter and composer ** Rick Moody, American writer ** Gladstone Small, Barbadian-English cricketer * October 19 – Cliff Lyons, Australian rugby league player * October 20 ** Les Stroud, Canadian survival expert, filmmaker and musician ** Michie Tomizawa, Japanese voice actress * October 22 ** Todd Oldham, American designer ** Robert Torti, American actor and singer * October 24 – Dave Meltzer, American wrestling journalist *

October 25 Events Pre-1600 * 285 (or 286) – Execution of Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers. * 473 – Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II a ...

** Ward Burton, American NASCAR driver ** Pat Sharp, British radio DJ and host ** Chad Smith, American musician * October 26 – Dylan McDermott, American actor * October 29 – Randy Jackson (Jacksons singer), Randy Jackson, African-American pop singer (The Jackson 5) * October 30 – Dmitry Muratov, Russian campaigning journalist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize * October 31 ** Alonzo Babers, American runner ** Peter Jackson, New Zealand film director ** Larry Mullen, Jr., Irish rock drummer (U2)

November

*

November 1 Events Pre-1600 * 365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities. * 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, ...

** Anne Donovan, American basketball player and coach (d. 2018) ** Heng Swee Keat, Singaporean politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore * November 2 ** Lisa de Cazotte, American soap opera producer (d. 2019) ** k.d. lang, Canadian singer and songwriter * November 3 – David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon * November 4 ** Daron Hagen, American composer ** Dominic Heale, British journalist and newsreader ** Ralph Macchio, American actor ** Jeff Probst, American television personality ** Jerry Sadowitz, American-born British stand-up comic and card magician ** Nigel Worthington, Northern Irish footballer and football manager * November 5 – Alan G. Poindexter, American astronaut (d. 2012) * November 9 ** Jill Dando, British journalist and television presenter (d.

1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootin ...

) ** Jackie Kay, Scottish poet and novelist * November 12 – Nadia Comăneci, Romanian gymnast * November 14 ** Ben Coleman (basketball), Ben Coleman, American basketball player (d. 2019) ** Jurga Ivanauskaitė, Lithuanian writer (d. 2007) ** D. B. Sweeney, American actor * November 16 ** Andrea Prodan, Scottish-Italian film actor, composer and musician ** Corinne Hermès, French singer, Eurovision Song Contest 1983 winner * November 18 ** Michael Hawley, American academic and artist (d. 2020) ** Steven Moffat, Scottish screenwriter ** Anthony Warlow, Australian singer * November 19 – Meg Ryan, American actress and film director * November 20 – Dave Watson, English footballer * November 21 – Maria Kawamura, Japanese voice actress * November 22 ** Mariel Hemingway, American actress ** Stephen Hough, British-Australian pianist ** Randal L. Schwartz, American computer programmer * November 24 – Arundhati Roy, Indian writer and activist * November 25 – Matthias Freihof, German television actor and director November 27 Lieselotte Lauer, (child family name: Schröder) German company C. Lorenz AG, SEL (Standard Elektrik Lorenz) Reported missing since July 1992 * November 28 – Alfonso Cuarón, Mexican film director, screenwriter and producer * November 29 ** Kim Delaney, American actress ** Tom Sizemore, American actor

December

Matthew Waterhouse - Gallifrey 2011 (cropped etc)

Ilham Heydar oglu Aliyev - President of the Republic of Azerbaijan

* December 1 – Salahuddin Ayub, Malaysian politician * December 3 – Marcelo Fromer, Brazilian guitarist * December 4 ** Rocky Dennis, American teenager who had craniodiaphyseal dysplasia (d. 1978) ** Frank Reich, American football player * December 5 ** Alan Davies (footballer), Alan Davies, English-Welsh international footballer (d. 1992) ** Laura Flanders, British born American journalist * December 6 - Colin Salmon, British actor *December 8 – Ann Coulter, American author, conservative commentator and attorney * December 9 ** Beril Dedeoğlu, Turkish politician and academic (d. 2019) ** David Anthony Higgins, American actor * December 10 ** Pasang Lhamu Sherpa, Nepalese Buddhist (d. 1993) ** Nia Peeples, American actress * December 12 ** Daniel O'Donnell, Irish singer ** Sarah Sutton, British actress * December 13 **Karen Witter, American actress and model **Per Øystein Sørensen, Norwegian lead singer Fra Lippo Lippi * December 15 – Karin Resetarits, Austrian journalist and politician * December 16 ** Bill Hicks, American comedian (d.

1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which Sinking of the MS Estonia, sank in ...

) ** Jon Tenney, American actor ** Sam Robards, American actor ** Shane Black, American film director * December 19 ** Eric Allin Cornell, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ** Matthew Waterhouse, British actor ** Reggie White, American football player (d. 2004) * December 20 – Mohammad Fouad, Arab singer and actor * December 21 – Francis Ng, Hong Kong actor * December 22 – Kassim Majaliwa, 10th Prime Minister of Tanzania * December 23 – Ezzat el Kamhawi, Egyptian novelist * December 24 ** Ilham Aliyev, 7th Prime Minister of Azerbaijan and 4th President of Azerbaijan ** Wade Williams, American actor * December 25 ** Íngrid Betancourt, Colombian senator ** Ghislaine Maxwell, British socialite ** David Thompson (Barbadian politician), David Thompson, 6th Prime Minister of Barbados (d. 2010) * December 26 – John Lynch (actor), John Lynch, Northern Irish actor * December 27 – Guido Westerwelle, German politician (d. 2016) * December 29 – Jim Reid, Scottish musician * December 30 ** Douglas Coupland, Canadian author ** Bill English, 39th Prime Minister of New Zealand ** Sean Hannity, American radio/television host and conservative commentator ** Ben Johnson (Canadian sprinter), Ben Johnson, Canadian athlete

Deaths

January

*

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

– Auvergne Doherty, Australian businesswoman (b. 1896) * January 4 – Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887) *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...

– František Flos, Czech novelist (b. 1864) *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...

– Emily Greene Balch, American writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1867) * January 10 – Dashiell Hammett, American writer (b. 1894) * January 13 ** Nino Marchesini, Italian actor (b. 1895) ** Blanche Ring, American singer and actress (b. 1871) * January 14 – Barry Fitzgerald, Irish actor (b. 1888) *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...

–

Patrice Lumumba Patrice Émery Lumumba (; 2 July 1925 – 17 January 1961) was a Congolese politician and independence leader who served as the first prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then known as the Republic of the Congo) from June u ...

, 1st Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (b. 1925) * January 18 – Thomas Anthony Dooley III, physician (b. 1927) * January 21 ** Blaise Cendrars, Swiss writer (b. 1887) ** John J. Becker, American composer and pianist (b. 1886) *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Cou ...

– Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American swimmer and inventor (b. 1884) * January 26 – Stan Nichols, English cricketer (b. 1900) * January 29 – Jesse Wallace, American naval officer, 29th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1899) *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 *1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 *1607 – An estimated ...

– Dorothy Thompson, American journalist (b. 1893)

February

* February 2 – Anna May Wong, Chinese-American actress (b. 1905) * February 3 – William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil, Viscount Dunrossil, Australian Governor-General (b. 1893) *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

** Hazel Heald, American writer (b. 1896) ** Philip Game, Sir Philip Game, British army officer, colonial governor and police officer (b. 1876) * February 6 – Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland, British politician (b. 1876) * February 7 – William Duncan (actor), William Duncan, American actor (b. 1879) *

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. * 1539 – The first recorded race is hel ...

– Carlos Luz, Brazilian politician, 19th

President of Brazil The president of Brazil ( pt, Presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil ( pt, Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the ''President of the Republic'', is the head of state and head o ...

(b. 1894) *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under ...

– Richmond K. Turner, American admiral (b. 1885) *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...

– Arthur Ripley, American film director (b. 1897) *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

– Laurence Owen, American figure skater (b. 1944) * February 16 – Dazzy Vance, American baseball player (Brooklyn Dodgers) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1891) * February 17 ** Horatio Pettus Mackintosh Berney-Ficklin, Horatio Berney-Filkin, British army general (b. 1892) ** Nita Naldi, American actress (b. 1894) * February 20 – Percy Grainger, Australian composer (b. 1882) * February 22 ** George de Cuevas, Chilean-American ballet impresario and choreographer (b. 1885) ** Nick LaRocca, American jazz musician (b. 1889) *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 *747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is p ...

** Uberto De Morpurgo, Italian tennis player (b. 1896) ** King Mohammed V of Morocco (b. 1909) * February 28 – Aaron S. Merrill, Aaron S. "Tip" Merrill, American admiral (b. 1890)

March

Victor d%27Arcy and Harold Abrahams 1920

*

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 &nd ...

** Azizul Haq, Bengali Islamic scholar (b. 1903) ** Paul Wittgenstein, Austrian-born pianist (b. 1887) * March 6 ** George Formby, British singer, comedian and actor (b. 1904) ** Oswald Rayner, British Secret Intelligence Service, MI6 agent (b. 1888) * March 8 ** Sir Thomas Beecham, English conductor (b. 1879) ** Gala Galaction, Romanian writer (b. 1879) * March 12 ** Victor d'Arcy, British Olympic athlete (b. 1887) ** Belinda Lee, English actress (b. 1935) * March 17 – Susanna M. Salter, first woman mayor in the United States (b. 1860) * March 22 – Nikolai Massalitinov, Soviet-born Bulgarian actor (b. 1880) * March 23 – Valentin Bondarenko, Russian cosmonaut (b. 1937) * March 25 – Arthur Drewry, English administrator, 5th President of FIFA (b. 1891) * March 26 – Carlos Duarte Costa, Brazilian Roman Catholic archbishop and saint, founder of the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church (b. 1888)

April

* April 2 – Wallingford Riegger, American music composer (b. 1885) * April 3 – Eliseo Mouriño, Argentine footballer (b. 1927) * April 6 – Jules Bordet, Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1870) * April 7 ** Vanessa Bell, English artist and interior designer (b. 1879) ** Jesús Guridi, Spanish Basque composer (b. 1886) ** Marian Driscoll Jordan, American actress and radio personality (b. 1898) * April 9 – Ahmet Zog/Zog I of Albania, Zog I, Skanderberg III, Albanian political leader, 11th Prime Minister of Albania, 7th President of Albania and King of Albania (b. 1895) * April 10 – John Hope Simpson, Sir John Hope Simpson, British politician (b. 1868) * April 11 – Padma Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, 16th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1882) * April 12 ** Mbarek Bekkay, 1st Prime Minister of Morocco (b. 1907) ** Aziz Ezzat Pasha, Egyptian politician (b. 1869) *

April 19 Events Pre-1600 *AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at ...

– Manuel Quiroga (violinist), Manuel Quiroga, Spanish violinist (b. 1892) * April 21 – James Melton, American tenor (b. 1904) * April 24 – Lee Moran, American actor (b. 1888) * April 25 ** Robert Garrett, American Olympic athlete (b. 1875) ** George Melford, American actor (b. 1877) *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...

** Roy Del Ruth, American film director (b. 1893) ** Minoru Sasaki, Japanese general (b. 1893) * April 30 ** Dickie Dale, English motorcycle road racer (b. 1927) ** Jessie Redmon Fauset, American editor, writer and educator (b. 1882)

May

* May 3 ** Lajos Dinnyés, 41st Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1901) ** Maurice Merleau-Ponty, French phenomenological philosopher (b. 1908) * May 6 – Lucian Blaga, Romanian poet and philosopher (b. 1895) * May 13 – Gary Cooper, American actor (''High Noon'') (b. 1901) *

May 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. *1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. * 1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forc ...

– Albert Sévigny, Canadian politician (b. 1881) *

May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. *1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 1364 ...

– George A. Malcolm, American jurist and educator (b. 1881) *

May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. * 11 ...

– Joan Davis, American actress (b. 1912) *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...

– Rafael Trujillo, Dominican politician and soldier, 2-time President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1891)

June

* June – Constantin Constantinescu-Claps, Romanian general (b. 1884) * June 6 – Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist (b. 1875) * June 9 – Camille Guérin, French bacteriologist and immunologist (b. 1872) * June 14 – Eddie Polo, Austrian-American actor (b. 1875) * June 16 – Marcel Junod, Swiss physician (b. 1904) *

June 17 Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. * 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...

** Jeff Chandler, American actor (b. 1918) ** Thomas Darden, American Rear admiral (United States), Rear admiral, 37th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1900) * June 18 – Eddie Gaedel, American with dwarfism (b. 1925) * June 19 – Richard Ernest William Turner, Sir Richard Turner, Canadian general, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1871) *

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. * 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. * 1280 – The Spanish Re ...

– Nikolai Malko, Soviet conductor (b. 1883) * June 24 ** William J. Connors, American politician (b. 1891) ** George Washington Vanderbilt III, American philanthropist (b. 1914) * June 25 – John Alexander Douglas McCurdy, Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia and pilot (b. 1886) * June 27 ** Paul Guilfoyle (actor, born 1902), Paul Guilfoyle, American actor (b. 1902) ** Mukhtar Auezov, Kazakh writer (b. 1897) * June 30 – Lee de Forest, American inventor (b. 1873)

July

*

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...

** Nasuhi al-Bukhari, Syrian soldier and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Syria (b. 1881) ** Louis-Ferdinand Céline, French writer (b. 1894) * July 2 – Ernest Hemingway, American writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (suicide) (b. 1899) *

July 4 Events Pre-1600 * 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans. * 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaim ...

– Franklyn Farnum, American actor (b. 1878) * July 6 ** Konstantinos Logothetopoulos, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1878) ** Woodall Rodgers, American politician, 43rd Mayor of Dallas (b. 1890) * July 9 – Whittaker Chambers, American spy and witness in Alger Hiss, Hiss case * July 15 – Nina Bari, Russian mathematician (b. 1901) * July 17 –

Ty Cobb Tyrus Raymond Cobb (December 18, 1886 – July 17, 1961), nicknamed "the Georgia Peach", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) center fielder. He was born in rural Narrows, Georgia. Cobb spent 22 seasons with the Detroit Tigers, the las ...

, American baseball player and a member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Baseball Hall of Fame (b. 1886) * July 23 ** Esther Dale, American actress (b. 1885) ** Valentine Davies, American screenwriter (b. 1905) ** Shigeko Higashikuni, Princess Teru of Japan (b. 1925) * July 28 – Harry Gribbon, American actor of silent films (b. 1885) * July 30 – Sediqeh Dowlatabadi, Persian feminist, women's rights activist and journalist (b. 1882)

August

* August 1 – Domingo Pérez Cáceres, Spanish Roman Catholic priest and saint (b. 1892) * August 4 ** Zoltán Tildy, 39th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1889) ** Maurice Tourneur, French film director (b. 1873) * August 5 – Sidney Holland, New Zealand politician, 25th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1893) * August 8 – Mei Lanfang, Beijing opera star (b. 1894) * August 9 – Walter Bedell Smith, American general and diplomat (b. 1895) *

August 11 Events Pre-1600 * 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. * 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founde ...

– William Jackson (gangster), William Jackson, American gangster (b. 1920) * August 14 ** Henri Breuil, French priest, archaeologist, anthropologist and ethnologist (b. 1877) ** Clark Ashton Smith, American writer and sculptor (b. 1893) * August 20 – Percy Williams Bridgman, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1882) * August 23 – Beals Wright, American tennis player (b. 1879) * August 26 ** Howard P. Robertson, American physicist (b. 1903) ** Gail Russell, American actress (b. 1924) * August 30 ** Charles Coburn, American actor (b. 1877) ** Cristóbal de Losada y Puga, Peruvian mathematician and mining engineer (b. 1894)

September

*

September 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated. * 1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancon ...

– Eero Saarinen, Finnish architect (b. 1910) * September 3 ** Richard Mason (explorer), Richard Mason, British explorer (b. 1934) * September 4 – Charles D.B. King, President of Liberia from 1920 to 1930 (b. 1875) *

September 7 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem. * 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII. *1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen. *1191 – Third Cru ...

– Pieter Gerbrandy, Prime Minister of the Netherlands 1940 to 1945 (b. 1885) * September 16 ** Percy Chapman, English cricketer (b. 1900) ** Hasan Fehmi (Ataç), Hasan Fehmi, Turkish politician (b. 1879) *

September 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia". * 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empi ...

** Miguel Gómez Bao, Spanish-born Argentine actor (b. 1894) **

Adnan Menderes Adnan Menderes (; 1899 – 17 September 1961) was a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister of Turkey between 1950 and 1960. He was one of the founders of the Democrat Party (DP) in 1946, the fourth legal opposition party of Turkey. He ...

, Turkish statesman, 9th Prime Minister of Turkey (executed) (b. 1899) *

September 18 Events Pre-1600 * 96 – Domitian, who has been conducting a reign of terror for the past three years, is assassinated as a result of a plot by his wife Domitia and two Praetorian prefects. * 96 – Nerva is proclaimed Roman emperor a ...

** Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish diplomat, politician and author, 2nd Secretary General of the United Nations, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1905) *

September 21 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power. * 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders. * 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...

– Georgia Ann Robinson, community worker and first African Americans, African American woman to be appointed a Los Angeles police officer (b. 1879) * September 22 – Marion Davies, American actress (b. 1897) * September 23 – Elmer Diktonius, Finnish poet and composer (b. 1896) *

September 24 Events Pre-1600 *787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia. *1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...

– Sumner Welles, American diplomat (b. 1892) * September 25 – Frank Fay (American actor), Frank Fay, American vaudeville comedian and film and stage actor (b. 1891) * September 26 ** Robert L. Eichelberger, American general (b. 1886) ** Juanita Hansen, American actress (b. 1895) * September 27 – H.D. (Hilda Doolittle), American poet and novelist (b. 1886)

October

* October 1 – Donald Cook (actor), Donald Cook, American actor (b. 1901) * October 2 – Essington Lewis, Australian industrialist (b. 1881) * October 4 – Max Weber (artist), Max Weber, Polish-American artist (b. 1881) * October 6 – J. Reuben Clark, American politician and Mormon leader (b. 1871) * October 11 ** Lucy Tayiah Eads, Kaw tribal chief (b. 1888) ** Chico Marx, American comedian (b. 1887) * October 13 ** Louis Rwagasore, 2nd Prime Minister of Burundi (assassinated) (b. 1932) ** Maya Deren, Russian-born American filmmaker (b. 1917) ** Zoltán Korda, Hungarian screenwriter and director (b. 1895) ** Dun Karm Psaila, Maltese writer (b. 1871) * October 14 ** Paul Ramadier, French politician, 63rd Prime Minister of France (b. 1888) ** Harriet Shaw Weaver, English political activist (b. 1876) * October 19 ** Şemsettin Günaltay, Turkish historian and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1883) ** Sergio Osmeña, Filipino politician, 4th President of the Philippines (b. 1878) * October 21 – Karl Korsch, German Marxist theoretician (b. 1886) * October 22 ** Joseph M. Schenck, Russian-born film studio executive (b. 1878) ** Aloys Van de Vyvere, 25th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1871) * October 26 – Milan Stojadinović, 12th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (b. 1888) * October 30 – Luigi Einaudi, Italian economist and politician, 2nd President of Italy (b. 1874) * October 31 – Augustus John, Welsh painter (b. 1878)

November

*

November 1 Events Pre-1600 * 365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities. * 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, ...

– Mordecai Ham, American evangelist (b. 1877) * November 2 ** James Thurber, American humorist (b. 1894) ** Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa I, 12th Hakim of Bahrain (b. 1894) * November 3 – Thomas Flynn (bishop of Lancaster), Thomas Flynn, British Roman Catholic prelate and reverend (b. 1880) * November 9 – Ferdinand Bie, Norwegian Olympic athlete (b. 1888) * November 15 ** Elsie Ferguson, American actress (b. 1883) ** Johanna Westerdijk, Dutch plant pathologist (b. 1883) * November 16 – Sam Rayburn, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1882) * November 22 – Anselmo Alliegro y Milá, Cuban politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Cuba, leader of World War II (b. 1899) * November 24 – Ruth Chatterton, American actress, novelist and aviator (b. 1892) * November 25 – Adelina de Lara, British composer (b. 1872) * November 30 – Anna Gould, American heiress and socialite, daughter of financier Jay Gould (b. 1875)

December

Bundesarchiv Bild 101III-Ludwig-006-19, Kurt Meyer

* December 2 – Dulcie Mary Pillers, English medical illustrator (b. 1891) * December 3 – Pat O'Hara Wood, Australian tennis player (b. 1891) * December 6 – Frantz Fanon, Caribbean philosopher (b. 1925) * December 7 – Herbert Pitman, British sailor, third officer of the (b. 1877) * December 10 – Elwyn Welch, New Zealand farmer, ornithologist, conservationist and Open Brethren missionary (b. 1925) * December 13 – Anna Mary Robertson Moses aka Grandma Moses, American naïve painter (b. 1860) * December 15 – Gioacchino Failla, Italian-born American physicist (b. 1891) * December 20 ** Moss Hart, American dramatist (b. 1904) ** Earle Page, Sir Earle Page, Australian politician, 11th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1880) * December 23 ** Kurt Meyer, German ''Generalmajor der Waffen-SS'' and war criminal (b. 1910) ** Fanny Schoonheyt, Dutch Communist Lieutenant in the Spanish Civil War. (b. 1912) * December 25 – Otto Loewi, German-born pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1873) * December 27 – Bernard McConville, American screenwriter (b. 1887) * December 28 – Edith Wilson, First Lady of the United States from 1915 to 1921 (b. 1872) * December 29 ** Anton Flettner, German aviation engineer and inventor (b. 1885) ** Sibyl Morrison, first female barrister in New South Wales, Australia (b. 1895)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Robert Hofstadter, Rudolf Mössbauer * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Melvin Calvin * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Georg von Békésy * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Ivo Andrić * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Dag Hammarskjöld (posthumously)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1961 1961,

Events

January

February

March

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May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Births

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Deaths

January

February

March

April

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June

July

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September

October

November

December

Nobel Prizes

See also

References